Pantotheria is an abandoned taxon of
Mesozoic
The Mesozoic Era ( ), also called the Age of Reptiles, the Age of Conifers, and colloquially as the Age of the Dinosaurs is the second-to-last era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about , comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceo ...
mammal
Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or ...
s. This group is now considered an informal "wastebasket" taxon and has been replaced by
Dryolestida
Dryolestida is an extinct order of mammals, primarily and possibly exclusively known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous. They are considered members of the clade Cladotheria, close to the ancestry of therian mammals. It is also believed that they d ...
as well as other groups. It is sometimes treated as an infraclass and older books refer to it as being related to
symmetrodonts. One classification makes it an
infraclass
In biological classification, class ( la, classis) is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are life, domain, kingdom ...
with a single order, Eupantotheria.
Taxonomy
List of mammals that were at one time included in the group Pantotheria
[Mikko's Phylogeny Archiv]
*Genus †''
Tribactonodon, Tribactonodon bonfieldi''
Sigogneau-Russell, Hooker & Ensom 2001
*Genus †''
Paraungulatum rectangularis''
Bonaparte 1999
*Genus †''
Argaliatherium robustum ''
Cifelli & Davis 2015
*Genus †''
Carinalestes murensis''
Cifelli & Davis 2015
*Genus †''
Hypomylos''
Sigogneau-Russell 1992
*Family †
Picopsidae Fox 1980
**Genus †''
Picopsis pattersoni''
Fox 1980
**Genus †''
Tirotherium aptum''
Montellano-Ballesteros & Fox 2015
*Family †
Casamiqueliidae Bonaparte 1999
**Genus †''
Casamiquelia rionegrina''
Bonaparte 1990
**Genus †''
Rougiertherium tricuspes''
Bonaparte 1999
**Genus †''
Alamitherium bishopi''
Bonaparte 1999
*Family †
Brandoniidae
Dryolestidae is an extinct family of Mesozoic mammals, known from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous of the North Hemisphere. The oldest known member, '' Anthracolestes'', is known from the Middle Jurassic Itat Formation of Western Siber ...
Bonaparte 1992
**Genus †''
Brandonia intermedia''
Bonaparte 1992
*Family †
Donodontidae
Cladotheria is a clade (sometimes ranked as a legion) of mammals. It contains modern therian mammals (marsupials and placentals) and several extinct groups, such as the dryolestoids, amphitheriids and peramurids. The clade was named in 1975 by Ma ...
Sigogneau-Russell 1991
**Genus †''
Donodon presciptoris''
Sigogneau-Russell 1991
*Family †
Paurodontidae
Paurodontidae is a family of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous mammals in the order Dryolestida. Remains of paurodontids have been found in the United States, Britain, Portugal, and Tanzania. The group likely represents a paraphyletic group of ...
Marsh 1887
**Genus †''
Brancatherulum tendagurense''
Dietrich, 1927
**Genus †''
Comotherium richi''
Prothero 1981
**Genus †''
Dorsetodon haysomi''
Ensom & Sigogneau-Russell 1998
**Genus †''
Drescheratherium acutum''
Krebs 1998
**Genus †''
Euthlastus cordiformis''
Simpson 1927
**Genus †''
Henkelotherium guimarotae
''Henkelotherium'' is an extinct genus of dryolestidan mammal from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) Camadas de Guimarota, in Portugal. Unlike many other Jurassic mammals, it is known from a largely complete skeleton, and is thought to have had ...
''
Krebs 1991
**Genus †''
Paurodon valens
''Paurodon'' is an extinct genus of Late Jurassic mammal from the Morrison Formation of the Western United States.
Taxonomy
''Paurodon'' is the type genus of the dryolestidan group Paurodontidae. ''Araeodon'', ''Archaeotrigon'', ''Foxraptor'', ...
''
Marsh 1887
**Genus †''
Tathiodon agilis''
(Simpson 1927) Simpson 1927 Simpson 1927 non Kirk 1927; ''Tanaodon agilis'' Simpson 1927">'Tanaodon'' Simpson 1927 non Kirk 1927; ''Tanaodon agilis'' Simpson 1927*Family †
Vincelestidae
''Vincelestes'' ("Vince's thief") is an extinct genus of actively mobile mammal, that lived in what would be South America during the Early Cretaceous from 130 to 112 Annum, mya, existing for approximately .
Description
''Vincelestes neuquenia ...
Bonaparte 1986
**Genus †''
Vincelestes neuquenianus''
Bonaparte 1986
*Order †
Spalacotheriida
Symmetrodonta is a group of Mesozoic mammals and mammal-like synapsids characterized by the triangular aspect of the Molar (tooth), molars when viewed from above, and the absence of a well-developed talonid. The traditional group of 'symmetrodont ...
Prothero 1981 Prothero 1981; Quirogatheria Bonaparte 1992">palacotheroidea Prothero 1981; Quirogatheria Bonaparte 1992**Genus †''
Maotherium''
Rougier, Ji & Novacek 2003
***†''
M. sinensis''
Rougier, Ji & Novacek 2003
***†''
M. asiaticus''
Ji et al. 2009
**Family †
Thereuodontidae Sigogneau-Russell 1998
***Genus †''
Thereuodon''
Sigogneau-Russell 1987
****†''
T. dahmanii''
Sigogneau-Russell 1987
****†''
T. taraktes''
Sigogneau-Russell & Ensom 1998
*Order †
Meridiolestida
Meridiolestida is an extinct clade of mammals known from the Cretaceous and Cenozoic of South America and possibly Antarctica. They represented the dominant group of mammals in South America during the Late Cretaceous. Meridiolestidans were morp ...
Rougier, Apesteguia & Gaetano 2011
**Genus †''
Leonardus cuspidatus''
Bonaparte 1990
**Genus †''
Cronopio dentiacutus''
Rougier, Apesteguia & Gaetano 2011
**Family †
Necrolestidae Ameghino 1894
***Genus †''
Necrolestes
''Necrolestes'' ("grave robber" or "thief of the dead") is an extinct genus of mammals, which lived during the Early Miocene in what is now Argentine Patagonia. It is the most recent known genus of Meridiolestida, an extinct group of mammals m ...
''
Ameghino 1894 sensu Rougier et al. 2012
****†''
N. patagonensis''
Ameghino 1891
****†''
N. mirabilis''
Goin et al. 2007
**Family †
Reigitheriidae
''Reigitherium'' was a mammal that lived during the Late Cretaceous, in the (Late Campanian-Maastrichtian). Its fossils have been found in the Los Alamitos Formation, Los Alamitos and the La Colonia Formation, La Colonia Formation (geology), Form ...
Bonaparte 1990
***Genus †''
Reigitherium bunodontum''
Bonaparte 1990
**Family †
Peligotheriidae Bonaparte, Van Valen & Kramartz 1993
***Genus †''
Peligrotherium
''Peligrotherium'' is an extinct meridiolestidan, and the sole member of the family Peligrotheriidae, from the Paleocene of Patagonia, originally interpreted as a stem-ungulate (though it did co-exist with early meridiungulates). Its remains have ...
''
Bonaparte, Van Valen & Kramartz 1993
**Family †
Mesungulatidae
Mesungulatidae is an extinct clade of meridiolestidan dryolestoid mammals from the Late Cretaceous of South America and possibly other Gondwannan landmasses. They are particularly notable for their ecological speciation and large size.
Charact ...
Bonaparte 1986 sensu Rougier et al. 2009
***Genus †''
Coloniatherium
''Coloniatherium'' is a meridiolestid mammal from the Late Cretaceous of Argentina. The single species, ''Coloniatherium cilinskii'', was a large member of the family Mesungulatidae.
Taxonomy
''Coloniatherium'' was named in 2009 by Guillermo ...
''
Rougier et al. 2009
***Genus †''
Quirogatherium''
Bonaparte 1990
***Genus †''
Mesungulatum''
Bonaparte & Soria 1985
*Order †
Dryolestida
Dryolestida is an extinct order of mammals, primarily and possibly exclusively known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous. They are considered members of the clade Cladotheria, close to the ancestry of therian mammals. It is also believed that they d ...
Prothero 1981 sensu stricto Rougier et al. 2012
**Family †
Barbereniidae Bonaparte 1990
***Genus †''
Barberenia''
Bonaparte 1990
****†''
B. araujoae''
Bonaparte 1990
****†''
B. allenensis''
Rougier et al. 2008
**Family †
Dryolestidae
Dryolestidae is an extinct family of Mesozoic mammals, known from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous of the North Hemisphere. The oldest known member, '' Anthracolestes'', is known from the Middle Jurassic Itat Formation of Western Siber ...
Marsh 1879
***Genus †''
Anthracolestes''
Averianov, Martin & Lopatin 2014
***Genus †''
Guimarotodus''
Martin 1999
***Genus †''
Krebsotherium''
Martin 1999
***Genus †''
Phascolestes
''Phascolestes'' is a genus of extinct mammal from the Berriasian epoch of Early Cretaceous Southern England. The type and only species is ''Phascolestes mustelulus'', which was named by Richard Owen in 1871 for dental material from the Lulw ...
''
Owen 1871
***Genus †''
Lakotalestes luoi''
Cifelli, Davis & Sames 2014
***Genus †''
Laolestes
''Laolestes'' is an extinct genus of dryolestid mammal. Fossil remains are known from the Morrison Formation, in stratigraphic zones 5 and 6.,Foster, J. (2007). "Appendix." ''Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their Wor ...
''
Simpson 1927
***Genus †''
Achyrodon
''Achyrodon'' is an extinct genus of mammal from the Berriasian epoch of Early Cretaceous southern England. The taxon was first described by Richard Owen in 1871 for teeth from the Lulworth Formation. The taxon has been considered a synonym ...
''
Owen 1871
***Genus †''
Amblotherium
''Amblotherium'' is an extinct genus of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous mammal. The type species ''Amblotherium pusillum'' is from the Lulworth Formation of southern England, while the referred species ''Amblotherium gracile'' is from strati ...
''
Owen 1871
***Genus †''
Dryolestes
''Dryolestes'' is an extinct genus of Late Jurassic mammal from the Morrison Formation and the Alcobaça Formation
The Alcobaça Formation, previously known as the Guimarota Formation and also known as the Consolação Unit, is a geological fo ...
''
Marsh 1878
***Genus †''
Portopinheirodon''
Martin 1999
***Genus †''
Kurtodon
''Phascolestes'' is a genus of extinct mammal from the Berriasian epoch of Early Cretaceous Southern England. The type and only species is ''Phascolestes mustelulus'', which was named by Richard Owen in 1871 for dental material from the Lulw ...
''
Osborn 1887
***Genus †''
Crusafontia
''Crusafontia'' is an extinct genus of mammal from the Cretaceous Camarillas, El Castellar and La Huérguina Formations of Spain. The name of the animal was given in honour of the Spanish paleontologist Miquel Crusafont Pairó.
''Crusafontia ...
''
Henkel & Krebs 1969
***Genus †''
Groeberitherium''
Bonaparte 1986
*Order †
Amphitheriida
Amphitheriidae is a family of Mesozoic mammals restricted to the Middle Jurassic of Britain, with indeterminate members also possibly known from the equivalently aged Itat Formation in Siberia and the Anoual Formation of Morocco. They were memb ...
Prothero 1981
**Family †
Amphitheriidae
Amphitheriidae is a family of Mesozoic mammals restricted to the Middle Jurassic of Britain, with indeterminate members also possibly known from the equivalently aged Itat Formation in Siberia and the Anoual Formation of Morocco. They were memb ...
Owen 1846
***Genus †''
Amphibetulimus''
Lopatin & Averianov 2007
***Genus †''
Amphitherium
''Amphitherium'' is an extinct genus of stem cladotherian mammal that lived during the Middle Jurassic of England. It was one of the first Mesozoic mammals ever described. A recent phylogenetic study found it to be the sister taxon of ''Palaeoxo ...
''
de Blainville 1838
*Order †
Peramurida
The family Peramuridae is a family of mammals that lived in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. They are considered to be advanced cladotherians closely related to therian mammals as part of Zatheria
Cladotheria is a clade (sometimes ran ...
McKenna 1975
**Family †
Peramuridae
The family Peramuridae is a family of mammals that lived in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. They are considered to be advanced cladotherians closely related to therian mammals as part of Zatheria
Cladotheria is a clade (sometimes rank ...
Kretzoi 1946
***Genus †''
Kiyatherium cardiodens''
Maschenko, Lopatin & Voronkevich 2002
***Genus †''
Tendagurutherium dietrichi''
Heinrich 1998
***Genus †''
Peramuroides tenuiscus''
Davis 2012
***Genus †''
Kouriogenys minor''
(Owen 1871) Davis 2012 Owen 1871">'Spalacotherium minus'' Owen 1871***Genus †''
Peramus
''Peramus'' is an extinct genus of cladotherian mammal. It lived in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Europe and North Africa.
Species
There are three known extinct species in the genus:
* '' Peramus dubius'' Lulworth Formation, Unit ...
''
Owen 1871
***Genus †''
Palaeoxonodon
''Palaeoxonodon'' is an extinct genus of Cladotherian mammal from the Middle Jurassic of England and Scotland.
Discovery
The first fossils of ''Palaeoxonodon ooliticus'' were found in the Kirtlington cement quarry, Oxfordshire, England. This ...
''
Freeman 1976
***Genus †''
Abelodon
''Abelodon'' is an extinct genus of peramurid mammal in the clade Zatheria, which lived during the Barremian age. It is known from a single tooth found in Cameroon's Koum Formation.
Paleoecology
Abelodon lived alongside various archosaurs in ...
''
Brunet et al. 1991
***Genus †''
Pocamus''
Canudo & Cuenca-Bescós 1996
References
External links
* http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=59655&tree=0.1&syn=1
* http://www.answers.com/pantotheria
{{Taxonbar, from=Q7131918
Mesozoic mammals
Jurassic first appearances
Jurassic extinctions
Fossil taxa described in 1880
Obsolete mammal taxa