Raoultella on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
The
Members of genus ''Raoultella'' grow at 10 °C consistent with their recovery from plants, soil, and water, whereas members of ''Klebsiella'' do not grow at 10 °C and are mainly recovered from mammals' mucosae. ''
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
''Raoultella'' is composed of Gram-negative
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall ...
, oxidase-negative, aerobic
Aerobic means "requiring air," in which "air" usually means oxygen.
Aerobic may also refer to
* Aerobic exercise, prolonged exercise of moderate intensity
* Aerobics, a form of aerobic exercise
* Aerobic respiration, the aerobic process of cellu ...
, nonmotile, capsulated, facultatively anaerobic
A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent.
Some examples of facultatively anaerobic bacteria are ''Staphylococcus' ...
rods (formerly designated ''Klebsiella
''Klebsiella'' is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria with a prominent polysaccharide-based capsule.
''Klebsiella'' species are found everywhere in nature. This is thought to be due to distinct sublineages developin ...
'') in the family Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacteriaceae is a large family (biology), family of Gram-negative bacteria. It was first proposed by Rahn in 1936, and now includes over 30 genera and more than 100 species. Its classification above the level of family is still a subject ...
. It is named after the French bacteriologist Didier Raoult
Didier Raoult (; born 13 March 1952) is a retired French physician and microbiologist specialising in infectious diseases. He taught about infectious diseases at the Faculty of Medicine of Aix-Marseille University (AMU), and in 1984, created the ...
... The existence of this genus renders the genus ''Klebsiella
''Klebsiella'' is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria with a prominent polysaccharide-based capsule.
''Klebsiella'' species are found everywhere in nature. This is thought to be due to distinct sublineages developin ...
'' paraphyletic, and it has been repeatedly proposed to consider ''Raoultella'' a junior synonym of ''Klebsiella''.
Description
Members of genus ''Raoultella'' grow at 10 °C consistent with their recovery from plants, soil, and water, whereas members of ''Klebsiella'' do not grow at 10 °C and are mainly recovered from mammals' mucosae. ''Klebsiella oxytoca
''Klebsiella oxytoca'' is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is closely related to ''K. pneumoniae'', from which it is distinguished by being indole-positive; it also has slightly different growth characteristics in that it is able to gro ...
'' is an exception, and a proposal to classify ''K. oxytoca'' in a separate, unnamed genus has been made.
It consists of species '' Raoultella electrica'', ''Raoultella ornithinolytica'', ''Raoultella planticola
''Raoultella planticola'' is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus ''Raoultella''. ''R. planticola'' is quite similar in appearance to ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'' and must be identified based on growth habits or DNA analysis. A number of strain ...
'' and '' Raoultella terrigena''.
In human infections, Raoultella species are generally sensitive to treatment with carbapenem
Carbapenems are a class of very effective antibiotic agents most commonly used for the treatment of severe bacterial infections. This class of antibiotics is usually reserved for known or suspected multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. ...
s. In one series, 92% were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. More than 10% produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
Species
Type species for this genus are: *'' Raoultella electrica'' 1GBT *'' Raoultella ornithinolytica'' ATCC 31898T. *''Raoultella planticola
''Raoultella planticola'' is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus ''Raoultella''. ''R. planticola'' is quite similar in appearance to ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'' and must be identified based on growth habits or DNA analysis. A number of strain ...
'' ATCC 33531T.
*'' Raoultella terrigena'' ATCC 33257T.
Synonym
A phylogenetic tree of ''Klebsiella'', based on a 2.93-Mbp alignment, unambiguously places ''R. ornithinolytica'' sister to ''K. oxytoca'' within the larger ''Klebsiella'' phylogeny and suggests abandoning the genus ''Raoultella'' designation. Robust phylogenetic analyses have repeatedly shown that species classified into this genus are nested in the genus ''Klebsiella
''Klebsiella'' is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria with a prominent polysaccharide-based capsule.
''Klebsiella'' species are found everywhere in nature. This is thought to be due to distinct sublineages developin ...
'', indicating ''Raoultella'' should be abandoned and considered a junior synonym of ''Klebsiella''.
In November 2021, the synonym ''Klebsiella electrica'' is reported "not validly published".
The correct name with a valid nomenclatural
Nomenclature (, ) is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences. The principles of naming vary from the relatively informal conventions of everyday speech to the internationally ag ...
status is ''Raoultella electrica''..
References
Enterobacteriaceae Bacteria genera {{Enterobacterales-stub