''Phellinus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...

in the family

Hymenochaetaceae The ''Hymenochaetaceae'' are a family of fungi in the order Hymenochaetales. The family contains several species that are implicated in many diseases of broad-leaved and coniferous trees, causing heart rot, canker and root diseases, and also esc ...

. Many species cause

white rot A wood-decay or xylophagous fungus is any species of fungus that digests moist wood, causing it to rot. Some species of wood-decay fungi attack dead wood, such as brown rot, and some, such as ''Armillaria'' (honey fungus), are parasitic and col ...

Fruit bodies The sporocarp (also known as fruiting body, fruit body or fruitbody) of fungi is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruitbody is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cyc ...

, which are found growing on wood, are

resupinate Resupination is derived from the Latin word ''resupinus'', meaning "bent back with the face upward" or "on the back". "Resupination" is the noun form of the adjective "resupine" which means "being upside-down, supine or facing upward". The word " ...

sessile Sessility, or sessile, may refer to: * Sessility (motility), organisms which are not able to move about * Sessility (botany), flowers or leaves that grow directly from the stem or peduncle of a plant * Sessility (medicine), tumors and polyps that ...

, and

perennial A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wide ...

. The

flesh Flesh is any aggregation of soft tissues of an organism. Various multicellular organisms have soft tissues that may be called "flesh". In mammals, including humans, ''flesh'' encompasses muscle Skeletal muscles (commonly referred to as mu ...

is tough and woody or cork-like, and brown in color.

Clamp connection A clamp connection is a hook-like structure formed by growing hyphal cells of certain fungi. It is a characteristic feature of Basidiomycetes fungi. It is created to ensure that each cell, or segment of hypha separated by septa (cross walls), rece ...

s are absent, and the skeletal

hypha A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or ...

e are yellowish-brown. The name ''Phellinus'' means ''cork''. The species ''

Phellinus ellipsoideus ''Phellinus ellipsoideus'' (formerly ''Fomitiporia ellipsoidea'') is a species of polypore fungus in the family Hymenochaetaceae, a specimen of which produced the largest fungal fruit body ever recorded. Found in China, the fruit bodies produced ...

'' (previously ''Fomitiporia ellipsoidea'') produced the largest ever fungal fruit body. Phellinin_a-B

''Phellinus'' species produce a number of natural chemicals which are of interest to science. These include the natural

phenol Phenol (also called carbolic acid) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula . It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group () bonded to a hydroxy group (). Mildly acidic, it req ...

hispidin Hispidin is a natural substance. It can also be synthesized. Hispidin 4-''O''-β-D-glucopyranoside can be found in ''Pteris ensiformis'' whereas hispidin derivatives, such as phellibaumins, can be found in the edible mushroom '' Inonotus xerantic ...

bio-active In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or ph ...

styrylpyrones called phelligridins, and bio-active

isolate Isolate may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Isolate'' (film), a 2013 Australian film * ''Isolate'' (Circus Maximus album), 2007 * ''Isolate'' (Gary Numan album), 1992 Language * Isolating language, with near-unity morpheme/word ...

s called phellinins.

Uses

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

, Aborigines have used ''Phellinus'' fruit bodies medicinally. The smoke from burning fruit bodies was inhaled by those with sore throats. Scrapings from slightly charred fruit bodies were drunk with water to treat coughing, sore throats, "bad chests", fevers and diarrhoea. There is some uncertainty about which species of ''Phellinus'' were used.

Species

Index Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names ( scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of M ...

lists 154 species of ''Phellinus'': *'' Phellinus acifer'' *'' Phellinus acontextus'' *'' Phellinus adamantinus'' *'' Phellinus adhaerens'' *'' Phellinus allardii'' *'' Phellinus anchietanus'' *'' Phellinus andinopatagonicus'' *'' Phellinus andinus'' *'' Phellinus apiahynus'' *'' Phellinus appositus'' *'' Phellinus aureobrunneus'' *'' Phellinus baccharidis'' *'' Phellinus badius'' *'' Phellinus bambusicola'' *'' Phellinus bambusinus'' *'' Phellinus betulinus'' *'' Phellinus bicuspidatus'' *'' Phellinus brevisetus'' *'' Phellinus carteri'' *'' Phellinus caryophylleus'' *'' Phellinus caryophylli'' *'' Phellinus castanopsidis'' *'' Phellinus chocolatus'' *'' Phellinus chryseus'' *'' Phellinus chrysoloma'' *'' Phellinus cinchonensis'' *'' Phellinus coffeatoporus'' *'' Phellinus conchatus'' *'' Phellinus coronadensis'' *'' Phellinus crocatus'' *'' Phellinus crustosus'' *'' Phellinus cyclobalanopsidis'' *'' Phellinus cylindrosporus'' *'' Phellinus daedaliformis'' *'' Phellinus dependens'' *'' Phellinus deuteroprunicola'' *'' Phellinus dingleyae'' *'' Phellinus discipodoides'' *''

'' *'' Phellinus erectus'' *'' Phellinus eugeniae'' *'' Phellinus everhartii'' *'' Phellinus fastuosus'' *'' Phellinus feneus'' *'' Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus'' *'' Phellinus formosanus'' *'' Phellinus fragrans'' *'' Phellinus fushanianus'' *''

Phellinus gabonensis ''Phellinus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hymenochaetaceae. Many species cause white rot. Fruit bodies, which are found growing on wood, are resupinate, sessile, and perennial. The flesh is tough and woody or cork-like, and brown in col ...

'' *'' Phellinus garuhapensis'' *'' Phellinus gilbertsonii'' *'' Phellinus gilvus'' *'' Phellinus grenadensis'' *'' Phellinus griseoporus'' *'' Phellinus hartigii'' *'' Phellinus himalayensis'' *'' Phellinus hoehnelii'' *'' Phellinus igniarius'' *'' Phellinus incrustaticeps'' *'' Phellinus jezoensis'' *'' Phellinus kamahi'' *'' Phellinus kravtzevii'' *'' Phellinus laevigatus'' *'' Phellinus lapideus'' *'' Phellinus laurencii'' *'' Phellinus leiomitus'' *''

Phellinus linteus ''Phellinus linteus'' (Japanese "meshimakobu", Chinese "song gen", Korean "sanghwang", English "mesima", American English "black hoof mushroom") is a mushroom. It is shaped like a hoof, has a bitter taste, and in the wild grows on mulberry tree ...

'' *'' Phellinus livescens'' *'' Phellinus lopezii'' *'' Phellinus luctuosus'' *'' Phellinus lukinsii'' *'' Phellinus lundellii'' *'' Phellinus luteofulvus'' *'' Phellinus luteus'' *'' Phellinus macroferreus'' *'' Phellinus macrosporus'' *'' Phellinus mangrovicus'' *'' Phellinus melanodermus'' *'' Phellinus membranaceus'' *'' Phellinus merrillii'' *'' Phellinus minimus'' *'' Phellinus minutiporus'' *'' Phellinus mituliformis'' *'' Phellinus montanus'' *'' Phellinus mori'' *'' Phellinus neocallimorphus'' *'' Phellinus neonoxius'' *'' Phellinus neoquercinus'' *'' Phellinus newtoniae'' *'' Phellinus nicaraguensis'' *'' Phellinus nilgheriensis'' *'' Phellinus nothofagi'' *''

Phellinus noxius ''Phellinus noxius'' is a plant pathogen. References External links Fungal plant pathogens and diseases noxius Fungi described in 1932 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ...

'' *'' Phellinus ossatus'' *''

Phellinus overholtsii ''Phellinus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hymenochaetaceae. Many species cause white rot. Fruit bodies, which are found growing on wood, are resupinate, sessile, and perennial. The flesh is tough and woody or cork-like, and brown in co ...

'' *''

Phellinus pachyphloeus ''Phellinus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hymenochaetaceae. Many species cause white rot. Fruit bodies, which are found growing on wood, are resupinate, sessile, and perennial. The flesh is tough and woody or cork-like, and brown in co ...

'' *'' Phellinus palmicola'' *'' Phellinus piceinus'' *'' Phellinus poeltii'' *''

Phellinus pomaceus ''Phellinus pomaceus'' is a plant pathogen particularly common on ''Prunus ''Prunus'' is a genus of trees and shrubs, which includes (among many others) the fruits plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots, and almonds. Native to t ...

'' *'' Phellinus populicola'' *'' Phellinus prunicola'' *'' Phellinus pseudoigniarius'' *'' Phellinus punctatiformis'' *'' Phellinus purpureogilvus'' *'' Phellinus pusillus'' *'' Phellinus quercinus'' *'' Phellinus ralunensis'' *'' Phellinus reichingeri'' *'' Phellinus repandus'' *'' Phellinus resinaceus'' *'' Phellinus rhamni'' *'' Phellinus rhytiphloeus'' *'' Phellinus rickii'' *'' Phellinus rimosus'' *''

Phellinus robiniae ''Phellinus robiniae'', commonly called the cracked cap polypore or Phellinus rimosus, is a fungus of the family of Hymenochaetaceae. The fungus primarily infests black locusts, aided by openings caused by '' Megacyllene robiniae'' infestation, b ...

'' *'' Phellinus roseocinereus'' *'' Phellinus rufus'' *'' Phellinus sancti-georgii'' *'' Phellinus sanfordii'' *'' Phellinus sarcites'' *'' Phellinus scleropileatus'' *'' Phellinus scorodocarpi'' *'' Phellinus semihispidus'' *'' Phellinus setulosus'' *'' Phellinus shaferi'' *'' Phellinus shoushanus'' *'' Phellinus sonorae'' *'' Phellinus spadiceus'' *'' Phellinus spiculosus'' *'' Phellinus spinescens'' *'' Phellinus subcontiguus'' *'' Phellinus sublaevigatus'' *'' Phellinus sublamaensis'' *'' Phellinus subsanfordii'' *'' Phellinus swieteniae'' *'' Phellinus syringeus'' *'' Phellinus tawhai'' *'' Phellinus tenuiculus'' *'' Phellinus terminaliae'' *'' Phellinus transversus'' *'' Phellinus tremulae'' *'' Phellinus tricolor'' *'' Phellinus tubifragilis'' *'' Phellinus turbinatus'' *'' Phellinus uncinatus'' *'' Phellinus uncisetus'' *'' Phellinus velutinus'' *'' Phellinus viticola'' *'' Phellinus weirianus'' *''

Phellinus weirii ''Phellinus weirii'' is a plant pathogen causing laminated root rot in certain conifers, typically Douglas-fir and western redcedar. It is widespread in the Douglas-fir growing regions of British Columbia, Washington and Oregon Oregon ...

'' *'' Phellinus williamsii'' *'' Phellinus zealandicus''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q776911 Agaricomycetes genera