Permocupedidae is a family of

Protocoleoptera The Protocoleoptera are a paraphyletic group of extinct beetles, containing the earliest and most primitive lineages of beetles. They represented the dominant group of beetles during the Permian, but were largely replaced by modern beetle groups ...

n stem group beetles. They first appeared during the Early Permian, and were one of the dominant groups of beetles during the

Middle Permian The Guadalupian is the second and middle series/ epoch of the Permian. The Guadalupian was preceded by the Cisuralian and followed by the Lopingian. It is named after the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas, and dates between 272.95 ...

. They became rare in the

Late Permian Late may refer to: * LATE, an acronym which could stand for: ** Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia ** Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law ** Local average treatment effect, ...

, with only one species known from the

Triassic The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period ...

, '' Frankencupes ultimus'' from the

Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided in chronostratigraphy. The Middle Triassic spans the time between Ma ...

(

Anisian In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage or earliest age of the Middle Triassic series or epoch and lasted from million years ago until million years ago. The Anisian Age succeeds the Olenekian Age (part of the Lower Trias ...

) Röt Formation of Germany. They are thought to have been

xylophagous Xylophagy is a term used in ecology to describe the habits of an herbivorous animal whose diet consists primarily (often solely) of wood. The word derives from Greek ''ξυλοφάγος'' (''xulophagos'') "eating wood", from ''ξύλον'' (') ...

(wood eating), which is presumed to be the ancestral ecology of beetles.

Taxonomy

Kirejtshuk (2020) included the following genera in an expanded (''

sensu lato ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular c ...

'') family, with the traditional (''

sensu stricto ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular c ...

'') Permocupedidae and related Taldycupedidae as subfamilies Permocupedinae and Taldycupedinae respectively. However, other studies have recovered Talycupedidae as more closely related to crown-group beetles than to Permocupedidae. *'' Afrocupes'' South Africa:

Western Cape The Western Cape is a province of South Africa, situated on the south-western coast of the country. It is the fourth largest of the nine provinces with an area of , and the third most populous, with an estimated 7 million inhabitants in 2020 ...

(Kenmoore Farm), Whitehill Formation, Permian, Cisuralian, Sakmarian/Artinskian, −290.1–279.5 Ma. **'' Afrocupes firmae'' (Type species) *'' Archicupes'' ( syn ''Palaeocupes'' ) Russia,

Kemerovo Region Kemerovo Oblast — Kuzbass (russian: Ке́меровская о́бласть — Кузба́сс, translit=Kemerovskaya oblast — Kuzbass, ), also known simply as Kemerovo Oblast (russian: Ке́меровская о́бласть, label=non ...

(Kaltan), Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian (Cisuralian/Biarmian, Kungurian/Kazanian), −272.5–268.0 Ma **'' Archicupes jacobsoni'' (Type species) *'' Cytocupoides'' Russia: Kemerovo Region (Kaltan), Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian (Cisuralian/Biarmian, Kungurian/Kazanian), −272.5–268.0 Ma. **'' Cytocupoides longatus'' (Type species) *'' Cytocupes'' Russia: Kemerovo Region (Kaltan), Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian (Cisuralian/Biarmian, Kungurian/Kazanian), −272.5–268.0 Ma. **'' Cytocupes angustus'' (Type species) *'' Eocupes'' Russia: Kemerovo Region (Kaltan), Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian (Cisuralian/Biarmian, Kungurian/Kazanian), −272.5–268.0 Ma). **'' Eocupes cellulosus'' **'' Eocupes lukjanovitshi'' (Type species) *'' Frankencupes'' Germany: Gambach am Main (

Lower Franconia Lower Franconia (german: Unterfranken) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. History After the founding of the Kingdom of Bavaria the state was total ...

), Röt Formation Middle Triassic, Olenekian/Anisian, −247.2–242.0 Ma. **'' Frankencupes ultimus'' (Type species) *'' Ichthyocupes'' Russia: Kemerovo Region (Kaltan), Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian (Cisuralian/Biarmian, Kungurian/Kazanian), −272.5–268.0 Ma; Kemerovo Region (Tykhta River, Sokolova, Kutsnetsk Basin), Permian, Lopingian, Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian (Tatarian, Severodvinian/Vyatkian), −259.0–252.3 Ma. **'' Ichthyocupes kuznetskiensis'' **'' Ichthyocupes skoki'' **'' Ichthyocupes tyzhnovi'' (Type species) *'' Kaltanocoleus'' . Russia: Kemerovo Region (Kaltan), Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian (Cisuralian/Biarmian, Kungurian/Kazanian), −272.5–268.0 Ma. **'' Kaltanocoleus pospelovi'' (Type species) *'' Kaltanicupes'' Russia: Kirov Region (Kityak), Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian (Cisuralian/Biarmian, Kungurian/Kazanian), −272.5–268.0 Ma;

Orenburg Region Orenburg Oblast (russian: Оренбургская область, ''Orenburgskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. From 1938 to 1957, it bore the name ''Chkalov Oblast'' () ...

(Kargala), Permian, Guadalupian/Lopingian, Capitanian/Wuchiapingian (Tatarian, Sweverodvinian), −265.0–259.0 Ma; Kemerovo Region (Kaltan), Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian (Cisuralian/Biarmian, Kungurian/Kazanian), −272.5–268.0 Ma. One undescribed species of this genus was recorded from Indian

Barakar Formation Barakar is a neighbourhood in Asansol, Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is governed by the Asansol Municipal Corporation It is situated at the border of the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal. The Grand ...

of the Lower Permian. **'' Kaltanicupes acutus'' **'' Kaltanicupes kargalensis'' **'' Kaltanicupes kitjakensis'' **'' Kaltanicupes richteri'' (Type species) **'' Kaltanicupes reichardti'' *'' Linicupes'' A. G. Ponomarenko, E. V. Yan and Di-ying Huang (2014). "New beetles (Coleoptera) from the terminal

of China". Paleontological Journal 48 (2): 191–200. doi:10.1134/S0031030114010109. China:

Anhui Anhui , (; formerly romanized as Anhwei) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the East China region. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze River ...

(Houdong, Yinping Mountain, SW Chaohu City), Permian, Guadalupian/Lopingian, Capitanian/Wuchiapingian (Tatarian, Severodvinian/Vyatkian), −265.0–259.0 Ma. **'' Linicupes yinpinensis'' (Type species) *'' Maricoleus'' Russia,

Primorsky Krai Primorsky Krai (russian: Приморский край, r=Primorsky kray, p=prʲɪˈmorskʲɪj kraj), informally known as Primorye (, ), is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia, located in the Far East region of the country and is a part of t ...

(Cape, Novosilsky,

Russky Island Russky Island (russian: Ру́сский о́стров, lit. ''Russian Island'') is an island in Peter the Great Gulf in the Sea of Japan, in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is the largest island in the Eugénie Archipelago, separated from the ...

), Lower Permian, Cisuralian, Artinskian/Kungurian (Cisuralian/Biarmian, Kungurian/Kazanian), −279.5–272.5 Ma. **'' Maricoleus valentinae'' (Type species) *'' Permocupes'' (syn ''Permocupoides'' ) Russia: Arkhangel’sk Region (Letopala River and Soyana), Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian (Cisuralian/Biarmian, Kungurian/Kazanian), −272.5–268.0 Ma; Udmurtia (Chepanikha, Rossokha River Valley), Permian, Guadalupian, Wordian (Biarmian, Urzhumian), −268.0–265.0 Ma: Tatarstan (Mendeleevsk District, Tikhie Gory), Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian (Cisuralian/Biarmian, Kungurian/Kazanian), −272.5–268.0 Ma. **'' Permocupes distinctus'' **'' Permocupes latus'' **'' Permocupes semenovi'' **'' Permocupes sojanensis'' *'' Pintolla'' . Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul (Road Cut on Road BR 290 near Minas do Leao),

Irati Formation Irati Formation is the name of a geological formation of the Paraná Basin in Brazil. It has previously been dated as Late Permian using palynomorphs, but is now dated as Early Permian using zircon ages obtained from bentonite layers. The base of ...

, Permian, Cisuralian, Artinskian/Kungurian (Cisuralian/Biarmian, Kungurian/Kazanian), −279.5–272.5 Ma. **'' Pintolla ponomarenkoi'' (Type species) *'' Protocupoides'' (syn ''Tomiocupes'' , ''Tricupes'' ) Russia:

Vologda Region Vologda Oblast ( rus, Вологодская область, p=vəlɐˈɡotskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, r=Vologodskaya oblast, ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The Oblast has a population of 1,202,44 ...

(Isady locality, Mutovino), Permian, Lopingian, Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian (Tatarian, Severodvinskian/Vyatkian), −259.0–254.0 Ma; Udmurtia (Chepanikha, Rossokha River Valley), Permian, Guadalupian, Wordian (Biarmian, Urzhumian), −268.0–265.0 Ma; Kemerovo Region (Sokolova, Kutsnetsk Basin), Permian, Lopingian, Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian (Tatarian, Severodvinian/Vyatkian), −259.0–252.3 Ma; Kemerovo Region (Kaltan), Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian (Cisuralian/Biarmian, Kungurian/Kazanian), −272.5–268.0 Ma. **'' Protocupoides acer'' **'' Protocupoides carinatus'' **'' Protocupoides elongatus'' **'' Protocupoides esini'' **'' Protocupoides plavilstshikovi'' **'' Protocupoides sharovi'' **'' “Permocupes” rohdendorfi'' Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul (Road Cut on Road BR 290 near Minas do Leao), Irati Formation, Permian, Kungurian, −279.5–272.5 Ma) considered indeterminate to genus by Kirejtshuk (2020) *'' Tatarocupes'' Russia: Orenburg Region (Novo-Aleksandrovka), Permian, Guadalupian/Lopingian, Capitanian/Wuchiapingian (Tatarian, Severodvinian), −265.0–259.0 Ma. **'' Tatarocupes granulatus'' (Type species) *'' Uralocupes'' Russia: Belebeevo Formation Kirov Region (Kityak), Permian, Cisuralian/Guadalupian, Kungurian/Roadian (Cisuralian/Biarmian, Kungurian/Kazanian), −272.5–268.0 Ma. **'' Uralocupes major'' (Type species)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q19385267 Permocupedoidea Permian insects Permian China Prehistoric animals of China Beetle families Prehistoric insect families