Phong Châu
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Phong Châu () was the
capital city A capital city, or just capital, is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state (polity), state, province, department (administrative division), department, or other administrative division, subnational division, usually as its ...
of Văn Lang (now
Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
) for the most part of the Hồng Bàng period, from the Third dynasty to the
eighteenth dynasty The Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVIII, alternatively 18th Dynasty or Dynasty 18) is classified as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the era in which ancient Egypt achieved the peak of its power. The Eighteenth Dynasty ...
of
Hùng king Hùng king (2879 BC – 258 BC; Chữ Hán: 雄王; (雄王) or ''vua Hùng'' (𤤰雄); ''Vương'' means "king" and ''vua'' means "monarch; could mean emperor or king") is the title given to the ancient Vietnamese rulers of the Hồng Bàng dy ...
s.


History

The historical site was the third capital of Văn Lang, following the previous capital Nghĩa Lĩnh. Its ruins are located near Bạch Hạc District,
Việt Trì Việt Trì is the capital city of Phú Thọ Province in the Northeast region of Vietnam. In 2010, the city had a population of 260,288. The city covers an area of . Việt Trì is also the economic centre of the province and contains many i ...
,
Phú Thọ Province Phú Thọ is a Provinces of Vietnam, province in Đông Bắc, northern Vietnam. Its capital is Việt Trì, which is from Hanoi and from Noi Bai International Airport, Nội Bài International Airport. The province covers an area of and, as ...
, and also the name of Phong Châu district, Phú Thọ province. Chinese sources, dated back to the
Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, c=唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an Wu Zhou, interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed ...
(7th- to 9th-century), were the earliest historical sources which mention Phong Châu as the capital of the ancient state of Văn Lang. The 15th century book ''
Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư The ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'' ( vi-hantu, 大越史記全書; ; ''Complete Annals of Đại Việt'') is the official national chronicle of the Đại Việt, that was originally compiled by the royal historian Ngô Sĩ Liên under ...
'' (Đại Việt Complete History) gave more information about Phong Châu. According to legend, the site was where Âu Cơ, wife of King Lạc Long Quân, gave birth to their children, commemorated at the Hùng Temple in modern Phong Châu district, Phú Thọ province. For this reason, the history of Phú Thọ province is closely linked to that of the country itself. Phong Châu's eventual downfall was due to the weakening of the Hùng king, following the rise of foreign powers. In 258 BC, the
Âu Việt The Âu Việt or Ouyue () were an ancient conglomeration of Baiyue tribes living in what is today the mountainous regions of northernmost Vietnam, western Guangdong, and northern Guangxi, China, since at least the third century BCE. They were b ...
tribes under the leadership of Thục Phán sacked Phong Châu during their invasion of Văn Lang. With the end of the Hùng King Epoch, the seat of government moved to Cổ Loa.


See also

* List of historical capitals of Vietnam


Other people from Phong Châu

* Kiều Công Tiễnaccording to Từ điển Bách khoa toàn thư Việt Nam * Kiều Công Hãn ( vi), a
warlord Warlords are individuals who exercise military, Economy, economic, and Politics, political control over a region, often one State collapse, without a strong central or national government, typically through informal control over Militia, local ...
who held Phong Châu, Bạch Hạc, Phu Tho Province, during the
Anarchy of the 12 Warlords The Anarchy of the 12 Warlords (, chữ Nôm: 亂𨑮𠄩使君; Sino-Vietnamese: ''Thập nhị sứ quân chi loạn'', chữ Hán: 十二使君之亂), also the Period of the 12 Warlords, was a period of chaos and civil war in the history of ...
.


Note


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phong Chau Archaeological sites in Vietnam Former national capitals Former populated places in Vietnam Phú Thọ province Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC