Rhinantheae is a
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...
with less than 20 genera of
herbaceous
Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials.
Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous"
The fourth edition of t ...
plants in the family
Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., ''Pedicularis'', ''Rhinanthus'', ''Striga'') were formerly included in the ...
.
Phylogeny
The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using DNA markers.
Three assemblages can be distinguished in this tribe:
* ''Rhinanthus'' is the sister genus to ''Lathraea'', and then to ''Rhynchocorys''. These taxa are closely related to the core Rhinanteae.
* In the core Rhinantheae, ''Odontites'' sensu lato, including ''Bornmuellerantha'' and ''Bartsiella'', is the sister genus to ''Bellardia'', including ''Parentucellia'' and ''Bartsia canescens'' + ''B. mutica''. These taxa are closely related to ''Hedbergia'' (including ''Bartsia decurva'' + ''B. longiflora'') and ''Tozzia''. In turn, these genera share phylogenetic affinities with ''Euphrasia'', and then with ''Bartsia'' sensu stricto (''Bartsia alpina'').
* ''Melampyrum'' occupies an isolated, deep-branching position.
The median crown age of Rhinantheae was estimated to be ca. 30 Myr.
Systematics
Rhinantheae is defined as the least inclusive
crown clade
In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. ...
that includes ''
Pterygiella nigrescens'', ''
Rhinanthus cristagalli'', ''
Melampyrum pratense
''Melampyrum pratense'', the common cow-wheat, is a plant species in the family Orobanchaceae.
The seed of the plant has an elaiosome, which is attractive to wood ants (''Formica'' spp.). The ants disperse the seeds of the plant when they take ...
'', and ''
Tozzia alpina''.
It comprises 19 genera.
* ''
Bartsia
''Bartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae.
Bartsia grows in damp places, such as marshes and wet meadows, in several parts of the west of England and Wales and in southwest Scotland.
Etymology
''Bartsia'' was name ...
''
* ''
Bartsiella''
* ''
Bellardia''
* ''
Bornmuellerantha''
* ''
Euphrasia
''Euphrasia'', or eyebright, is a genus of about 450 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae (formerly included in the Scrophulariaceae), with a cosmopolitan distribution. They are semi-parasitic on grasses and other ...
''
* ''
Hedbergia
''Hedbergia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants, initially classified in Scrophulariaceae, and now within the broomrape family Orobanchaceae. It contains a unique species, ''Hedbergia abyssinica''. It is an afromontane genus, widespread i ...
''
* ''
Lathraea
''Lathraea'' (toothwort) is a small genus of five to seven species of flowering plants, native to temperate Europe and Asia. They are parasitic plants on the roots of other plants, and are completely lacking chlorophyll. They are classified in th ...
''
* ''
Macrosyringion''
* ''
Melampyrum
''Melampyrum'' is a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae known commonly as cow wheat. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are hemiparasites on other plants, obtai ...
''
* ''
Nothobartsia
''Nothobartsia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae
Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of thes ...
''
* ''
Odontitella''
* ''
Odontites
''Odontites'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae.
Phylogeny
The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters. ''Odontites'' belongs to the core Rhinantheae. It is the sister genus t ...
''
* ''
Parentucellia
''Parentucellia'' is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Orobanchaceae containing about four species. They are known generally as glandweeds. The genus was named for Pope Nicholas V, whose surname was Parentucelli.
Phylogeny
The phyl ...
''
* ''
Pseuodbartsia''
* ''
Pterygiella''
* ''
Rhinanthus
''Rhinanthus'' is a genus of annual hemiparasitic herbaceous plants in the family Orobanchaceae, formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae. Its species are commonly known as rattles. The genus consists of about 30 to 40 species found in ...
''
* ''
Rhynchocorys
''Rhynchocorys'' is a small genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae, formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae.
It is native to Europe, Morocco and Algeria.
Etymology
The genus name ''Rhynchocorys'' derives fro ...
''
* ''
Tozzia
''Tozzia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants within the broomrape family Orobanchaceae. It contains a unique species, ''Tozzia alpina''.
While the plant in its young, vegetative stage is holoparasite, it becomes hemiparasite in its flowe ...
''
* ''
Xizangia''
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3429341
Orobanchaceae
Asterid tribes
Parasitic plants