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Raoultella
The genus ''Raoultella'' is composed of Gram-negative, Oxidase test, oxidase-negative, Aerobic organism, aerobic, motility, nonmotile, Capsule (microbiology), capsulated, Facultative anaerobic organism, facultatively anaerobic rods (formerly designated ''Klebsiella'') in the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is named after the French bacteriologist Didier Raoult... The existence of this genus renders the genus ''Klebsiella'' paraphyletic, and it has been repeatedly proposed to consider ''Raoultella'' a junior synonym of ''Klebsiella''. Description Members of genus ''Raoultella'' grow at 10 °C consistent with their recovery from plants, soil, and water, whereas members of ''Klebsiella'' do not grow at 10 °C and are mainly recovered from mammals' mucosae. ''Klebsiella oxytoca'' is an exception, and a proposal to classify ''K. oxytoca'' in a separate, unnamed genus has been made. It consists of species ''Raoultella electrica'', ''Raoultella ornithinolytica'', ''Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raoultella Planticola MacConkey Colonies 32
The genus ''Raoultella'' is composed of Gram-negative, Oxidase test, oxidase-negative, Aerobic organism, aerobic, motility, nonmotile, Capsule (microbiology), capsulated, Facultative anaerobic organism, facultatively anaerobic rods (formerly designated ''Klebsiella'') in the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is named after the French bacteriologist Didier Raoult... The existence of this genus renders the genus ''Klebsiella'' paraphyletic, and it has been repeatedly proposed to consider ''Raoultella'' a junior synonym of ''Klebsiella''. Description Members of genus ''Raoultella'' grow at 10 °C consistent with their recovery from plants, soil, and water, whereas members of ''Klebsiella'' do not grow at 10 °C and are mainly recovered from mammals' mucosae. ''Klebsiella oxytoca'' is an exception, and a proposal to classify ''K. oxytoca'' in a separate, unnamed genus has been made. It consists of species ''Raoultella electrica'', ''Raoultella ornithinolytica'', ''Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raoultella Ornithinolytica
The genus ''Raoultella'' is composed of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, aerobic, nonmotile, capsulated, facultatively anaerobic rods (formerly designated ''Klebsiella'') in the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is named after the French bacteriologist Didier Raoult... The existence of this genus renders the genus ''Klebsiella'' paraphyletic, and it has been repeatedly proposed to consider ''Raoultella'' a junior synonym of ''Klebsiella''. Description Members of genus ''Raoultella'' grow at 10 °C consistent with their recovery from plants, soil, and water, whereas members of ''Klebsiella'' do not grow at 10 °C and are mainly recovered from mammals' mucosae. ''Klebsiella oxytoca'' is an exception, and a proposal to classify ''K. oxytoca'' in a separate, unnamed genus has been made. It consists of species '' Raoultella electrica'', ''Raoultella ornithinolytica'', ''Raoultella planticola'' and '' Raoultella terrigena''. In human infections, Raoultella species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raoultella Planticola
''Raoultella planticola'' is a Gram-negative bacterium of the genus ''Raoultella''. ''R. planticola'' is quite similar in appearance to ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'' and must be identified based on growth habits or DNA analysis. A number of strains have been identified. ''R. planticola'' has been determined to have complicated at least one case of severe pancreatitis. Strains A strain of ''Raoultella planticola'', Cd-1 has been found which grows anaerobically at high aqueous cadmium concentrations and precipitates insoluble cadmium sulfide. This strain has been isolated from reducing salt marsh sediments and may be useful in bioremediation of cadmium from exposed soils. Taxonomic reclassification ''Raoultella planticola'' was formerly classified as part of the genus ''Klebsiella''. It was reclassified along with several other ''Klebsiella'' species in 2001. Genetic modification In the late 1980s ''R. planticola'' was genetically modified by inserting a plasmid from '' Zymomona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raoultella Electrica
''Raoultella electrica'' is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus ''Raoultella''. EOL. Retrieved on 2022-01-15. The type strain of ''R. electrica'' was isolated from anodic biofilms of a microbial fuel cell fed with glucose. Type strains The type- of ''Raoultella electrica'', 1GB is a facultative anaerobic and chemo-organotrophic bacterium, able to have both a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism. It is also able to use a wide variety of sugars as carbon and energy source.Description Bacteria from ''R. electrica'' species are[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raoultella Terrigena
''Raoultella terrigena'' is a Gram-negative bacterial species of the genus ''Raoultella'', previously classified in the genus ''Klebsiella''. It has primarily been isolated from soil and water samples, but rarely from humans. Studies have estimated fewer than 1% of healthy people harbor this species. This species has rarely been shown to cause disease in humans despite expressing many of the virulence factors expressed by other ''Klebsiella'' species such as ''Klebsiella pneumoniae''. Phylogenic comparisons between the 16s rRNA and ''rpoB'' genes of this and other ''Klebsiella'' species have suggested classification into a newer genus, ''Raoultella'', a reclassification that has been adopted. ''R. terrigena'' is considered a factor in melamine toxicity. In culture, ''R. terrigena'' was shown to convert melamine to cyanuric acid Cyanuric acid or 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triol is a chemical compound with the formula (CNOH)3. Like many industrially useful chemicals, this triazine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Didier Raoult
Didier Raoult (; born 13 March 1952) is a retired French physician and microbiologist specialising in infectious diseases. He taught about infectious diseases at the Faculty of Medicine of Aix-Marseille University (AMU), and in 1984, created the ''Rickettsia'' Unit of the university. From 2008 to 2022, Raoult was the director of the ''Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes''. He gained significant worldwide attention during the COVID-19 pandemic for vocally promoting hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for the disease, despite the lack of evidence for its effectiveness and the subsequent opposition from NIH and WHO to its use for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Personal life Raoult was born on 13 March 1952 in Dakar, French West Africa (present-day Senegal). Raoult's father, who came from Brittany, was serving there as a military doctor; his mother, originally from Marseille, was a nurse. His family returned to France in 196 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterobacterales
Enterobacterales is an order of Gram-negative, non-spore forming, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria with the class Gammaproteobacteria. The type genus of this order is ''Enterobacter.'' The name Enterobacterales is derived from the Latin term ''Enterobacter'', referring the type genus of the order and the suffix "-ales", an ending used to denote an order. Together, Enterobacterales refers to an order whose nomenclatural type is the genus ''Enterobacter''. Historical Identification and Systematics Enterobacterales was proposed in 2005 under the name "Enterobacteriales". However, the name "Enterobacteriales" was not validated according to the rules of the ''International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes,'' thus it lacked standing in nomenclature, so the name was written in parentheses. "Enterobacteriales" was a monotypic order, containing only the family '' Enterobacteriaceae'', and shared its type genus ''Escherichia''.NCBEnterobacteralesaccessed 9 Mar 2013 The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacteriaceae is a large family (biology), family of Gram-negative bacteria. It was first proposed by Rahn in 1936, and now includes over 30 genera and more than 100 species. Its classification above the level of family is still a subject of debate, but one classification places it in the order Enterobacterales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. In 2016, the description and members of this family were emended based on comparative genomic analyses by Adeolu et al. Enterobacteriaceae includes, along with many harmless Symbiosis, symbionts, many of the more familiar pathogenic bacteria, pathogens, such as ''Salmonella'', ''Escherichia coli'', ''Klebsiella'', and ''Shigella''. Other disease-causing bacteria in this family include ''Enterobacter'' and ''Citrobacter''. Members of the Enterobacteriaceae can be Bacterial taxonomy#Nomenclature, trivially referred to as enterobacteria or "enteric bacteria",as several members live in the intestines of anim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klebsiella
''Klebsiella'' is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria with a prominent polysaccharide-based capsule. ''Klebsiella'' species are found everywhere in nature. This is thought to be due to distinct sublineages developing specific niche adaptations, with associated biochemical adaptations which make them better suited to a particular environment. They can be found in water, soil, plants, insects and other animals including humans. ''Klebsiella'' is named after German-Swiss microbiologist Edwin Klebs (1834–1913). Carl Friedlander described ''Klebsiella'' bacillus which is why it was termed Friedlander bacillus for many years. The members of the genus ''Klebsiella'' are a part of the human and animal's normal flora in the nose, mouth and intestines. The species of ''Klebsiella'' are all gram-negative and usually non-motile. They tend to be shorter and thicker when compared to others in the family Enterobacteriaceae. The cells are rods in shape and general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Facultative Anaerobic Organism
A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism that makes Adenosine triphosphate, ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to Fermentation (biochemistry), fermentation if oxygen is absent. Some examples of facultatively anaerobic bacteria are ''Staphylococcus'' Species, spp., ''Escherichia coli'', ''Salmonella'', ''Listeria'' spp., ''Shewanella oneidensis'' and ''Yersinia pestis''. Certain eukaryotes are also facultative anaerobes, including fungi such as ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' and many aquatic invertebrates such as Nereid (worm), nereid polychaetes. See also * Aerobic respiration * Anaerobic respiration * Fermentation * Obligate aerobe * Obligate anaerobe * Microaerophile References External links Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria {{Bacteria Anaerobic respiration Cellular respiration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beta-lactamase
Beta-lactamases, (β-lactamases) are enzymes () produced by bacteria that provide multi-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams and carbapenems (ertapenem), although carbapenems are relatively resistant to beta-lactamase. Beta-lactamase provides antibiotic resistance by breaking the antibiotics' structure. These antibiotics all have a common element in their molecular structure: a four-atom ring known as a beta-lactam (β-lactam) ring. Through hydrolysis, the enzyme lactamase breaks the β-lactam ring open, deactivating the molecule's antibacterial properties. Beta-lactam antibiotics are typically used to target a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative bacteria are usually secreted, especially when antibiotics are present in the environment. Structure The structure of a '' Streptomyces'' serine β-lactamase (SBLs) is given by . The alpha-beta fold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbapenem
Carbapenems are a class of very effective antibiotic agents most commonly used for the treatment of severe bacterial infections. This class of antibiotics is usually reserved for known or suspected multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. Similar to penicillins and cephalosporins, carbapenems are members of the beta lactam class of antibiotics, which kill bacteria by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, thus inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. However, these agents individually exhibit a broader spectrum of activity compared to most cephalosporins and penicillins. Furthermore, carbapenems are typically unaffected by emerging antibiotic resistance, even to other beta-lactams. Carbapenem antibiotics were originally developed at Merck & Co. from the carbapenem thienamycin, a naturally derived product of '' Streptomyces cattleya''. Concern has arisen in recent years over increasing rates of resistance to carbapenems, as there are few therapeutic options for treating i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
