Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman people, Roman civilisation from the founding of Rome, founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, collapse of the Western Roman Em ...
, sectioned by the kingdom, giving the years the ruler was on the throne, and separating Kings and Queens.
Rome's foreign clients were called ''amici populi Romani'' (friends of the Roman people) and listed on the ''tabula amicorum'' (table of friends). They did not sign treaties or have formal obligations, but entered into alliance (''societas'') and friendship (''
amicitia
''Amicitia'' is the Latin word for friendship, either between individuals, between the state and an individual or between states. It was "a technical term of Roman political life" from the 2nd century BC, when, according to Seneca, it was introdu ...
Demetrius of Pharos
Demetrius of Pharos (also Pharus; ) was a ruler of Pharos involved in the First Illyrian War, after which he ruled a portion of the Illyrian Adriatic coast on behalf of the Romans, as a client king.
Demetrius was a regent ruler to Pinnes, ...
c.222- 219 BC.
Colchis
In classical antiquity and Greco-Roman geography, Colchis (; ) was an exonym for the Georgian polity of Egrisi ( ka, ეგრისი) located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, centered in present-day western Georgia.
Its population, the ...
Bosporan Kingdom
The Bosporan Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus (; ), was an ancient Greco-Scythians, Scythian state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, centered in the present-day ...
Asander
Asander or Asandros (; lived 4th century BC) was the son of Philotas (father of Parmenion), Philotas and brother of Parmenion and Agathon (son of Philotas), Agathon. He was a Ancient Macedonians, Macedonian general under Alexander the Great, a ...
47 BC, then 44 BC – 17 BC
* Scribonius 17 BC – 16 BC
*
Dynamis
Dunamis (Ancient Greek: δύναμις) is a Greek philosophical concept meaning "power", "potential" or "ability", and is central to the Aristotelian idea of ''potentiality and actuality''.
Dunamis or Dynamis may also refer to:
* Dynamis (Bosp ...
with Asander 47 BC, then 44 BC – 17 BC, then with Polemon from 16 BC until her death in 14 BC
* Polemon I 16 BC – 8 BC
* Aspurgus 8 BC – 38 AD
* Rhescuporis I 14 – 42 AD
* Polemon II 38 – 41 AD
* Mithridates II 42 – 46 AD
* Cotys I 46 – 78
** Roman Province 63 – 68
*
Rhescuporis II
file:Monete ellenistiche, regno di tracia, Rescuporide II, in bronzo, 12-18 dc.jpg, Coin of Rhescuporis II of Thracia
Rhescuporis II (Greek language, Greek: Ρησκούπορις) was king of the Sapaean kingdom of Thrace from 12 to 19 AD. He rul ...
Rhescuporis II
file:Monete ellenistiche, regno di tracia, Rescuporide II, in bronzo, 12-18 dc.jpg, Coin of Rhescuporis II of Thracia
Rhescuporis II (Greek language, Greek: Ρησκούπορις) was king of the Sapaean kingdom of Thrace from 12 to 19 AD. He rul ...
Rhoemetalces III
Rhoemetalces III () was a king of the Sapaean Thracians. He was the son of Rhescuporis II. In association with his wife Pythodoris II, (daughter of his cousin Cotys III), they were client rulers of the Sapaean kingdom of Thrace under the Romans ...
-46 AD
Kingdom of Pontus
Pontus ( ) was a Hellenistic kingdom centered in the historical region of Pontus in modern-day Turkey, and ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin, which may have been directly related to Darius the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty. ...
*
Pharnaces II of Pontus
Pharnaces II of Pontus (; about 97–47 BC) was the king of the Bosporan Kingdom and Kingdom of Pontus until his death. He was a monarch of Persian and Greek ancestry. He was the youngest child born to King Mithridates VI of Pontus from hi ...
63-47 BC
*
Darius of Pontus
Darius of Pontus (reigned 37-37/36 BC) was a monarch of Iranian and Greek Macedonian ancestry. He was the first child born to King Pharnaces II of Pontus and his Sarmatian wife.Mayor, ''The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithridates, Rome� ...
37 BC
*
Arsaces of Pontus Arsaces of Pontus (flourished 1st century BC) was a prince from the Kingdom of Pontus. He was a monarch of Iranian and Greek Macedonian ancestry.
Arsaces was the second son and youngest child born to King Pharnaces II of Pontus and his Sarmatian ...
37-36 BC
*
Polemon I of Pontus
Polemon I Pythodoros (; fl. 1st century BC – died 8 BC) was the Roman Client King of Cilicia, Pontus, Colchis and the Bosporan Kingdom. Polemon was the son and heir of Zenon and possibly Tryphaena. Zenon and Polemon adorned Laodicea with many ...
36-8 BC
*
Polemon II of Pontus
Marcus Antonius Polemon Pythodoros, also known as Polemon II of Pontus and Polemon of Cilicia (; 12 BC/11 BC–74), was a prince of the Bosporan, Pontus, Cilicia, and Cappadocia. He served as a Roman client king of Pontus, Colchis, and Cilicia.
...
Kingdom of Judea
Kingdom commonly refers to:
* A monarchic state or realm ruled by a king or queen.
** A monarchic chiefdom, represented or governed by a king or queen.
* Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy
Kingdom may also refer to:
Arts and me ...
*
Herod the Great
Herod I or Herod the Great () was a History of the Jews in the Roman Empire, Roman Jewish client king of the Herodian kingdom of Judea. He is known for his colossal building projects throughout Judea. Among these works are the rebuilding of the ...
37-4 BC
*
Herod Archelaus
Herod Archelaus (, ''Hērōidēs Archelaos''; 23 BC – ) was the ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, including the cities Caesarea Maritima, Caesarea and Jaffa, for nine years (). He was the son of Herod the Great and Malthace the ...
(in Judea) 4BC-6 AD
*
Philip the Tetrarch
Philip the Tetrarch (), sometimes called Herod Philip II by modern writers (see #Naming convention, "Naming convention") was the son of Herod the Great and his fifth wife, Cleopatra of Jerusalem. As a Tetrarchy (Judea), Tetrarch, he ruled over ...
(in Batanea) 4BC- 34 AD
*
Herod Antipas
Herod Antipas (, ''Hērṓidēs Antípas''; ) was a 1st-century ruler of Galilee and Perea. He bore the title of tetrarch ("ruler of a quarter") and is referred to as both "Herod the Tetrarch" and "King Herod" in the New Testament. He was a s ...
(in Galilee) 4BC- 39 AD
*
Herod Agrippa
Herod Agrippa I ( Roman name: Marcus Julius Agrippa; ), also simply known as Herod Agrippa, Agrippa I, () or Agrippa the Great, was the last king of Judea. He was a grandson of Herod the Great and the father of Herod Agrippa II, the last known k ...
37AD-44AD
*
Herod Agrippa II
Herod Agrippa II ( Roman name: Marcus Julius Agrippa, ; AD 27/28 – or 100), sometimes shortened to Agrippa II or Agrippa, was the last ruler from the Herodian dynasty, reigning over territories outside of Judea as a Roman client. Agrippa ...
53–100AD
Kingdom of Mauretania
Kingdom commonly refers to:
* A monarchic state or realm ruled by a king or queen.
** A monarchic chiefdom, represented or governed by a king or queen.
* Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy
Kingdom may also refer to:
Arts and me ...
*
Juba II
Juba II of Mauretania (Latin: ''Gaius Iulius Iuba''; or ;Roller, Duane W. (2003) ''The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene'' "Routledge (UK)". pp. 1–3. . c. 48 BC – AD 23) was the son of Juba I and client king of Numidia (30–25 BC) and ...
25 BC- 23 AD
*
Ptolemy of Mauretania
Ptolemy of Mauretania (, ''Ptolemaîos''; ; 13 9BC–AD40) was the last Roman client king and ruler of Mauretania for Rome. He was the son of Juba II, the king of Numidia and a member of the Berber Massyles tribe, as well as a descendant of th ...
20-40 AD
Kingdom of Numidia
Numidia was the ancient kingdom of the Numidians in northwest Africa, initially comprising the territory that now makes up Algeria, but later expanding across what is today known as Tunisia and Libya. The polity was originally divided between ...
*
Hiempsal II
Hiempsal II was king of Numidia from 88 – 60 BC. He was the son of Gauda, half-brother of Jugurtha, and was the father of Juba I.
History
In 88 BC, after the triumph of Lucius Cornelius Sulla, when Gaius Marius and his son fled from Rome to Af ...
88-60 BC
*
Juba I
Juba I of Numidia (, ; –46BC) was a king of Numidia (present-day Algeria) who reigned from 60 to 46 BC. He was the son and successor to Hiempsal II.
Biography
In 81 BC, Hiempsal had been driven from his throne; soon afterwards, Pompey wa ...
60-46 BC
*
Juba II
Juba II of Mauretania (Latin: ''Gaius Iulius Iuba''; or ;Roller, Duane W. (2003) ''The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene'' "Routledge (UK)". pp. 1–3. . c. 48 BC – AD 23) was the son of Juba I and client king of Numidia (30–25 BC) and ...
Herod Agrippa II
Herod Agrippa II ( Roman name: Marcus Julius Agrippa, ; AD 27/28 – or 100), sometimes shortened to Agrippa II or Agrippa, was the last ruler from the Herodian dynasty, reigning over territories outside of Judea as a Roman client. Agrippa ...
48-53 AD
*
Aristobulus of Chalcis
Aristobulus V of Chalcis () was a son of Herod of Chalcis and his first wife Mariamne. Herod of Chalcis, ruler of Chalcis in Iturea, was a grandson of Herod the Great through his father, Aristobulus IV. Mariamne was a granddaughter of Herod t ...
Artaxias II
Artaxias II,Temporini, ''Politische Geschichte (Provinzen Und Randv Lker: Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien): Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien)'', p.979 also known as Artaxes IIDaryaee, ''The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History'', p.173 and Ar ...
Artaxias III
Artaxias III, also known as Zeno-Artaxias, (, 13 BC–34 AD) was a Pontic prince and later a Roman Client King of Armenia.
Artaxias birth name was Zenon (). He was the first son and child born to Roman Client Rulers Polemon Pythodoros and P ...
18-35 AD
*
Arsaces I of Armenia
Arsaces I of Armenia, also known as Arsaces I, Arshak I and Arsak (ruled 35 AD) was a Parthian prince who was king of Armenia during 35 AD.
Arsaces I was the first-born son of King Artabanus II of Parthia by a wife whose name is unknown. After t ...
35 AD
*
Orodes of Armenia
Orodes of Armenia (flourished 1st century) was a Parthian prince who served as a Roman client king of Armenia in 35 and from again 37 until 42. Orodes was the second born son of King Artabanus II of Parthia by a wife whose name is unknown. He w ...
35 AD
*
Mithridates of Armenia
Mithridates of Armenia () was a Pharnavazid prince of the Kingdom of Iberia who served as a King of Armenia under the protection of the Roman Empire.
Mithridates was installed by Roman emperor Tiberius, who invaded Armenia in AD 35. When the ...
35-37 AD
*
Orodes of Armenia
Orodes of Armenia (flourished 1st century) was a Parthian prince who served as a Roman client king of Armenia in 35 and from again 37 until 42. Orodes was the second born son of King Artabanus II of Parthia by a wife whose name is unknown. He w ...
37-42 AD
*
Mithridates of Armenia
Mithridates of Armenia () was a Pharnavazid prince of the Kingdom of Iberia who served as a King of Armenia under the protection of the Roman Empire.
Mithridates was installed by Roman emperor Tiberius, who invaded Armenia in AD 35. When the ...
42-51 AD
*
Tiridates I of Armenia
Tiridates I (, ; , ) was Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), King of Armenia beginning in 53 AD and the founder of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia. The dates of his birth and death are unknown. His early reign was marked by a brief interruption toward ...
52–58 AD
*
Tigranes VI of Armenia
Tigranes VI, also known as Tigran VI or by his Roman name Gaius Julius Tigranes (, before 25 – after 68) was a Herodian prince and served as a Roman client king of Armenia in the 1st century.
He was the child born to Alexander by an unnamed ...
Vologases III of Parthia
Vologases III ( ''Walagash'') was king of the Parthian Empire from 110 to 147. He was the son and successor of Pacorus II ().
Vologases III's reign was marked by civil strife and warfare. At his ascension, he had to deal with the usurper Osroes ...
117-144 AD
*
Sohaemus of Armenia
Gaius Julius SohaemusBirley, ''Septimius Severus: the African emperor'', p.224 (; died 180) was a Roman client king of Armenia.
Life
Sohaemus, a prominent person in the Roman Empire in the 2nd century, was from the Orontid dynasty of Commagen ...
Sohaemus of Armenia
Gaius Julius SohaemusBirley, ''Septimius Severus: the African emperor'', p.224 (; died 180) was a Roman client king of Armenia.
Life
Sohaemus, a prominent person in the Roman Empire in the 2nd century, was from the Orontid dynasty of Commagen ...
Tiridates II of Armenia
Tiridates II, flourished second half of the 2nd century - died 252), known in Armenian sources as Khosrov, was an Arsacid Prince who served as a Roman Client King of Armenia. Tiridates II was the son and heir of Khosrov I, king of Armenia.
Betw ...
Tiran of Armenia
Tiran (died ) was an Arsacid king of Armenia in the second quarter of the fourth century. The chronology of his reign is problematic, and scholars have proposed different dates for its beginning and end. According to one version, he succeeded h ...
339-350 AD
*
Arshak II
Arshak II (flourished 4th century, died 369 or 370), also written as Arsaces II, was an Arsacid prince who was King of Armenia from 350 (338/339 according to some scholars) until . Although Arshak's reign opened with a period of peace and stabil ...
350-368 AD
*
Pap of Armenia
Pap ( – 374/375) was king of Armenia from 370 until 374/375, and a member of the Arsacid dynasty. His reign saw a short, but notable period of stabilization after years of political turmoil. Although Armenia had been conquered and devastated ...
Arshak III
Arshak III, also known as Arsaces III or Arsak III (flourished 4th century) was an Arsacid prince who served as a Roman client king of Armenia from 378 until 387. Arshak III is often known as the last serving Roman client king of Armenia. During ...
and
Vologases of Armenia
Vologases also known as Vologases III and Vagharsh III (flourished 4th century – died 386) was a Prince who served as a Roman Client King of Arsacid Armenia. Vologases served as a co-king with his brother Arsaces III from 378 until 386.
Fami ...
378-386
*
Arshak III
Arshak III, also known as Arsaces III or Arsak III (flourished 4th century) was an Arsacid prince who served as a Roman client king of Armenia from 378 until 387. Arshak III is often known as the last serving Roman client king of Armenia. During ...
387 AD
Kingdom of Sophene
The Kingdom of Sophene (, ), was a Hellenistic-era political entity situated between ancient Armenia and Syria. Ruled by the Orontid dynasty, the kingdom was culturally mixed with Greek, Armenian, Iranian, Syrian, Anatolian and Roman influence ...
*
Tigranes the Younger
Tigranes the Younger was an Artaxiad dynasty, Artaxiad prince, who briefly ruled the Kingdom of Sophene in 65 BC.
Biography
Tigranes the Younger was the son and heir of the Artaxiad dynasty, Artaxiad king of Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Arme ...
Kingdom of Cilicia
The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, also known as Cilician Armenia, Lesser Armenia, Little Armenia or New Armenia, and formerly known as the Armenian Principality of Cilicia, was an Armenian state formed during the High Middle Ages by Armenian ...
Archelaus of Cilicia
Archelaus (; born before 8 BC; died 38 AD) was a Cappadocian princeTacitus, Annals, 6.41 and a Roman client king of Cilicia Trachea and Eastern Lycaonia.Levick, ''Tiberius the Politician'', p.110 He is sometimes called ''Archelaus Minor'' (''Minor ...
17-38 AD
*
Antiochus IV of Commagene
Gaius Julius Antiochus IV Epiphanes (, before 17 AD – after 72 AD), the last king of Commagene, reigned between 38 and 72 as a client king to the Roman Empire. The epithet "Epiphanes" means "the Glorious".
Life
Antiochus was born a prince ...
38-c. 72 AD
*
Gaius Julius Alexander
Gaius Julius Alexander II () was a Herodian Dynasty, Herodian prince who lived in the 1st century and 2nd century in the Roman Empire.
Life
Alexander was of Jews, Jewish, Nabataeans, Nabataean, Edom, Edomite, Greeks, Greek, Armenians, Armenian ...
Antiochus I of Commagene
Antiochus I Theos Dikaios Epiphanes Philorhomaios Philhellen (, meaning "Antiochos, the just, eminent god, friend of Romans and friend of Greeks", ) was king of the Greco-Iranian kingdom of Commagene and the most famous king of that kingdom.
Th ...
Antiochus III of Commagene
Antiochus III Epiphanes (, flourished 1st century BC and 1st century AD) was the ruler of the Kingdom of Commagene from 12 BC to 17 AD. He was the son and successor of King Mithridates III of Commagene and Iotapa, and of mixed Iranian, Armeni ...
12 BC- 17 AD
*
Antiochus IV of Commagene
Gaius Julius Antiochus IV Epiphanes (, before 17 AD – after 72 AD), the last king of Commagene, reigned between 38 and 72 as a client king to the Roman Empire. The epithet "Epiphanes" means "the Glorious".
Life
Antiochus was born a prince ...
38-72 AD
Kingdom of Cappadocia
Cappadocia () was a Hellenistic-era Iranian peoples, Iranian kingdom centered in the historical region of Cappadocia in Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). It developed from the former Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenid Cappadocia (satrapy), satrapy of C ...
*
Ariobarzanes III of Cappadocia
Ariobarzanes III, surnamed ''Eusebes Philorhomaios'', "Pious and Friend of the Romans" (, Ariobarzánēs Eusebḗs Philorōmaíos), was the king of Cappadocia from ca. 51 BC until 42 BC.
He was of Persian and Greek ancestry. The Roman Senate agre ...
51-42 BC
*
Ariarathes X of Cappadocia
Ariarathes X, surnamed ''Eusebes Philadelphos'', "Pious, brother-loving" (, Ariaráthēs Eusebḗs Philádelphos), was the king of Cappadocia from c. 42 BC to 36 BC. He was of Persian and Greek ancestry. His father was King Ariobarzanes II of C ...
42-36 BC
*
Archelaus of Cappadocia
Archelaus (; fl. 1st century BC and 1st century, died 17 AD) was a Roman client prince and the last king of Cappadocia. He was also husband of Pythodorida, Queen regnant of Pontus.
Family and early life
Archelaus was a Cappadocian Greek no ...
Lycomedes of Comana
Lycomedes of Comana (; fl. 1st century BC) was a Bithynian nobleman of Cappadocian Greek descent who ruled Comana, Cappadocia in the second half of the 1st century BC.
Biography
In 47 BC, Lycomedes was probably about 50 years old when he was nam ...
Parthian Empire
The Parthian Empire (), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power centered in ancient Iran from 247 BC to 224 AD. Its latter name comes from its founder, Arsaces I, who led the Parni tribe ...
*
Parthamaspates of Parthia
Parthamaspates was a Parthian prince who ruled as a Roman client king in Mesopotamia, and later of Osroene during the early second century AD. He was the son of the Parthian emperor Osroes I.
Biography
After spending much of his life in Rom ...
Trinovantes
The Trinovantēs (Common Brittonic: *''Trinowantī'') or Trinobantes were one of the Celtic tribes of Pre-Roman Britain. Their territory was on the north side of the Thames estuary in current Essex, Hertfordshire and Suffolk, and included land ...
*
Cunobeline
Cunobeline or Cunobelin (Common Brittonic: *''Cunobelinos'', "Dog-Strong"), also known by his name's Latin form , was a king in pre-Roman Britain from about to about Malcolm Todd (2004)"Cunobelinus
ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman people, Roman civilisation from the founding of Rome, founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, collapse of the Western Roman Em ...
, sectioned by the kingdom, and giving the years the queen was on the throne.
Bosporan Kingdom
The Bosporan Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus (; ), was an ancient Greco-Scythians, Scythian state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, centered in the present-day ...
*Gepaepyris
*
Dynamis
Dunamis (Ancient Greek: δύναμις) is a Greek philosophical concept meaning "power", "potential" or "ability", and is central to the Aristotelian idea of ''potentiality and actuality''.
Dunamis or Dynamis may also refer to:
* Dynamis (Bosp ...
Kingdom of Pontus
Pontus ( ) was a Hellenistic kingdom centered in the historical region of Pontus in modern-day Turkey, and ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin, which may have been directly related to Darius the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty. ...
*
Pythodorida of Pontus
Pythodoris of Pontus (, 30 BC or 29 BC – 38), also spelled Pythodorida (Πυθοδωρίδα), was a Roman client queen of Pontus, the Bosporan Kingdom, Cilicia, and Cappadocia.
Origins and early life
According to an honorific inscription de ...
Antonia Tryphaena
Antonia Tryphaena also known as Tryphaena of Thrace or Tryphaena (Ancient Greek, Greek: Ἀντωνία Τρύφαινα or Τρυφαίνη, 10 BC – 55 AD) was a Kingdom of Pontus, Pontian Princess and a Ancient Rome, Roman Client Queen of Sapa ...
Kingdom of Judea
Kingdom commonly refers to:
* A monarchic state or realm ruled by a king or queen.
** A monarchic chiefdom, represented or governed by a king or queen.
* Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy
Kingdom may also refer to:
Arts and me ...
Berenice (daughter of Herod Agrippa)
Berenice of Cilicia, also known as Julia Berenice and sometimes spelled Bernice (, ''Bereníkē'' or ''Berníkē''; 28 – after 81), was a Jewish client queen of the Roman Empire during the second half of the 1st century. Berenice was a memb ...
British Tribes
Brigantes
The Brigantes were Ancient Britons who in pre-Roman times controlled the largest section of what would become Northern England. Their territory, often referred to as Brigantia, was centred in what was later known as Yorkshire. The Greek geog ...
*
Cartimandua
Cartimandua or Cartismandua (reigned ) was a 1st-century queen of the Brigantes, a Celtic people living in what is now northern England. She is known through the writings of Roman historian Tacitus.
She came to power during the time period that ...
43-69 AD
See also
*
Roman client kingdoms in Britain
The Roman client kingdoms in Britain were native tribes which chose to align themselves with the Roman Empire because they saw it as the best option for self-preservation or for protection from other hostile tribes. Alternatively, the Romans cre ...