Infection_cycle_of_a_Rhinophoridae_fly_in_a_woodlouse_host

Rhinophoridae is a family of

flies Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced ...

(Diptera), commonly known as Woodlouse Flies, found in all

zoogeographic region Zoogeography is the branch of the science of biogeography that is concerned with geographic distribution (present and past) of animal species. As a multifaceted field of study, zoogeography incorporates methods of molecular biology, genetics, mor ...

s except

Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a region, geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern Hemisphere, Eastern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of ...

, but mainly in the

Palaearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth. It stretches across all of Eurasia north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. The realm consists of several bioregions: the Euro-Sibe ...

and

Afrotropic The Afrotropical realm is one of Earth's eight biogeographic realms. It includes Africa south of the Sahara Desert, the majority of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran and extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the island ...

al regions. They are small, slender, black, bristly flies

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

ally close to the

Tachinidae The Tachinidae are a large and variable family of true flies within the insect order Diptera, with more than 8,200 known species and many more to be discovered. Over 1,300 species have been described in North America alone. Insects in this family ...

, although some authors consider them a

sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and t ...

of the

Calliphoridae The Calliphoridae (commonly known as blow flies, blow-flies, carrion flies, bluebottles, greenbottles, or cluster flies) are a family of insects in the order Diptera, with almost 1,900 known species. The maggot larvae, often used as fishing ba ...

. The

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The ...

e are mostly

parasitoid In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable str ...

s of

woodlice A woodlouse (plural woodlice) is an isopod crustacean from the polyphyleticThe current consensus is that Oniscidea is actually triphyletic suborder Oniscidea within the order Isopoda. They get their name from often being found in old wood. ...

beetle Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Endopterygota. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 describ ...

spider Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...

s, and other

arthropod Arthropods (, (gen. ποδός)) are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a Segmentation (biology), segmented body, and paired jointed appendages. Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda. They are distinguished by their jointed limbs and Arth ...

s, and occasionally

snail A snail is, in loose terms, a shelled gastropod. The name is most often applied to land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. However, the common name ''snail'' is also used for most of the members of the molluscan class Gastro ...

s. By 2020, about 33 genera were placed in the family, with a total 177 species. Genera include: *'' Acompomintho''

Villeneuve Villeneuve, LaVilleneuve or deVilleneuve may refer to: People * Villeneuve (surname) Places Australia * Villeneuve, Queensland, a town in the Somerset Region Canada * Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, a Formula One racetrack in Montréal * Villeneuv ...

, 1927 *'' Apomorphyto'' Cerretti, Lo Giudice & Pape, 2014 *'' Aporeomyia'' Pape & Shima, 1993 *'' Axinia'' Colless, 1994 *'' Azaisia''

, 1939 *'' Baniassa'' Kugler, 1978 *'' Bezzimyia''

Townsend Townsend (pronounced tounʹ-zənd) or Townshend may refer to: Places United States *Camp Townsend, National Guard training base in Peekskill, New York *Townsend, Delaware *Townsend, Georgia *Townsend, Massachusetts, a New England town ** Townsend ...

, 1919 *'' Bixinia'' Cerretti, Lo Giudice & Pape, 2014 *'' Comoromyia'' Crosskey, 1977 *'' Kinabalumyia'' Cerretti & Pape, 2020 *'' Macrotarsina'' Schiner, 1857 *'' Malayia'' Malloch, 1926 *'' Marshallicona'' Cerretti & Pape, 2020 *'' Maurhinophora'' Cerretti & Pape, 2020 *'' Melanomyoides'' Crosskey, 1977 *'' Melanophora'' Meigen, 1803 *'' Metoplisa'' Kugler, 1978 *'' Neotarsina'' Cerretti & Pape, 2020 *''

Oplisa ''Oplisa'' is a genus of Fly, flies in the family Calliphoridae. Species *''Oplisa aterrima'' (Gabriel Strobl, Strobl, 1899) *''Oplisa caesia'' (Joseph Villeneuve de Janti, Villeneuve, 1911) *''Oplisa grandiloba'' Kugler, 1978 *''Oplisa hertingi ...

'' Rondani, 1862 *'' Parazamimus'' Verbeke, 1962 *'' Paykullia'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 *''

Phyto Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclude ...

'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 *'' Queximyia'' Crosskey, 1977 *'' Rhinodonia'' Cerretti, Lo Giudice & Pape, 2014 *'' Rhinomorinia''

Brauer Brauer or Bräuer is a surname of German origin, meaning "brewer". Notable people with the name include:- * Alfred Brauer (1894–1985), German-American mathematician, brother of Richard * Andreas Brauer (born 1973), German film producer * Arik ...

& von Bergenstamm, 1889 *'' Rhinopeza'' Cerretti, Lo Giudice & Pape, 2014 *'' Rhinophora'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 *'' Shannoniella''

, 1939 *'' Stevenia'' Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 *'' Tricogena'' Rondani, 1856 *'' Tromodesia'' Rondani, 1856 *'' Trypetidomima''

, 1919 *'' Ventrops'' Crosskey, 1977

References

Further reading