The Soviet locomotive class FD (russian: ФД; ) was a

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

main freight

steam locomotive A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, oil or, rarely, wood) to heat water in the locomot ...

type named after

Felix Dzerzhinsky Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky ( pl, Feliks Dzierżyński ; russian: Фе́ликс Эдму́ндович Дзержи́нский; – 20 July 1926), nicknamed "Iron Felix", was a Bolshevik revolutionary and official, born into Poland, Polish n ...

(russian: Феликс Дзержинский; ). Between 1932 and 1942, 3213 FD series locomotives were built.

History

The locomotive was created in connection with the industrialization conducted in the USSR. Planning took only 100 days, and typical construction time was 170 days. For certain features the design engineers referred to American practice in steam locomotive design. The first locomotive was built at the October Revolution Locomotive Factory in Luhansk, Ukrainian SSR (

Luhansk Luhansk (, ; uk, Луганськ, ), also known as Lugansk (, ; russian: Луганск, ), is a city in what is internationally recognised as Ukraine, although it is administered by Russia as capital of the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR). A ...

, Ukraine) in 1931 and sent for a show to

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

Model of Russian Class FD locomotive FD20-2865

Tests, in which the locomotive performed well, were conducted in 1932. In that year the Luhansk October Revolution plant began mass production of FD20 locomotives. Over the course of production their construction got better steadily. From the beginning of the Great Patriotic war in 1941, production was interrupted only in 1942; four locomotives were built in

Ulan-Ude Ulan-Ude (; bua, Улаан-Үдэ, , ; russian: Улан-Удэ, p=ʊˈlan ʊˈdɛ; mn, Улаан-Үд, , ) is the capital city of the Republic of Buryatia, Russia, located about southeast of Lake Baikal on the Uda River at its confluence wi ...

, Russian SFSR. Total production was 2927 locomotives of FD20 and 286 locomotives of FD21. The two subclasses only differed in the type of

superheater A superheater is a device used to convert saturated steam or wet steam into superheated steam or dry steam. Superheated steam is used in steam turbines for electricity generation, steam engines, and in processes such as steam reforming. There ar ...

. The locomotives of FD operated in areas with high turnover of goods. They worked on 23 of 43 railways in the USSR, including in Siberia and in the Urals. From middle of 1950, in connection with conversion to diesel engines and electric locomotives, the locomotives of FD began to be pushed aside from work. Also in 1958–1960 about 1000 locomotives were transferred to

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

, as

China Railway China State Railway Group Company, Ltd., doing business as China Railway (CR), is the national passenger and freight railroad corporation of the People's Republic of China. China Railway operates passenger and freight transport throughout Ch ...

class FD; some of these were subsequently transferred from China to

North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu River, Y ...

,Kokubu, Hayato, 将軍様の鉄道 (Shōgun-sama no Tetsudō), p. 111 where the

Korean State Railway The Korean State Railway (), commonly called the State Rail () is the operating arm of the Ministry of Railways of North Korea and has its headquarters at P'yŏngyang. The current Minister of Railways is Chang Jun Song. History 1945–195 ...

numbered them in the 8500 series.

Gallery

File:Parovoz FD21-3125.JPG, Russian locomotive class FD 21-3125 at Moscow Railway Museum at

Rizhsky Rail Terminal Rizhsky station (russian: Рижский вокзал, ''Rizhsky vokzal'', Riga station) is one of the nine main railway stations in Moscow, Russia. It was built in 1901. As well as being an active station it also houses the Moscow Railway Museum ...

File:Class FD20 Soviet locomotive and Fireless Locomotive No9305 Russian Railway Museum.jpg, Russian locomotive class FD-1103 (on the left of the photo) at the

Russian Railway Museum The Russian Railway Museum is situated next to Baltiysky railway station in Saint Petersburg. The museum was established in 1978, its current site and exhibition opened to public on 1 November 2017. The museum utilizes the nineteenth century lo ...

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

File: Грузовой паровоз ФД 20-1103 (1).jpg, FD 20-1103 at

Varshavsky Rail Terminal Varshavsky station (russian: Варша́вский вокза́л, ''Varshavsky vokzal''), or Warsaw station, is a former passenger railway station in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is located to the south of the city centre, and was in operation ...

File: Грузовой паровоз ФД 20-1103 (2).jpg, FD 20-1103 at

File: Грузовой паровоз ФД 20-1103 (4).jpg, FD 20-1103 at

File: Грузовой паровоз ФД 20-1103 (5).jpg, FD 20-1103 at

File: Грузовой паровоз ФД 20-1103 (7).jpg, FD 20-1103 at

File: Грузовой паровоз ФД 20-1103 (8).jpg, FD 20-1103 at

File: Грузовой паровоз ФД 20-1103 (9).jpg, FD 20-1103 at

File: Грузовой паровоз ФД 20-1103 (10).jpg, FD 20-1103 at

File: Грузовой паровоз ФД 20-1103 (13).jpg, FD 20-1103 at

File: Грузовой паровоз ФД 20-1103 (14).jpg, FD 20-1103 at

File: Грузовой паровоз ФД 20-1103 (16).jpg, FD 20-1103 at

References

Notes

Literature

* В.А. Раков. Локомотивы отечественных железных дорог 1845-1955. — 2-е, переработанное и дополненное. — Москва: «Транспорт», 1995 * Справочник по локомотивам железных дорог СССР. Главное управление локомотивного хозяйства МПС. Трансжелдориздат 1956 * Курс паровозов. Устройство и работа паровозов и техника их ремонта (под редакцией С.П. Сыромятникова), Трансжелдориздат (State Publishing House), 1937

External links