Providence and Worcester

The Providence and Worcester Railroad is a Class II railroad operating of tracks in Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, as well as New York via trackage rights. The company was founded in 1844 to build a railroad between Providence, Rhode Island, and Worcester, Massachusetts, and ran its first trains in 1847. A successful railroad, the P&W subsequently expanded with a branch to East Providence, Rhode Island, and for a time leased two small Massachusetts railroads. Originally operating on a single track, its busy mainline was double-tracked beginning in 1853, following a fatal collision that year in Valley Falls, Rhode Island.

The P&W operated independently until 1888, when the New York, Providence and Boston Railroad (NYP&B) leased it; the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad obtained the lease in 1892 when it purchased the NYP&B. The P&W continued to exist as a company, as special rules protecting minority shareholders made it prohibitively expensive for the New Haven to outright purchase the company. The New Haven continued to lease the Providence and Worcester for 76 years, until the former was merged into Penn Central (PC) at the end of 1968. Penn Central demanded the shareholder rules keeping P&W alive be rewritten, and also threatened to abandon the company's tracks. In response, a group of P&W shareholders launched a fight with PC, convincing the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to cancel the lease and let the P&W exit the New Haven's merger and go free. Against expectations, the ICC agreed, and following court battles P&W prevailed and began operating independently again after 85 years. Upon regaining its independence, the railroad expanded through purchasing a number of railroad lines from the Boston and Maine Railroad and PC successor Conrail in the 1970s and 1980s. The company turned a profit operating lines bigger companies lost money on, and invested heavily in improving its infrastructure. P&W also absorbed a number of shortline railroads in Connecticut and Rhode Island.

Entering the 1990s, P&W had expanded to several hundred miles of track. However, a number of the company's largest customers shut down or ended rail service during this decade, and the Providence and Worcester responded by pivoting to expanding interchange with other railroads. P&W also signed an agreement to run unit trains of crushed stone from Connecticut quarries to Queens, New York over the Northeast Corridor. In 2016, the Providence and Worcester was purchased by railroad holding company Genesee & Wyoming, without any significant changes to operations.

P&W is headquartered in Worcester, and maintains significant facilities there, in Valley Falls, in Plainfield, Connecticut, and in New Haven, Connecticut. It operates a variety of GE and EMD diesel locomotives to power its trains. P&W serves major ports in New Haven, Providence, and Davisville, Rhode Island (the latter via a connection to switching and terminal railroad Seaview Transportation Company). In addition to the lines it directly owns and operates, P&W freight trains share tracks with Amtrak, Metro-North Railroad, and MBTA Commuter Rail passenger trains on the Northeast Corridor and two Metro-North branches in Connecticut. Key commodities carried by P&W include lumber, paper, chemicals, steel, construction materials and debris, crushed stone, automobiles, and plastics. While the company is primarily a freight railroad, since the 1980s it has occasionally operated passenger excursions, using refurbished passenger cars purchased from Amtrak.

Original Providence and Worcester Railroad

Founding

The Providence and Worcester Railroad was preceded by the Blackstone Canal, which opened between Providence, Rhode Island, and Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1828. While the canal was initially somewhat successful, its owner went bankrupt after the canal was severely damaged by flooding in 1841, and was forced to petition the state of Rhode Island for additional funds. The canal also competed for water with the many mills along the Blackstone Valley, which used water power to operate their machinery. Railroads had begun developing across New England by the 1840s, and in early 1844 a group of Rhode Island citizens petitioned the Rhode Island General Assembly for a charter to build a railroad from Providence to the Massachusetts state line. This group also petitioned the Massachusetts General Court for a charter to build in that state from the state line to Worcester.

The railroad was incorporated in Massachusetts as the Providence and Worcester Railway on March 12, 1844, and in Rhode Island as the Providence and Worcester Railroad in May 1844. The two companies were merged November 25, 1845, as the Providence and Worcester Railroad. The company bought the Blackstone Canal and began construction, partly on its banks, in 1845. The canal was shut down in 1848, shortly after the railroad was completed.

Delays in construction

Local enthusiasm was high for the new railroad, with one Providence resident quoted as saying "t isnot so much what will the projected route add to the prosperity of Providence, as can we do without it?" The city's residents feared that without a railroad to connect their city to others, Providence would be reduced in importance compared to other cities in the region. Despite high local support, in July 1845, the railroad was still short $200,000 ($ in 2021) out of a needed sum of $1,000,000 ($ in 2021) per the company's charter, and had not begun construction. Residents began to doubt the railroad would ever be built, with one citizen writing in a letter to the editor to a local newspaper that "...any hope of its completion, founded upon the present condition of the corporation, is desperate indeed."

By September 1845, residents worried over rumors that investors from Boston were planning to build a new railroad between Woonsocket, Rhode Island, and Dedham, Massachusetts, which would not serve Providence. Despite fears the company would fail, it announced on October 8, 1845, that thanks to additional funding, including a $100,000 ( in 2021) investment by Jacob Little, the requisite $1,000,000 had been reached, plus a further $100,000 for the Massachusetts section of the line, and that construction would begin immediately. The funding was obtained entirely from private sources.

Construction and operations

Construction of the Providence and Worcester Railroad employed a significant number of immigrants, in particular from Ireland. The line opened in two sections, the part south of Millville on September 27, 1847, and the rest on October 20. The line from Providence to Central Falls was shared with the Boston and Providence Railroad, which at the same time built a connection from its old line (ending in East Providence) over to the P&W. Both companies shared the P&W-built Providence Union Station, which opened in 1848; New York, Providence and Boston Railroad trains also served this station. This station was originally planned to be placed over the Great Salt Cove, a large cove in the city; public opposition led by Zachariah Allen convinced the city to preserve the cove and change the station's location.

Construction had been more expensive than anticipated, due both to difficulties encountered in earthworks for the railroad and to relatively high prices for iron and labor from 1845 to 1847, as well as significant investments in a large depot in Providence. Despite this, the company quickly began to make a large profit upon opening, thanks to the significant amount of traffic it carried; this trend would continue for the remainder of the company's independent operations. The opening of the railroad, along with other railroads in the region, spurred an increase in industry in the region; Providence in particular developed significant textile, jewelry, and metals industries. In particular, the P&W, along with the Boston and Providence, was credited with bringing the city of Pawtucket out of an economic downturn. The line linked the communities along its route to the busy railroad junction in Worcester.

In May 1853, the owners of the Norfolk County Railroad were able to purchase a majority of the Providence and Worcester's stock, by paying well above market value for shares. This purchase was an attempt to use the P&W as a means to route more traffic along the Norfolk County Railroad, which was bankrupt as a result of insufficient business, and by consequence increase the value of that company's stock. The efforts of the Norfolk County Railroad culminated in an attempt at a hostile takeover, when shareholders from that railroad tried to add ten new members to the company's board of directors. The company's president and clerk refused to recognize a vote to approve the new directors, defeating the attempt and leaving the stockholders from the "ricketty and bankrupt" Norfolk County Railroad with nothing but $100,000 ($ in 2021) in debt to show for their efforts.

That same year, the worst accident in the company's history occurred in Valley Falls, Rhode Island. Two trains collided head-on, resulting in 14 fatalities. The fallout of this incident was partially responsible for the P&W double tracking its mainline, which began shortly after the accident. This proceeded slowly, and the final section of single track wasn't upgraded until 1885, 32 years later.

The P&W benefited from a general increase in economic activity and shipping during the American Civil War; though little of its freight was directly related to the war effort, the company paid off all its debts and invested $20,000 ($ in 2021) on track improvements in 1864 alone.

Expansion

The Providence and Worcester leased two other railroads: the Milford and Woonsocket Railroad in 1868, and the Hopkinton Railroad, a northward extension of the Milford and Woonsocket, in 1872. Neither company directly connected to any P&W line. Both leases expired in 1883, with the two railroads resuming independent operation that year; the Milford and Woonsocket took over the Hopkinton the following year.

Following an 1872 agreement with the New Jersey Central Railroad and a coal company to build a coal dock near Providence, the company began construction in 1874 on the long East Providence Branch between Valley Falls and East Providence. The branch opened the same year, and provided an alternate routing for coal imports that avoided the use of horses through downtown Providence. The East Providence Branch briefly saw passenger service between 1893 and 1897; it was otherwise exclusively used for freight trains.

End of independence

In February 1888, the New York, Providence and Boston Railroad announced plans to lease the Providence and Worcester Railroad, effective May 1, 1888, subject to approval by shareholders of both companies. The NYP&B agreed to pay $310,000 ($ in 2021) per year, plus up to $50,000 a year in stock-related payments, in exchange for the lease. A member of the special committee appointed by the P&W board of directors, at the vote to ratify the lease, noted that "there were 372 women stockholders, representing 8,975 shares, equivalent at par to $897,500 – a peculiar holding which was not found in any other corporation in the country". Both railroads' stockholders and boards of directors approved the lease, with P&W shareholders unanimously in favor, and in May 1888, the Providence and Worcester ceased to be an independent railroad.

In 1892, the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad (commonly known as the New Haven) gained control of the P&W when it leased the New York, Providence and Boston. The New Haven operated the P&W for the next 77 years.

Under the New Haven

Despite the company's lease, unusual rules about shares and control meant that the New Haven only owned a very small number of shares91 out of 35,000by 1905. That year, the New Haven attempted to get a bill passed in the Rhode Island General Assembly that would allow it to condemn the shares of minority shareholders that owned stock in the companies it leased. Due to significant opposition, most fiercely by the Providence and Worcester Railroad, this attempt was defeated; the bill was amended to require the owning railroad to hold at least 75 percent of a company's shares before condemnation of minority shareholders' shares was possible. This meant that the New Haven could not purchase the P&W unless it was willing to buy 75 percent of the company's shares, securing the P&W's continued existence as a company. These same rules protecting minority shareholders would pave the way for the Providence and Worcester to regain its independence in the future.

Both freight and passenger train traffic were initially strong under New Haven control. Fifteen passenger trains traveled the line each day in 1919, but by 1935 just one passenger train ran each way. The State of Maine Express, which connected New York City and Portland, Maine, began using the P&W route in 1946, adding a second train on the line each way daily. The New Haven began removing the double track on the P&W mainline in the 1950s, and it was reduced to a single track with passing sidings by 1963. Passenger train service on the line was cut back during the 1950s as well; after experimenting with four local trains each way in 1953, the New Haven cut the schedule back to one local round trip per day in 1954; this round trip was also discontinued by 1957. The State of Maine Express ended operations in 1960, leaving no passenger trains on the line.

Plans for regained independence

In the 1960s, a group of Providence and Worcester shareholders began plotting to acquire the company. They recruited Robert H. Eder, a businessman from Providence, to lead their efforts. The group launched three proxy fights to take control; the last one ended in 1966 with Eder as the Providence and Worcester's new president. Two years later, the company incorporated in Delaware, while maintaining the voting rules from the company's original 1844 charter. In 1968, with the New Haven's merger into Penn Central Transportation Company imminent, Eder and the group evaluated their options, including breaking away from the New Haven, allowing the company to be merged into the Penn Central, or seeking to instead be merged into the Norfolk and Western Railway. Though the latter company did not connect to the Providence and Worcester, at that time it was considering a purchase of the Delaware and Hudson Railway.

The new Providence and Worcester Railroad

Separation from Penn Central

The New Haven continued to operate the Providence and Worcester under its lease for nearly 80 years, and the shareholders of the P&W received their dividends, until in 1969 the Penn Central Transportation Company was forced by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to absorb the New Haven, which had been bankrupt since 1961. The Penn Central did not want the P&W, and in October 1968 specifically asked the ICC for it to be excluded from the merger, calling the lease situation "unfair and unreasonable". Despite its objections, and threatening to the ICC that it would abandon the Providence and Worcester's tracks if it were forced to include it in the merger, Penn Central was ordered to assume the New Haven's lease.

The New Haven had purchased a number of the P&W's shares in the three-quarters of a century it had held the lease, holding 28 percent of the company's total shares by the time Penn Central took over. While the New Haven had long tolerated the peculiar rules that kept the P&W alive as a company, the railroad's new lessor was not willing to tolerate them any longer and demanded the voting rules and clauses that heavily restricted its control be rewritten. The same rules that left the New Haven unable to take over the P&W also frustrated the Penn Central, which found itself with only three percent voting power, despite both leasing the company and inheriting the New Haven's portion of the company's shares.

Already displeased with being forced to take over the unprofitable New Haven, Penn Central rapidly began abandoning unprofitable ex-New Haven lines. Included on the list for abandonment was much of the Providence and Worcester mainline, forcing the P&W's shareholders into action to save the company. To do this, they turned to the same government entity that ordered the Penn Central to acquire the New Haven: the Interstate Commerce Commission. On April 6, 1970, the P&W's shareholders asked the ICC to allow their company to exit the merger and become independent. Penn Central was unwilling to allow this to happen, as it wanted both to continue serving large customers near Providence and Worcester and access to the P&W's real estate holdings in Providence, leading to a series of court battles. While the ICC approved the Providence and Worcester's request to resume independent operations on August 25, 1972, the legal fights continued until December 20, 1972, when a federal court ordered the Penn Central to allow the Providence and Worcester to end its lease and assume control of its lines. The lease came to an end on February 3, 1973, with the P&W becoming independent again after 85 years.

Expansion

The newly independent P&W began with of track between its two namesake cities in addition to the East Providence Branch and two isolated Penn Central lines ( from Slatersville to Woonsocket and a branch at Valley Falls) which were transferred as well. For motive power, P&W initially operated a small fleet of five ALCO RS-3 locomotives, plus five cabooses, all leased from fellow Northeastern United States railroad Delaware and Hudson Railway. The Providence and Worcester found its first opportunity for expansion in a recently abandoned line cast off by the Boston and Maine Railroad (B&M). In 1974, P&W purchased this long branch between Worcester and Gardner, Massachusetts from B&M, connecting it with the latter company's main line. Penn Central had not forgotten how the P&W had escaped from its control, and created delays in car interchange between itself and the P&W, until the latter company once again appealed to the ICC for assistance. The new connection with the B&M in Gardner allowed P&W access to a more friendly interchange partner. Almost immediately, the independent P&W was recognized for providing exemplary service to its customers, in direct contrast with Penn Central; in 1974 the Rhode Island Department of Transportation recommended giving sole responsibility for all freight rail in Providence to P&W.

Needing a more permanent solution than its leased ALCOs, P&W first reached out to dominant American locomotive manufacturers GE Transportation and General Motors' Electro Motive Division, but both refused to give the newly independent company quotes for new locomotives. Shunned by American manufacturers, P&W turned to Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW), the Canadian affiliate of ALCO which survived ALCO's dissolution in 1969. MLW saw an opportunity to sell its first locomotives in America, and accepted P&W's order for five new MLW M-420R locomotives, tagging on to an order for 80 M-420s by Canadian National Railway. These new locomotives became the backbone of the Providence and Worcester fleet, and the older RS-3s were given back to the Delaware and Hudson.

The federal government created the United States Railway Association (USRA) in 1974 to manage the formation of Conrail, which was to take over a number of bankrupt railroads in the Northeast, including Penn Central. Penn Central owned a line that connected Worcester to Groton, Connecticut, via Plainfield, Connecticut. The USRA decided to include only the portion between Groton and Plainfield in Conrail, with the remaining portion reverting to its original owner: the Norwich and Worcester Railroad (N&W). The N&W had been leased by a variety of railroads since 1869, but was now independent again, and proposed to resume operating its portion of the line. Seeing an opportunity for expansion, the Providence and Worcester made a bid for the line from Plainfield to Worcester as well, winning the support of Connecticut business groups, unions, and Chris Dodd, at the time a U.S. Representative. The latter stated in January 1974 that it was "extremely questionable whether the Norwich and Worcester has demonstrated the ability to provide even minimal service to eastern Connecticut." The USRA found the arguments of the Providence and Worcester and its supporters that it was in a better position to take over the line on account of its years of profitable operations persuasive, and transferred it to the railroad later that year.

The remaining of the N&W went to Conrail, but the Providence and Worcester was not satisfied with its share of the line and sought to acquire the rest of the line from the newly formed railroad. Conrail initially was unprofitable, and in 1976 the Providence and Worcester approached the company with an offer to buy its 27-mile line between Plainfield and Groton. Conrail was unwilling to give up the line, which was one of its most profitable in the state, leading the Connecticut Department of Transportation to request that the federal government order the line transferred that year. The following year, Conrail was forced to sell the line, due to the law that established the company requiring it to sell lines to any private companies offering a fair price. Despite this, Conrail continued to operate the line while debate continued between the two railroads over what constituted a 'fair price' – Conrail wanted over $3 million, while the Providence and Worcester offered under $1 million. Finally, on May 20, 1980, a federal court announced it was ordering Conrail to sell the line to the P&W for $1.75 million, which the three justices on the court decided was a fair price.

1980s

As P&W expanded its network, the company gave heavy attention to maintenance of way, spending significant funds to improve the condition of lines it purchased, many of which had long suffered from deferred maintenance by previous owners. Both the states served by P&W and the federal government contributed funding to support repairs.

Further expansion came in 1982, when the Providence and Worcester acquired all of Conrail's lines in Rhode Island, along with some in Connecticut. While P&W wanted all of Conrail's lines in Southern New England, it had to compete with the Boston & Maine, at the time in the sights of newly formed Guilford Transportation Industries, which bought significant portions of Conrail's network in Connecticut. The Providence and Worcester objected to allowing Guilford to form a major railroad network in New England, to no avail. The P&W also purchased two shortline railroads in Rhode Island between 1981 and 1982: the Moshassuck Valley Railroad and the Warwick Railway.

In December 1987, the railroad's owner, Capital Properties Inc. of Providence, announced it was divesting the Providence and Worcester, with Capital's shareholders each getting 2 shares of the railroad's stock per share of Capital stock.

1990s

The Providence and Worcester further expanded into Connecticut in 1993, when it purchased Conrail's line between Cedar Hill Yard in North Haven and Middletown. Between November 1993 and June 1994, the railroad improved the line in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Transportation, replacing over 5,000 ties and of rail in a $650,000 project. After the project was complete, its speed limit increased from 10 to 25 miles per hour. The increased speed and frequency of trains concerned some residents along the line, who advocated for the installation of gates and lights at railroad crossings for safety. P&W ultimately bought the Middletown-based shortline Connecticut Central Railroad in 1998, adding a cluster of branch lines in that city to its network.

In the mid-1990s, the railroad suffered a significant reduction in traffic when a number of its major customers closed or relocated. In response, the company focused on expanding interchange traffic with other railroads. The company reached an agreement in 1996 for trackage rights over the Northeast Corridor between New Haven and the New York and Atlantic Railway's Fresh Pond Junction yard in Queens, New York. The Providence and Worcester uses these trackage rights to haul stone between its connection with the Branford Steam Railroad and New York City.

21st century

The Boston Surface Railroad was formed in 2014 with a goal of restoring passenger service on the P&W main line between Providence and Worcester, which was discontinued by the New Haven in 1960. If successful, Boston Surface would contract its train operations out to the Providence and Worcester. Plans for commuter service, with a stop in Woonsocket, were on hold as of 2019, with the Rhode Island Department of Transportation reporting that no substantial progress on launching train operations had been made.

P&W formed an agreement with the New England Central Railroad in 2012 to move Canadian National Railway trains between Canada and southern New England. A similar agreement was signed in 2014 to move Canadian Pacific Railway freight, with Vermont Rail System joining along with NECR. This was made possible by the reopening of a mothballed P&W line between Willimantic and Versailles, Connecticut in 2007, which had been out of service for several decades. P&W trains connect with New England Central at Willimantic via this line.

Shortline holding company Genesee & Wyoming announced in August 2016 that it intended to buy the Providence and Worcester Railroad for $25.00 per share, or approximately $126 million. The acquisition was completed on November 1, 2016, with P&W's shares placed in a trust pending Surface Transportation Board approval. The STB approved the acquisition on December 16, 2016, subject to a condition that G&W not interfere with the ability of Pan Am Railways (via its operating subsidiary Springfield Terminal) to connect with CSX in Worcester. G&W stated that it "does not contemplate any material changes to P&W's operations, maintenance, or service" following the purchase. P&W sold its former headquarters at 75 Hammond Street in Worcester in October 2022, relocating to 381 Southbridge Street, also in Worcester.

In 2019, the Providence and Worcester reopened of track between Hartford and Rocky Hill, known as the Wethersfield Secondary, which had been out of service since 2008. The reopened line provided a more direct route for freight to reach Middletown.

Operations

The Providence and Worcester Railroad is headquartered in Worcester, an important interchange point with CSX Transportation. Other interchange points include:

* Pan Am Southern in Gardner, Massachusetts
* New England Central Railroad in Willimantic, Connecticut
* New York and Atlantic Railway in Queens
* CSX in New Haven
* Housatonic Railroad in Danbury, Connecticut
* Connecticut Southern Railroad in Hartford, Connecticut

Through haulage agreements, the railroad also connects with Canadian National Railway, Canadian Pacific Railway, and Norfolk Southern Railway. As of 2016, P&W served 140 distinct customers on its lines, and had a workforce of 138 employees.

Facilities

P&W's primary maintenance facility for locomotives and railcars is located in Worcester near the company's headquarters building. A secondary facility in Plainfield, Connecticut, is responsible for maintenance of trucks and also houses the company's paint shop for repainting locomotives.

Train operations

As of 2016, Providence and Worcester freight trains are based out of the following locations:

* Worcester: Trains based out of Worcester operate between Gardner, Massachusetts, where P&W connects to Pan Am Southern, and both Plainfield and Davisville, with freight exchanged with the Seaview Transportation Company at the latter location. Local trains based out of Worcester serve facilities in the city, including a significant intermodal yard.
* Plainfield: From Plainfield, P&W operates trains southward to Willimantic, site of a connection with the New England Central Railroad. Another regularly operated train operates between Plainfield and Cedar Hill Yard in North Haven, Connecticut, via Groton, Connecticut.
* Valley Falls: A pair of local freight trains are based in Valley Falls. These serve customers in Rhode Island, particularly the Port of Providence.
* North Haven: P&W leases track space at Cedar Hill Yard from its owners, CSX and Amtrak. Local freight trains based at Cedar Hill operate to Middletown, Connecticut, and the Port of New Haven. Other local freights based here provide freight service for rail-based shippers on Metro-North Railroad's Danbury Branch, and the Waterbury Branch from Derby southward. Cedar Hill is also the base of operations for unit trains of construction aggregate. These trains originate at quarries in Plainfield and Wallingford, Connecticut, as well as an interchange with the Branford Steam Railroad in Branford, Connecticut. Some trains are destined for Tilcon Connecticut facilities in Danbury, Old Saybrook, and Groton, Connecticut, while the remainder travel to Fresh Pond Junction where trains are handed off to the New York and Atlantic Railway for destinations on Long Island.

System

The Providence and Worcester directly owns and operates:

* Its main line, connecting Providence and Worcester via Woonsocket.
** The Slatersville branch, between Woonsocket and Slatersville.
* The East Providence Branch and East Junction Branch, two connected branch lines. The East Providence Branch originates at Valley Falls Yard where it meets the P&W main line and ends in East Providence, where it meets the East Junction Branch. The latter branch runs between East Providence and the end of P&W's operating rights in Seekonk, Massachusetts.
* The Moshassuck Industrial Track and the Warwick Industrial Track, which are remnants of the Moshassuck Valley Railroad in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, and the Warwick Railway in Cranston, Rhode Island, respectively.
* The Norwich and Worcester main line, between Worcester and Norwich.
** A branch of this line between Plainfield and Versailles, Connecticut.
* A three-mile-long branch line in Groton, Connecticut, which connects to the Northeast Corridor.
* The former Boston and New York Air-Line Railroad between North Haven and Middletown, Connecticut.
* The Belle Dock line which serves the Port of New Haven.

P&W operates on but does not own the following:

* The Harbor Junction Industrial Track, a branch serving the Port of Providence, owned by the City of Providence.
* A branch between Versailles and Willimantic, Connecticut, owned by CTDOT.
* The former Connecticut Valley Railroad route between Middletown and Wethersfield, Connecticut, owned by the Connecticut Department of Transportation.
* P&W has rights on the line between Fall River, Massachusetts, and the former Sakonnet River rail bridge in Tiverton, Rhode Island, but does not use them, as the line, owned by the Rhode Island Department of Transportation, is out of service.

P&W has freight rights on several passenger lines, owned by Amtrak and Metro-North Railroad, meaning it can both serve freight customers and run through trains on them:

* Amtrak's Northeast Corridor between Providence and New Haven.
* Metro-North Railroad's Danbury Branch.
* Metro-North Railroad's Waterbury Branch, from Derby southward.

Finally, P&W has overhead trackage rights on several lines, meaning the company may operate trains over them but cannot serve customers on them:

* The Housatonic Railroad between Derby and Danbury.
* The Northeast Corridor between New Haven and New Rochelle, then over the Hell Gate Line and the New York Connecting Railroad to Fresh Pond Junction.
* The Northeast Corridor from Providence to Attleboro, Massachusetts, then the New Bedford Secondary and Fall River Secondary to Fall River. These rights allow access to P&W's operating rights south of Fall River, but are unused, as the tracks south of Fall River are out of service.

Former system

Several lines acquired from Penn Central or Conrail have been abandoned, including:

* The Washington Secondary between Washington and Providence.
* The former Southbridge and Blackstone Railroad between Southbridge and Webster.
* The former Pawtuxet Valley Railroad between Pontiac and Cranston.
* A short spur in Valley Falls.
* The northern portion of the former Moshassuck Valley Railroad in Lincoln.
* The former Providence, Warren and Bristol Railroad from East Providence southward.
* Freight rights on Aquidneck Island, following the closure of the Sakonnet River rail bridge in 1980.
The Providence and Worcester Railroad has been noted for maintaining its tracks to a high standard. Generally, all main lines are maintained to allow a maximum speed of . The concern that G&W might reduce these high maintenance standards was raised by a shipper during G&W's acquisition of P&W.

Commodities carried

P&W reported carrying 34,402 carloads in 2013. Some significant types of cargo transported by the P&W including construction debris, aggregates, construction materials, lumber, steel, plastics, and chemicals.

P&W formerly transported unit trains of coal to several power plants in New England. The trains originated at ports in Providence and New Haven and were handed off to Pan Am Railways for final delivery. By 2016, P&W reported over 21,000 carloads of total coal traffic from 2000 onwards.

Intermodal traffic is carried by P&W between the connection with CSX in Worcester and an intermodal facility just south of Worcester.

Continued focus on small customers remains a part of P&W's operations. An example cited by several sources is the company's dedication to serving lumber customer Arnold Lumber in West Kingston, Rhode Island, which receives one or two cars of freight at a time. Serving this customer requires P&W trains to travel farther southward on the Northeast Corridor than for any other customer, finding space between Amtrak trains which travel up to on this particular segment.

Passenger trains

The Providence and Worcester does not operate regularly scheduled passenger train service, but has maintained a small fleet of ex-Amtrak passenger cars since the 1980s, which have been used both as a business train for the company and for a variety of chartered passenger trains in Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts. The company also operates a Christmas train in November and December of each year. The train, themed on the movie ''The Polar Express'', departs from Woonsocket station and travels along the company's main line, and has operated since 1999.

Rolling stock

As of 2016, the Providence and Worcester Railroad operated the following locomotives:

Real estate

For many years, the Providence and Worcester Railroad had significant real estate holdings in Rhode Island and Massachusetts. In 1976, the railroad began construction on the South Quay Marine Terminal in East Providence, adjacent to the terminus of the East Providence Branch. P&W filled in a portion of the Providence River and planned to turn it into a major shipping facility. While P&W long looked for a partner to develop the project, it remained unused for decades. P&W finally sold the location in 2019 to RI Waterfront Enterprises, which in September 2022 began developing the site to support construction of wind turbines.

Several P&W-built stations are preserved. In addition to the Woonsocket station, which still sees seasonal passenger service from P&W's Polar Express trains, freight or passenger stations also exist in Manville, Rhode Island; Uxbridge, Massachusetts (Uxbridge station); and Whitinsville, Massachusetts.

Station listing

See also

* List of New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad precursors
* Railroads in New England

Notes

References

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External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Providence Worcester Railroad
2016 mergers and acquisitions
Companies affiliated with the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad
Companies operating former Boston and Maine Railroad lines
Companies operating former New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad lines
Connecticut railroads
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Regional railroads in the United States
Rhode Island railroads
Railway companies established in 1844
Genesee & Wyoming
Providence and Worcester Railroad