The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) is a detailed

hierarchical A hierarchy (from Greek: , from , 'president of sacred rites') is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) that are represented as being "above", "below", or "at the same level as" one another. Hierarchy is an important ...

classification Classification is a process related to categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated and understood. Classification is the grouping of related facts into classes. It may also refer to: Business, organizat ...

of all

headache Headache is the symptom of pain in the face, head, or neck. It can occur as a migraine, tension-type headache, or cluster headache. There is an increased risk of depression in those with severe headaches. Headaches can occur as a result ...

-related disorders published by the

International Headache Society The International Headache Society (IHS) is a London-based charity membership organisation that was founded in 1981 for those with a professional commitment to helping people affected by headache disorders and facial pains. In 1994, the IHS was i ...

. It is considered the official classification of headaches by the

World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of h ...

, and, in 1992, was incorporated into the 10th edition of their ''

International Classification of Diseases The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a globally used diagnostic tool for epidemiology, health management and clinical purposes. The ICD is maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO), which is the directing and coordinating ...

'' (

ICD-10 ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, ...

). Each class of headache contains explicit diagnostic criteria—meaning that the criteria include

quantities Quantity or amount is a property that can exist as a multitude or magnitude, which illustrate discontinuity and continuity. Quantities can be compared in terms of "more", "less", or "equal", or by assigning a numerical value multiple of a unit ...

rather than vague terms like ''several'' or ''usually''—that are based on clinical and

laboratory A laboratory (; ; colloquially lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. Laboratory services are provided in a variety of settings: physicia ...

observations. The ICHD was first published in 1988 (now known as the ICHD-1). A second version, the ICHD-2, was published in 2004. The most current version, ICHD-3, was published in 2018. /www.ichd-3.org/ ''Website The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition'' Retrieved 15. July 2018.

Hierarchy

Primary headaches

ICHD 1, ICD10 G43: Migraine

Migraine Migraine (, ) is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches. Typically, the associated headache affects one side of the head, is pulsating in nature, may be moderate to severe in intensity, and could last from a few hou ...

without aura :Migraine with aura :Childhood periodic syndromes that are commonly precursors of migraine :

Retinal migraine Retinal migraine is a retinal disease often accompanied by migraine headache and typically affects only one eye. It is caused by ischaemia or vascular spasm in or behind the affected eye. The terms "retinal migraine" and "ocular migraine" are ...

:Complications of migraine : Migraine-triggered seizure :Probable migraine

ICHD 2, ICD10 G44.2: Tension-type headache (TTH)

:Infrequent episodic

tension-type headache Tension headache, also known as stress headache, or tension-type headache (TTH), is the most common type of primary headache. The pain can radiate from the lower back of the head, the neck, eyes or other muscle groups in the body typically affecti ...

:Frequent episodic tension-type headache :Chronic tension-type headache :Probable tension-type headache

ICHD 3, ICD10 G44.0: Cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias

Cluster headache Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the a ...

Paroxysmal hemicrania Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) is a severe debilitating unilateral headache usually affecting the area around the eye. It normally consists of multiple severe, yet short, headache attacks affecting only one side of the cranium. It is more com ...

Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT syndrome) is a rare headache disorder that belongs to the group of headaches called trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TACs). Symptoms include excruciat ...

(SUNCT) :Probable trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia

ICHD 4, ICD10 G44.80: Other primary headaches

: Primary stabbing headache : Primary cough headache : Primary exertional headache : Primary

headache associated with sexual activity Sexual headache is a type of headache that occurs in the skull and neck during sexual activity, including masturbation or orgasm. These headaches are usually benign, but occasionally are caused by intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral infarctio ...

Hypnic headache Hypnic headaches are benign primary headaches that affect the elderly, with an average age of onset at 63 ± 11 years. They are moderate, throbbing, bilateral or unilateral headaches that wake the sufferer from sleep once or multiple times a nig ...

: Primary

thunderclap headache A thunderclap headache is a headache that is severe and has a sudden onset. It is defined as a severe headache that takes seconds to minutes to reach maximum intensity. Although approximately 75% are attributed to "primary" headaches—headache d ...

Hemicrania continua Hemicrania continua (HC) is a persistent unilateral headache that responds to indomethacin. It is usually unremitting, but rare cases of remission have been documented. Hemicrania continua is considered a primary headache disorder, meaning that i ...

New daily persistent headache New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a primary headache syndrome which can mimic chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache. The headache is daily and unremitting from very soon after onset (within 3 days at most), usually in a person ...

(NDPH)

Secondary headaches

ICHD 5, ICD10 G44.88: Headache attributed to head and/or neck trauma

:Acute post-traumatic headache :: Acute post-traumatic headache attributed to moderate or severe

head injury A head injury is any injury that results in trauma to the skull or brain. The terms ''traumatic brain injury'' and ''head injury'' are often used interchangeably in the medical literature. Because head injuries cover such a broad scope of inju ...

:: Acute post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury : Chronic post-traumatic headache :: Chronic post-traumatic headache attributed to moderate or severe head injury :: Chronic post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury : Acute headache attributed to

whiplash injury Whiplash is a non-medical term describing a range of injuries to the neck caused by or related to a sudden distortion of the neck associated with extension, although the exact injury mechanisms remain unknown. The term "whiplash" is a colloquial ...

: Chronic headache attributed to whiplash injury : Headache attributed to traumatic intracranial haematoma :: Headache attributed to epidural haematoma :: Headache attributed to subdural haematoma : Headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma :: Acute headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma :: Chronic headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma : Post-

craniotomy A craniotomy is a surgical operation in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain. Craniotomies are often critical operations, performed on patients who are suffering from brain lesions, such as tumors, blood clots ...

headache :: Acute post-craniotomy headache :: Chronic post-craniotomy headache

ICHD 6, ICD10 G44.81: Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder

:Headache attributed to ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack :: Headache attributed to ischaemic stroke (cerebral infarction) :: Headache attributed to

transient ischaemic attack A transient ischemic attack (TIA), commonly known as a mini-stroke, is a minor stroke whose noticeable symptoms usually end in less than an hour. TIA causes the same symptoms associated with strokes, such as weakness or numbness on one side of ...

(TIA) : Headache attributed to non-traumatic

intracranial haemorrhage Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), also known as intracranial bleed, is bleeding within the skull. Subtypes are intracerebral bleeds ( intraventricular bleeds and intraparenchymal bleeds), subarachnoid bleeds, epidural bleeds, and subdural bleeds. ...

:: Headache attributed to

intracerebral haemorrhage Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), also known as cerebral bleed, intraparenchymal bleed, and hemorrhagic stroke, or haemorrhagic stroke, is a sudden bleeding into the tissues of the brain, into its ventricles, or into both. It is one kind of bleed ...

:: Headache attributed to

subarachnoid haemorrhage Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss, is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. Bleeding can occur internally, or externally either through a natural openi ...

(SAH) : Headache attributed to unruptured

vascular malformation A vascular malformation is a blood vessel or lymph vessel abnormality. Vascular malformations are one of the classifications of vascular anomalies, the other grouping is vascular tumors. They may cause aesthetic problems as they have a growth cycl ...

:: Headache attributed to saccular aneurysm :: Headache attributed to

arteriovenous malformation Arteriovenous malformation is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system. This vascular anomaly is widely known because of its occurrence in the central nervous system (usually cerebral AVM), but can appea ...

(AVM) :: Headache attributed to

dural arteriovenous fistula A dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) or malformation is an abnormal direct connection (fistula) between a meningeal artery and a meningeal vein or dural venous sinus. Signs and symptoms The most common signs/symptoms of DAVFs are: # Pulsatile t ...

:: Headache attributed to

cavernous angioma Cavernous hemangioma, also called cavernous angioma, venous malformation, or cavernoma, is a type of venous malformation due to endothelial dysmorphogenesis from a lesion which is present at birth. A cavernoma in the brain is called a cerebral ca ...

:: Headache attributed to encephalotrigeminal or leptomeningeal angiomatosis ( Sturge Weber syndrome) : Headache attributed to

arteritis Arteritis is the inflammation of the walls of arteries, usually as a result of infection or autoimmune response. Arteritis, a complex disorder, is still not entirely understood. Arteritis may be distinguished by its different types, based on the o ...

:: Headache attributed to

giant cell arteritis Giant cell arteritis (GCA), also called temporal arteritis, is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of large blood vessels. Symptoms may include headache, pain over the temples, flu-like symptoms, double vision, and difficulty opening the mouth. C ...

(GCA) :: Headache attributed to primary central nervous system (CNS) angiitis :: Headache attributed to secondary central nervous system (CNS) angiitis : Carotid or vertebral artery pain :: Headache or facial or neck pain attributed to arterial dissection :: Post-

endarterectomy Endarterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the atheromatous ''plaque'' material, or blockage, in the lining of an artery constricted by the buildup of deposits. It is carried out by separating the plaque from the arterial wall. It was firs ...

headache :: Carotid

angioplasty Angioplasty, is also known as balloon angioplasty and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), is a minimally invasive endovascular procedure used to widen narrowed or obstructed arteries or veins, typically to treat arterial atheroscle ...

headache :: Headache attributed to intracranial endovascular procedures ::

Angiography Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers. Modern angiography is performe ...

headache : Headache attributed to

cerebral venous thrombosis Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis or cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), is the presence of a blood clot in the dural venous sinuses (which drain blood from the brain), the cerebral veins, or both. Symp ...

(CVT) : Headache attributed to other intracranial vascular disorder ::

CADASIL CADASIL or CADASIL syndrome, involving cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, is the most common form of hereditary stroke disorder, and is thought to be caused by mutations of the ''Notch 3'' ge ...

(cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy) ::

MELAS Melas may refer to: * Plural of mela People * Melas (mythology), a number of different characters in Greek mythology * Pavlos Melas (1870–1904), a Hellenic Army officer and a symbol of the Greek Struggle for Macedonia * Chloe Melas, an Ameri ...

(eitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) :: Headache attributed to benign

angiopathy Angiopathy is the generic term for a disease of the blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries). The best known and most prevalent angiopathy is diabetic angiopathy, a common complication of chronic diabetes. Classification By caliber Ther ...

of the central nervous system :: Headache attributed to

pituitary apoplexy Pituitary apoplexy is bleeding into or impaired blood supply of the pituitary gland. This usually occurs in the presence of a tumor of the pituitary, although in 80% of cases this has not been diagnosed previously. The most common initial sympto ...

ICHD 7, ICD10 G44.82: Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder

:Headache attributed to high

cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates. CSF is produced by specialised ependymal cells in the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the bra ...

pressure :: Headache attributed to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) :: Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to metabolic, toxic or hormonal causes :: Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to

hydrocephalus Hydrocephalus is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain. This typically causes increased intracranial pressure, pressure inside the skull. Older people may have headaches, double vision, poor ...

: Headache attributed to low cerebrospinal fluid pressure :: Post-dural puncture headache :: CSF fistula headache :: Headache attributed to spontaneous (or idiopathic) low CSF pressure : Headache attributed to non-infectious

inflammatory disease Inflammation (from la, inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecu ...

:: Headache attributed to

neurosarcoidosis Neurosarcoidosis (sometimes shortened to neurosarcoid) refers to a type of sarcoidosis, a condition of unknown cause featuring granulomas in various tissues, in this type involving the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Neurosarcoidosi ...

:: Headache attributed to aseptic (non-infectious) meningitis :: Headache attributed to other non-infectious inflammatory disease :: Headache attributed to

lymphocytic hypophysitis Autoimmune hypophysitis is defined as inflammation of the pituitary gland due to autoimmunity. Signs and symptoms Autoimmune hypophysitis can lead to deficiencies in one or more pituitary hormones, causing central diabetes insipidus if the poster ...

: Headache attributed to intracranial neoplasm :: Headache attributed to

increased intracranial pressure Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure exerted by fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the skull and on the brain tissue. ICP is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and at rest, is normally 7–15 mmHg for a supine adult. Th ...

caused by neoplasm :: Headache attributed directly to neoplasm :: Headache attributed to

carcinomatous meningitis Leptomeningeal cancer (also called leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, leptomeningeal disease (LMD), leptomeningeal metastasis, neoplastic meningitis, meningeal metastasis and meningeal carcinomatosis) is a rare complication of cancer in which the dise ...

:: Headache attributed to

hypothalamic The hypothalamus () is a part of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus i ...

pituitary In vertebrate anatomy, the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland, about the size of a chickpea and weighing, on average, in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. The hypop ...

hyper- or hyposecretion : Headache attributed to intrathecal injection : Headache attributed to

epileptic seizure An epileptic seizure, informally known as a seizure, is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Outward effects vary from uncontrolled shaking movements involving much of the body with los ...

:: Hemicrania epileptica :: Post-seizure headache : Headache attributed to Chiari malformation type I (CM1) : Syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) : Headache attributed to other non-vascular intracranial disorder

ICHD 8, ICD10 G44.4 or G44.83: Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal

:Headache induced by acute substance use or exposure ::

Nitric oxide Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula . It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a free radical: it has an unpaired electron, which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its che ...

(NO) donor-induced headache ::: Immediate NO donor-induced headache ::: Delayed NO donor-headache :: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor-induced headache ::

Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide (chemical formula CO) is a colorless, poisonous, odorless, tasteless, flammable gas that is slightly less dense than air. Carbon monoxide consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom connected by a triple bond. It is the simple ...

-induced headache ::

Alcohol Alcohol most commonly refers to: * Alcohol (chemistry), an organic compound in which a hydroxyl group is bound to a carbon atom * Alcohol (drug), an intoxicant found in alcoholic drinks Alcohol may also refer to: Chemicals * Ethanol, one of sev ...

-induced headache. ::: Immediate alcohol-induced headache ::: Delayed alcohol-induced headache :: Headache induced by food components and additives :::

Monosodium glutamate Monosodium glutamate (MSG), also known as sodium glutamate, is the sodium salt of glutamic acid. MSG is found naturally in some foods including tomatoes and cheese in this glutamic acid form. MSG is used in cooking as a flavor enhancer wit ...

-induced headache ::

Cocaine Cocaine (from , from , ultimately from Quechuan languages, Quechua: ''kúka'') is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant mainly recreational drug use, used recreationally for its euphoria, euphoric effects. It is primarily obtained from t ...

-induced headache ::

Cannabis ''Cannabis'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae. The number of species within the genus is disputed. Three species may be recognized: ''Cannabis sativa'', '' C. indica'', and '' C. ruderalis''. Alternatively ...

-induced headache ::

Histamine Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune responses, as well as regulating physiological functions in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus. Since histamine was discovered in ...

-induced headache ::: Immediate histamine-induced headache ::: Delayed histamine-induced headache ::

Calcitonin gene-related peptide Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a member of the calcitonin family of peptides consisting of calcitonin, amylin, adrenomedullin, adrenomedullin 2 ( intermedin) and calcitonin‑receptor‑stimulating peptide. Calcitonin is mainly produc ...

(CGRP)-induced headache ::: Immediate CGRP-induced headache ::: Delayed CGRP-induced headache :: Headache as an acute

adverse event An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical investigation subject administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. An adverse event can ther ...

attributed to medication used for other indications :: Headache attributed to other acute substance use or exposure : Medication-overuse headache (MOH) ::

Ergotamine Ergotamine, sold under the brand names Cafergot (with caffeine) and Ergomar among others, is an ergopeptine and part of the ergot family of alkaloids; it is structurally and biochemically closely related to ergoline. It possesses structural simil ...

-overuse headache ::

Triptan Triptans are a family of tryptamine-based drugs used as abortive medication in the treatment of migraines and cluster headaches. This drug class was first commercially introduced in the 1990s. While effective at treating individual headaches, th ...

-overuse headache ::

Analgesic An analgesic drug, also called simply an analgesic (American English), analgaesic (British English), pain reliever, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve relief from pain (that is, analgesia or pain management). It ...

-overuse headache ::

Opioid Opioids are substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects. Medically they are primarily used for pain relief, including anesthesia. Other medical uses include suppression of diarrhea, replacement therapy for opioid us ...

-overuse headache :: Combination analgesic-overuse headache :: Medication-overuse headache attributed to combination of acute medications :: Headache attributed to other medication overuse :: Probable medication-overuse headache : Headache as an adverse event attributed to chronic medication ::

Exogenous In a variety of contexts, exogeny or exogeneity () is the fact of an action or object originating externally. It contrasts with endogeneity or endogeny, the fact of being influenced within a system. Economics In an economic model, an exogeno ...

hormone A hormone (from the Greek participle , "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior. Hormones are required ...

-induced headache : Headache attributed to substance withdrawal :: caffeine-withdrawal headache :: opioid-withdrawal headache ::

Oestrogen Estrogen or oestrogen is a category of sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. There are three major endogenous estrogens that have estrogenic hormonal activ ...

-withdrawal headache :: Headache attributed to withdrawal from chronic use of other substances

ICHD 9, ICD10 G44.821 or G44.881: Headache attributed to
infection An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce. An infectious disease, also known as a transmissible disease or communicable dise ...

: Headache attributed to intracranial infection :: Headache attributed to

bacterial meningitis Meningitis is acute or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, collectively called the meninges. The most common symptoms are fever, headache, and neck stiffness. Other symptoms include confusion or ...

:: Headache attributed to lymphocytic meningitis :: Headache attributed to

encephalitis Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain. The severity can be variable with symptoms including reduction or alteration in consciousness, headache, fever, confusion, a stiff neck, and vomiting. Complications may include seizures, hallucinations, ...

:: Headache attributed to

brain abscess Brain abscess (or cerebral abscess) is an abscess caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local (ear infection, dental abscess, infection of paranasal sinuses, infection of the mastoid air cells of the temporal bone ...

:: Headache attributed to

subdural empyema Subdural empyema is a form of empyema – a collection of pus, in the subdural space. Bacterial or occasionally fungal infection of the skull bones or air sinuses can spread to the subdural space, producing a subdural empyema. The underlying arac ...

: Headache attributed to

systemic infection A systemic disease is one that affects a number of organs and tissues, or affects the body as a whole. Examples * Mastocytosis, including mast cell activation syndrome and eosinophilic esophagitis * Chronic fatigue syndrome * Systemic vasculi ...

:: Headache attributed to

systemic Systemic fundamental to a predominant social, economic, or political practice. This refers to: In medicine In medicine, ''systemic'' means affecting the whole body, or at least multiple organ systems. It is in contrast with ''topical'' or ''loc ...

bacterial infection Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless and are often beneficial but others can cause infectious diseases. The number of ...

:: Headache attributed to systemic

viral infection A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells. Structural Characteristics Basic structural characteristics, s ...

:: Headache attributed to other systemic infection : Headache attributed to

HIV/AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus. Following initial infection an individual ...

: Chronic post-infection headache :: Chronic post-bacterial meningitis headache

ICHD 10, ICD10 G44.882: Headache attributed to disorder of
homeostasis In biology, homeostasis (British English, British also homoeostasis) Help:IPA/English, (/hɒmɪə(ʊ)ˈsteɪsɪs/) is the state of steady internal, physics, physical, and chemistry, chemical conditions maintained by organism, living systems. Thi ...

: Headache attributed to

hypoxia Hypoxia means a lower than normal level of oxygen, and may refer to: Reduced or insufficient oxygen * Hypoxia (environmental), abnormally low oxygen content of the specific environment * Hypoxia (medical), abnormally low level of oxygen in the tis ...

and/or

hypercapnia Hypercapnia (from the Greek ''hyper'' = "above" or "too much" and ''kapnos'' = "smoke"), also known as hypercarbia and CO2 retention, is a condition of abnormally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood. Carbon dioxide is a gaseous pro ...

:: High-altitude headache :: Diving headache ::

Sleep apnoea Sleep apnea, also spelled sleep apnoea, is a sleep disorder in which pauses in breathing or periods of shallow breathing during sleep occur more often than normal. Each pause can last for a few seconds to a few minutes and they happen many tim ...

headache : Dialysis headache : Headache attributed to

arterial hypertension Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms. Long-term high bl ...

:: Headache attributed to

phaeochromocytoma Pheochromocytoma (PHEO or PCC) is a rare tumor of the adrenal medulla composed of chromaffin cells, also known as pheochromocytes. When a tumor composed of the same cells as a pheochromocytoma develops outside the adrenal gland, it is referred t ...

:: Headache attributed to

hypertensive crisis Severely elevated blood pressure (equal to or greater than a systolic 180 or diastolic of 120—sometimes termed malignant or accelerated hypertension) is referred to as a hypertensive crisis, as blood pressure at this level confers a high risk ...

without hypertensive encephalopathy :: Headache attributed to

hypertensive encephalopathy Hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) is general brain dysfunction due to significantly high blood pressure. Symptoms may include headache, vomiting, trouble with balance, and confusion. Onset is generally sudden. Complications can include seizures, ...

:: Headache attributed to

pre-eclampsia Pre-eclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by the onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine. When it arises, the condition begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy. In severe cases of the disease ...

:: Headache attributed to

eclampsia Eclampsia is the onset of seizures (convulsions) in a woman with pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is one of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that presents with three main features: new onset of high blood pressure, large amounts of protein in ...

:: Headache attributed to acute

pressor response An antihypotensive agent, also known as a vasopressor agent or simply vasopressor, or pressor, is any substance, whether endogenous or a medication, that tends to raise low blood pressure. Some antihypotensive drugs act as vasoconstrictors to inc ...

to an exogenous agent : Headache attributed to

hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism (also called ''underactive thyroid'', ''low thyroid'' or ''hypothyreosis'') is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. It can cause a number of symptoms, such as po ...

: Headache attributed to

fasting Fasting is the abstention from eating and sometimes drinking. From a purely physiological context, "fasting" may refer to the metabolic status of a person who has not eaten overnight (see " Breakfast"), or to the metabolic state achieved after ...

: Cardiac cephalalgia : Headache attributed to other disorder of homoeostasis

ICHD 11, ICD10 G44.84: Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cranial structures

: Headache attributed to disorder of

cranial bone The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of four types of bone i.e., cranial bones, facial bones, ear ossicles and hyoid bone. However two parts are more prominent: the cranium and the mandible. In humans, the ...

: Headache attributed to disorder of

neck The neck is the part of the body on many vertebrates that connects the head with the torso. The neck supports the weight of the head and protects the nerves that carry sensory and motor information from the brain down to the rest of the body. In ...

:: Cervicogenic headache :: Headache attributed to retropharyngeal

tendonitis Tendinopathy, a type of tendon disorder that results in pain, swelling, and impaired function. The pain is typically worse with movement. It most commonly occurs around the shoulder (rotator cuff tendinitis, biceps tendinitis), elbow (tennis elb ...

:: Headache attributed to craniocervical dystonia : Headache attributed to disorder of eyes :: Headache attributed to

acute glaucoma Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that result in damage to the optic nerve (or retina) and cause vision loss. The most common type is open-angle (wide angle, chronic simple) glaucoma, in which the drainage angle for fluid within the eye rem ...

:: Headache attributed to

refractive errors Refractive error, also known as refraction error, is a problem with focusing light accurately on the retina due to the shape of the eye and or cornea. The most common types of refractive error are near-sightedness, far-sightedness, astigmatism, ...

:: Headache attributed to

heterophoria Heterophoria is an eye condition in which the directions that the eyes are pointing at rest position, when ''not'' performing binocular fusion, are not the same as each other, or, "not straight". This condition can be esophoria, where the eyes ten ...

heterotropia Strabismus is a vision disorder in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. The eye that is focused on an object can alternate. The condition may be present occasionally or constantly. If present during a ...

(latent or manifest squint) :: Headache attributed to ocular

inflammatory disorder Inflammation (from la, inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molec ...

: Headache attributed to disorder of

ears An ear is the organ that enables hearing and, in mammals, body balance using the vestibular system. In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three parts—the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists o ...

: Headache attributed to

rhinosinusitis Rhinosinusitis is a simultaneous infection of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) and an infection of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses (sinusitis). A distinction is made between acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Background Because sinu ...

: Headache attributed to disorder of teeth, jaws or related structures : Headache or facial pain attributed to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder : Headache attributed to other disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structures

ICHD 12, ICD10 R51: Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder

: Headache attributed to

somatization disorder Somatization disorder is a mental disorder, mental and Abnormal behavior, behavioral disease#Disorder, disorder characterized by recurring, multiple, and current, clinically significant complaints about somatic nervous system, somatic symptoms. It ...

: Headache attributed to

psychotic disorder Psychosis is a condition of the mind that results in difficulties determining what is real and what is not real. Symptoms may include delusions and hallucinations, among other features. Additional symptoms are incoherent speech and behavior t ...

Cranial neuralgias, central and primary facial pain and other headaches

ICHD 13, ICD10 G44.847, G44.848, or G44.85: Cranial neuralgias and central causes of facial pain

:ICHD 13.1, ICD10 G44.847:

Trigeminal neuralgia Trigeminal neuralgia (TN or TGN), also called Fothergill disease, tic douloureux, or trifacial neuralgia is a long-term pain disorder that affects the trigeminal nerve, the nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as ...

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia Neuralgia (Greek ''neuron'', "nerve" + ''algos'', "pain") is pain in the distribution of one or more nerves, as in intercostal nerve, intercostal neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, and glossopharyngeal nerve, glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Classific ...

Nervus intermedius The intermediate nerve, nervus intermedius, nerve of Wrisberg or Glossopalatine nerve, is the part of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) located between the motor component of the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) ...

neuralgia : Superior laryngeal neuralgia : Nasociliary neuralgia : Supraorbital neuralgia :Other terminal branch neuralgias :

Occipital neuralgia Occipital neuralgia (ON) is a painful condition affecting the posterior head in the distributions of the greater occipital nerve (GON), lesser occipital nerve (LON), third occipital nerve (TON), or a combination of the three. It is paroxysmal, la ...

:Neck-tongue syndrome :External compression headache :

Cold-stimulus headache A cold-stimulus headache, colloquially known as an ice-cream headache or brain freeze, is a form of brief pain or headache commonly associated with consumption (particularly quick consumption) of cold beverages or foods such as ice cream, Popsicl ...

:Constant pain caused by compression, irritation or distortion of cranial nerves or upper cervical roots by structural lesions :

Optic neuritis Optic neuritis describes any condition that causes inflammation of the optic nerve; it may be associated with demyelinating diseases, or infectious or inflammatory processes. It is also known as optic papillitis (when the head of the optic nerv ...

: Ocular diabetic neuropathy :Head or facial pain attributed to

herpes zoster Shingles, also known as zoster or herpes zoster, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area. Typically the rash occurs in a single, wide mark either on the left or right side of the body or face. ...

::Head or facial pain attributed to acute herpes zoster :: Post-herpetic neuralgia :

Tolosa–Hunt syndrome Tolosa–Hunt syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by severe and unilateral headaches with orbital pain, along with weakness and paralysis (ophthalmoplegia) of certain eye muscles ( extraocular palsies). In 2004, the International Headache S ...

:Opthalamoplegic migraine :Central causes of facial pain ::Anaesthesia dolorosa ::Central post-stroke pain ::Facial pain attributable to

multiple sclerosis Multiple (cerebral) sclerosis (MS), also known as encephalomyelitis disseminata or disseminated sclerosis, is the most common demyelinating disease, in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This d ...

::Persistent idiopathic facial pain (the IHS's preferred term for

atypical facial pain Atypical facial pain (AFP) is a type of chronic facial pain which does not fulfill any other diagnosis. There is no consensus as to a globally accepted definition, and there is even controversy as to whether the term should be continued to be use ...

) ::

Burning mouth syndrome Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a burning, tingling or scalding sensation in the mouth, lasting for at least four to six months, with no underlying known dental or medical cause. No related signs of disease are found in the mouth. People with ...

:Other cranial neuralgia or other centrally mediated facial pain

ICHD 14, ICD10 R51: Other headache, cranial neuralgia, central or primary facial pain

:Headache not elsewhere classified :Headache unspecified

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:International Classification of Headache Disorders Headaches