The Pilocarpaceae are a
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
of
crustose lichen
Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the Substrate (biology), substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichen ...
s in the
order
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood
* Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...
Lecanorales
The Lecanorales are an order of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The order contains 26 families, 269 genera, and 5695 species.
Families
* Aphanopsidaceae
* Biatorellaceae
* Brigan ...
. The species of this family have a
cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext ...
and have been found in a variety of climatic regions.
Pilocarpaceae was
circumscribed
In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius.
Not every polyg ...
by
Alexander Zahlbruckner in
Adolf Engler
Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler (25 March 1844 – 10 October 1930) was a German botanist. He is notable for his work on alpha taxonomy, plant taxonomy and phytogeography, such as ''Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' (''The Natural Plant Families'' ...
's influential 1905 work ''
Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien
''Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' (1887–1915) by Adolf Engler (1844–1930) and Karl Anton Prantl is a complete revision of plant families down to generic level and often even further. As such it forms part of the Engler system of plant tax ...
''.
Description
Pilocarpaceae species are
crustose
Crustose is a habit of some types of algae and lichens in which the organism grows tightly appressed to a substrate, forming a biological layer. ''Crustose'' adheres very closely to the substrates at all points. ''Crustose'' is found on rocks and ...
and have
ascomata
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are mo ...
in the form of an brightly-coloured
apothecium
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are ...
with a poorly-developed margin comprising loosely-intertwined
hypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium.
Structure
A hypha consists of one or ...
e. The
ascospore
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or s ...
s are
hyaline
A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from el, ὑάλινος, translit=hyálinos, lit=transparent, and el, ὕαλος, translit=hýalos, lit=crystal, glass, label=none.
Histopathology
Hyaline cartilage is ...
and often elongated with one or more
septa
The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) is a regional public transportation authority that operates bus, rapid transit, commuter rail, light rail, and electric trolleybus services for nearly 4 million people in five coun ...
.
Genera
Pilocarpaceae contains 32 genera and an estimated 445 species. The following list shows the genera,
authority
In the fields of sociology and political science, authority is the legitimate power of a person or group over other people. In a civil state, ''authority'' is practiced in ways such a judicial branch or an executive branch of government.''The N ...
, year of publication, and number of species as of 2020
(unless a newer source is cited).
*''
Aquacidia''
– 3 spp.
*''
Badimiella'' – 1 sp.
*''
Baflavia'' – 1 sp.
*''
Bapalmuia'' – 22 spp.
*''
Barubria'' – 2 spp.
*''
Brasilicia'' – 6 spp.
*''
Bryogomphus'' – 1 sp.
*''
Byssolecania'' – 7 spp.
*''
Byssoloma'' – 60 spp.
*''
Calopadia'' – 27 spp.
*''
Calopadiopsis''
– 2 spp.
*''
Eugeniella'' – 11 spp.
*''
Fellhanera
''Fellhanera'' is a genus of mostly leaf-dwelling lichens in the family Pilocarpaceae. The genus, circumscribed by lichenologist Antonín Vězda in 1986, honours Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner.
Species
, Species Fungorum
''Index Fu ...
'' – about 100 spp.
*''
Fellhaneropsis'' – 9 spp.
*''
Kantvilasia'' – 1 sp.
*''
Lasioloma'' – 9 spp.
*''
Leimonis'' – 2 spp.
*''
Loflammia'' – 5 spp.
*''
Loflammiopsis''
– 1 sp.
*''
Logilvia'' – 1 sp.
*''
Micarea'' – 126 spp.
*''
Podotara'' – 1 sp.
*''
Pseudocalopadia''
– 1 sp.
*''
Roccellinastrum'' – 7 spp.
*''
Schadonia'' – 4 spp.
*''
Septotrapelia''
– 4 spp.
*''
Sporopodiopsis''
– 2 spp.
*''
Sporopodium'' – 24 spp.
*''
Szczawinskia''
– 5 spp.
*''
Tapellaria'' – 23 spp.
*''
Tapellariopsis''
– 1 sp.
*''
Uluguria'' - sp.
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q31848
Lichen families
Lecanoromycetes families
Taxa named by Alexander Zahlbruckner
Taxa described in 1905