Pyynikinrinne is a district of

Tampere Tampere ( , , ; sv, Tammerfors, ) is a city in the Pirkanmaa region, located in the western part of Finland. Tampere is the most populous inland city in the Nordic countries. It has a population of 244,029; the urban area has a population o ...

, Finland. It is located west of the

city center A city centre is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city. The term "city centre" is primarily used in British English, and closely equivalent terms exist in other languages, such as "" in Fren ...

. Pyynikinrinne is bordered on the south by the

Pyynikki Esker The Pyynikki Esker (or the Pyynikki Ridge; fi, Pyynikinharju) is the tallest longitudinal esker in the world, located in Pyynikki, Tampere, Finland.Pirkankatu and on the east by Mariankatu. The western boundary of the district is the former border between Tampere and

Pohjois-Pirkkala Nokia () is a town and a municipality on the banks of the Nokianvirta River (part of the Kokemäki River) in the region of Pirkanmaa, some west of Tampere in Finland. The distance to Tampere Airport from Nokia is using road connections when ci ...

municipalities. The neighboring parts of the city are

Pyynikki Pyynikki ( sv, Pynike) is a district and a nature reserve in Tampere, Finland. It is located in the Pyynikinharju ridge, between the city center and the western district of Pispala. Pyynikinharju is the highest esker in the world, rising 85 meter ...

Ylä-Pispala Pispala is a city area 2.5 km from the centre of Tampere, Finland. It is located on the northern slope of Pispalanharju, the highest esker in Finland. Together with Pyynikki, Pispala is widely considered the most beautiful area of Tampere ...

, Amuri, partly

Särkänniemi Särkänniemi (; translates to "Cape of Sandbank") is an amusement park in Tampere, Finland, located in the district by the same name. The park features an aquarium, a planetarium, a children's zoo, an art museum and an observation tower Nä ...

and

Kaakinmaa Kaakinmaa is a district in Tampere, Finland, located in the city center. It includes the area south of Pyynikki Church Park (''Pyynikin kirkkopuisto'') between the Hämeenpuisto park and the Mariankatu street. To the south, the area extends to Et ...

. Pirkankatu, which has long been a highway from the center of Tampere to the western parts of the city, was called the Pirkkala Highway until 1956. The Tipotie road, which once led across the

Tampere–Pori railway The Tampere–Pori railway is a railway running between the cities of Tampere and Pori in Finland. The line carries passenger traffic from Tampere to Pori via five railway stations and continues as a freight line to the Port of Pori. Tampere–P ...

line to the shores of

Lake Näsijärvi A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much larger ...

, diverges from Pirkankatu at the former Tampere City Transport's department

garage A garage is a covered structure built for the purpose of parking, storing, protecting, maintaining, and/or repairing vehicles. Specific applications include: *Garage (residential), a building or part of a building for storing one or more vehicle ...

, also known as ''Rollikkahalli''. A competition was held for the design of the Pyynikinrinne area, which was won in 1903 by architect

Lars Sonck Lars Eliel Sonck (10 August 1870 – 14 March 1956) was a Finnish architect. He graduated from Helsinki Polytechnic Institute in 1894 and immediately won a major design competition for a church in Turku, St Michael's Church, ahead of many esta ...

. The

town plan Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, ...

drawn up by Sonck was confirmed in 1907. The town plan was in line with Art Nouveau ideals: blocks of varying sizes and shapes, streets following terrain and end views of the streets. The building stock of Pyynikinrinne is mainly protected. A particularly interesting object from an architectural point of view is the complex of

villa A villa is a type of house that was originally an ancient Roman upper class country house. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became s ...

s bordering Palomäentie. The oldest surviving building stock on Pyynikinrinne is represented by, among others, Marjatta Hospital (Lambert Pettersson, 1912),Ennen ja nyt: Tällä talolla on monta nimeä ja käyttöä
– ''

Tamperelainen ''Tamperelainen'' (literally translated "Tamperean", meaning person who live in Tampere) is Finland's oldest city newspaper for the free distribution, published in Tampere, Kangasala, Nokia, Lempäälä, Pirkkala and Ylöjärvi. History The fir ...

'' (in Finnish) the Technical School (R. Björnberg, 1912), the Durchman House (Oiva Kallio, 1915) and the Olán House ( Wivi Lönn, 1916). Most of the district was built in the 1920s. The typical Pyynikinrinne Building Type is a two-storey wooden apartment building representing the

classicism Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. In its purest form, classicism is an aesthet ...

of the 1920s. The arm of Pyynikintori was built at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s from taller stone houses, designed by Martti Välikangas, Yrjö Lindegren, Jaakko Tähtinen and Veikko Kallio, among others. Emil Aaltonen museum1

Architect

Bertel Strömmer Bertel Strömmer (11 July 1890, Ikaalinen – 18 April 1962, Tampere) was a Finnish architect. Strömmer worked as Tampere City Architect years 1918–53 and most of his work is located in Tampere. Strömmer designed both private and public bu ...

has had a special influence on the nature of Pyynikinrinne. Strömmer designed a large part of the Pyynikinrinne buildings and partially modified Sonck's town plan. Palomäentie 13 was Strömmer's first plan in his own name. Strömmer lived and kept his office at Palomäentie 22, a building that has since been demolished. Strömmer's surviving works in the Pyynikinrinne district include Pyynikki Sports Field with its

auditorium An auditorium is a room built to enable an audience to hear and watch performances. For movie theatres, the number of auditoria (or auditoriums) is expressed as the number of screens. Auditoria can be found in entertainment venues, community ...

(1922), Kisakentänkatu 10–14 (1924–25), Pyynikki Parish House (1928) and the vocational school (1939). After graduation, the vocational school was the largest public building in Tampere. Other significant buildings in the area include Pyynikinlinna (Jarl Eklund, 1923), Haapanen Villa (Veikko Kallio, 1929),Seija Hirvikallio:
Haapasen huvila, Palomäentie 23, Tampere: Rakennushistoriallinen selvitys
'. Tampereen Tilakeskus Liikelaitos & Arkkitehtitoimisto Seija Hirvikallio, 2014. (in Finnish) Tampere Lyceum High School (Hjalmar Åberg and A. Willberg, 1935), Bishop's Residence (Gunnar Wahlroos, 1936) and Tampere Conservatoire. A special feature is ''Kilometritalo'' (Heikki Tiitola, 1923); this two-story

residential building A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas. Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family resi ...

is 138 meters long. Kilometritalo

Pyynikintori, formerly known as ''Aleksanterintori'' or, familiarly, ''Plassi'',Pyynikintori siirtyy uuteen aikaan – Katso upeat kuvat: Näin ison muutoksen Tampereen merkittävä kauppapaikka on kokenut vuosikymmenten aikana
– ''

Aamulehti (Finnish for "morning newspaper") is a Finnish-language daily newspaper published in Tampere, Finland. History and profile ''Aamulehti'' was founded in 1881 to "improve the position of the Finnish people and the Finnish language" during Russ ...

'' (in Finnish) once served as a

marketplace A marketplace or market place is a location where people regularly gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods. In different parts of the world, a marketplace may be described as a '' souk'' (from the Arabic), ' ...

and a center for horse trade. Domestic animals, including goats, cows, sheep and piglets, were sold at the Heinätori square, which is connected to Pyynikintori. In memory of the market square there is so-called ''Vaakahuone'' building (Lambert Petterson, 1913) between Heinätori and Pyynikintori. Today, Pyynikintori mainly operates as a

bus terminal A bus station or a bus interchange is a structure where city or intercity buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers. While the term bus depot can also be used to refer to a bus station, it generally refers to a bus garage. A bus station is l ...

and

parking area A parking lot (American English) or car park (British English), also known as a car lot, is a cleared area intended for parking vehicles. The term usually refers to an area dedicated only for parking, with a durable or semi-durable surface ...

. The first bus station building in Finland, the western long-distance bus station (Bertel Strömmer, 1929), was built on Pyynikintori. An almost similar building was built for Tampere's eastern long-distance bus station, which was located in the Sori Square near the current bus station. The original station buildings functioned as service stations after the completion of the current Tampere Bus Station (1938) and have since been demolished. The Pyynikki sports field serves as a starting point and goal for women marathon event called ''Likkojen Lenkki'', among other things. The Pyynikki Hall is a national and international venue for several indoor sports,Liikuntapaikat: Pyynikin palloiluhalli
(in Finnish) such as volleyball and basketball. In addition, there is a small sports field along Palomäentie called ''Pikkusantamonttu''. On the Pyynikinrinne, the Tampere Vocational College Tredu operates in three locations: Pyynikintie, Pirkankatu and Santalahdentie. Areas of study emphasize craftsmanship, such as the fashion industry, the

barber A barber is a person whose occupation is mainly to cut, dress, groom, style and shave men's and boys' hair or beards. A barber's place of work is known as a "barbershop" or a "barber's". Barbershops are also places of social interaction and publi ...

-hairdresser line, and the

electrical Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described ...

and construction engineering industry.

See also