The Predil Pass or Predel Pass ( it, Passo di Predil; sl, Predel, ) (el. 1156 m) is a high mountain pass on the border between

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

and

Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...

Geography

Cave del predil Log-pod Mangartom tunnel map

The pass is located in the

Julian Alps The Julian Alps ( sl, Julijske Alpe, it, Alpi Giulie, , ) are a mountain range of the Southern Limestone Alps that stretch from northeastern Italy to Slovenia, where they rise to 2,864 m at Mount Triglav, the highest peak in Slovenia. A large pa ...

, between the peaks of Mount

Mangart Mangart or Mangrt is a mountain in the Julian Alps, located on the border between Italy and Slovenia. With an elevation of , it is the third-highest peak in Slovenia, after Triglav and Škrlatica. It was first climbed in 1794 by the naturalist F ...

to the north and Mount Kanin to the south. It connects

Cave del Predil Cave del Predil (german: Raibl, sl, Rabelj) is a ''frazione'' subdivision of the ''comune'' of Tarvisio in the Province of Udine, in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeastern Italy. Geography The hamlet is located about 15 km (9 ...

, part of the Italian municipality of

Tarvisio Tarvisio (German and fur, Tarvis, sl, Trbiž) is a comune in the northeastern part of the autonomous Friuli Venezia Giulia region in Italy. Geography The town is in the Canal Valley (''Val Canale'') between the Carnic Alps and Karawanks rang ...

in the northwest, with the

Municipality of Bovec The Municipality of Bovec ( or ; sl, Občina Bovec) is a municipality in northwestern Slovenia. Its center is the town of Bovec. , its mayor is Valter Mlekuž. Geography The northern parts of the municipality up the Trenta Valley to the peaks o ...

in the Upper

Soča The Soča ( in Slovene) or Isonzo ( in Italian; other names fur, Lusinç, german: Sontig, la, Aesontius or ') is a long river that flows through western Slovenia () and northeastern Italy (). An Alpine river in character, its source lies in ...

(Isonzo) Valley in Slovenia. On the Italian side,

state highway A state highway, state road, or state route (and the equivalent provincial highway, provincial road, or provincial route) is usually a road that is either ''numbered'' or ''maintained'' by a sub-national state or province. A road numbered by a ...

no. 54 (''del Friuli'') leads from Tarvisio and the Canal Valley along

Slizza The Slizza (Italian) or Gailitz (German; fur, Slize, sl, Ziljica) is an Alpine torrent in Italy and Austria, a right tributary of the river Gail. Its drainage basin is . Course Its source is below the Sella Nevea mountain pass in the Julian Alps ...

Creek to Lake Predil, where the route to the

Sella Nevea Sella Nevea ( fur, Nevee, german: Neveasattel, sl, Na Žlebeh), at an altitude of , is a high mountain pass in the Julian Alps, in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeast Italy. Sella Nevea also lends its name to a ''frazione'' of the Chiu ...

Pass in the south branches off, and uphill to the Predil crest. On the Slovenian side, road no. 203 runs downhill to

Log pod Mangartom Log pod Mangartom (; sometimes ''Log pod Mangrtom''; it, Bretto; german: Breth), is a settlement in the Municipality of Bovec in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It comprises Gornji Log and Spodnji Log as well as the hamlets Loška Koritnica, Mo ...

and continues to

Bovec Bovec ( or ; , german: Flitsch, fur, Plèz) is a town in the Littoral region in northwestern Slovenia, close to the border with Italy. It is the central settlement of the Municipality of Bovec. Geography Bovec is located from the capital Ljublj ...

. The village of Strmec na Predelu lies just below the border crossing.

History

The road was built from 1319 onwards by the citizens of

Cividale Cividale del Friuli ( fur, Cividât (locally ); german: Östrich; sl, Čedad) is a town and ''comune'' in the Province of Udine, part of the Northern Italy, North-Italian Friuli Venezia Giulia ''regione''. The town lies above sea-level in the foo ...

in the

Patriarchate of Aquileia The Patriarchate of Aquileia was an episcopal see in northeastern Italy, centred on the ancient city of Aquileia situated at the head of the Adriatic, on what is now the Italian seacoast. For many centuries it played an important part in histor ...

with the consent of the Prince-Bishops of Bamberg, then the possessors of the

Carinthian Carinthia (german: Kärnten ; sl, Koroška ) is the southernmost Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The main language is German. Its regional dialects belong to the Southern Bavarian group. Carint ...

lands in the north. However, the importance of the trade route diminished after the Aquileia territory in the south was incorporated into the ''

Domini di Terraferma The ( vec, domini de terraferma or , ) was the hinterland territories of the Republic of Venice beyond the Adriatic coast in Northeast Italy. They were one of the three subdivisions of the Republic's possessions, the other two being the origina ...

'' by the

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...

in 1420. Since 1754 the Predil Pass marked the border between the Duchy of Carinthia with the lands of the Princely County of

Gorizia and Gradisca The Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca (german: Gefürstete Grafschaft Görz und Gradisca; it, Principesca Contea di Gorizia e Gradisca; sl, Poknežena grofija Goriška in Gradiščanska), historically sometimes shortened to and spelled " ...

(part of the

Austrian Littoral The Austrian Littoral (german: Österreichisches Küstenland, it, Litorale Austriaco, hr, Austrijsko primorje, sl, Avstrijsko primorje, hu, Osztrák Tengermellék) was a crown land (''Kronland'') of the Austrian Empire, established in 1849. ...

from 1849) in the southeast, both part of the

Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...

. During the

War of the Fifth Coalition The War of the Fifth Coalition was a European conflict in 1809 that was part of the Napoleonic Wars and the Coalition Wars. The main conflict took place in central Europe between the Austrian Empire of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, Francis ...

, an

Austrian Austrian may refer to: * Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent ** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen, see Austrian nationality law * Austrian German dialect * Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ...

contingent under Captain Johann Hermann von Hermannsdorf on 18 May 1809 fought against the French forces moving from the

Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...

upon the Battle of Tarvis. Hermannsdorf was killed in battle, in 1851 a memorial was erected in his honour. In 1903 a long tunnel (''Štoln'') was built beneath the pass, serving miners from Log pod Mangartom on their way to the lead mines in Cave del Predil. In

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

the

mine railway A mine railway (or mine railroad, U.S.), sometimes pit railway, is a railway constructed to carry materials and workers in and out of a mine. Materials transported typically include ore, coal and overburden (also called variously spoils, waste, ...

was used to supply the

Austro-Hungarian Army The Austro-Hungarian Army (, literally "Ground Forces of the Austro-Hungarians"; , literally "Imperial and Royal Army") was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy from 1867 to 1918. It was composed of three parts: the joint arm ...

in the

Battles of the Isonzo The Battles of the Isonzo (known as the Isonzo Front by historians, sl, soška fronta) were a series of 12 battles between the Austro-Hungarian and Italian armies in World War I mostly on the territory of present-day Slovenia, and the remaind ...

against the

Gallery

File:Predil Pass - view west.JPG, West view from the pass, showing Lake Predil File:Predil Pass - Italian fort.JPG, Fortification on the Italian side of the pass File:Predil Pass - Austrian fort.JPG, Austrian fort on the Slovenian side of the pass File:Predil Pass - Austrian monument.JPG, Monument to troops killed at the pass in 1809 File:Predil Pass - Austrian grave.JPG, Grave of Austrian troops killed at the pass in 1809 File:Log pod Magartom-Stoln.jpg, Tunnel entrance in Log pod Mangartom

External links

*{{commonscat-inline, Predil Pass Predil Predil Italy–Slovenia border crossings Mountain passes of the Julian Alps

Geography

History

Gallery

See also

External links