''Paralaoma'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of very small air-breathing
land snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...
s,
terrestrial pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s or
micromollusk
A micromollusk is a shelled mollusk which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usually, but not exclusively, applied to marine mollusks, although in addition, numerous species of land snails and freshwater mollusks also ...
s in the subfamily
Laominae of the family
Punctidae
Punctidae, common name the "dot snails" or "pinhead snails", is a family of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the informal group Sigmurethra (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropo ...
, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the following species:
* ''
Paralaoma ahena
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the fol ...
''
Iredale, 1945
* ''
Paralaoma allochroida
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the fol ...
''
(Suter, 1890)
* ''
Paralaoma ambigua
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the fol ...
''
Iredale, 1913
* ''
Paralaoma angusta
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the fol ...
''
Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015
* ''
Paralaoma annabelli
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the fol ...
''
Shea & Griffiths, 2010
* ''
Paralaoma buddlei
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the fol ...
''
Powell, 1951
* ''
Paralaoma burringtoni
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the fol ...
''
(Pilsbry, 1930)
* ''
Paralaoma coloba''
(Pilsbry, 1894)
* ''
Paralaoma compar''
Iredale, 1944
* ''
Paralaoma depressior
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the fol ...
''
Preston, 1913
* ''
Paralaoma gelida
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the fol ...
''
Iredale, 1941
* ''
Paralaoma goweri
''Paralaoma goweri'', also known as the mountain pinhead snail, is a species of land snail that is endemic to Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea (Māori: ''Te Tai-o-Rēhua'', ) is a marginal sea of the South Pac ...
''
Iredale, 1944
* ''
Paralaoma hottentota
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the fol ...
''
(Melvill & Ponsonby, 1891)
* ''
Paralaoma innesi
''Paralaoma innesi'', also known as Innes' pinhead snail, is a species of land snail that is endemic to Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea (Māori: ''Te Tai-o-Rēhua'', ) is a marginal sea of the South Pacific O ...
''
Iredale, 1944
* ''
Paralaoma insularis
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the fol ...
''
(Cotton, 1939)
* ''
Paralaoma lateumbilicata
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the fol ...
''
(Suter, 1890)
* ''
Paralaoma manawatawhia
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the follow ...
''
Goulstone & Brook, 1999
* ''
Paralaoma mazatlanica
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the follow ...
''
(L. Pfeiffer, 1856)
* ''
Paralaoma miserabilis
''Paralaoma'' is a genus of very small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the subfamily Laominae of the family Punctidae, the dot snails.
Species
The genus ''Paralaoma'' includes the follow ...
''
(Iredale, 1913)
* ''
Paralaoma morti''
(Cox, 1864)
* ''
Paralaoma pagoda''
Climo, 1973
* ''
Paralaoma perminuta''
Preston, 1913
* ''
Paralaoma pilsbryi''
(Hylton Scott, 1957)
* ''
Paralaoma raki''
Goulstone & Brook, 1999
* ''
Paralaoma raricostata''
(Suter, 1890)
* ''
Paralaoma regia''
Powell, 1948
* ''
Paralaoma retinoides''
(Tate, 1894)
* ''
Paralaoma sarawakensis''
Marzuki, T. S. Liew & Mohd-Azlan, 2021
* † ''
Paralaoma senex''
B. A. Marshall & Worthy, 2017
* ''
Paralaoma sericata''
(Suter, 1890)
* ''
Paralaoma serratocostata''
(Webster, 1906)
* ''
Paralaoma servilis''
(Shuttleworth, 1852)
* ''
Paralaoma textilis''
(Pilsbry, 1920)
* † ''
Paralaoma thomsoni''
(Suter, 1917)
* ''
Paralaoma turbotti''
Powell, 1948
;Synonyms:
* ''Paralaoma abjecta''
Iredale, 1944: synonym of ''
Semilaoma abjecta''
(Iredale, 1944) (original combination)
* ''Paralaoma angustum''
Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015: synonym of ''Paralaoma angusta''
Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015 (incorrect gender ending)
* ''Paralaoma caputspinulae''
(Reeve, 1852): synonym of ''Paralaoma servilis''
(Shuttleworth, 1852) (junior synonym)
* ''Paralaoma decresensis''
Iredale, 1937: synonym of ''Paralaoma caputspinulae''
(Reeve, 1852): synonym of ''Paralaoma servilis''
(Shuttleworth, 1852) (junior synonym)
* ''Paralaoma duncombei''
Iredale, 1945: synonym of ''Paralaoma caputspinulae''
(Reeve, 1852): synonym of ''Paralaoma servilis''
(Shuttleworth, 1852) (junior synonym)
* ''Paralaoma lidgbirdensis''
Iredale, 1944: synonym of ''
Semilaoma lidgbirdensis
''Semilaoma lidgbirdensis'', also known as the Mount Lidgbird pinhead snail, is a tiny species of land snail that is endemic to Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea.
Description
The depressedly turbinate shell of the mature snail is ...
''
(Iredale, 1944) (original combination)
* ''Paralaoma orestias''
Preston, 1913: synonym of ''
Christianoconcha orestias''
(Preston, 1913) (original combination)
* ''Paralaoma pumila''
(Hutton, 1882): synonym of ''Paralaoma servilis''
(Shuttleworth, 1852)
* ''Paralaoma raoulensis''
Iredale, 1913: synonym of ''Paralaoma servilis''
(Shuttleworth, 1852) (junior synonym)
* ''Paralaoma royi''
Iredale, 1944: synonym of ''Paralaoma servilis''
(Shuttleworth, 1852) (junior synonym)
* ''Paralaoma stabilis''
Iredale, 1937: synonym of ''Paralaoma caputspinulae''
(Reeve, 1852): synonym of ''Paralaoma servilis''
(Shuttleworth, 1852) (junior synonym)
References
* Powell, A.W.B. (1939). The Mollusca of Stewart Island. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 2: 211–238.
*
AnimalBase page for this genus at
External links
*
Iredale, T. (1913). The land Mollusca of the Kermadec islands. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London. 10(6): 364-388, pl. 18
Paralaoma,
Gastropod genera
Taxa named by Tom Iredale
Gastropods described in 1913
{{Punctidae-stub