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Pullach, officially Pullach i. Isartal, is a municipality in the district of
Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and ...
in
Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total l ...
in Germany. It lies on the
Isar Valley Railway The Isar River Valley Railway (german: Isartalbahn) is a standard gauge and electrified railway in the German state of Bavaria. Originally it was 51.1 km long, running from Munich South station to and was built from 1891 to 1898 in section ...
and is served by the S 7 line of the
Munich S-Bahn The Munich S-Bahn (german: S-Bahn München) is an electric rail transit system in Munich, Germany. " S-Bahn" is the German abbreviation for ''Stadtschnellbahn'' (literally, "urban rapid rail"), and the Munich S-Bahn exhibits characteristics of ...
, at the Großhesselohe Isartalbahnhof,
Pullach Pullach, officially Pullach i. Isartal, is a municipality in the district of Munich in Bavaria in Germany. It lies on the Isar Valley Railway and is served by the S 7 line of the Munich S-Bahn, at the Großhesselohe Isartalbahnhof, Pullach ...
and Höllriegelskreuth railway stations. The headquarters of the intelligence agency of the German government, the
Bundesnachrichtendienst The Federal Intelligence Service (German: ; , BND) is the foreign intelligence agency of Germany, directly subordinate to the Chancellor's Office. The BND headquarters is located in central Berlin and is the world's largest intelligence h ...
(BND), was located in Pullach before the agency moved to Berlin. The new headquarters was completed in 2017 and opened officially in February 2019. Until the move to Berlin, ‘Pullach’ was a
metonym Metonymy () is a figure of speech in which a concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with that thing or concept. Etymology The words ''metonymy'' and ''metonym'' come from grc, μετωνυμία, 'a change of name' ...
for ‘the BND’ just as ‘ Langley’ is for ‘the
CIA The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gathering, processing, ...
’.


Geography

Pullach sits on the western bank of the
Isar The Isar is a river in Tyrol, Austria, and Bavaria, Germany, which is not navigable for watercraft above raft size. Its source is in the Karwendel range of the Alps in Tyrol; it enters Germany near Mittenwald and flows through Bad Tölz, Mu ...
river, just south of Munich.


Neighbouring municipalities

On the opposite bank of the Isar, lies the municipality of Grünwald, Bavaria, with the municipality of Baierbrunn further south. The municipality is bordered to the north by Munich, specifically the suburbs of Solln and Harlaching. The marks the western boundary.


Municipality wards

The municipality of Pullach im Isartal is divided into five separate wards: Gartenstadt, Großhesselohe, Isarbad, Höllriegelskreuth and Pullach.


Gartenstadt

The ward of Gartenstadt developed in the area between Höllriegelskreuth and Pullach, just west of the railway, during the 1920s. The dominant architecture of the area is terraced and detached homes in a more leafy surrounding. The street names typically reflect this type of environment, such as Ahornallee (Acorn Alley) and Tannenstraße (Pine Street). Few of the original houses remain, one such original property can be found at 11, Josef-Heppner-Str.


Großhesselohe

Großhesselohe lies to the north of the municipality, between the city suburb of Solln and the River Isar. The renowned
Waldwirtschaft The Waldwirtschaft is a tavern with a large beer garden just south of Munich. It is situated in the municipality of Pullach in the ward of Großhesselohe on the high bank (fluvial terrace) of the Isar. Sepp Krätz has been the publican since 198 ...
inn sits on the south east edge of the municipality, on the high bank above the River Isar. There is already mention of an estate here from 776. This was acquired in 1301 by the Hospital of the Holy Spirit and was then run by the City of Munich from 1330. The idyllic location, not to mention the locally brewed beer, proved a great draw for the populace of Munich. The operation became part of the Spaten Brewery in 1930.


Höllriegelskreuth

Named after Franz Höllriegel, the stonemason who founded the area, Höllriegelskreuth is mainly an industrial and business area. It is the location of the headquarters for
Sixt Sixt SE is an international mobility service provider with about 2,000 locations in more than 100 countries. Sixt SE acts as a parent and holding company of the Sixt Group, which is internationally active in the business areas of vehicle rental, ...
(car rental) and
Linde Linde may refer to: Places *Lindes and Ramsberg Mountain District, a former district in Sweden, see Lindesberg Municipality * Lipka, Złotów County, a village in Poland, called Linde before World War II Rivers * Linde (Tollense), a river of Meck ...
(chemicals).


Isarbad

This area has a few houses, the remains of a lido and spa (at the foot of the high bank next to the Isar canal), the Isar hydroelectric station and a scattering of other buildings. It is often not considered an independent ward.


Pullach

The ward of Pullach is at the heart of the municipality and it is here that you will find the town hall, the Church of the Holy Spirit, as well as cafés and a few inns and taverns. On the high bank above the Isar, is , now a youth training and activity centre, as well as a
youth hostel A hostel is a form of low-cost, short-term shared sociable lodging where guests can rent a bed, usually a bunk bed in a dormitory, with shared use of a lounge and sometimes a kitchen. Rooms can be mixed or single-sex and have private or shared ...
. Here also are the buildings and land of the German Intelligence Service, which stretch out east of the railway to the Isar and are dissected into two halves by Heilmannstraße.


History

Burial mounds A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds or ''kurgans'', and may be found throughout much of the world. A cairn, which is a mound of stones built ...
found close to the banks of the river in Höllriegelskreuth attest to the existence of a settlement during the Celtic period. The Roman road between
Augsburg Augsburg (; bar , Augschburg , links=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabian_German , label=Swabian German, , ) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, around west of Bavarian capital Munich. It is a university town and regional seat of the ' ...
and
Salzburg Salzburg (, ; literally "Salt-Castle"; bar, Soizbuag, label=Austro-Bavarian) is the fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872. The town is on the site of the Roman settlement of ''Iuvavum''. Salzburg was founded ...
crosses the deep Isar valley just south of Pullach. The area is first mentioned when
Tassilo III, Duke of Bavaria Tassilo III ( 741 – c. 796) was the duke of Bavaria from 748 to 788, the last of the house of the Agilolfings. The Son of Duke Odilo of Bavaria and Hitrud, the Daughter of Charles Martell. Tassilo, then still a child, began his rule as a Fran ...
, gave the estate of Hesinlohe to
Schäftlarn Abbey Schäftlarn Abbey (Kloster Schäftlarn) is a Benedictine monastery on the Isar in Schäftlarn, south of Munich in Bavaria, Germany. History The monastery was founded in 762 by Waltrich, a priest of noble family, on his own land. The monaster ...
in 776. A church, built in Pullach in 806 (other sources suggest 804) is included in the list of ownership drafted for
Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria Arnulf II (birth unknown; died 14 July 937), also known as the Bad (german: der Schlimme), the Evil (''der Böse'') or the Wicked, a member of the Luitpolding dynasty, held the title of Duke of Bavaria from about 907 until his death in 937. He ...
in 1060. Until the
separation of church and state The separation of church and state is a philosophical and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the state. Conceptually, the term refers to the creation of a secular s ...
in Bavaria in 1808, the histories of Pullach and Großhesselohe had been basically separate.


Großhesselohe

Großhesselohe was first mentioned in a declaration by Duke Tassilo III when the area was bequeathed to the newly founded
Tegernsee Abbey Tegernsee Abbey (German Kloster Tegernsee, ''Abtei Tegernsee'') is a former Benedictine monastery in the town and district of Tegernsee in Bavaria. Both the abbey and the town that grew up around it, are named after the Tegernsee, the lake on th ...
. It was then later transferred out of the ownership of Schäftlarn Abbey to the nobles of Baierbrunn. The estate was bought by the Holy Spirit Hospital, Munich in 1301 and the dairy served the needs of the hospital. A church was built for the workers in the dairy and this was later replaced in 1698. The estate transferred to private ownership after the separation of church and state in Bavaria. For a time it was owned by
Maximilian von Montgelas Maximilian Karl Joseph Franz de Paula Hieronymus de Garnerin de la Thuile, Count von Montgelas (german: Maximilian Karl Joseph Franz de Paula Hieronymus de Garnerin de la Thuille Graf von Montgelas; 12 September 1759 Munich – 14 June 1838 ...
and his classically styled palace still stands. Later there were a number of disputes between the Municipality of Pullach and the City of Munich regarding the estate. Ownership of the estate, including the palace, brewery and related concerns, passed to Eduard Woellner I, and later his sons Eduard II and Fritz. The estate had been largely deforested prior to their stewardship, but by 1919 the woodlands had been restored. Eduard II and Fritz Woellner founded the Woellner Property Management Company for exclusive private residences in Großhesselohe in 1925, after which the estate was divided up for sale. Fritz made a gift of around 24000 sq.m of the family holdings to the recently established Großhesselohe Tennis Club and had a clubhouse built to emulate an English country club. He would later be voted in as honorary president of the tennis club. In 1930 the woodland inn was sold to the Spaten Brewery. The chemical factory owner, Eduard I Woellner died in Großhesselohe in 1938 when the remainder of the estate was passed to his sons, Eduard II and Fritz, in trust. In 1939 an area of about 70 hectares, was leased to the authorities through
Martin Bormann Martin Ludwig Bormann (17 June 1900 – 2 May 1945) was a German Nazi Party official and head of the Nazi Party Chancellery. He gained immense power by using his position as Adolf Hitler's private secretary to control the flow of information ...
for a nominal sum. Shortly after this, more or less, compulsory sale, the Bohrmann Estate was built. During the early years of the war, many of the estate buildings, including the brewery were used by the Party. Fritz Woellner's family, including his new born son, Félix, and his elderly widowed mother, were forced to move into Hotel Bittman. The estate was sold to the Gradinger tea manufacturer shortly afterwards. Payment was deferred until after the currency reform was enacted. Ownership of the land was not restored after the war, but rather became the home of, first the Gehlen Organization, and later the
Bundesnachrichtendienst The Federal Intelligence Service (German: ; , BND) is the foreign intelligence agency of Germany, directly subordinate to the Chancellor's Office. The BND headquarters is located in central Berlin and is the world's largest intelligence h ...
. Although the Woellner family were themselves Protestants, they donated land and monies from earlier land-sales to the Roman Catholic Holy Trinity Foundation, which later built a church in 1952. After the war the sale of land continued. The Municipality of Pullach recognized Fritz Woellner as an honorary citizen and renamed the square in front of the train station Woellnerplatz in his honour. Fritz Woellner sold the last large parcel of land to the Tennis Club in 1986. A few smaller areas remain and are used as additional green spaces by the municipality.


Pullach

Pullach was originally an agricultural municipality. First written mention of a church here is to be found in the Konrad Register of 1315, which identifies it as a daughter church of Thalkirchen. The area only had about 250 inhabitants at the end of the 15th century, when the old church was built. The area was clearly not wealthy as the construction was paid for by a number of wealthy patrons from Munich. The population remained around the 200 mark until the middle of the 19th century, when the population suddenly expanded due to industrialization.


From the middle of the 19th century

Pullach became the preferred day trip for the Munich populace with the building of the Bavarian Maximilian's Railway in 1854 and the
Isar Valley Railway The Isar River Valley Railway (german: Isartalbahn) is a standard gauge and electrified railway in the German state of Bavaria. Originally it was 51.1 km long, running from Munich South station to and was built from 1891 to 1898 in section ...
in 1891. To cope with the throngs of visitors, the station had at least 6 platforms. The visitors would promenade en masse along the Isar to the various beer gardens of the
Waldwirtschaft The Waldwirtschaft is a tavern with a large beer garden just south of Munich. It is situated in the municipality of Pullach in the ward of Großhesselohe on the high bank (fluvial terrace) of the Isar. Sepp Krätz has been the publican since 198 ...
inn in Großhesselohe, the Rabenwirt (Raven Tavern) in the local centre, which had at least 5,000 seats, as well as the Bürgerbräu. In conjunction with this development as a tourist location, Pullach became popular as an area for artists. Several villas of this period remain, together with , which was built by
Ludwig von Schwanthaler Ludwig Michael Schwanthaler, later ennobled as Ritter von Schwanthaler (26 August 1802 – 14 November 1848), was a German sculpture, sculptor who taught at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich. Biography Schwanthaler was born in Munich. His famil ...
and is now mainly used as a youth hostel. A lido with spa was built along the bank of the Isar in 1892, though this remained as a working concern only until 1904. A hydro-electric and steam power station was built near Höllriegelskreuth in 1894, and a further hydro-electric power station was built in Pullach in 1901. This laid the foundations for industrialization of the area with the arrival of Lindes Ice Machines (now
the Linde Group Linde plc is a global multinational chemical company founded in Germany and, since 2018, domiciled in Ireland and headquartered in the United Kingdom. Linde is the world's largest industrial gas company by market share and revenue. It serves ...
) and the Munich Electro-chemical Works (now
United Initiators United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two fi ...
). During the period of
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
, Pullach was of importance due to the , a kind of housing estate for the Party elite, and the location of the Führer Headquarters on the land now used by the BND. Pullach was one of the first municipalities in and around Munich to develop a
district heating District heating (also known as heat networks or teleheating) is a system for distributing heat generated in a centralized location through a system of insulated pipes for residential and commercial heating requirements such as space heating ...
system using
geothermal energy Geothermal energy is the thermal energy in the Earth's crust which originates from the formation of the planet and from radioactive decay of materials in currently uncertain but possibly roughly equal proportions. The high temperature and pr ...
, which came online in 2005. Water, which reaches a temperature of 107 °C, is accessed from the
Late Jurassic The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic Period, and it spans the geologic time from 163.5 ± 1.0 to 145.0 ± 0.8 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.Owen 1987. In European lithostratigraphy, the name ...
level, deep beneath the ground. A large anniversary festival was held at the end of July in 2006 to celebrate the area's 1200 years.


Politics


Mayor

Susanna Tausendfreund (
Alliance '90/The Greens Alliance 90/The Greens (german: Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, ), often simply referred to as the Greens ( ), is a Green politics, green List of political parties in Germany, political party in Germany. It was formed in 1993 as the merger of The Greens ...
) was voted in as First Mayor for the municipality. She took over from her predecessor, Jürgen Westenthanner (
Christian Social Union in Bavaria The Christian Social Union in Bavaria (German: , CSU) is a Christian-democratic and conservative political party in Germany. Having a regionalist identity, the CSU operates only in Bavaria while its larger counterpart, the Christian Democratic ...
) in 2014.


Coat of arms

Pullach has had its own coat of arms since 1956. It is made up of three parts: * A beech tree with silver roots against a blue background represents the origins of the municipality's name. * This name dates back to 1160 and the Pullach family whose lineage can be traced back to the nobles of Baierbrunn. The three silver yardsticks on a black background, is the coat of arms of Baierbrunn. * The silver wave represents the Isar. The colours of white and blue represent the continued allegiance of the municipality to the Bavarian State (
History of Bavaria The history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and its formation as a stem duchy in the 6th century through its inclusion in the Holy Roman Empire to its status as an independent kingdom and finally as a large '' Bundesland'' (sta ...
).


Partner towns

The following partnerships exist: *
Pauillac Pauillac (; oc, Paulhac) is a municipality in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. The city is mid-way between Bordeaux and the Pointe de Grave, along the Gironde, the largest estuary in western Europe. Populati ...
in France since 1964. * The region of Baryshivka () and the city of Berezan () in Ukraine since 1990. *
Falkensee Falkensee is a town in the Havelland district, Brandenburg, Germany. It is the most populated municipality of its district and it is situated at the western border of Berlin. History The commune Falkensee was formed in 1923 by the merger of Fa ...
in Germany.


Education

Schools in the community include:Schulen
" Pullach. Retrieved on September 13, 2016. * Grundschule Pullach i. Isartal * Josef-Breher-Mittelschule Pullach i. Isartal (junior high) * (senior high/sixth-form) * Tagesheimschulen Pullach der Erzdiözese München und Freising (secondary schools)


Culture and sights

* Burial mounds dating from the Hallstatt period on the upper bank of the Isar, near Höllriegelskreuth. * The sunken lane along the Isar was a part of the Roman road from Augsburg to Salzburg. It is at the southern end of Pullach. * The , was built between 1480–1490 in the gothic style. * The Chapel of the Holy Trinity, Großhesselohe, was built in 1698 and is within the
Waldwirtschaft The Waldwirtschaft is a tavern with a large beer garden just south of Munich. It is situated in the municipality of Pullach in the ward of Großhesselohe on the high bank (fluvial terrace) of the Isar. Sepp Krätz has been the publican since 198 ...
inn. (Only open upon request) * is now a youth hostel. Its
great hall A great hall is the main room of a royal palace, castle or a large manor house or hall house in the Middle Ages, and continued to be built in the country houses of the 16th and early 17th centuries, although by then the family used the gr ...
and other historical rooms. (Only open to the public during special events) * The old train station of the
Isar Valley Railway The Isar River Valley Railway (german: Isartalbahn) is a standard gauge and electrified railway in the German state of Bavaria. Originally it was 51.1 km long, running from Munich South station to and was built from 1891 to 1898 in section ...
at Großhesselohe, built in 1891. * The old Jesuit high school named after John Berchmans, built in 1925. (Not accessible to the public) * The , built in 1985, is one of the world's highest railway bridges.


Sport

The town's association football club,
SV Pullach The SV Pullach is a German association football club from the town of Pullach, Bavaria. The club's greatest success came in 2013 when it qualified for the southern division of the Bayernliga, the fifth tier of the German football league system. ...
, formed in 1946, experienced its greatest success in 2013, when it won promotion to the
Bayernliga The Bayernliga (English: Bavarian league) is the highest amateur football league and the second highest football league (under the Regionalliga Bayern) in the state of Bavaria (german: Bayern) and the Bavarian football league system. It is one o ...
for the first time.


References

{{Authority control Munich (district)