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Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski
Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski (1 December 1734 – 19 March 1823) was an influential List of Polish people, Polish szlachcic, aristocrat, writer, literary and theater critic, linguist, traveller and statesman. He was a great patron of arts and a candidate for the Polish crown. He was educated in England and after his return to Poland in 1758, he became a member of the Sejm (parliament), Crown General of Podolia and Marshal of General Confederation of Kingdom of Poland. Biography Early life He was the son of Prince August Aleksander Czartoryski, voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodeship, and Maria Zofia Czartoryska, Maria Zofia Sieniawska. He married Izabela Fleming on 18 November 1761, in Vowchyn, Wołczyn, Poland. Political career A member of the ''Familia (Polish political party), Familia'', in 1763 he declined to be a candidate for the Polish crown, preferring instead to be a patron of the arts, and withdrawing in favor of Stanisław August Poniatowski. With his wife, Izabela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Józef Peszka
Józef Peszka (19 February 1767, in Kraków – 14 September 1831, in Kraków) was a Polish painter and art professor; known mostly for his portraits and watercolor landscapes. Biography His first drawing lessons were with , an Austrian painter living in Kraków. He then studied painting in Warsaw with Franciszek Smuglewicz.Brief biography and list of works from the '''' @ German WikiSource. After doing a portrait of , he was i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Confederation Of Kingdom Of Poland
The General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland (28 June 1812 – 30 April 1813, Polish ''Konfederacja Generalna Królestwa Polskiego'') was a Polish confederation established by emperor Napoleon Bonaparte on the eve of his campaign in Russia. It was formally founded by the Sejm of the Duchy of Warsaw on 28 June 1812. It re-established a form of government very similar to the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Marshal of the General Council of Confederation was named Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski. Its goal was to introduce Polish administration in the Russian territories of what is today Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine following their occupation by Napoleon's Grande Armée. The confederation ceased to exist on 30 April 1813. Gallery File:Seal of the General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland.PNG, Seal of the Confederation References Bibliography * ''Diariusz Sejmowy z roku 1812'', "Teki Archiwalne", t. 21, 1989, pp. 146–152 * A. Rembowski, ''Konfedera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Enlightenment
The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment in Poland were developed later than in Western Europe, as the Polish bourgeoisie was weaker, and szlachta (nobility) culture (Sarmatism) together with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth political system (Golden Liberty) were in deep crisis. The period of Polish Enlightenment began in the 1730s–40s, peaked in the reign of Poland's king, Stanisław August Poniatowski (second half of the 18th century), went into decline with the Third Partition of Poland (1795) – a national tragedy inspiring a short period of sentimental writing – and ended in 1822, replaced by Romanticism.Jerzy Snopek "The Polish Literature of the Enlightenment." (PDF 122 KB) ''Poland.pl.'' History Polish Enlightenment, while sharing many common qualities with the classical Enlightenment movements of Western Europe, also differed from them in many important aspects. Much of the thought of the Western Enlightenment evolved under the oppressive absolute monarchies and was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monitor (Polish Newspaper)
The ''Monitor'' was one of the first newspapers in Poland, printed from 1765 to 1785, during the Polish Enlightenment. It was founded in March 1765 by Ignacy Krasicki and Franciszek Bohomolec, with active support from King Stanisław August Poniatowski. It came out weekly, later semi-weekly. Its title was a tribute to the "small" Monitor published by Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski. Inspired by the English '' Spectator'' and the spirit of rationalism and religious tolerance, ''Monitor'' has contributed to a negative view of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth under the Wettin dynasty. The ''Monitor'' advocated reforms and criticized a degenerate Sarmatian culture and the abuses of "Golden Liberty." Editors: * Franciszek Bohomolec * Ignacy Krasicki * Wawrzyniec Mitzler de Kolofbr> See also * ''Gazeta Narodowa i Obca'' * ''Gazeta Warszawska'' * ''Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny ''Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny'' (The Polish Mercury Ordinary; original 17th-century Polish spel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Starost
The starosta or starost (Cyrillic: ''старост/а'', Latin: ''capitaneus'', german: link=no, Starost, Hauptmann) is a term of Slavic origin denoting a community elder whose role was to administer the assets of a clan or family estates. The Slavic root of starost translates as "senior". Since the Middle Ages, it has meant an official in a leadership position in a range of civic and social contexts throughout Central and Eastern Europe. In terms of a municipality, a ''starosta'' was historically a senior royal administrative official, equivalent to the County Sheriff or the outdated Seneschal, and analogous to a gubernator. In Poland, a ''starosta'' would administer crown territory or a delineated district called a '' starostwo''. In the early Middle Ages, the ''starosta'' could head a settled urban or rural community or other communities, such as a church starosta, or an ''artel'' starosta, etc. The starosta also functioned as the master of ceremonies. Poland Kingdom of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puławy
Puławy (, also written Pulawy) is a city in eastern Poland, in Lesser Poland's Lublin Voivodeship, at the confluence of the Vistula and Kurówka Rivers. Puławy is the capital of Puławy County. The city's 2019 population was estimated at 47,417. Its coat of arms is the Pahonia. Puławy was first mentioned in documents of the 15th century. At that time it was spelled ''Pollavy'', its name probably coming from a Vistula River ford located nearby. The town is a local center of science, industry and tourism, together with nearby Nałęczów and Kazimierz Dolny. Puławy is home to Poland's first permanent museum and is a Vistula River port. The town has two bridges and four rail stations, and serves as a road junction. Nearby Dęblin has a military airport. Location and transport Puławy lies in the western part of Lublin Voivodeship, at the edge of the picturesque Lesser Polish Gorge of the Vistula, and near the easternmost point of the Vistula river. Historically the town bel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czartoryski Palace (Puławy)
The Czartoryski Palace ( pl, Pałac Czartoryskich) is a palace in the town of Pulawy, Poland, whose origins date back to the second half of the 17th century and are related to the history of the magnate families: the Lubomirski, Sieniawski and, above all, the Czartoryski family. History It was first built between 1671 and 1679 by Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski to designs by the Dutch architect Tylman van Gameren. This complex included a garden. The town had passed to the Sieniawski family by 1706, when the palace and its surroundings were destroyed by Swedish troops during the Great Northern War. Reconstruction began under Elżbieta Sieniawska in 1722. Soon afterwards Maria Zofia Czartoryska married August Aleksander Czartoryski and between 1731 and 1736 they built a new Rococo palace on the site, to designs by Jan Zygmunt Deybel. The Beginnings (17th century) This Baroque semi-defensive palace was first built in Puławy between 1671–1679 by the Grand Marshal of the Crown, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanisław August Poniatowski
Stanisław II August (born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; 17 January 1732 – 12 February 1798), known also by his regnal Latin name Stanislaus II Augustus, was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1764 to 1795, and the last monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Born into wealthy Polish aristocracy, Poniatowski arrived as a diplomat at the Russian imperial court in Saint Petersburg in 1755 at the age of 22 and became intimately involved with the future empress Catherine the Great. With her connivance, he was elected King of Poland by the Polish Diet in September 1764 following the death of Augustus III. Contrary to expectations, Poniatowski attempted to reform and strengthen the large but ailing Commonwealth. His efforts were met with external opposition from neighbouring Prussia, Russia and Austria, all committed to keeping the Commonwealth weak. From within he was opposed by conservative interests, which saw the reforms as a threat to their traditional l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Familia (Polish Political Party)
The Familia ("The Family", from Latin ''familia'') was the name of an 18th-century Polish political faction led by the House of Czartoryski and allied families. It was formed towards the end of the reign of King of Poland Augustus II the Strong (reign. 1697–1706, 1709–1733). The Familia's principal leaders were Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski, Grand Chancellor of Lithuania, his brother August Aleksander Czartoryski, Voivode of Ruthenia (Rus), their sister Konstancja Czartoryska,Biogram został opublikowany w latach 1982-1983 w XVII tomie Polskiego Słownika Biograficznego. and their brother-in-law (from 1720), Stanisław Poniatowski, Castellan of Kraków. Formation During the interregnum in 1733, the Familia supported Stanisław I Leszczyński for King. Polish Kings in the period were elected by ballot, by the nobility (Elective Monarchy). The Familia decided to support the Saxon Frederick Augustus II as candidate (elected King Augustus III - reign. 1734–1763 in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski 2
Adam; el, Ἀδάμ, Adám; la, Adam is the name given in Genesis 1-5 to the first human. Beyond its use as the name of the first man, ''adam'' is also used in the Bible as a pronoun, individually as "a human" and in a collective sense as "mankind". tells of God's creation of the world and its creatures, including ''adam'', meaning humankind; in God forms "Adam", this time meaning a single male human, out of "the dust of the ground", places him in the Garden of Eden, and forms a woman, Eve, as his helpmate; in Adam and Eve eat the fruit of the tree of knowledge and God condemns Adam to labour on the earth for his food and to return to it on his death; deals with the birth of Adam's sons, and lists his descendants from Seth to Noah. The Genesis creation myth was adopted by both Christianity and Islam, and the name of Adam accordingly appears in the Christian scriptures and in the Quran. He also features in subsequent folkloric and mystical elaborations in later Judaism, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Izabela Fleming
Elżbieta "Izabela" Dorota Czartoryska (''née'' Flemming; 3 March 1746 – 15 July 1835) was a Polish House of Czartoryski, princess, writer, art collector, and prominent figure in the Enlightenment in Poland, Polish Enlightenment. She was the wife of Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski and a member of the influential ''Familia (political party), Familia'' political party. She is also known for having founded Poland's first museum, the Czartoryski Museum, now located in Kraków. Life She was the daughter of Graf, Count Georg Detlev von Flemming ( pl, Hrabia Jerzy Detloff Flemming) and Princess Antonina Czartoryska. On 18 November 1761, in Voŭčyn, Wołczyn, she married Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski, thus becoming a princess. She was rumored to have had an affair with the Russian ambassador to Poland, Nikolai Vasilyevich Repnin, who was alleged to have fathered her son Adam George Czartoryski. She had also an affair with the Armand Louis de Gontaut, Duke de Lauzun, who says ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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