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RAI – Radiotelevisione italiana (; commercially styled as Rai since 2000; known until 1954 as Radio Audizioni Italiane) is the national
public broadcasting
Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing ...
company of
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
, owned by the
Ministry of Economy and Finance. RAI operates many
terrestrial and
subscription television
Pay television, also known as subscription television, premium television or, when referring to an individual service, a premium channel, refers to Subscription business model, subscription-based television services, usually provided by multichan ...
channels and
radio
Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a tr ...
stations. It is one of the biggest broadcasters in Italy competing with
Mediaset
Mediaset Italia S.p.A., also known as Mediaset, is an Italian-based mass media company which is the largest commercial broadcaster in the country. The company is controlled by the holding company MFE - MediaForEurope. Founded in 1987 by former ...
, and other minor radio and television networks. RAI has a relatively high television audience share of 35.9%.
RAI broadcasts are also received in surrounding countries, including
Albania
Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and share ...
,
Bosnia
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and Pars pro toto#Geography, often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of Southern Europe, south and southeast Euro ...
,
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = " Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capi ...
,
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
,
Malta
Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...
,
Monaco
Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco (french: Principauté de Monaco; Ligurian: ; oc, Principat de Mónegue), is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Lig ...
,
Montenegro
)
, image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Podgorica
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, official_languages = ...
,
San Marino
San Marino (, ), officially the Republic of San Marino ( it, Repubblica di San Marino; ), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino ( it, Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino, links=no), is the fifth-smallest country in the world an ...
,
Slovenia
Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...
,
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
,
Tunisia
)
, image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg
, map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa
, image_map2 =
, capital = Tunis
, largest_city = capital
, ...
and the
Vatican City
Vatican City (), officially the Vatican City State ( it, Stato della Città del Vaticano; la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae),—'
* german: Vatikanstadt, cf. '—' (in Austria: ')
* pl, Miasto Watykańskie, cf. '—'
* pt, Cidade do Vati ...
, and elsewhere on
pay television
Pay television, also known as subscription television, premium television or, when referring to an individual service, a premium channel, refers to Subscription business model, subscription-based television services, usually provided by multichan ...
and some channels FTA across Europe including UK on the Hotbird satellite. Half of RAI's revenues come from
broadcast receiving licence fees, the remainder from the sale of advertising time.
["Basta con il governo padrone, così cambierà la Tv pubblica"](_blank)
Retrieved on 2007-10-10
Italian Ministry of Communications, Retrieved on 2007-10-10 In 1950, RAI became one of the 23 founding members of the
European Broadcasting Union
The European Broadcasting Union (EBU; french: Union européenne de radio-télévision, links=no, UER) is an alliance of Public broadcasting, public service media organisations whose countries are within the European Broadcasting Area or who ar ...
.
Structure
RAI is 99% owned by the Italian Government Ministry of Economy and Finance and is the sole licensee (''Concessionaria in esclusiva'') of the Radio, Television, and Multimedia broadcasting public service. For this reason, the agreement with the Government prescribes a series of rules and guarantees that Rai must follow to ensure a fair public service to the citizens.
Management and Board of Directors are elected by the ruling Parliament through the ''Commissione parlamentare per l'indirizzo generale e la vigilanza dei servizi radiotelevisivi'' (Parliamentary Commission for General address and Supervision of Radio and Television Services) every three years, in agreement with almost all Parliamentary exponents, usually following the political side of the majority and leaving some space for minor roles to minority parties exponents.
Rai is formally a private
joint-stock company
A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's capital stock, stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their share (finance), shares (certificates ...
(''
società per azioni
''Società'' (Italian: ''Society'') was an Italian communist cultural magazine published in Italy between 1945 and 1961.
History and profile
''Società'' was founded as a quarterly magazine in Florence in 1945. The founders were Ranuccio Bianchi ...
'') (although all stocks are state-owned) its company statute precisely describes how the strict relationship with the Republic is, also ruled by different national laws (the most recent one is the 2015 "Riforma della Rai", i.e. the 2015 law n.220.), including the "Testo Unico della Radiotelevisione" (roughly ''Consolidated Law on Radio and Television'').
Rai and broadcasting are supervised by the commission, which rules also economics budgets and main regulations (including public service's electoral segments during electoral campaigns).
History
1924
Unione Radiofonica Italiana (URI) was formed in 1924 with the backing of the
Marconi Company
The Marconi Company was a British telecommunications and engineering company that did business under that name from 1963 to 1987. Its roots were in the Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company founded by Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi in 1897 ...
following a model adopted in other European countries. URI made its inaugural broadcast — a speech by
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 194 ...
(1883–1945) at
Teatro Costanzi
The Teatro dell'Opera di Roma (Rome Opera House) is an opera house in Rome, Italy. Originally opened in November 1880 as the 2,212 seat ''Costanzi Theatre'', it has undergone several changes of name as well modifications and improvements. The pre ...
— on 5 October. Regular programming began the following evening, with a quartet performing
Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn ( , ; 31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio. His contributions to musical form have led ...
's Quartet No. 7 in A major from the Palazzo Corradi. At 21.00
CET
CET or cet may refer to:
Places
* Cet, Albania
* Cet, standard astronomical abbreviation for the constellation Cetus
* Colchester Town railway station (National Rail code CET), in Colchester, England
Arts, entertainment, and media
* Comcast En ...
, Ines Donarelli Viviani announced for the first time: "''URI—Unione Radiofonica Italiana'' Rome station 1RO 425 metres
wavelength
In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.
It is the distance between consecutive corresponding points of the same phase on the wave, such as two adjacent crests, tro ...
. To all those who are listening our greetings, good evening".
Guglielmo Marconi
Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, 1st Marquis of Marconi (; 25 April 187420 July 1937) was an Italians, Italian inventor and electrical engineering, electrical engineer, known for his creation of a practical radio wave-based Wireless telegrap ...
's ''S.A. Radiofono—Società Italiana per le Radiocomunicazioni Circolari'' (Radiofono) held 85% of URI shares and
Western Electric
The Western Electric Company was an American electrical engineering and manufacturing company officially founded in 1869. A wholly owned subsidiary of American Telephone & Telegraph for most of its lifespan, it served as the primary equipment ma ...
's ''Società Italiana Radio Audizioni Circolari'' (SIRAC) held the remaining 15%.
Under the provisions of Royal Decree No. 1067 of 8 February 1923, wireless broadcasting became a state monopoly under the control of the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs; URI was commissioned to provide services for a minimum of six years pursuant to Royal Decree No. 2191 of 14 October 1924 ''"Concessione dei servizi radioauditivi circolari alla Società Anonima Unione Radiofonica Italiana"''. However, when URI's contract expired in 1927, it was succeeded under Royal Decree Law No. 2207 of 17 November 1927 by the partially nationalised
Ente Italiano per le Audizioni Radiofoniche
Ente Italiano per le Audizioni Radiofoniche (EIAR, "Italian Body for Radio Broadcasting") was the public service broadcaster in Fascist Italy and the only entity permitted to broadcast by the government.
History
The company was established in 1 ...
(EIAR), which became ''Radio Audizioni Italiane S.p.A.'' (RAI) with investment from ''Società Idroelettrica Piemontese'' (SIP) in 1944.
1940s
During the reconstruction following
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, much of RAI's early programming was influenced by the "
Reithian" style of the
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC
Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
. The emphasis was on educational content. Programs like ''Non è mai troppo tardi'' and ''Un Viaggio al Po'' introduced people to what life was like in other parts of the country, at a time when most people could not afford to travel.
Over the following years, the RAI made various changes to its services. It reorganized its radio stations in November 1946 into two national networks, ''Rete Rossa'' and ''Rete Azzurra'' ("Red Network" and "Blue Network"). It added the culture-based ''Terzo Programma'' in October 1950. On 1 January 1952 the ''Rete Rossa'' became the ''Programma Nazionale'' (focusing on informational content) and the ''Rete Azzurra'' became the ''Secondo Programma'' (with a greater emphasis on entertainment). The three radio channels eventually became today's
Rai Radio 1
Rai Radio 1 (''Radio Uno'') is an Italian radio channel operated by the state-owned public-broadcasting organisation RAI and specialising in news, sports, talk programmes, and popular music.
History
The channel is the direct descendant of the ...
,
Rai Radio 2
Rai Radio 2 (''radio due'') is an Italian radio channel operated by the state-owned public-broadcasting organization RAI and specializing in talk programmes and popular music from Italy and China.
History
The origins of the channel can be tr ...
, and
Rai Radio 3
Rai Radio 3 (''radio tre'') is an Italian radio channel operated by the state-owned public-broadcasting organization RAI and specializing in culture and classical music. It is currently directed by Andrea Montanari.
Founded on 1 October 1950 a ...
.
1950s
In 1954 the state-owned holding company
Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale
The Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (IRI; English: "Institute for Industrial Reconstruction") was an Italian public holding company established in 1933 by the Fascist regime to rescue, restructure and finance banks and private companies ...
(IRI) became the sole shareholder and URI – now renamed ''RAI—Radiotelevisione italiana'' to reflect its extended responsibilities – finally began a regular television service. On 3 January at 11.00
CET
CET or cet may refer to:
Places
* Cet, Albania
* Cet, standard astronomical abbreviation for the constellation Cetus
* Colchester Town railway station (National Rail code CET), in Colchester, England
Arts, entertainment, and media
* Comcast En ...
, the first RAI television announcer presented the day's schedule, which was broadcast from the service's
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
headquarters and relay stations in
Turin
Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...
and
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
. At 14.30, the first regular programme in Italian television history was broadcast: ''Arrivi e partenze'', hosted by Armando Pizzo and
Mike Bongiorno
Michael Nicholas Salvatore Bongiorno (; May 26, 1924 – September 8, 2009) was an Italian-American television host. After a few experiences in the US, he started working on RAI in the 1950s and was considered to be the most popular host in Ital ...
. The evening's entertainment was a theatre performance, ''L'osteria della posta'', written by
Carlo Goldoni Carlo is a given name. It is an Italian form of Charles. It can refer to:
*Carlo (name)
*Monte Carlo
*Carlingford, New South Wales, a suburb in north-west Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
*A satirical song written by Dafydd Iwan about Prince Char ...
. 23.15 saw the start of the day's concluding programme, ''La Domenica Sportiva'' – the first edition of a weekly series which continues to this day.
2000s
RAI was originally the subsidiary of RAI Holding S.p.A. RAI Holding was absorbed into RAI
as of 1 December 2004, per Article 21 of Law 112/04.
The RAI is governed by a nine-member Administrative Council. Seven of the members are elected by a committee of the
Italian Parliament
The Italian Parliament ( it, Parlamento italiano) is the national parliament of the Italian Republic. It is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1943), the transitiona ...
. The other two (one of which is the President) are nominated by the largest shareholder: the Ministry of Economic Development. The Council appoints the Director-General. The Director-General and the members of the Administrative Council are appointed for a renewable three-year term.
In 2005, the government of
Silvio Berlusconi
Silvio Berlusconi ( ; ; born 29 September 1936) is an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies ...
proposed partial
privatisation
Privatization (also privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector. It is also sometimes used as a synonym for deregulation when ...
of RAI by
selling 20% ownership. This proposal was very controversial, in part because Berlusconi was the head of the leading private broadcaster
Mediaset
Mediaset Italia S.p.A., also known as Mediaset, is an Italian-based mass media company which is the largest commercial broadcaster in the country. The company is controlled by the holding company MFE - MediaForEurope. Founded in 1987 by former ...
. Some critics claimed that
Mediaset
Mediaset Italia S.p.A., also known as Mediaset, is an Italian-based mass media company which is the largest commercial broadcaster in the country. The company is controlled by the holding company MFE - MediaForEurope. Founded in 1987 by former ...
could become the buyer and thus increase its dominant position. However, after the revelation that RAI would lose €80m ($96m, £54m) in 2006, the privatisation plan was suspended in October 2005.
2010s
On 18 May 2010, Raisat received a major upgrade and re-branded with a new logo and a new name. It and all of the sister channels dropped the ''sat'' part from the name and became
Rai YoYo
Rai Yoyo is an Italian free-to-air television channel owned and operated by state-owned public broadcaster RAI – Radiotelevisione italiana. It is the company's television channel for kids, and is known for its programming for children between ...
,
Rai 5
Rai 5 (pronounced ''Rai Cinque'') is an Italian free-to-air television channel owned and operated by state-owned public broadcaster RAI – Radiotelevisione italiana. It was launched on 26 November 2010 replacing Rai Extra. Its programming deals ...
(formerly known as
Rai Extra
Rai Extra was an Italian television channel owned by RAI and broadcast on Digital terrestrial television in Italy.
Initially the channel was called RaiSat Extra. But in 18 May 2010, when Rai rebranded all its channels, the name RaiSat was extingu ...
),
Rai Premium
Rai Premium is an Italian free-to-air television channel that broadcasts reruns of popular fiction and films that were produced by State-owned broadcaster RAI.
Logos
References
Premium
Premium may refer to:
Marketing
* Premium (marketi ...
, and
Rai Movie
Rai Movie is an Italian movie television channel, owned by state-owned television network Rai and broadcast on digital terrestrial television in Italy and on satellite platform Tivù Sat.
The channel was launched in 2003 as ''RaiSat Cinema World ...
(formerly known as
Raisat Cinema
Rai Movie is an Italian movie television channel, owned by state-owned television network Rai and broadcast on digital terrestrial television in Italy and on satellite platform Tivù Sat.
The channel was launched in 2003 as ''RaiSat Cinema World ...
).
On 11 June 2013, RAI was one of the few known European broadcasters to condemn and criticize the closure of Greece's state broadcaster
ERT.
RAI is 99% owned by the Italian Government Ministry of Economy and Finance, so it is said that it broadcasts content that may politically influence people.
Corporate identity
File:Logo of RAI (1954-1983).svg, The Erberto Carboni logo used from 3 January 1954 to 1983
File:Logo of RAI (1983-1988).png, Rai logo from 3 October 1983 to 26 September 1988 (Studio ARA)
File:Logo of RAI (1988-2000).svg, The Giorgio Macchi redesign used from 26 September 1988 to 30 September 2000
File:Logo of RAI (2000-2010).svg, The "butterfly" logo used from 1 October 2000 to 17 May 2010 (Società AReA)
File:Logo of RAI (2010-2016).svg, Rai logo from 18 May 2010 to 11 September 2016 (Società FrameByFrame)
File:Logo of RAI.svg, Current variation of the logo introduced on 12 September 2016
The Alberto Ribera logo was introduced in 1967, however, this did not have significant application except on studios and portable cameras. A second variation of the Carboni logo was introduced in 1977, which was not officially adopted but appeared in some graphics, including that of the time signal.
Controversy
Political fairness and balance between public service and commercial TV market
Rai's broadcasts content and nominees are frequently accused of political influences,
depending both on the nominated management for every channel or news programme, and on the lack of meritocracy in contracts with television personalities, hosts and also technicians, also concerting cachets and salaries. However, many people trying to underline that Rai need to balance political equity and public services with the market rules and competitors. All these issues are still pending and unsolved.
Rai's main channels are culturally considered slightly politically oriented: Rai 1 is liberal or right-centred, Rai 2 is usually more right-oriented, while Rai 3 is typically considered leftist, having the majority of left oriented programmes and hosts
Fabio Fazio
Fabio Fazio (; born 30 November 1964) is an Italian television presenter. After debuting in 1982, he presented many TV programs, including ''Quelli che... il Calcio'', ''Vieni via con me'' and ''Quello che (non) ho''. Since 2003, he presents the ...
,
Bianca Berlinguer
Bianca Maria Berlinguer (; born 9 December 1959 in Rome) is an Italian journalist. She was the director of TG3 from October 2009 to August 2016.
Biography
The first of the four children of the Italian Communist Party leader Enrico Berlinguer an ...
, or the journalistic deep investigation programme ''Report'', famous for its investigations over far-right scandals. This issue in Italy is referred as "lottizzazione" and is yet to be solved.
Political censorship and civil rights advocacy controversies
Rai is frequently subjected to controversies and censorship accusations regarding political matters, especially civil rights and LGBT issues.
The broadcaster was strongly accused in 2008 of cutting the gay love scene of the Oscar-winning movie ''
Brokeback Mountain
''Brokeback Mountain'' is a 2005 American neo-Western romantic drama film directed by Ang Lee and produced by Diana Ossana and James Schamus. Adapted from the 1997 short story of the same name by Annie Proulx, the screenplay was written by O ...
''. Rai initially apologized for the cut, explaining that the cut was due to a pre-cut edition originally planned for the prime-time slot, and wasn't corrected when airing was shifted to the late-night slot. Critics noticed that similar scenes of heterosexual lovers were never cut out before in prime-time and reinforcing the accusation of homophobic censorship.
The company rescheduled a new uncut version of the movie, but this was aired again in an even later time slot, a choice seen as a confirmation of the accusation. Only two years later, the movie aired again with all homosexual sex and kisses cut off. Rai was forced again to apologise, accusing a problem" with the pre-cut edition by the distribution company and a lack of fact-checking by the Rai employee.
In 2011, episode 125 of the German TV Soap ''Um Himmels Willen'' (literally "For Heaven's Sake"), shown in Italy since 2004, was entitled ''Romeo and Romeo'' and due to screen on Rai 1 but was left out in order to "avoid controversy", according to the broadcaster.
In 2016, during the first clear broadcast of the show ''
How to Get Away with Murder
''How to Get Away with Murder'' is an American legal thriller television series that premiered on ABC on September 25, 2014, and concluded on May 14, 2020. The series was created by Peter Nowalk, and produced by Shonda Rhimes and ABC Studios. Th ...
'', on Rai 2, the gay kisses for one of the main characters (portrayed by
Jack Falahee
John Ryan Falahee (born February 20, 1989) is an American actor and singer. On television, he portrayed Connor Walsh on the ABC legal thriller ''How to Get Away with Murder'' (2014–2020) and Frank Stringfellow on the PBS historical drama ''M ...
) were completely cut off. Rai apologized again, stating that the incident was "merely the mistake of an overzealous editor". Criticism on the social media platforms was so strong that Falahee and showrunner
Shonda Rhimes
Shonda Lynn Rhimes (born January 13, 1970) is an American television screenwriter, producer, and author. She is best known as the showrunner—creator, head writer, and executive producer—of the television medical drama '' Grey's Anatomy'', ...
both tweeted against the network "inexcusable" censorship.
Fedez controversy
In 2021, another accusation was made against Rai by famous Italian rapper and
Chiara Ferragni
Chiara Ferragni () (born May 7, 1987) is an Italian blogger, businesswoman, fashion designer and model who has collaborated with fashion and beauty brands through her blog ''The Blonde Salad''.
Biography
Ferragni was born in Cremona in 1987. ...
's husband
Fedez
Federico Leonardo Lucia (born 15 October 1989), known professionally as Fedez (), is an Italian rapper, singer, songwriter, social media personality and businessman. In 2011, he released the albums ''Penisola che non c'è'' and ''Il mio primo di ...
. During the "Concertone del 1 Maggio", a traditional Italian TV broadcast concert in celebration of the
International Workers' Day
International Workers' Day, also known as Labour Day in some countries and often referred to as May Day, is a celebration of labourers and the working classes that is promoted by the international labour movement and occurs every year on 1 May, ...
, the rapper was invited to perform and have a speech on the stage. The rapper honored the entertainment workers affected by the
COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identif ...
and spent half of his speech in support of legislation that would punish violence against women and LGBT people as hate crimes in Italy. During his speech he recalled all the political exponents' hate speech (confirmed by videos or sentenced by court) during the late years and accused Rai 3's executive of trying censoring his speech by order of "superiors" as "this is how it works." Rai immediately denied all accusations and Fedez leaked a recorded audio of the conversation between him and the executives, where managers and hosts (declaring their names and roles to him) tried to censor his speech, by "asking you to adapt to a system that you probably don't get".
After the video was reposted by all national media and web news sites, Rai sued the rapper, while a parliamentary investigation was opened. Fedez replied he was proud and ready to face the court, and he said he was available as a testimony for the Rai's Superior Commission. Fedez's accusation was one of the biggest media scandals of Rai, as not only all political parties took sides in the cause (centre and left in favor of the Rapper, including ex-prime ministers
Giuseppe Conte
Giuseppe Conte (; born 8 August 1964) is an Italian jurist, academic, and politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy, prime minister of Italy from June 2018 to February 2021. He has been the president of the Five Star Movement (M5S) sin ...
and
Enrico Letta
Enrico Letta (; born 20 August 1966) is an Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy from April 2013 to February 2014, leading a grand coalition of centre-left and centre-right parties. Since March 2021, Letta has been secretary ...
, while right and far-right parties in favor of Rai, including
Matteo Salvini
Matteo Salvini (; born 9 March 1973) is an Italian politician who has served as Deputy Prime Minister of Italy and Italian Minister of Infrastructure and Transport, Minister of Infrastructure and Transport since 2022. He has been List of Federal ...
and
Giorgia Meloni
Giorgia Meloni (; born 15 January 1977) is an Italian politician who has been serving as the Prime Minister of Italy since 22 October 2022, the first woman to hold this position. A member of the Chamber of Deputies since 2006, she has led the ...
's colleagues),
but also because Fedez and his wife, fashion blogger
Chiara Ferragni
Chiara Ferragni () (born May 7, 1987) is an Italian blogger, businesswoman, fashion designer and model who has collaborated with fashion and beauty brands through her blog ''The Blonde Salad''.
Biography
Ferragni was born in Cremona in 1987. ...
are the most followed Italians on social media and are very active in social causes and civil rights advocating.
The scandal increased when the parliamentary commission denied a hearing with Fedez, only speaking with Rai's executives. In the very much criticized email answer (which screenshot was published by Fedez on Instagram) the Office of the Commission stated that even if not prohibited by law, it was not custom to invite external people to the Commission investigation. Fedez replied to the email with only three clown emojis, a fact that further angered the far-right politicians.
In July, the new board of Rai was elected, including the CEO and executives; this led to Rai's CEO Fuortes revealing not only the withdrawal of the action in court for failing all the required accusatory elements but also that no legal action was ever meant by the new management. Far-right exponents opened a parliamentary question over the withdrawal. After the CEO's declaration, no other details were said about any apology or agreement with Fedez: nonetheless, the rapper was invited by
Fabio Fazio
Fabio Fazio (; born 30 November 1964) is an Italian television presenter. After debuting in 1982, he presented many TV programs, including ''Quelli che... il Calcio'', ''Vieni via con me'' and ''Quello che (non) ho''. Since 2003, he presents the ...
to the first episode of the new season of his late show.
Following the 2021 controversy, Fedez reinforced some controversy against Rai when he announced he wasn't invited to the 2022 Concertone for the first time.
Budget and unjustified expenses
Rai was investigated and fined (with many executives arrested or fired) for unjustified expenses and suspicious gifts. Frequently It was noticed that dinners, expensive watches and jewellery were all paid by Rai for unknown people outside the company.
In 2022, a new scandal was investigated by the
Guardia di Finanza
The ''Guardia di Finanza'' (G. di F. or GdF) () (English: literal: ''Guard of Finance'', paraphrased: ''Financial Police'' or ''Financial Guard'') is an Italian law enforcement agency under the authority of the Minister of Economy and Finance. ...
surrounding corruption and bribes. At least 5 people in total were arrested, while the investigation is still ongoing.
TV channels
Current channels
In high definition and ultra definition
Due to the broadcasting rights of the free-to-air satellite channels Rai 1, Rai 2, Rai 3 and Rai Sport in some programs, broadcasts outside Italy are encrypted. In particular, it takes part in copyrighted programs (mostly foreign productions) and international sports competitions. In the past, it was encrypted as Discrete in analog satellite television broadcasts due to broadcasting rights outside Italy. Rai channels will not be broadcast due to broadcasting rights on digital platforms outside Italy.
International
Regional
Discontinued channels
*
Rai Azzurri:
UEFA Euro 2004
The 2004 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as Euro 2004, was the 12th edition of the UEFA European Championship, a quadrennial association football, football competition contested by the List of men's national associatio ...
(2004, broadcast using ''Rai Utile'' frequencies)
*
Rai Doc
Rai Doc was an Italian Entertainment TV channel owned by RAI and launched on 1 April 2004 on Digital television in Italy. It had culture-oriented scheduling with programmes dedicated to poetry, arts and movies. It also broadcast Late Night with ...
: cultures, styles (1 April 2004 – 1 June 2007)
*
Rai Extra
Rai Extra was an Italian television channel owned by RAI and broadcast on Digital terrestrial television in Italy.
Initially the channel was called RaiSat Extra. But in 18 May 2010, when Rai rebranded all its channels, the name RaiSat was extingu ...
: generalist (31 July 2003 – 26 November 2010)
*
Rai Festival (broadcast using ''Rai Utile'' frequencies)
*
Rai Futura
Rai Futura was an Italian entertainment TV channel owned by RAI and launched May 30, 2005 on timeshares with Rai Doc.
Scheduling
Its programmes were dedicated to cinema, music, video games, comic books and television, politics, and books.
* ''L33 ...
: technologies, video games, etc. (30 May 2005 – 1 February 2007, broadcast on the same frequences of ''Rai Doc'' at settled times)
*
Rai HD
Rai HD is a group of television channels owned by Italian state-owned broadcaster RAI broadcasting in high-definition.
Rai HD Channels
* Rai 1 HD
* Rai 2 HD
* Rai 3 HD
* Rai 4 HD
* Rai 5 HD
* Rai Movie HD
* Rai Premium HD
* Rai Gulp HD
* Rai ...
(22 April 2008 – 18 September 2016)
*
Rai Med
Rai Med was an Italian television channel owned and operated by RAI.
Overview
Mainly devoted to the Maghreb area, the channel provided Arabic and Italian programming from RAI, including in particular an Arabic dub of the evening edition of TG3. ...
(26 April 2001 – April 2014)
*
Rai Olimpia:
2004 Summer Olympics
The 2004 Summer Olympics ( el, Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004, ), officially the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad ( el, Αγώνες της 28ης Ολυμπιάδας, ) and also known as Athens 2004 ( el, Αθήνα 2004), ...
(2004, broadcast using Rai Utile frequencies)
*
Rai Sport 2
Rai Sport 2 was an Italian sports TV channel, launched on 18 May 2010 by the State-owned RAI television network. It broadcast Italian and international sports events in Italy on DTT channel 58 on Mux ''Rai 2''. It was also available on Sky Italia ...
(18 May 2010 – 5 February 2017)
*
Rai Sport 2 HD (1 August – 19 September 2016, HD version launched for 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games)
*
Rai UniNettuno Sat Uno (1998 – April 2014)
* (2003 – 1 February 2009)
*
Rai Utile
Rai Utile was an Italian TV channel devoted to Italian government and administration, owned by RAI and launched in 2004.
Has shared its frequencies to ''Rai Festival'' during the Festival della canzone italiana in April 2004, to ''Rai Azzurri'' ...
(4 January 2004 – 1 January 2008)
* Rai Widescreen:
1998 FIFA World Cup
The 1998 FIFA World Cup was the 16th FIFA World Cup, the football world championship for men's national teams. The finals tournament was held in France from 10 June to 12 July 1998. The country was chosen as the host nation by FIFA for the ...
(1998–1999)
* Rai On Cultura (IPTV)
* Rai On Fiction (IPTV)
* Rai On Fiction Live (IPTV)
* Rai On News (IPTV)
* Rai On Ragazzi (IPTV)
* Rai On Spettacolo (IPTV)
* Rai On Sport (IPTV)
* (1997–1999)
* (1997–1999)
* or Rai Educational Sat (1997–2000)
* (1 June 1999 – 30 July 2003)
* (1999 – 30 July 2003)
* (2000 – 30 July 2003)
*
RaiSat Gambero Rosso Channel (1999 – 31 July 2009)
* (1 July 1999 – 31 October 2006)
* (1 June 1999 – 31 July 2003)
* (1 November 2006 – 1 August 2009)
*
Salute!
''Salute!'' is Italian satellite television channel, owned by Eurodigital and broadcast by Rai International, free to air on Hot Bird 6 13°E. It is also scheduled to be broadcast in North America and Australia
Australia, officiall ...
(2009–2010)
* (2009–2012)
Radio stations
Current stations
On FM, AM, Satellite, DAB/DAB+, DTT, Filodiffusion, Web:
*
Rai Radio 1
Rai Radio 1 (''Radio Uno'') is an Italian radio channel operated by the state-owned public-broadcasting organisation RAI and specialising in news, sports, talk programmes, and popular music.
History
The channel is the direct descendant of the ...
: news and sports
*
Rai Radio 2
Rai Radio 2 (''radio due'') is an Italian radio channel operated by the state-owned public-broadcasting organization RAI and specializing in talk programmes and popular music from Italy and China.
History
The origins of the channel can be tr ...
: adult contemporary music and talk shows
*
Rai Radio 3
Rai Radio 3 (''radio tre'') is an Italian radio channel operated by the state-owned public-broadcasting organization RAI and specializing in culture and classical music. It is currently directed by Andrea Montanari.
Founded on 1 October 1950 a ...
: classical music and culture
*
Rai Radio 3 Classica
Rai Radio 3 Classica is a radio channel, owned and produced by the Italian State broadcaster RAI, which broadcasts uninterrupted classical music without commercials.
Until August 2015 it was known as Rai Radio FD 5, and before that as FD Auditori ...
: classic and opera music
*
Rai Gr Parlamento: coverage of proceedings in the
Italian Parliament
The Italian Parliament ( it, Parlamento italiano) is the national parliament of the Italian Republic. It is the representative body of Italian citizens and is the successor to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1943), the transitiona ...
*
Rai Isoradio: for
motorway
A controlled-access highway is a type of highway that has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow—ingress and egress—regulated. Common English terms are freeway, motorway and expressway. Other similar terms i ...
users
Regional stations:
*
Rai Südtirol Rai Südtirol is a German-language radio and television service provided by the Italian public-service broadcaster RAI to South Tyrol from its studios in Bozen.
Services
* Rai Südtirol (TV channel)
* Rai Südtirol (radio)
External links
Offici ...
:
German-language
German ( ) is a West Germanic language mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol. It is also a c ...
programmes for the
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
it, Trentino (man) it, Trentina (woman) or it, Altoatesino (man) it, Altoatesina (woman) or it, Sudtirolesegerman: Südtiroler (man)german: Südtirolerin (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title = Official ...
region
*
Rai Radio Trst A
Rai Radio Trst A is an Italian radio station aimed to the Slovenian listeners in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and broadcast by the state broadcaster RAI.
The station is based in Trieste and is available locally on FM, DAB+, satellite Hot Bird and th ...
:
Slovene-language
Slovene ( or ), or alternatively Slovenian (; or ), is a South Slavic language, a sub-branch that is part of the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family. It is spoken by about 2.5 million speakers worldwide (excluding speake ...
programmes for the
Friuli-Venezia Giulia
(man), it, Friulana (woman), it, Giuliano (man), it, Giuliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_t ...
/Furlanija Julijska Krajina region
* : Italian,
Friulian and Slovene language programmes; as Rai Friûl Vignesie Julie (in Friulian) and Rai Furlanija Julijska Krajina (in Slovenian)
Only on Satellite, DAB/DAB+, DTT, Filodiffusion and Web:
*
Rai Radio Tutta Italiana: only Italian music
* : featuring items from the radio archives
* : live music
* : station for children from 2 to 10 years old
* : sports
* : independent music
File:Rai Radio Techete' logo.svg
File:Rai Radio Live logo.svg
File:Rai Radio Kids logo.svg
File:Rai Radio 1 Sport - Logo 2018.svg
File:Rai Radio Indie.svg
Discontinued stations
* (1982 — 1991)
* (1982 — 1991)
* (1982 — 1995)
* (1991 — 1994)
* (1991 — 1994)
*
Rai Italia Radio (1 July 1930 — 31 December 2011)
* (1952 — 2011)
* Radio Rai Sport
* Rai Radio 8 Opera (6 August 2015 — 11 June 2017)
* Rai Radio Indie (first Rai Radio 2 Indie; 18 June 2018 — 16 December 2022)
Divisions and subsidiaries
(Rai Structures) is a news organization internal to Rai, or rather an internal management and division, created in order to independently manage the programs broadcast on the generalist and, in particular, thematic networks. After 2000, Rai reorganized its corporate structure with the creation of specific structures, listed here:
*
Rai Cultura (previously
Rai Educational or
Rai Edu): operates event and documentary channels
*Rai Documentari: documentary productions
*Rai Expo: supporting and making the public aware of the
Expo 2015
Expo 2015 was a World Expo hosted by Milan, Italy. It opened on May 1 at 10:00 CEST and closed on October 31. Milan hosted an exposition for the second time; the first was the 1906 Milan International.
The Bureau International des Expositi ...
event in Milan
*
Rai Fiction
Rai Fiction is an Italian production company founded in 1997. It is owned and operated by ''Radiotelevisione Italiana'' ( RAI), the national broadcasting company of Italy.
The company produces content for RAI's channels. The company produces anim ...
: production company for feature films, TV films etc.
*: the radio
newsroom
A newsroom is the central place where journalists—reporters, editors, and producers, associate producers, news anchors, news designers, photojournalists, videojournalists, associate editor, residence editor, visual text editor, Desk Head, s ...
*: management of thematic channels dedicated to cinema and television series
*:
weather forecasts
Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the conditions of the atmosphere for a given location and time. People have attempted to predict the weather informally for millennia and formally since the 19th centu ...
and reports
*: production of news and information services such as
Televideo (teletext)
Televideo is the teletext service broadcast on all RAI television channels in Italy, and also available in its entirety on the Internet.
Launched in 1984 with 300 pages, today it counts around 900 pages, with 21 separate regional editions for Ra ...
* (1996–2012): overnight TV programming on Rai 1, 2 and 3
*: operates the
Rai Gr Parlamento,
Senato della Repubblica
The Senate of the Republic ( it, Senato della Repubblica), or simply the Senate ( it, Senato), is the upper house of the bicameral Italian Parliament (the other being the Chamber of Deputies). The two houses together form a perfect bicameral sy ...
and
Camera dei deputati
The Chamber of Deputies ( it, Camera dei deputati) is the lower house of the bicameral Italian Parliament (the other being the Senate of the Republic (Italy), Senate of the Republic). The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meani ...
channels
*: transmits broadcasts from the President's
Quirinale Palace
The Quirinal Palace ( it, Palazzo del Quirinale ) is a historic building in Rome, Italy, one of the three current official residences of the president of the Italian Republic, together with Villa Rosebery in Naples and the Tenuta di Castelporzia ...
*: production of radio programs, generally in Rome, and management for the radio division
*
Rai Ragazzi
Rai Kids (called Rai Ragazzi in Italian) is an Italian production company based in Turin. It is owned and operated by ''Radiotelevisione Italiana'' (RAI), the national broadcasting company of Italy.
The company produces shows for children and i ...
: children's programming and production company
*: production of live coverage of sporting events on the three generalist channels (Rai 1, Rai 2, Rai 3) and its own channel of the same name
*
Rai Teche: the broadcast archives
*: transmits broadcasts from the
Vatican
Vatican may refer to:
Vatican City, the city-state ruled by the pope in Rome, including St. Peter's Basilica, Sistine Chapel, Vatican Museum
The Holy See
* The Holy See, the governing body of the Catholic Church and sovereign entity recognized ...
*: production and broadcast of major events
*
TG1
''TG1'' (''Telegiornale 1'') is the flagship television newscast produced by Rai 1, the main channel of state-owned Italian public broadcaster RAI. It is the longest running program in the history of television in Italy as it has been broadcast ...
: production of news and information services on Rai 1
*
TG2
''TG2'' (''TeleGiornale 2'') is the brand for the news programmes of Rai 2, the Italian state-owned television channel. The programmes are shown several times throughout the day — domestically on Rai 2, and across Europe, Africa, Americas, As ...
: production of news and information services on Rai 2
*
TG3
''TG3'' (''TeleGiornale 3'') is the brand for Italian state-owned TV channel Rai 3's news programmes. They are shown domestically and across Europe on Rai 3. The newscasts are aired from Rai's Studios in Saxa Rubra, Rome, Italy, except for the 1 ...
: production of news and information services on Rai 3
*
TGR
''TGR'' (Italian: ''TG Regione'') is the brand for Italian state-owned public broadcasting company Rai's regional news programmes. They are broadcast domestically on Rai Tre and Rai Radio 1. It was launched in 1979 as ''TG3 Regione'', and was k ...
: production of local news and information regional services on Rai 3
File:Rai Cultura - Logo 2018.svg
File:Rai Documentari logo.svg
File:Rai Expo Caterina Stagno.jpg
File:Rai Giornale Radio - Logo 2017.svg
File:Rai Gold - Logo 2019.svg
File:Rai Meteo - Logo 2018.svg
File:Rai News - Logo 2021.svg
File:Logo of RAI Parlamento.svg
File:Rai Quirinale - Logo 2018.svg
File:Rai Sport - Logo 2022.svg, alt=
File:Rai Vaticano - Logo 2018.svg
Related companies
* (1998–): film production company
**
01 Distribution (2000–): film distributor
* (2000–2009): television programs on demand, later replaced by
* (2015–): promotes the marketing rights of the productions
* (1926–): advertising agency
* (1960–2012): production, distribution and marketing in the United States
** (1987–2012)
* (1999–2014): managed the web portals from the rai.it and rai.tv domains
*
RaiSat
RaiSat was a subsidiary of RAI created in 1997 to produce thematic TV channels for satellite television that are now available in IPTV and digital terrestrial television with various providers.
History
Rai Sat was created as external company ...
(1997–2010): subsidiary created to produce thematic TV channels for satellite television
* (1987–2011): promoted the marketing rights of the productions
* (2011–14), previously (1995–2011): radio and television distribution abroad, operated
Rai Italia
Rai Italia is the international English language television service of Rai Internazionale, a subsidiary of RAI, Italy's public national broadcaster. Rai Italia operates a television network that broadcasts around the world via 3 localized feeds. ...
*
Rai Way
Rai Way is an Italian listed company that owns the broadcasting infrastructure of state-owned RAI TV station. Its shares are traded into the FTSE Italia Mid Cap Index.
In 2015, EI Towers launched a hostile takeover bid for €1.2 billion; ho ...
(1999–): broadcasting network for the distribution of the broadcast signal
* (1955–1997): television rights management and marketing
File:Rai Cinema - Logo 2018.svg
File:LOGO-01-2015-colore.png
File:Rai Com - Logo 2018.svg
File:Rai Pubblicità - Logo 2017.svg
File:Rai Net Logo.jpg
File:Rai-Trade-2010.png
File:Rai World.svg
Other services
*: broadcasts television and radio programs throughout the territory of
Alto Adige
it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol
, settlement_type = Autonomous province
, image_skyline =
, image_alt ...
and
Trentino
Trentino ( lld, Trentin), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north. The Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, an autonomous region ...
*
Rai Libri: magazine and broadcast publisher
*Rai Mobilità (TV) and Rai Ondaverde (radio):
traffic reports
Traffic reporting is the near real-time distribution of information about road conditions such as traffic congestion, detours, and traffic collisions. The reports help drivers anticipate and avoid traffic problems. Traffic reports, especially in ...
(known as ''
Onda Verde'') produced by the (Road safety information coordination center)
*
Rai Orchestra: the broadcaster's radio orchestra
*
RaiPlay
RaiPlay is the multimedia portal owned by the Italian national broadcaster RAI replacing Rai.tv since 12 September 2016. It is for watching popular Italian shows such as 'Inspector Montalbano', 'Don Matteo' and many more.
Login and registration, ...
: multimedia platform
**
**
*: produces and broadcasts radio and television programs in Italian and French on the territory of the
Aosta Valley
, Valdostan or Valdotainian it, Valdostano (man) it, Valdostana (woman)french: Valdôtain (man)french: Valdôtaine (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title = Official languages
, population_blank1 = Italian French
...
. There are also broadcasts in the
Valdôtain dialect
Valdôtain (; local dialect: ''Valdotèn'', ''Valdŏtèn'', ''Valdouhtan'') is a dialect of Arpitan (Franco-Provençal) spoken in the Aosta Valley in Italy. It is commonly known as ''patois'' or ''patoué''.
Diffusion
The Aosta Valley represe ...
.
File:Rai Alto Adige - Logo 2018.svg
File:Rai Mobilità - Logo 2018.svg
File:RaiPlay Sound.svg
File:RaiPlay Yoyo.svg
Rai Libri
Rai Libri is the print publishing arm of Rai, headquartered in
Turin
Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...
. They primarily publish magazines and periodicals for news, entertainment, the broadcast industry, and since their beginning, broadcast schedules. They also have published since 1969 the ', the largest Italian dictionary of its kind.
Publishing history
RAI's history in print with the Unione Radiofonica Italiana (URI)'s weekly magazine ''
Radio Orario
''Radiocorriere TV'' (since 1954), formerly ''Radiocorriere'' (1930–1954) and ''Radio Orario'' (1925–1930), is an Italian-language listings magazine, with weekly print editions published in Italy between 1925 and 1995 under the press of RAI ...
'' which debuted in January 1925 and became ''
Radiocorriere'' in 1930. Edizioni Radio Italiana (ERI) was founded in 1949 in Turin, formed entirely from RAI capital to build on ''Radiocorriere''
's success. In 1954 primary ownership was split between RAI and
Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale
The Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (IRI; English: "Institute for Industrial Reconstruction") was an Italian public holding company established in 1933 by the Fascist regime to rescue, restructure and finance banks and private companies ...
(IRI).
[''Annuario RAI 1988 1989'', Torino, Nuova ERI, 1989] That same year ''Radiocorriere'' became ''
Radiocorriere TV
''Radiocorriere TV'' (since 1954), formerly ''Radiocorriere'' (1930–1954) and ''Radio Orario'' (1925–1930), is an Italian-language listings magazine, with weekly print editions published in Italy between 1925 and 1995 under the press of RAI ...
'', which would continue to be published until RAI divested in 1995.
During the 50s and 60s the ERI published ''Classe Unica'', ' and ', and in 1969 the first edition of the ''DOP''. The 80s saw the premiere of the monthlies ''Moda'' (1983) and ''King'' (1987), along with registering a new company name in 1987: Nuova Eri Edizioni Rai-Radiotelevisione Italiana S.p.A., or "Nuova ERI".
Since the 90s RAI/ERI has increasingly focused on publishing books written by its own broadcast stars, both in news and entertainment. In 1995 Nuova ERI closed and reopened in 1997 as "Rai Eri". On 15 October 2018, they renamed to "Rai Libri".
Rai Libri also edits technical publications: ''Elettronica e telecomunicazioni'' since 1946, ''Nuova rivista musicale italiana'' since 1967, and ''Nuova civiltà delle macchine'' since 1957. It produces its own reports on communications and media, with the second edition of the book-and-documentary ''RicordeRai'' released in 2004 in collaboration with
Rai Teche.
''Radiocorriere TV''
RAI (originally URI) had printed its broadcast schedules nearly without interruption starting in 1925 as ''Radio Orario'', then from 1930 as ''Radiocorriere'', then continuously from 1954 as ''Radiocorriere TV'', until RAI divested in 1995.
The magazine was restarted under publisher with a print edition from 1999 to 2008, closing due to poor sales. It reopened in 2012 as an online-only publication, with a handful of special-occasion independent print runs in the intervening years, including 2005 (its 80th anniversary), 2010 (switchover to
DTTV
Digital terrestrial television (DTTV or DTT, or DTTB with "broadcasting") is a technology for terrestrial television in which land-based (terrestrial) television stations broadcast television content by radio waves to televisions in consumers' ...
), and 2011 (150th
anniversary of the unification of Italy). The "Rai Ufficio Stampa
ress office website has meanwhile published programming schedules and television blurbs online since 2011 under the magazine's name. On 3 January 2014, Rai Teche published online the complete 1925–1995 archives of URI/RAI's ''Radio Orario''/''Radiocorriere''/''TV''.
Headquarters and offices
Local offices
* North-West:
Genoa
Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the List of cities in Italy, sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian ce ...
,
Saint Christophe
* North-East:
Bologna
Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nat ...
,
Bolzano
Bolzano ( or ; german: Bozen, (formerly ); bar, Bozn; lld, Balsan or ) is the capital city of the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy. With a population of 108,245, Bolzano is also by far the largest city in South Tyrol and the third la ...
,
Trento
Trento ( or ; Ladin and lmo, Trent; german: Trient ; cim, Tria; , ), also anglicized as Trent, is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy. It is the capital of the autonomous province of Trento. In the 16th centu ...
,
Trieste
Trieste ( , ; sl, Trst ; german: Triest ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital city, and largest city, of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, one of two autonomous regions which are not subdivided into provi ...
,
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...
* Centre:
Ancona
Ancona (, also , ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region in central Italy, with a population of around 101,997 . Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona and of the region. The city is located northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic S ...
,
Florence
Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...
,
Perugia
Perugia (, , ; lat, Perusia) is the capital city of Umbria in central Italy, crossed by the River Tiber, and of the province of Perugia.
The city is located about north of Rome and southeast of Florence. It covers a high hilltop and part o ...
,
Pescara
Pescara (; nap, label= Abruzzese, Pescàrë; nap, label= Pescarese, Piscàrë) is the capital city of the Province of Pescara, in the Abruzzo region of Italy. It is the most populated city in Abruzzo, with 119,217 (2018) residents (and approxim ...
* South:
Bari
Bari ( , ; nap, label= Barese, Bare ; lat, Barium) is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Bari and of the Apulia region, on the Adriatic Sea, southern Italy. It is the second most important economic centre of mainland Southern Italy a ...
,
Campobasso
Campobasso (, ; nap, label= Campobassan, Cambuàsce ) is a city and ''comune'' in southern Italy, the capital of the region of Molise and of the province of Campobasso. It is located in the high basin of the Biferno river, surrounded by Sann ...
,
Cosenza
Cosenza (; local dialect: ''Cusenza'', ) is a city in Calabria, Italy. The city centre has a population of approximately 70,000; the urban area counts more than 200,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of the Province of Cosenza, which has a populati ...
,
Potenza
Potenza (, also , ; , Potentino dialect: ''Putenz'') is a ''comune'' in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata (former Lucania).
Capital of the Province of Potenza and the Basilicata region, the city is the highest regional capital and one ...
* Islands:
Cagliari
Cagliari (, also , , ; sc, Casteddu ; lat, Caralis) is an Italian municipality and the capital of the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name ''Casteddu'' means ''castle''. It has about 155,000 inhabitant ...
,
Palermo
Palermo ( , ; scn, Palermu , locally also or ) is a city in southern Italy, the capital (political), capital of both the autonomous area, autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo, the city's surrounding metropolitan ...
Foreign offices
There are RAI offices in foreign countries, which produce news reports that are broadcast live in Italy. These offices are in:
Brussels
Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...
,
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
,
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...
,
London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
,
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
,
Beijing
}
Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
,
Cairo
Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...
,
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
,
Nairobi
Nairobi ( ) is the capital and largest city of Kenya. The name is derived from the Maasai phrase ''Enkare Nairobi'', which translates to "place of cool waters", a reference to the Nairobi River which flows through the city. The city proper ha ...
,
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
,
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...
, and
Bangkok
Bangkok, officially known in Thai language, Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon and colloquially as Krung Thep, is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. The city occupies in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has an estima ...
.
Finances
Debt level
As March 2015, the RAI has a debt of 442 million and the
Italian Court of Audit
The Court of Audit ( it, Corte dei conti) is an Italian Court of Audit, an Institutions of constitutional importance (Italy), institution of constitutional importance, established by Articles 100 & 103 of the Constitution of Italy, which is among ...
was worried about the size of RAI's debt for the impact that this may have on Italian people, as the company is owned by the state.
Mandatory annual fee on all televisions in Italy
Italians must purchase an annual
television licence
A television licence or broadcast receiving licence is a payment required in many countries for the reception of television broadcasts, or the possession of a television set where some broadcasts are funded in full or in part by the licence f ...
for about €90 every year in order to legally own a TV or HDTV. It is known as ''Canone Rai'', "Rai Tax" because it is used to part-fund the RAI. Since 2016, it is financed through the electricity bill.
See also
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Television in Italy
Television in Italy was introduced in 1939, when the first experimental broadcasts began. However, this lasted for a very short time: when fascist Italy entered World War II in 1940 all transmissions were interrupted, and were resumed in earnest ...
*
Television licensing in Italy
All owners of television equipment or any other equipment able or adaptable so to receive television are required by Italian law to have a television licence. The licence is used to part-fund the Italian public service broadcaster RAI. The licence ...
*
Prix Italia
The Prix Italia is an international Television, Radio-broadcasting and Web award. It was established in 1948 by RAI – Radiotelevisione Italiana (in 1948, RAI had the denomination RAI – Radio Audizioni Italiane) in Capri and is honoured with the ...
References
External links
Rai.itRaiPlayRai Expo official multilanguage site, a library of about 1000 videos exploring and explaining "Expo di Milano 2015" theme
{{Use dmy dates, date=July 2020
1924 establishments in Italy
Mass media companies established in 1924
European Broadcasting Union members
Government-owned companies of Italy
Italian brands
Italian-language television networks
Multilingual broadcasters
Publicly funded broadcasters
Television channels and stations established in 1954