Chrystian Piotr Aigner (1756 in

Puławy Puławy (, also written Pulawy) is a city in eastern Poland, in Lesser Poland's Lublin Voivodeship, at the confluence of the Vistula and Kurówka Rivers. Puławy is the capital of Puławy County. The city's 2019 population was estimated at 47,417 ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

– 9 February 1841 in

Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

) was a

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken *Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...

architect An architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...

and theoretician of architecture.

Life

Chrystian Piotr Aigner acquired extensive knowledge of architecture in the course of several journeys to

that he made in the company of his patron and subsequent collaborator and friend

Stanisław Kostka Potocki Count Stanisław Kostka Potocki (; November 1755 – 14 September 1821) was a Polish nobleman, politician, writer, public intellectual and patron of the arts. Life Potocki was a son of General and starost of Lwów, Eustachy Potocki and An ...

. He studied in Italy. Later, during a long association with the city of

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...

, he created many Classicist buildings in the

capital. A member of

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

Academy of St. Luke The Accademia di San Luca (the "Academy of Saint Luke") is an Italian academy of artists in Rome. The establishment of the Accademia de i Pittori e Scultori di Roma was approved by papal brief in 1577, and in 1593 Federico Zuccari became its fir ...

, and of the

Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning The Warsaw Society of Friends of Science ( pl, Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk, ''TPN'') was one of the earliest Polish scientific societies, active in Warsaw from 1800 to 1832. Name The Society was also known as ''Warszawskie Królewskie Towarzyst ...

, and from 1817 a professor of architecture at

Warsaw University The University of Warsaw ( pl, Uniwersytet Warszawski, la, Universitas Varsoviensis) is a public university in Warsaw, Poland. Established in 1816, it is the largest institution of higher learning in the country offering 37 different fields of ...

, he was active in Warsaw until 1825 and in

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 ...

before leaving for Italy for good in 1827. Aigner at first applied the decorative forms of early

Neoclassicism Neoclassicism (also spelled Neo-classicism) was a Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity. Neoclassicism was ...

(Marynka's Palace in

) or made reference to the works of

Andrea Palladio Andrea Palladio ( ; ; 30 November 1508 – 19 August 1580) was an Italian Renaissance architect active in the Venetian Republic. Palladio, influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, primarily Vitruvius, is widely considered to be one of th ...

(the façade of St. Anne's Church in Warsaw). In a later period, he reworked patterns drawn directly from the architecture of Antiquity (the Puławy

parish church A parish church (or parochial church) in Christianity is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish. In many parts of the world, especially in rural areas, the parish church may play a significant role in community activities, ...

; St. Alexander's Church in

), and even erected

Neogothic Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic, neo-Gothic, or Gothick) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. The movement gained momentum and expanded in the first half of the 19th century, as increasingly ...

structures (the Gothic House in Puławy). He also published a pattern book, ''Budowy kościołów...'' (Church Building...), which exerted a great influence on Polish sacral architecture in the first half of the 19th century. Aigner's work represents a mature classicism, inspired directly by Italian influences, and later enriched by

Empire An empire is a "political unit" made up of several territories and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) ex ...

and Romantic influences. The Romantic influences, reflecting a growing interest in Poland's past, were expressed chiefly through the use of

forms and enriched spatial arrangements (palaces with rotunda in a corner). His theoretical writings include "''Rozprawa o świątyniach u starożytnych i o słowiańskich''," ''Roczniki Towarzystwa Warszawskiego Przyjaciół Nauk'' ("A Treatise on Ancient and Slavic Temples," Annals of the

), 1808. During the

Kościuszko Uprising The Kościuszko Uprising, also known as the Polish Uprising of 1794 and the Second Polish War, was an uprising against the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Pr ...

, Aigner wrote ''"Krótka nauka o kosach i pikach"'' ("A Brief Treatise on Scythes and Pikes"), which provided a theory for operating on the field of battle with formations of

scythemen Scythemen, also known as scythe-bearers is the term for soldiers (often peasants and townspeople) armed with straightened war scythes. First appearing in the Kościuszko Uprising of 1794, scythemen quickly became one of the symbols of the strugg ...

and

pikemen A pike is a very long thrusting spear formerly used in European warfare from the Late Middle Ages and most of the Early Modern Period, and were wielded by foot soldiers deployed in pike square formation, until it was largely replaced by bayonet ...

Works

*Classicist palace in

Olesin, Puławy County Olesin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kurów, within Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship The Lublin Voivodeship, also known as the Lublin Province ( Polish: ''województwo lubelskie'' ), is a voivodeship (province) of Pol ...

(1782–1830), with

*Palace in

Igołomia Igołomia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce, within Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Wawrzeńczyce and east of the regional capital K ...

*Palace in

Zarzecze, Przeworsk County Zarzecze ( uk, Заріччя, ''Zarichchia'') is a village in Przeworsk County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Zarzecze. It lies approximately south of P ...

*Remodeling of

Łańcut Castle Łańcut Castle is a complex of historical buildings located in Łańcut, Poland. Historically the residence of the Pilecki, Lubomirski and Potocki families, the complex includes a number of buildings and is surrounded by a park. The castle is o ...

*Church in

Międzyrzec Podlaski Międzyrzec Podlaski ( la, Meserici, german: Meseritz) is a city in Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland, with the population of 17,162 inhabitants . The total area of the city is . Międzyrzec is located near the Krzna river, not f ...

Czartoryski The House of Czartoryski (feminine form: Czartoryska, plural: Czartoryscy; lt, Čartoriskiai) is a Polish princely family of Lithuanian- Ruthenian origin, also known as the Familia. The family, which derived their kin from the Gediminids dyna ...

residence in

(Church of the

Assumption Assumption, in Christianity, refers to the Assumption of Mary, a belief in the taking up of the Virgin Mary into heaven. Assumption may also refer to: Places * Assumption, Alberta, Canada * Assumption, Illinois, United States ** Assumption Town ...

, Gothic House,

Temple of the Sibyl The Temple of the Sibyl (in Polish, ''Świątynia Sybilli'') is a colonnaded round monopteral temple-like structure at Puławy, Poland, built at the turn of the 19th century as a museum by Izabela Czartoryska. History The "Temple of the Siby ...

, Marynka's Palace), 1785–1810 *Church of St. Alexander in

Suwałki Suwałki ( lt, Suvalkai; yi, סואוואַלק) is a city in northeastern Poland with a population of 69,206 (2021). It is the capital of Suwałki County and one of the most important centers of commerce in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Suwałki i ...

*Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul in Żyrzyn *Epitaph of Kraków Bishop

Kajetan Sołtyk Kajetan Ignacy Sołtyk (12 November 1715 – 30 July 1788) was a Polish Catholic priest, bishop of Kiev from 1756, bishop of Kraków from 13 March 1759. Biography Son of Józef Sołtyk, castellan of Lublin and court marshal to primate of Pola ...

Wawel Cathedral The Wawel Cathedral ( pl, Katedra Wawelska), formally titled the Royal Archcathedral Basilica of Saints Stanislaus and Wenceslaus, is a Roman Catholic cathedral situated on Wawel Hill in Kraków, Poland. Nearly 1000 years old, it is part of the ...

*Classicist manor house in Bachorza In

: *Krasiński Palace in

Ursynów Ursynów () is the southernmost district of Warsaw. With a surface area of , it is the third largest district in Warsaw, comprising 8.6% of the city. The district has a population of over 150,000, and is one of the fastest-growing neighbourhoods ...

(1785–86), with

, rebuilt in 1858 by Zygmunt Rozpędowski *Remodeling of Leszno, Warsaw, palace (1785–88), probably only the interiors * St. Alexander's Church, 1818–25 *Façade of St. Anne's Church (1786–88), with

; rebuilding of

bell tower A bell tower is a tower that contains one or more bells, or that is designed to hold bells even if it has none. Such a tower commonly serves as part of a Christian church, and will contain church bells, but there are also many secular bell tower ...

, 1816 *Façade of St. Andrew's Church *Remodeling of the

Warsaw Arsenal Warsaw Arsenal ( pl, Arsenał Królewski w Warszawie) is a building of a military arsenal in the Muranów neighbourhood of the borough of Śródmieście in Warsaw, Poland. It is located at Długa street, in the proximity of the Warsaw's Old ...

(1792) *Remodeling of main entrance hall at

Wilanów Palace Wilanów Palace ( pl, Pałac w Wilanowie, ) is a former royal palace located in the Wilanów district of Warsaw, Poland. Wilanów Palace survived Poland's partitions and both World Wars, and so serves as a reminder of the culture of the Polish ...

(1792) *Villa of Izabela Lubomirska at

Krzeszowice Krzeszowice (german: 1941-45 Kressendorf) is a town in southern Poland, situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. As of 2004, its population was 9,993. Krzeszowice belongs to ''Kraków Metropolitan Area'', and lies 25 kilometers west of the ...

(1792) *Library of

Ignacy Potocki Count Roman Ignacy Potocki, generally known as Ignacy Potocki (; 1750–1809), was a Polish nobleman, member of the influential magnate Potocki family, owner of Klementowice and Olesin (near Kurów), a politician, writer, and office holder. H ...

(1788), no longer extant, at site of Warsaw's

Hotel Bristol The Hotel Bristol is the name of more than 200 hotels around the world. They range from grand European hotels, such as Hôtel Le Bristol Paris and the Hotel Bristol in Warsaw or Vienna to budget hotels, such as the SRO (single room occupancy) ...

*Remodeling of Natolin Palace (1808) *Morysin Summer Palace, near

Wilanów Wilanów () is a district of the city of Warsaw, Poland. It is home to historic Wilanów Palace, the "Polish Versailles," and second home to various Polish kings. History The first mentions of a settlement in the area can be traced to the 13th ...

, with

*Mint on ''ulica Bielańska'' (demolished in 1905 by

Russian Imperial The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. The ...

authorities) * Warsaw University Astronomical Observatory *Remodeling of the Presidential Palace (formerly, "Viceregal Palace"), 1818–19 Information from the Polish Wikipedia article, 14:07, 22 August 2009, edition.

Gallery

File:Pulawy palac czartoryskich.jpg,

palace,

File:Pulawy palac marynki.jpg, Marynka's Palace, Puławy File:Pulawy swiatynia sybilli.jpg,

, Puławy File:Pulawy kosciol wniebowziecia nmp.jpg, Church of the Assumption, Puławy File:Pulawy domek gotycki.jpg, Gothic House, Puławy File:Pałac Prezydencki w Warszawie 2020.jpg,

Presidential Palace, Warsaw The Presidential Palace ( Polish: ''Pałac Prezydencki'') is the official residence of the Polish head of state and president alongside the Belweder Palace, located in Warsaw, Poland. Originally constructed in 1643 as an aristocratic mansion, it ...

File:Kościół św. Aleksandra w Warszawie 2018.jpg, St. Alexander's Church,

File:Kościół św. Anny w Warszawie 2020.jpg, St. Anne's Church, Warsaw File:Warsaw University Astronomical Observatory 1.jpg, Warsaw University Astronomical Observatory File:Łańcut - Pałac.jpg,

File:Międzyrzec podlaski kościół św mikołaja fasada.jpg, St. Nicholas' Church, in

Neoclassicist Neoclassicism (also spelled Neo-classicism) was a Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity. Neoclassicism was ...

façade A façade () (also written facade) is generally the front part or exterior of a building. It is a Loanword, loan word from the French language, French (), which means 'frontage' or 'face'. In architecture, the façade of a building is often t ...

by Aigner.

Notes

References

* T. Jaroszewski, ''Chrystian Piotr Aigner, architekt warszawskiego klasycyzmu'' (Chrystian Piotr Aigner: Architect of Warsaw Classicism), Warsaw, 1970. *"Aigner, Chrystian Piotr," ''

Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN ''Internetowa encyklopedia PWN'' ( Polish for ''Internet PWN Encyclopedia'') is a free online Polish-language encyclopedia published by Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN (''Polish Scientific Publishers PWN''; until 1991 ''Państwow ...

'' (PWN Universal Encyclopedia), volume 1, Warsaw,

Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN (''Polish Scientific Publishers PWN''; until 1991 ''Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe'' - ''National Scientific Publishers PWN'', PWN) is a Polish book publisher, founded in 1951, when it split from the Wydawnictwa Szkolne i P ...

, 1973, p. 32. *"Aigner, Chrystian Piotr," ''

Encyklopedia Polski This is a list of encyclopedias by language. Albanian Encyclopedias written in Albanian. * '' Albanian Encyclopedic Dictionary'' ( sq, Fjalori Enciklopedik Shqiptar): published by Academy of Sciences of Albania; ** First Edition (1985; ''FESH'') ...

'' (Encyclopedia of Poland), Kraków, Wydawnictwo Ryszard Kluszczyński, 1996, , p. 12.

External links

"Chrystian Piotr Aigner," in ''Biographies of Persons Connected with Puławy'' (in Polish)

by

Zygmunt Vogel Zygmunt Vogel (15 June 1764, Wołczyn – 20 April 1826, Warsaw) was a Polish illustrator, educator, and painter in the classical style. He was sometimes called ''Ptaszek'' (Polish for "Bird"): a reference to his name (which means "bird" in G ...

(1764–1826), in Polish {{DEFAULTSORT:Aigner, Chrystian Piotr 1756 births 1841 deaths Architects from Warsaw People from Puławy 19th-century Polish architects