Cesare Pugni (; russian: Цезарь Пуни, Cezar' Puni; 31 May 1802 in Genoa – ) was an Italian composer of ballet music, a pianist and a violinist. In his early career he composed operas,

symphonies A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning com ...

, and various other forms of orchestral music. Pugni is most noted for the ballets he composed for Her Majesty's Theatre in London (1843–1850), and for the Imperial Theatres in St. Petersburg, Russia (1850–1870). The majority of his ballet music was composed for the works of the ballet master Jules Perrot, who mounted nearly every one of his ballets to scores by Pugni. In 1850 Perrot departed London for Russia, having accepted the position of ''Premier maître de ballet'' of the St. Petersburg Imperial Theatres at the behest of Carlotta Grisi, who was engaged as ''Prima ballerina''. Cesare Pugni followed Perrot and Grisi to Russia, and remained in the imperial capital even after Grisi's departure in 1853 and Perrot's departure in 1858. Pugni went on to compose for Perrot's successors

Arthur Saint-Léon Arthur Saint-Léon (17 September 1821, in Paris – 2 September 1870) was the '' Maître de Ballet'' of St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet from 1859 until 1869 and is famous for creating the choreography of the ballet ''Coppélia''. Biography He was ...

and

Marius Petipa Marius Ivanovich Petipa (russian: Мариус Иванович Петипа), born Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa (11 March 1818), was a French ballet dancer, pedagogue and choreographer. Petipa is one of the most influential ballet masters an ...

, serving as the Imperial Theatre's official composer of ballet music until his death in 1870. He was also the grandfather of Russian painter Ivan Puni, also known as Iwan Puni and Jean Pougny. Cesare Pugni was one of the most prolific composers of ballet music, having composed close to 100 known original scores for the ballet and adapting or supplementing many other works. He composed myriad incidental dances such as divertissements and variations, many of which were added to countless other works. Of Pugni's original scores for the ballet, he is best known today for ''Ondine, ou La Naïade'', (also known as ''La Naïade et le pêcheur'') (1843); '' La Esmeralda'' (1844); '' Catarina, ou La Fille du Bandit'' (1846); ''

The Pharaoh's Daughter ''The Pharaoh's Daughter'' (russian: Дочь фараона, french: La Fille du pharaon), is a ballet choreographed by Marius Petipa to music by Cesare Pugni. The libretto was a collaboration between Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges and Pet ...

'' (1862); and '' The Little Humpbacked Horse'' (1864). Of his incidental dances, etc., he is most noted for the ''Pas de Six'' from ''La Vivandière'' (also known as ''Markitenka'') (1844); the '' Pas de Quatre'' (1845); ''La Carnival de Venise pas de deux'' (also known as ''Satanella pas de deux'') (1859); the ''

Diane and Actéon Pas de Deux ''Le Roi Candaule'' (en. ''King Candaules'') is a ''Grand ballet'' in four acts and six scenes, with choreography by Marius Petipa and music by Cesare Pugni. The libretto is by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges and is based on the history of ...

'' (1868); and his additional music for the ballet '' Le Corsaire'' (1863 and 1868).

Ballets

La Scala, Milan

*''Il Castello di Kenilworth''. Choreography by Gaetano Gioja. 26 April 1825. *''Elerz e Zulmida''. Choreography by Louis Henri. 6 May 1826. *''L'Assedio di Calais''. Choreography by L. Henri. 15 February 1827. *''Pelia e Mileto''. Choreography by Salvatore Taglioni. 28 May 1827. *''Don Eutichio della Castagna, ossia La Casa disabitata''. Choreography by S. Taglioni. 16 August 1827. *''Agamennone''. Choreography by Giovanni Galzerani. 1 September 1828. *''Adelaide di Francia''. Choreography by L. Henri. 26 December 1829. *''Macbeth''. Choreography by L. Henri. 20 February 1830. *''William Tell''. Choreography by L. Henri. 20 February 1833. *''Monsieur de Chalumeaux''. Choreography by G. Galzerani. 14 January 1834.

Her Majesty's Theatre, London

*''L'Aurore''. Choreography by Jules Perrot. 11 March 1843. *''Les Houris''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 27 April 1843. *'' Ondine, ou la Naïade''. Choreography by J. Perrot and Fanny Cerrito (for the ''Pas de six''). 22 June 1843. *''Hamlet''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 1843 – never premiered. *''Le Délire d'un peintre''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 3 August 1843. *'' La Esmeralda''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 9 March 1844. *''Myrtelde, ou La Nymphe et le papillon''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 1844 – never premiered. *''La Polka'' (incidental dance). Choreography by J. Perrot. 11 April 1844. *'' La Vivandière''. Choreography by

. 23 May 1844. *''Zélia, or La Nymphe de Diane''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 25 June 1844. *''La Paysanne Grande Dame''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 25 July 1844. *''Jeanne d'Arc''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 1844 – never premiered. *''Éoline, ou La Dryade''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 8 March 1845. *''Kaya, ou L'amour voyageur''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 17 April 1845. *''La Bacchante''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 1 May 1845. *''Rosida, ou Les Mines de Syracuse''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon and F. Cerrito. 29 May 1845. *'' Pas de Quatre'' (divertissement). Choreography by J. Perrot. 12 July 1845. *''Diane''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 24 July 1845. *'' Catarina, or La Fille du Bandit''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 3 March 1846. *''Lalla Rookh''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 11 June 1846. The music for the second and third tableaux contained passages based on

Félicien David Félicien-César David (13 April 1810 – 29 August 1876) was a French composer. Biography Félicien David was born in Cadenet, and began to study music at the age of five under his father, whose death when the boy was six left him an impoverish ...

's 1844 symphonic ode '' Le désert''. *''Le Jugement de Paris''. Choreography by Perrot. 23 July 1846. *''Coralia, ou Le Chevalier inconstant''. Choreography by Paul Taglioni. 16 February 1847. *''Méphistophéla''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 1847 – never premiered. *''Théa, ou Le Fée aux fleurs''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 18 March 1847. *''Orinthia, ou Le Camp des Amazones''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 15 April 1847. *''Les Eléments''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 26 June 1847. Music composed jointly with Giovanni Bajetti. *''Fiorita et la Reine des elfrides''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 19 February 1848. *''Les Quatre saisons''. Choreography by J. Perrot. 13 June 1848. *''Electra, ou La Pléiade perdue''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 17 April 1849. *''La Prima Ballerina, ou L'embuscade''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 14 June 1849. *''Les Plaisirs de l'hiver, ou Les Patineurs''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 5 July 1848. *''Les Métamorphoses'' (also known as ''Satanella''). Choreography by P. Taglioni. 12 March 1850. *''Les Graces''. Choreography by P. Taglioni. 2 May 1850. *''Les Délices du sérail''. Choreography by Louis François Gosselin. 15 July 1850.

The Paris Opéra

*''

La Fille de marbre ''La Fille de marbre'' is a ballet-pantomime in 2 acts by Arthur Saint-Léon, with music by Cesare Pugni, premiered on 20 October 1847 at the Opéra de Paris. The main roles were held by Fanny Cerrito and Arthur Saint-Léon, who were making their ...

'' (Paris production of Perrot's ''Alma''). Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Music by Michael Costa, adapted by Pugni. 20 October 1847. *'' La Vivandière'' (revival). Choreography by A. Saint-Léon, with Pugni adapting his original score. 20 October 1848. *''Le Violon du diable'' (new version of Saint-Léon's ''Tartini il Violinista'', originally staged for the Teatro La Fenice in Venice on 29 February 1848 with music

Giovanni Felis Giovanni may refer to: * Giovanni (name), an Italian male given name and surname * Giovanni (meteorology), a Web interface for users to analyze NASA's gridded data * ''Don Giovanni'', a 1787 opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, based on the legend of ...

with Saint-Léon composing the violin solos). Choreography by A. Saint-Léon, with Pugni adapting Felis and Saint-Léon's score. 19 January 1849. *''Stella, ou Les Contrebandiers''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. 22 February 1850. *'' Le Marché des Innocents'' (Paris production of ''Le Marché des parisien''). Choreography by Marius Petipa and Lucien Petipa. 29 May 1861. *''Diavolina'' (Paris production of ''Graziela, ou Les Dépits amoureux''). Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. 6 July 1863. Pugni utilized a suite of traditional Neapolitan airs called ''Passatempi Musicali'' for this score, as well as the ''Chasse aux Hirondelles'' by composer Maximilien Graziani.

Works for other theatres

*''Le Fucine di Norvegia'' (5 acts). Choreography by

Giacomo Piglia Giacomo is an Italian name. It is the Italian version of the Hebrew name Jacob. People * Giacomo (name), including a list of people with the name Other uses * Giacomo (horse) Giacomo (foaled February 16, 2002 in Kentucky) is a champion American ...

Teatro Ducale Teatro Regio di Parma, originally constructed as the Nuovo Teatro Ducale (New Ducal Theatre),Martini, "Before the Teatro Regio", pp. 56 is an opera house and opera company in Parma, Italy. Replacing an obsolete house, the new Ducale achieved pro ...

, Parma. 26 December 1826. *''La Dernière heure d'un condamné''. Choreography by L. Henry. Théâtre Nautique, Paris. Circa 1834–1835. *''La Ricompensa dell'amore spontaneo''. Choreography by G. Galzerani. Theatre unknown, Paris. C. 1830–1835. *''Liacone''. Choreography by L. Henry. Teatro di San Carlo, Naples. 4 September 1836. *''Don Zeffiro''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Théâtre Italien, Paris. 26 April 1865. *''Gli Elementi''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Théâtre Italien, Paris. 19 February 1866.

Imperial Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre, St. Petersburg

*''La Guerre des femmes, ou Les Amazons du neuvième siecle''. Choreography by J. Perrot. . *''Gazelda, ou Les Tziganes''. Choreography by J. Perrot. . *''Marcobomba'' (also known as ''El Marcobomba''). Choreography by J. Perrot, M. Petipa and J. Petipa. . *''Armida''. Choreography by J. Perrot. . *''La Débutante''. Choreography by J. Perrot. . Pugni arranged this score from airs taken from his 1850 adaptation of Adolphe Adam's score for Perrot's ''La Filleule des fées'' (staged in St. Petersburg as ''L'Elève des fées'' in 1850), and his 1852 adaptation of Edouard Deldevez and

Jean-Baptiste Tolbecque Jean-Baptiste is a male French name, originating with Saint John the Baptist, and sometimes shortened to Baptiste. The name may refer to any of the following: Persons * Charles XIV John of Sweden, born Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, was King ...

's score for Mazilier's ''Vert-Vert''. *''La Petite marchande de bouquets''. Choreography by J. Perrot and M. Petipa. . *''L'Ile des muets''. Choreography by J. Perrot. Music by Pugni and

Théodore Labarre Théodore François Joseph Berry Labarre (23 March 1805 – 9 March 1870) was a French harpist and composer. He lived in Paris and in London and was awarded the Prix de Rome in 1823 as well as the Légion d'honneur in 1862. Life Labarre was born ...

. . *''

Un Mariage sous la Régence ''A Marriage During the Regency'' (french: Un Mariage sous la Régence, russian: Брак во времена регентства) is a ballet in 2 acts, with libretto and choreography by Marius Petipa and music by Cesare Pugni. The ballet was ...

''. Choreography by M. Petipa. . *''Le Marché des parisien'' (also known as ''Le Marché des innocents''). Choreography by M. Petipa. . *'' Le Dahlia bleu''. Choreography by M. Petipa. . *''Graziela, ou Les Dépits amoureux'' (also known as ''Graziella, ou la Querelle amoureuse''). Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. . Pugni utilized a suite of traditional Neapolitan airs called ''Passatempi Musicali'' for this score, as well as the ''Chasse aux Hirondelles'', all originally written by the composer Maximilien Graziani. *''Les Nymphes et le satyre''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. . *''

''. Choreography by M. Petipa. . *'' La Belle du Liban, ou L'Esprit des montagnes''. Choreography by M. Petipa. . *'' The Little Humpbacked Horse'' (also known as ''La Tsar-Demoiselle''). Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. . *'' Florida''. Choreography by M. Petipa. . *'' Le Roi Candaule'' (also known as ''Tsar Kandavl'' in Russian). Choreography by M. Petipa. . *'' Les Deux étoiles'' (also known as ''Les étoiles'' or ''Les Deux petites étoiles''). Choreography by M. Petipa. .

Other venues in Russia

*'' L'Étoile de Grenade''. Choreography by M. Petipa.

Palace of the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna The Mikhailovsky Palace (russian: Михайловский дворец, tr=Mikhailovskiy dvorets) is a grand ducal palace in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is located on Arts Square and is an example of Empire style neoclassicism. The palace cu ...

. . *'' Terpsichore''. Choreography by M. Petipa. Imperial Theatre of Tsarskoye Selo. . *'' Titania''. Choreography by M. Petipa. Palace of the Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna. . *'' L'Amour bienfaiteur''. Choreography by M. Petipa. Theatre of the Imperial Ballet School. . *'' L'Esclave''. Choreography by M. Petipa. Imperial Theatre of the Hermitage. .

Expanded editions of his own work for the Imperial Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre, St. Petersburg

*''Le rêve du peintre'' (St. Petersburg production of ''Le Délire d'un peintre''). Choreography by J. Perrot. . *''La Esmeralda''. Choreography by J. Perrot,

and F. Elssler. . *''La Naïade et le pêcheur'' (St. Petersburg production of Ondine, ou La naïade''). Choreography by J. Perrot. . *''Le Jugement de Paris''. Choreography by J. Perrot. . *''Markitenka'' (St. Petersburg production of ''La Vivandière''). Choreography by J. Perrot after A. Saint-Léon. . *''La Fille de marbre'' (St. Petersburg production of ''Alma''). Choreography by J. Perrot. Music by M. Costa. . *''Éoline, ou la Dryade''. Choreography by J. Perrot. . *'' La Danseuse en voyage'' (St. Petersburg production of ''La Prima Ballerina, ou L'embuscade''). Choreography by Marius Petipa. .

Adaptations of scores by other composers for the Imperial Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre, St. Petersburg

*''

Léda, ou la Laitière Suisse ''Lydia, the Swiss Milkmaid'' (a.k.a. ''Lydia, ou la Laitière Suisse'', or as ''Natalie, oder Das schweizer Milchmädche'') is a ''Demi-Caractère ballet'' in 2 acts, with choreography by Filippo Taglioni and music by Adalbert Gyrowetz. First p ...

''. Choreography by J. Perrot, M. Petipa and Jean Petipa after Filippo Taglioni. Music by

Adalbert Gyrowetz Vojtěch Matyáš Jírovec (Adalbert Gyrowetz) (20 February 1763 – 19 March 1850) was a Bohemian composer. He mainly wrote instrumental works, with a great production of string quartets and symphonies; his operas and singspiele numbered mo ...

and Michele Carafa. . *''L'Élève des fées'' (revival of ''La Filleule des fées''). Choreography by J. Perrot. Music by Adolphe Adam and Clémence, Comte de Saint-Julien. . *'' La Femme capricieuse'' (St. Petersburg production of ''Le Diable à Quatre''). Choreography by J. Perrot after J. Mazilier. Music by Adolphe Adam. . *''La Belle flamande'' (St. Petersburg production of ''La Jolie Fille du Gand''). Choreography by J. Mazilier after Albert Decombe. Music by Adolphe Adam. . *''Vert-Vert''. Choreography by Joseph Mazilier. Music by Edouard Deldevez and

. . *''Faust''. Choreography by J. Perrot. Music by Giacomo Panizza. . *'' Le Corsaire''. Choreography by J. Perrot and M. Petipa after J. Mazilier. Music by Adolphe Adam. . *''Robert et Bertrand, ou Les Deux voleurs''. Choreography by Felix Kschessinsky after François Hoguet. Music by

Herman Schmidt Herman may refer to: People * Herman (name), list of people with this name * Saint Herman (disambiguation) * Peter Noone (born 1947), known by the mononym Herman Places in the United States * Herman, Arkansas * Herman, Michigan * Herman, Minnes ...

. . *''Jovita, ou Les Boucaniers mexicains''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon after J. Mazilier. Music by

. . *''Saltarello, ou La Dansomanie''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Music by Arthur Saint-Léon. . *'' La Somnambule, ou L'Arrivée d'un nouveau seigneur''. Choreography by M. Petipa after Jean-Pierre Aumer. Music by Ferdinand Hérold. . *'' Pâquerette''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Music by

François Benoist François Benoist (10 September 1794 – 6 May 1878) was a French organist, composer, and pedagogue. Benoist was born in Nantes. He took his first music lessons under Georges Scheuermann. Benoist studied music at the Conservatoire de Paris and ...

. . *''La Perle de Séville''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Music by Santos Pinto. . *''Météora, ou Les Étoiles de Grandville''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Music by Santos Pinto. . *''Théolinda l'orpheline'' (St. Petersburg production of ''Le Lutin de la vallée'') Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Music by Eugène Gautier. . *'' Satanella'' (St. Petersburg production of ''Le Diable amoureux''). Choreography by M. Petipa after Joseph Mazilier. Music by

Napoléon Henri Reber Napoléon Henri Reber (21 October 1807 – 24 November 1880) was a French composer. Life and career Reber was born in Mulhouse, Alsace, and studied with Anton Reicha and Jean François Lesueur, wrote chamber music, and set to music works of Fr ...

and

. . *''La Basilic''. Choreography by A. Saint-Léon. Music by

Massimiliano Graziani Massimiliano is a masculine Italian given name. Notable people with the name include: * Massimiliano Alajmo (born 1974), Italian chef * Massimiliano Allegri (born 1967), Italian footballer and manager *Massimiliano Ammendola (born 1990), Italian f ...

. .

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Pugni, Cesare 1802 births 1870 deaths 19th-century classical composers 19th-century Italian male musicians Saint Petersburg Conservatory academic personnel Italian ballet composers Italian classical composers Italian male classical composers Italian Romantic composers Musicians from Genoa Russian ballet