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''Panjange'' is a
''Panjange'' spiders are light yellow in color, with brownish patterning on the body. There are six eyes in two small groups: in males the eyes are situated on two stalks or turret-like structures.
In the Philippines (''lanthana'' group), most species seem to have low abundances and very patchy distributions, with few specimens found
within a very small area and none in surrounding areas of apparently similar vegetation. This may have been related to the low abundance and patchiness of suitable large leaves. Specimens are usually collected between about 50 cm above ground to about 2 m, and they are likely to occur also in higher strata of the forest, possibly in higher abundances. The web is a domed sheet, most of which is closely
attached to the underside of a leaf. The extremely fine silk is poorly visible except when the sheet is viewed directly from the side. Egg sacs are only slightly elongated and covered by a barely visible layer of silk. In one case (''P. camiguin'') eight of ten eggs in an egg sac were parasitized by a parasitic wasp.
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of leaf-dwelling spider
Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...
s in the family Pholcidae
The Pholcidae are a family of araneomorph spiders. The family contains over 1,800 individual species of pholcids, including those commonly known as cellar spider, daddy long-legs spider, carpenter spider, daddy long-legger, vibrating spid ...
, widely distributed in the islands of Southeast Asia from Borneo
Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and eas ...
and the Philippines
The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no),
* bik, Republika kan Filipinas
* ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas
* cbk, República de Filipinas
* hil, Republ ...
to northern Australia. ''Panjange'' spiders exhibit some of the most extraordinary morphology among Pholcidae. Males of most species have eye stalks, sometimes with long pointed processes; males of some species have unusually elongated pedipalps, which in spiders function as copulatory organs; and females of some species have external portions of their genitalia strongly folded and extensible. The biological significance of these sexual modifications remain unclear.
Naming and etymology
The genus ''Panjange'' was established in 1983 by biologistsChrista L. Deeleman-Reinhold
Christa Laetitia Deeleman-Reinhold (born 23 November 1930) is a Dutch arachnologist. She specializes in spiders from Southeast Asia and Southern Europe, particularly cave-dwelling and tropical spiders. She donated a collection of about 25,000 Sou ...
and P. R. Deeleman, to accommodate four new species. The genus derives from the Malay word '' panjang'', meaning long and slender.
Description
''Panjange'' spiders are light yellow in color, with brownish patterning on the body. There are six eyes in two small groups: in males the eyes are situated on two stalks or turret-like structures.
Species and distribution
The 18 species of ''Panjange'' are divided into three species groups: the ''nigrifrons'' group on Borneo (containing ''P. bako'' ''P. iban'', ''P. nigrifons'', and ''P. sedgwiki''); the ''cavicola'' group ranging fromSulawesi
Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Ar ...
to northern Australia (comprising ''P. alba'', ''P. cavicola'', ''P. mirabilis'', ''P. madang'', and ''P. dubia''); and the ''lanthana'' group in the Philippines, comprising ''P. bukidnon'', ''P. camiguin'', ''P. casaroro'', ''P. dinagat'', ''P. hamiguitan'', ''P. isarog'', ''P. lanthana'', ''P. malagos'', and ''P. marilog'').
Natural history
In the Philippines (''lanthana'' group), most species seem to have low abundances and very patchy distributions, with few specimens found
within a very small area and none in surrounding areas of apparently similar vegetation. This may have been related to the low abundance and patchiness of suitable large leaves. Specimens are usually collected between about 50 cm above ground to about 2 m, and they are likely to occur also in higher strata of the forest, possibly in higher abundances. The web is a domed sheet, most of which is closely
attached to the underside of a leaf. The extremely fine silk is poorly visible except when the sheet is viewed directly from the side. Egg sacs are only slightly elongated and covered by a barely visible layer of silk. In one case (''P. camiguin'') eight of ten eggs in an egg sac were parasitized by a parasitic wasp.
References
External links
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q2608189 Pholcidae Araneomorphae genera Spiders of Asia Spiders of Oceania