Phosphate minerals contain the tetrahedrally coordinated

phosphate In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid . The phosphate or orthophosphate ion is derived from phospho ...

(PO₄³⁻)

anion An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by conve ...

along sometimes with

arsenate The arsenate ion is . An arsenate (compound) is any compound that contains this ion. Arsenates are salts or esters of arsenic acid. The arsenic atom in arsenate has a valency of 5 and is also known as pentavalent arsenic or As(V). Arsenate res ...

(AsO₄³⁻) and

vanadate In chemistry, a vanadate is an anionic coordination complex of vanadium. Often vanadate refers to oxoanions of vanadium, most of which exist in its highest oxidation state of +5. The complexes and are referred to as hexacyanovanadate(III) and no ...

(VO₄³⁻) substitutions, and

chloride The chloride ion is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−. It is formed when the element chlorine (a halogen) gains an electron or when a compound such as hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water or other polar solvents. Chloride salts ...

(Cl⁻), fluoride (F⁻), and

hydroxide Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. I ...

(OH⁻) anions that also fit into the

crystal structure In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules in a crystal, crystalline material. Ordered structures occur from the intrinsic nature of the constituent particles to form symmetric pat ...

. The phosphate class of minerals is a large and diverse group, however, only a few species are relatively common.

Applications

Thin section scan crossed polarizers Siilinjärvi R301-61

Phosphate rock has high concentration of phosphate minerals, most commonly of the

apatite Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ions, respectively, in the crystal. The formula of the admixture of the three most common e ...

group. It is the major resource mined to produce phosphate fertilizers for the agriculture sector. Phosphate is also used in animal feed supplements,

food preservatives Food preservation includes processes that make food more resistant to microorganism growth and slow the redox, oxidation of fats. This slows down the decomposition and rancidification process. Food preservation may also include processes that in ...

anti-corrosion In chemistry, a corrosion inhibitor or anti-corrosive is a chemical compound that, when added to a liquid or gas, decreases the corrosion rate of a material, typically a metal or an alloy, that comes into contact with the fluid. The effectiveness ...

agents,

cosmetics Cosmetics are constituted mixtures of chemical compounds derived from either natural sources, or synthetically created ones. Cosmetics have various purposes. Those designed for personal care and skin care can be used to cleanse or protect ...

, fungicides,

ceramics A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. Common examples are earthenware, porcelain ...

water treatment Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, inc ...

and

metallurgy Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys. Metallurgy encompasses both the sc ...

. The largest use of minerals mined for their

content is the production of

fertilizer A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients. Fertilizers may be distinct from ...

. Phosphate minerals are often used for control of rust and prevention of corrosion on ferrous materials applied with electrochemical conversion coatings.

Examples

Phosphate minerals include: *

Triphylite Triphylite is a lithium iron(II) phosphate mineral with the chemical formula LiFePO4.IMA-CNMNC List of Miner ...

Li(Fe,Mn)PO₄ *

Monazite Monazite is a primarily reddish-brown phosphate mineral that contains rare-earth elements. Due to variability in composition, monazite is considered a group of minerals. The most common species of the group is monazite-(Ce), that is, the ceriu ...

(La, Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Ce, Th)PO₄ ,rare earth metals * Hinsdalite PbAl₃(PO₄)(SO₄)(OH)₆ *

Pyromorphite Pyromorphite is a mineral species composed of lead chlorophosphate: Pb5( P O4)3 Cl, sometimes occurring in sufficient abundance to be mined as an ore of lead. Crystals are common, and have the form of a hexagonal prism terminated by the basal pl ...

Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl *

Erythrite Erythrite or red cobalt is a secondary hydrated cobalt arsenate mineral with the formula . Erythrite and annabergite, chemical formula , or nickel arsenate form a complete series with the general formula . Erythrite crystallizes in the monocli ...

Co₃(AsO₄)₂·8H₂O *

Amblygonite Amblygonite () is a fluorophosphate mineral, , composed of lithium, sodium, aluminium, phosphate, fluoride and hydroxide. The mineral occurs in pegmatite deposits and is easily mistaken for albite and other feldspars. Its density, cleavage and ...

LiAlPO₄F *

Lazulite Lazulite () is a blue, phosphate mineral containing magnesium, iron, and aluminium phosphate. Lazulite forms one endmember of a solid solution series with the darker iron rich scorzalite. Lazulite crystallizes in the monoclinic system. Crystal ...

(Mg,Fe)Al₂(PO₄)₂(OH)₂ *

Wavellite Wavellite is an aluminium basic phosphate mineral with formula Al3( P O4)2(O H, F)3·5 H2O. Distinct crystals are rare, and it normally occurs as translucent green radial or spherical clusters. Discovery and occurrence Wavellite was first d ...

Al₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₃·5H₂O *

Turquoise Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula . It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gemstone and ornamental stone for thousands of year ...

CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·5H₂O *

Autunite Autunite (hydrated calcium uranyl phosphate), with formula Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2·10–12H2O, is a yellow-greenish fluorescent phosphate mineral with a hardness of 2–. Autunite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and often occurs as tabular square ...

Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·10-12H₂O * Phosphophyllite Zn₂(Fe,Mn)(PO₄)₂•4H₂O * Struvite (NH₄)MgPO₄·6H₂O *

Xenotime Xenotime is a rare-earth phosphate mineral, the major component of which is yttrium orthophosphate ( Y P O4). It forms a solid solution series with chernovite-(Y) ( Y As O4) and therefore may contain trace impurities of arsenic, as well as sili ...

-Y Y(PO₄) *

Apatite Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ions, respectively, in the crystal. The formula of the admixture of the three most common e ...

group Ca₅(PO₄)₃(F,Cl,OH) **

Hydroxylapatite Hydroxyapatite, also called hydroxylapatite (HA), is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH), but it is usually written Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 to denote that the crystal unit cell comprises two entities. ...

Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH ** Fluorapatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃F **

Chlorapatite Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ions, respectively, in the crystal. The formula of the admixture of the three most common en ...

Ca₅(PO₄)₃Cl ** Bromapatite *Mitridatite group: **

Arseniosiderite Arseniosiderite is a rare arsenate mineral formed by the oxidation of other arsenic-containing minerals, such as scorodite or arsenopyrite Arsenopyrite ( IMA symbol: Apy) is an iron arsenic sulfide (FeAsS). It is a hard ( Mohs 5.5-6) metal ...

- mitridatite series (Ca₂(Fe³⁺)₃ (AsO₄)₃�3H₂O -- Ca₂(Fe³⁺)₃ (PO₄)₃�3H₂O) **Arseniosiderite- robertsite series (Ca₂(Fe³⁺)₃ (AsO₄)₃�3H₂O -- Ca₃(Mn³⁺)₄ (PO₄)₂sub>2·3H₂O)Mindat Arseniosiderite-Robertsite Series
/ref>

Nickel–Strunz classification -08- phosphates

IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses it to modify the classification of Nickel–Strunz ( mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication). *Abbreviations: **"*" – discredited (IMA/CNMNC status). **"?" – questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status). **"REE" –

Rare-earth element The rare-earth elements (REE), also called the rare-earth metals or (in context) rare-earth oxides or sometimes the lanthanides ( yttrium and scandium are usually included as rare earths), are a set of 17 nearly-indistinguishable lustrous silv ...

(Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) **"PGE" – Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt) **03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V^{,6/sup> Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
***Neso: insular (from Greek

Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
νησος nēsos, island)
***Soro: grouping (from Greek σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn))
***Cyclo: ring
***Ino: chain (from Greek ις enitive: ινος ''inos'' fibre)
***Phyllo: sheet (from Greek φύλλον ''phyllon'', leaf)
***Tekto: three-dimensional framework
*Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
**NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
**X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
**Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
**##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter

Class: phosphates

* 08.A Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H₂O
** 08.AA With small cations (some also with larger ones): 05 Berlinite
Berlinite ( aluminium phosphate, chemical formula AlPO4 or Al(PO4)) is a rare high-temperature hydrothermal or metasomatic phosphate mineral. It has the same crystal structure as quartz with a low temperature polytype isostructural with α–quar ...
, 05 Rodolicoite; 10 Beryllonite, 15 Hurlbutite, 20 Lithiophosphate Lithiophosphate is a natural form of (pure) lithium orthophosphate. It is an exceedingly rare mineral, occurring in some special types of pegmatites.
References

Lithium minerals
Phosphate minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group ...
, 25 Nalipoite, 30 Olympite
** 08.AB With medium-sized cations: 05 Farringtonite; 10 Ferrisicklerite, 10 Heterosite, 10 Natrophilite, 10 Lithiophilite, 10 Purpurite

Purpurite is a mineral, manganese phosphate, MnPO4 with varying amounts of iron depending upon its source. It occurs in color ranges from brownish black via purple and violet to dark red.

Purpurite forms a series with the iron-bearing endmember ...
, 10 Sicklerite, 10 Simferite, 10 Triphylite

Triphylite is a lithium iron(II) phosphate mineral with the chemical formula LiFePO4.IMA-CNMNC List of Miner ...
; 15 Chopinite, 15 Sarcopside; 20 Beusite, 20 Graftonite
** 08.AC With medium-sized and large cations: 10 IMA2008-054, 10 Alluaudite, 10 Hagendorfite, 10 Ferroalluaudite, 10 Maghagendorfite, 10 Varulite, 10 Ferrohagendorfite*; 15 Bobfergusonite

Bobfergusonite is a mineral with formula Na2Mn5FeAl(PO4)6. The mineral varies in color from green-brown to red-brown. It was discovered in 1986 in Manitoba, Canada, and named for Robert Bury Ferguson (born 1920). , the mineral has only been found ...
, 15 Ferrowyllieite, 15 Qingheiite, 15 Rosemaryite, 15 Wyllieite, 15 Ferrorosemaryite; 20 Maricite, 30 Brianite, 35 Vitusite-(Ce); 40 Olgite?, 40 Bario-olgite; 45 Ferromerrillite, 45 Bobdownsite

Whitlockite is a mineral, an unusual form of calcium phosphate. Its formula is Ca9(Mg Fe)(PO4)6PO3O H. It is a relatively rare mineral but is found in granitic pegmatites, phosphate rock deposits, guano caves and in chondrite meteorites. It wa ...
, 45 Merrillite-(Ca)*, 45 Merrillite

Merrillite is a calcium phosphate mineral with the chemical formula Ca9NaMg(PO4)7. It is an anhydrous, sodium-rich member of the merrillite ''group'' of minerals.
Mineral species, sub-group and group
Merrillite is a distinct '' mineral species'' ...
, 45 Merrillite-(Y)*, 45 Whitlockite

Whitlockite is a mineral, an unusual form of Tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate. Its formula is Ca9(Mgiron, Fe)(PO4)6PO3Ohydrogen, H. It is a relatively rare mineral but is found in granitic pegmatites, phosphate rock deposits, guano caves a ...
, 45 Tuite Tuite is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

* Aidan Tuite, Irish Gaelic footballer
* Gabrielle Tuite (born 1977), American model and actress
* Gerry Tuite (1910–1990), Australian rules footballer
* Hugh Morgan Tuite (1795–1868) ...
, 45 Strontiowhitlockite; 50 Stornesite-(Y), 50 Xenophyllite, 50 Fillowite, 50 Chladniite, 50 Johnsomervilleite, 50 Galileiite; 55 Harrisonite, 60 Kosnarite, 65 Panethite, 70 Stanfieldite, 90 IMA2008-064
** 08.AD With only large cations: 05 Nahpoite, 10 Monetite, 15 Archerite, 15 Biphosphammite; 20 Phosphammite, 25 Buchwaldite; 35 Pretulite, 35 Xenotime

Xenotime is a rare-earth phosphate mineral, the major component of which is yttrium orthophosphate ( Y P O4). It forms a solid solution series with chernovite-(Y) ( Y As O4) and therefore may contain trace impurities of arsenic, as well as sili ...
-(Y), 35 Xenotime-(Yb); 45 Ximengite, 50 Monazite

Monazite is a primarily reddish-brown phosphate mineral that contains rare-earth elements. Due to variability in composition, monazite is considered a group of minerals. The most common species of the group is monazite-(Ce), that is, the ceriu ...
-(Ce), 50 Monazite-(La), 50 Monazite-(Nd), 50 Monazite-(Sm), 50 Brabantite?
* 08.B Phosphates, etc. with Additional Anions, without H₂O
** 08.BA With small and medium-sized cations: 05 Vayrynenite; 10 Hydroxylherderite, 10 Herderite

Herderite is a phosphate mineral belonging to the apatite, phosphate group, with formula CaBe(PO4)(F,OH). It forms monoclinic crystals, often twinned and variable in colour from colourless through yellow to green. It forms a series with the more ...
; 15 Babefphite
** 08.BB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ £1:1: 05 Amblygonite

Amblygonite () is a fluorophosphate mineral, , composed of lithium, sodium, aluminium, phosphate, fluoride and hydroxide. The mineral occurs in pegmatite deposits and is easily mistaken for albite and other feldspars. Its density, cleavage and ...
, 05 Natromontebrasite

Amblygonite () is a fluorophosphate mineral, , composed of lithium, sodium, aluminium, phosphate, fluoride and hydroxide. The mineral occurs in pegmatite deposits and is easily mistaken for albite and other feldspars. Its density, cleavage and f ...
?, 05 Montebrasite

Amblygonite () is a fluorophosphate mineral, , composed of lithium, sodium, aluminium, phosphate, fluoride and hydroxide. The mineral occurs in pegmatite deposits and is easily mistaken for albite and other feldspars. Its density, cleavage and f ...
?, 05 Tavorite; 10 Zwieselite, 10 Triplite

Triplite is a rare phosphate mineral with formula: . It occurs in phosphate-rich granitic pegmatites typically as irregular brown opaque masses. Triplite was first described in 1813 for an occurrence in Chanteloube, Limousin, France.Magniotriplite?, 10 Hydroxylwagnerite; 15 Joosteite, 15 Stanekite, 15 Triploidite

Triploidite is an uncommon manganese iron phosphate mineral with formula: . It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system and typically occurs as elongated and striated slender prisms which may be columnar to fibrous. Its crystals may be pink ...
, 15 Wolfeite, 15 Wagnerite

Wagnerite is a mineral, a combined phosphate and fluoride of iron and magnesium, with the formula . It occurs in pegmatite associated with other phosphate minerals. It is named after Franz Michael von Wagner (1768–1851), a German mining offic ...
; 20 Satterlyite, 20 Holtedahlite; 25 Althausite; 30 Libethenite
Libethenite is a rare copper phosphate hydroxide mineral. It forms striking, dark green orthorhombic crystals. It was discovered in 1823 in Ľubietová, Slovakia and is named after the German name of that locality (''Libethen''). Libethenite has a ...
, 30 Zincolibethenite; 35 Tarbuttite

Tarbuttite is a rare phosphate mineral with formula Zn2(PO4)(OH). It was discovered in 1907 in what is now Zambia and named for Percy Tarbutt.
Description and habit
Tarbuttite is white, yellow, red, green, brown, or colorless; in transmitted li ...
; 40 Barbosalite, 40 Hentschelite, 40 Scorzalite

Scorzalite () is a dark blue phosphate mineral containing iron, magnesium, and aluminium phosphate. Scorzalite forms one endmember of a solid solution series with the lighter, more magnesium-rich lazulite.

Scorzalite crystallizes in the monoclini ...
, 40 Lazulite

Lazulite () is a blue, phosphate mineral containing magnesium, iron, and aluminium phosphate. Lazulite forms one endmember of a solid solution series with the darker iron rich scorzalite.

Lazulite crystallizes in the monoclinic system. Crystal ...
; 45 Trolleite, 55 Phosphoellenbergerite; 90 Zinclipscombite, 90 Lipscombite, 90 Richellite
** 08.BC With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ > 1:1 and < 2:1: 10 Plimerite, 10 Frondelite, 10 Rockbridgeite
** 08.BD With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 2:1: 05 Pseudomalachite
Pseudomalachite is a phosphate of copper with hydroxyl, named from the Greek for “false” and “malachite”, because of its similarity in appearance to the carbonate mineral malachite, Cu2(CO3)(OH)2. Both are green coloured secondary minerals ...
, 05 Reichenbachite, 10 Gatehouseite
Gatehouseite is a manganese hydroxy phosphate mineral with formula Mn5(PO4)2(OH)4. First discovered in 1987, it was identified as a new mineral species in 1992 and named for Bryan M. K. C. Gatehouse (born 1932). , it is known from only one mine i ...
, 25 Ludjibaite
** 08.BE With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ > 2:1: 05 Augelite

Augelite is an aluminium phosphate mineral with formula: Al2( P O4)(O H)3. The shade varies from colorless to white, yellow or rose. Its crystal system is monoclinic.Richard V. Gaines, H. Catherine W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, and Ab ...
, 10 Grattarolaite, 15 Cornetite

Cornetite is a phosphate of copper with hydroxyl, named after the geologist . It was discovered in 1917.
Type Locality

Cornetite is most notably found in the Star of Congo mine, near Lubumbashi.
Environment

Cornetite is a rare secondary ...
, 30 Raadeite, 85 Waterhouseite
** 08.BF With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ < 0.5:1: 05 Arrojadite, 05 Arrojadite-(BaFe), 05 Arrojadite-(KFe), 05 Arrojadite-(NaFe), 05 Arrojadite-(SrFe), 05 Arrojadite-(KNa), 05 Arrojadite-(PbFe), 05 Arrojadite-(BaNa), 05 Fluorarrojadite-(BaNa), 05 Fluorarrojadite-(KNa), 05 Fluorarrojadite-(BaFe), 05 Ferri-arrojadite-(BaNa), 05 Dickinsonite, 05 Dickinsonite-(KNa), 05 Dickinsonite-(KMnNa), 05 Dickinsonite-(KNaNa), 05 Dickinsonite-(NaNa); 10 Samuelsonite, 15 Griphite, 20 Nabiasite
** 08.BG With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 0.5:1: 05 Bearthite, 05 Goedkenite, 05 Tsumebite
Tsumebite is a rare phosphate mineral named in 1912 after the locality where it was first found, the Tsumeb mine in Namibia, well known to mineral collectors for the wide range of minerals found there. Tsumebite is a compound phosphate and sulfate ...
; 10 Melonjosephite, 15 Tancoite
** 08.BH With medium-sized and large cations, (OH,etc.):RO₄ = 1:1: 05 Thadeuite; 10 Lacroixite, 10 Isokite, 10 Panasqueiraite; 15 Drugmanite; 20 Bjarebyite, 20 Kulanite, 20 Penikisite, 20 Perloffite, 20 Johntomaite; 25 Bertossaite, 25 Palermoite; 55 Jagowerite, 60 Attakolite
** 08.BK With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.): 05 Brazilianite

Brazilianite, whose name derives from its country of origin, Brazil, is a typically yellow-green phosphate mineral, most commonly found in phosphate-rich pegmatites.

It occurs in the form of perfect crystals grouped in druses, in pegmatites, and ...
, 15 Curetonite, 25 Lulzacite
** 08.BL With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 3:1: 05 Corkite

Corkite is a phosphate mineral in the beudantite subgroup of the alunite group. Corkite is the phosphate analogue of beudantite and with it, a complete solid solution range exists. Corkite will also form a solid solution with kintoreite.

Cork ...
, 05 Hinsdalite, 05 Orpheite, 05 Woodhouseite, 05 Svanbergite
Svanbergite is a colorless, yellow or reddish mineral with the chemical formula Sr Al3( P O4)( SO4)(O H)6. It has rhombohedral crystals.Richard V. Gaines, H. Catherine W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, and Abraham Rosenzweig: " Dana's new ...
; 10 Kintoreite, 10 Benauite, 10 Crandallite

Crandallite is a calcium aluminium basic phosphate mineral. It has ideal formula .
Crandallite was named after Milan L. Crandall, Jr, who worked for Knight Syndicate.
This mineral is found in laterite and in alteration products of phosphate rich ...
, 10 Goyazite, 10 Springcreekite, 10 Gorceixite; 10 Lusungite?, 10 Plumbogummite, 10 Ferrazite?; 13 Eylettersite, 13 Florencite

Florencite-(Sm) is a very rare mineral of the plumbogummite group (alunite supergroup) with simplified formula SmAl3(PO4)2(OH)6. Samarium in florencite-(Sm) is substituted by other rare earth elements, mostly neodymium. It does not form separate c ...
-(Ce), 13 Florencite-(La), 13 Florencite-(Nd), 13 Waylandite, 13 Zairite; 15 Viitaniemiite, 20 Kuksite, 25 Pattersonite
** 08.BM With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 4:1: 10 Paulkellerite, 15 Brendelite
** 08.BN With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 0.33:1: 05 IMA2008-068, 05 Phosphohedyphane, 05 IMA2008-009, 05 Alforsite

Alforsite is a barium phosphate chloride mineral with formula: Ba5(PO4)3Cl. It was discovered in 1981, and named to honor geologist John T. Alfors (1930–2005) of the California Geological Survey for his work in the area where it was discover ...
, 05 Apatite

Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and chlorapatite, with high concentrations of OH−, F− and Cl− ions, respectively, in the crystal. The formula of the admixture of the three most common e ...
*, 05 Apatite-(CaOH), 05 Apatite-(CaCl), 05 Apatite-(CaF), 05 Apatite-(SrOH), 05 Apatite-(CaOH)-M, Carbonate-fluorapatite?, 05 Carbonate-hydroxylapatite?, 05 Belovite-(Ce), 05 Belovite-(La), 05 Fluorcaphite

Fluorcaphite is a mineral with the chemical formula . It is found in the Kola Peninsula in Russia. Its crystals are Hexagonal crystal system, hexagonal (dipyramidal class) and are Transparency (optics), transparent with a vitreous Lustre (mineralo ...
, 05 Pyromorphite

Pyromorphite is a mineral species composed of lead chlorophosphate: Pb5( P O4)3 Cl, sometimes occurring in sufficient abundance to be mined as an ore of lead. Crystals are common, and have the form of a hexagonal prism terminated by the basal pl ...
, 05 Hydroxylpyromorphite, 05 Deloneite-(Ce), 05 Kuannersuite-(Ce), 10 Arctite

Arctite ( Na2 Ca4( P O4)3 F) is a colourless mineral found in the Kola Peninsula northern Russia. Its IMA symbol is Arc. It has a Mohs hardness of 5 and has a specific gravity of 3.13. Arctite is transparent with a vitreous lustre. Arctite has a ...

** 08.BO With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ 1:1: 05 Nacaphite, 10 Petitjeanite, 15 Smrkovecite, 25 Heneuite, 30 Nefedovite, 40 Artsmithite
* 08.C Phosphates without Additional Anions, with H₂O
** 08.CA With small and large/medium cations: 05 Fransoletite, 05 Parafransoletite; 10 Ehrleite, 15 Faheyite; 20 Gainesite, 20 Mccrillisite, 20 Selwynite; 25 Pahasapaite, 30 Hopeite

Hopeite is a hydrated zinc phosphate with formula: Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O. It is a rare mineral used mainly as a collectors specimen.

Hopeite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with prism (geometry), prismatic, Glass, vitreous white to yellow crys ...
, 40 Phosphophyllite; 45 Parascholzite, 45 Scholzite; 65 Gengenbachite, 70 Parahopeite
Zinc phosphate is an inorganic compound with the formula Zn3( PO4)2. This white powder is widely used as a corrosion resistant coating on metal surfaces either as part of an electroplating process or applied as a primer pigment (see also red l ...

** 08.CB With only medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O = 1:1: 05 Serrabrancaite, 10 Hureaulite
** 08.CC With only medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O = 1:1.5: 05 Garyansellite, 05 Kryzhanovskite, 05 Landesite, 05 Phosphoferrite, 05 Reddingite
** 08.CD With only medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O = 1:2: 05 Kolbeckite

Kolbeckite (scandium phosphate dihydrate) is a mineral with formula: ScPO4·2H2O. It was discovered originally at Schmiedeberg, Saxony, Germany in 1926 and is named after Friedrich L. W. Kolbeck, a German mineralogist. Kolbeckite is usually found ...
, 05 Metavariscite, 05 Phosphosiderite

Phosphosiderite is a rare mineral named for its main components, phosphate and iron. The siderite at the end of phosphosiderite comes from the word "sideros", the Greek word for iron. It was published in 1890, and has been a valid species since p ...
; 10 Strengite
Strengite is a relatively rare iron phosphate mineral with the formula: FePO4 · 2H2O. The mineral is named after the German mineralogist Johann August Streng (1830–1897). Lavender, pink or purple in hue, it is similar to variscite and is p ...
, 10 Variscite

Variscite is a hydrated aluminium phosphate mineral (). It is a relatively rare phosphate mineral. It is sometimes confused with turquoise; however, variscite is usually greener in color. The green color results from the presence of small amounts ...
; 20 Ludlamite
** 08.CE With only medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O £1:2.5: 10 Newberyite, 20 Phosphorrosslerite; 25 Metaswitzerite, 25 Switzerite; 35 Bobierrite; 40 Arupite, 40 Baricite, 40 Vivianite

Vivianite () is a hydrated iron phosphate mineral found in a number of geological environments. Small amounts of manganese Mn2+, magnesium Mg and calcium Ca may substitute for iron Fe2+ in the structure.Gaines et al (1997) Dana’s New Minera ...
, 40 Pakhomovskyite; 50 Cattiite, 55 Koninckite; 75 IMA2008-046, 75 Malhmoodite; 80 Santabarbaraite, 85 Metavivianite
** 08.CF With large and medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O > 1:1: 05 Tassieite, 05 Wicksite, 05 Bederite; 10 Haigerachite
** 08.CG With large and medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O = 1:1: 05 Collinsite, 05 Cassidyite, 05 Fairfieldite, 05 Messelite, 05 Hillite, (05 Uranophane-beta but Uranophane

Uranophane ( Ca( U O2)2( SiO3O H)2·5 H2O), also known as uranotile, is a rare calcium uranium silicate hydrate mineral that forms from the oxidation of other uranium-bearing minerals. It has a yellow color and is radioactive.

Alice Mary Weeks, a ...
09.AK.15); 20 Phosphogartrellite
** 08.CH With large and medium-sized cations, RO₄:H₂O < 1:1: 10 Anapaite, 20 Dittmarite, 20 Niahite, 25 Francoanellite, 25 Taranakite, 30 Schertelite, 35 Hannayite, 40 Hazenite, 40 Struvite, 40 Struvite-(K), 45 Rimkorolgite, 50 Bakhchisaraitsevite, 55 IMA2008-048
** 08.CJ With only large cations: 05 Stercorite

Stercorite is the mineral form of microcosmic salt. The name comes from the Latin

Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Ti ...
, 10 Mundrabillaite, 10 Swaknoite, 15 Nastrophite, 15 Nabaphite, 45 Brockite, 45 Grayite, 45 Rhabdophane-(Ce), 45 Rhabdophane-(La), 45 Rhabdophane-(Nd), 45 Tristramite, 50 Brushite

Brushite is a phosphate mineral with the chemical formula . Crystals of the pure compound belong to the monoclinic space group C2/c and are colorless.Churchite-(Dy)*, 50 Churchite-(Nd), 50 Churchite-(Y), 50 Ardealite, 60 Dorfmanite, 70 Catalanoite, 80 Ningyoite
* 08.D Phosphates
** 08.DA With small (and occasionally larger) cations: 05 Moraesite, 10 Footemineite, 10 Ruifrancoite, 10 Guimaraesite, 10 Roscherite, 10 Zanazziite, 10 Atencioite, 10 Greifensteinite; 15 Uralolite, 20 Weinebeneite, 25 Tiptopite, 30 Veszelyite, 35 Kipushite, 40 Spencerite, 45 Glucine
** 08.DB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ < 1:1: 05 Diadochite

Diadochite is a phospho-sulfate mineral. It is a secondary mineral formed by the weathering and hydration of other minerals. Its formula is Fe2(PO4)(SO4)OH·5H2O. Well crystallized forms are referred to as ''destinezite'', which has been given of ...
, 10 Vashegyite, 15 Schoonerite, 20 Sinkankasite, 25 Mitryaevaite, 30 Sanjuanite, 50 Giniite, 55 Sasaite, 60 Mcauslanite, 65 Goldquarryite, 70 Birchite
** 08.DC With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 1:1 and < 2:1: 05 Nissonite; 15 Kunatite, 15 Earlshannonite, 15 Whitmoreite; 17 Kleemanite, 20 Bermanite, 207? Oxiberaunite*, 22 Kovdorskite
Kovdorskite, Mg2PO4(OH)·3H2O, is a rare, hydrated, magnesium phosphate mineral. It was first described by Kapustin ''et al.'',Kapustin, Y. L., Bykova, A. V. & Pudovkina, Z. V. (1980). Zap. Vses. Mineral. Ova. 109, 341-34/ref> and is found only in ...
; 25 Ferrostrunzite, 25 Ferristrunzite, 25 Metavauxite, 25 Strunzite; 27 Beraunite; 30 Gordonite, 30 Laueite, 30 Sigloite, 30 Paravauxite, 30 Ushkovite, 30 Ferrolaueite, 30 Mangangordonite, 30 Pseudolaueite, 30 Stewartite, 30 Kastningite, 35 Vauxite, 37 Vantasselite, 40 Cacoxenite
Cacoxenite is an iron aluminium phosphate mineral with formula: Fe3+24Al(PO4)17O6(OH)12·17(H2O). Cacoxenite is associated with iron ores. The name comes from the Greek κăκός for "bad" or "evil" and ξένος for "guest" because the phosphor ...
; 45 Gormanite, 45 Souzalite; 47 Kingite; 50 Wavellite

Wavellite is an aluminium basic phosphate mineral with formula Al3( P O4)2(O H, F)3·5 H2O. Distinct crystals are rare, and it normally occurs as translucent green radial or spherical clusters.
Discovery and occurrence

Wavellite was first d ...
, 50 Allanpringite, 52 Kribergite, 60 Nevadaite

Nevadaite is a rare phosphate mineral with a chemical formula of

Characteristics
Nevadaite is a pale-green to turquoise colored mineral belonging to the phosphate group. It exhibits a radial crystal habit consisting of prismatic crystals cover ...

** 08.DD With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 2:1: 15 Aheylite, 15 Chalcosiderite, 15 Faustite The IMA approved mineral faustite, named after the American mineralogist and petrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Dr. George Tobias Faust, is a member of the triclinic turquoise group of hydrous phosphates with the following chemical ...
, 15 Planerite, 15 Turquoise

Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula . It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gemstone and ornamental stone for thousands of year ...
; 20 Ernstite, 20 Childrenite, 20 Eosphorite
** 08.DE With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 3:1: 05 Senegalite, 10 Fluellite, 20 Zapatalite, (35 Alumoakermanite, Mindat.org: 09.BB.10), 35 Aldermanite
** 08.DF With only medium-sized cations, (OH,etc.):RO₄ > 3:1: 05 Hotsonite-VII, 05 Hotsonite-VI; 10 Bolivarite, 10 Evansite, 10 Rosieresite, 25 Sieleckiite, 40 Gladiusite
** 08.DG With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ < 0.5:1: 05 Sampleite
** 08.DH With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ < 1:1: 05 Minyulite

Minyulite is a rare phosphate mineral with a chemical formula of (redefinition, IMA21-E).

It occurs as groups of radiating fine fibrous crystals within rock cracks of phosphatic ironstone. Minyulite belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system. Th ...
; 10 Leucophosphite, 10 Spheniscidite, 10 Tinsleyite; 15 Kaluginite*, 15 Keckite, 15 Jahnsite-(CaMnFe), 15 Jahnsite-(CaMnMg), 15 Jahnsite-(CaMnMn), 15 Jahnsite-(MnMnMn)*, 15 Jahnsite-(CaFeFe), 15 Jahnsite-(NaFeMg), 15 Jahnsite-(CaMgMg), 15 Jahnsite-(NaMnMg), 15 Rittmannite, 15 Whiteite Whiteite is a rare hydrated hydroxyphosphate mineral.

Whiteite subgroup
The name whiteite refers to three minerals in the jahnsite-whiteite group, whiteite subgroup. Subgroup members (formulae from IMA):
*Whiteite-(CaFeMg), IMA1975-001, CaFe2+M ...
-(MnFeMg), 15 Whiteite-(CaFeMg), 15 Whiteite-(CaMnMg); 20 Manganosegelerite, 20 Overite, 20 Segelerite, 20 Wilhelmvierlingite, 20 Juonniite; 25 Calcioferrite, 25 Kingsmountite, 25 Montgomeryite, 25 Zodacite; 30 Lunokite, 30 Pararobertsite, 30 Robertsite, 30 Mitridatite; 35 Matveevite?, 35 Mantienneite, 35 Paulkerrite, 35 Benyacarite, 40 Xanthoxenite, 55 Englishite
** 08.DJ With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 1:l: 05 Johnwalkite, 05 Olmsteadite, 10 Gatumbaite, 20 Meurigite-Na, 20 Meurigite-K, 20 Phosphofibrite, 25 Jungite, 30 Wycheproofite, 35 Ercitite, 40 Mrazekite
** 08.DK With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ > 1:1 and < 2:1: 15 Matioliite, 15 IMA2008-056, 15 Dufrenite, 15 Burangaite, 15 Natrodufrenite; 20 Kidwellite, 25 Bleasdaleite, 30 Matulaite, 35 Krasnovite
** 08.DL With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ = 2:1: 05 Foggite; 10 Cyrilovite
Cyrilovite (NaFe33+(PO4)2(OH)4·2(H2O)) is a hydrous sodium iron phosphate mineral. It is isomorphous and isostructural with wardite, the sodium aluminium counterpart.Lindberg, M. L. (1957) Relationship of the minerals avelinoite, cyrilovite, and ...
, 10 Millisite, 10 Wardite

Wardite is a hydrous sodium aluminium phosphate hydroxide mineral with formula: Na Al3( P O4)2(O H)4·2( H2O). Wardite is of interest for its rare crystallography. It crystallizes in the tetragonal trapezohedral class and is one of only a few ...
; 15 Petersite-(Y), 15 Calciopetersite; 25 Angastonite
** 08.DM With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO₄ > 2:1: 05 Morinite, 15 Melkovite, 25 Gutsevichite?, 35 Delvauxite
** 08.DN With only large cations: 05 Natrophosphate, 10 Isoclasite, 15 Lermontovite, 20 Vyacheslavite
** 08.DO With CO₃, SO₄, SiO₄: 05 Girvasite, 10 Voggite, 15 Peisleyite, 20 Perhamite, 25 Saryarkite-(Y), 30 Micheelsenite, 40 Parwanite, 45 Skorpionite
* 08.E Uranyl Phosphates
** 08.EA UO₂:RO₄ = 1:2: 05 Phosphowalpurgite, 10 Parsonsite

Parsonsite is a lead uranium phosphate mineral with chemical formula: Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2·2H2O. Parsonsite contains about 45% lead and 25% uranium. It forms elongated lathlike pseudo monoclinic crystals, radial spherulites, encrustations and powdery a ...
, 15 Ulrichite, 20 Lakebogaite
** 08.EB UO₂:RO₄ = 1:1: 05 Autunite

Autunite (hydrated calcium uranyl phosphate), with formula Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2·10–12H2O, is a yellow-greenish fluorescent phosphate mineral with a hardness of 2–. Autunite crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and often occurs as tabular square ...
, 05 Uranocircite, 05 Torbernite

Torbernite is a radioactive, hydrated green copper uranyl phosphate mineral, found in granites and other uranium-bearing deposits as a secondary mineral. Its name derives from the Swedish chemist Torbern Bergman (1735–1784), It is also known ...
, 05 Xiangjiangite, 05 Saleeite
Saleeite is a secondary uranium mineral occurring in the oxidized zones of uranium deposits, or as disseminations in carnotite-bearing sandstones. Its chemical formula is Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2·10(H2O).

It was discovered in 1932 at Shinkolobwe, Katang ...
; 10 Bassetite, 10 Meta-autunite, 10 Metauranocircite, 10 Metatorbernite

Metatorbernite (or meta-torbernite) is a radioactive phosphate mineral, and is a dehydration pseudomorph of torbernite. Chemically, it is a copper uranyl phosphate and usually occurs in the form of green platy deposits. It can form by direct depos ...
, 10 Lehnerite, 10 Przhevalskite; 15 Chernikovite, 15 Meta-ankoleite, 15 Uramphite; 20 Threadgoldite, 25 Uranospathite, 30 Vochtenite, 35 Coconinoite, 40 Ranunculite, 45 Triangulite, 50 Furongite, 55 Sabugalite
** 08.EC UO₂:RO₄ = 3:2: 05 Francoisite-(Ce), 05 Francoisite-(Nd), 05 Phuralumite, 05 Upalite; 10 Kivuite?, 10 Yingjiangite, 10 Renardite, 10 Dewindtite, 10 Phosphuranylite
Phosphuranylite is a uranyl phosphate mineral with formula KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4·8(H2O).

It was first described in 1879 by Frederick Augustus Genth, from an occurrence in the Flat Rock pegmatite in Mitchell County, North Carolina

Mitchell ...
; 15 Dumontite; 20 Metavanmeersscheite, 20 Vanmeersscheite; 25 Althupite, 30 Mundite, 35 Phurcalite, 40 Bergenite
** 08.ED Unclassified: 05 Moreauite, 10 Sreinite, 15 Kamitugaite
* 08.F Polyphosphates
** 08.FA Polyphosphates, without OH and H₂O; dimers of corner-sharing RO₄ tetrahedra: 20 Pyrocoproite*, 20 Pyrophosphite

A phosphite anion or phosphite in inorganic chemistry usually refers to PO3sup>2− but includes 2PO3sup>− ( PO2(OH)sup>−). These anions are the conjugate bases of phosphorous acid (H3PO3). The corresponding salts, e.g. sodium phosphite ...
*
** 08.FC Polyphosphates, with H₂O only: 10 Canaphite, 20 Arnhemite*, 25 Wooldridgeite, 30 Kanonerovite
* 08.X Unclassified Strunz Phosphates
** 08.XX Unknown: 00 Sodium-autunite, 00 Pseudo-autunite*, 00 Cheralite-(Ce)?, 00 Laubmannite?, 00 Spodiosite?, 00 Sodium meta-autunite, 00 Kerstenite?, 00 Lewisite
Lewisite (L) (A-243) is an organoarsenic compound. It was once manufactured in the U.S., Japan, Germany and the Soviet Union for use as a Chemical warfare, chemical weapon, acting as a vesicant (blister agent) and lung irritant. Although the substa ...
, 00 Coeruleolactite, 00 Viseite, 00 IMA2009-005

References

* Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, ''Manual of Mineralogy'', 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York
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Webmineral - Dana

- Australian Mineral Atlas

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