![Telupid Sabah Milestone-of-Malaysia-Federal-Route-22-01](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Telupid_Sabah_Milestone-of-Malaysia-Federal-Route-22-01.jpg)
Pan Borneo Highway ( ms, Lebuhraya Pan Borneo), also known as Trans-Borneo Highway or Trans-Kalimantan Highway ( id, Jalan Lintas Kalimantan), is a road network on
Borneo Island
Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and east ...
connecting two
Malaysia
Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
n states,
Sabah
Sabah () is a state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah borders the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and the North Kalimantan province of Indonesia to the south. The Federal Territory o ...
and
Sarawak
Sarawak (; ) is a state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the Malaysian state of Sabah to the northeast, ...
, with
Brunei
Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: , ), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its South China Sea coast, it is completely surrounded by t ...
and
Kalimantan region in
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
. The highway is numbered AH150 in the
Asian Highway Network and as
Federal Route 1 in Sarawak. In Sabah, the route numbers given are
1,
13 and
22.
The highway is a joint project between both governments which started as soon as the formation of
Malaysia
Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
in 1963 which comprised Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore. The lack of a road network system in Sarawak was the main factor of the construction.
The length of the entire highway is expected to be about for the Malaysian section, for the Bruneian section and for the Indonesian section.
The
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
n sections of the Pan Borneo Highway is known as the Trans-Kalimantan Highway. The western route connects the city of
Pontianak
Pontianak or Khuntien is the capital of the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan, founded first as a trading port on the island of Borneo, occupying an area of 118.31 km2 in the delta of the Kapuas River at a point where it is joined ...
to
Tebedu.
Route background
![Milestone on Pan Borneo Highway between Sibu and Bintulu](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Milestone_on_Pan_Borneo_Highway_between_Sibu_and_Bintulu.jpg)
The Pan-Borneo Highway, Asian Highway Route AH150 is supposed to be a circular highway that runs along the coastlines of Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan.
However, a missing link does exist from Serudong, Sabah to Simanggaris, North Kalimantan, which is supposed to connect Sabah with North Kalimantan.
The Malaysian section of the Pan-Borneo Highway is signposted as
Federal Route 1 in Sarawak and
Federal Routes 1,
22 and
13 in Sabah.
The 1,077-km highway in Sarawak is divided to 92 sections altogether, and the sections are sometimes being signposted along with the route number with the syntax of ''xx-yy'', where ''xx'' is the route number and ''yy'' is the section code. In Brunei, the highway is signposted simply as the AH150.
In Kalimantan, the Trans-Kalimantan Highway consists of three main highways. The northern route, also dubbed as Trans Border Highway ''(Jalan Lintas Perbatasan)'', runs along the Malaysia-Indonesia border from Tamajuk to Sei Ular. The central route runs from Pontianak to Samarinda through the interior of Kalimantan. The southern route, which runs along the coastline of Kalimantan from Sambas to Simanggaris, is gazetted as the Indonesian section of the Asian Highway Route AH150.
None of the three highways bear any route number yet.
The Malaysian and Indonesian sections are linked together by a highway known as the
Trans-Malindo Highway ''(Jalan Lintas Malindo)'', which is gazetted as Federal Route 21 in Malaysia.
History
The Pan-Borneo Highway was built due to the lack of the intercity highway network in the island of Borneo. In
East Malaysia
East Malaysia (), or the Borneo States, also known as Malaysian Borneo, is the part of Malaysia on and near the island of Borneo, the world's third-largest island. Near the coast of Sabah is a small archipelago called Labuan. East Malaysia li ...
, the intercity highway plan only existed after the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...
ended in 1945, after the states of
North Borneo (Sabah) and
Sarawak
Sarawak (; ) is a state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the Malaysian state of Sabah to the northeast, ...
were ceded to
Britain
Britain most often refers to:
* The United Kingdom, a sovereign state in Europe comprising the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands
* Great Britain, the largest island in the United King ...
to become
British Crown Colonies.
By 1949, the Governor of North Borneo reported that there were of roads paved with asphalt, of other metalled roads, of
dirt road
A dirt road or track is a type of unpaved road not paved with asphalt, concrete, brick, or stone; made from the native material of the land surface through which it passes, known to highway engineers as subgrade material. Dirt roads are suitable ...
s and of
bridle paths.
The construction of the intercity highway network in Sabah and Sarawak intensified at a faster pace after both states participated in the Federation of
Malaysia
Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
in 1963. In Sabah, the first
federally-funded intercity highway project ever constructed was the
Federal Route 22 from
Kota Kinabalu
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = From top, left to right, bottom:Kota Kinabalu skyline, Wawasan intersection, Tun Mustapha Tower, Kota Kinabalu Coastal Highway, the Kota Kinabalu City Mosque, the Wism ...
to
Sandakan
Sandakan (, Jawi: , ) formerly known at various times as Elopura, is the capital of the Sandakan District in Sabah, Malaysia. It is the second largest city in Sabah after Kota Kinabalu. It is located on the Sandakan Peninsula and east coast of ...
, as a joint project between the Malaysian federal government with the government of
Australia. Also dubbed as the "Malaysia-Australia Road Project" (MARP), the construction of the FT22 highway began in 1968 and was completed in 1982 with
Telupid
Telupid ( ms, Pekan Telupid) is the capital of the Telupid District in the Sandakan Division of Sabah, Malaysia.
History
Telupid was first settled around 1940s and became the major route for the Sandakan Death Marches during World War II. At ...
town became the main centre of the project headquarters.
In the meantime, the Kota Kinabalu–Papar section of the
Federal Route 1 was completed in 1964, followed by the Kota Kinabalu–Kudat section which was completed in the 1970s.
The entire Sabah Federal Route 1 was completed in 1981 after the construction of the final section from Papar to Sindumin was completed that year. Two years later in 1983, the construction of the Tawau–Semporna Highway (part of the
FT13 highway and the entire section of the SA51 highway) was completed.
The construction of the remaining section of the FT13 highway was completed in the early 1990s after the construction of Sungai Kinabatangan and Sungai Segama bridges were completed.
Meanwhile, in Sarawak, the construction of the
first intercity trunk highway in Sarawak was commenced in 1965, dubbed as the "First Trunk Road".
Most of the highway network in Sarawak was constructed within the decades of the 1960s to 1980s.
The Lawas–Merapok–Sindumin section was completed in 1981
while the final missing link from Sibu to Bintulu was completed in 1985. However, the highway had not been fully paved with asphalt yet at that time; it was only by the end of Sixth Malaysia Plan (RMK6) in 1995 that the FT1 highway in Sarawak was fully paved.
Before 1996, all routes in the Pan-Borneo Highway network in Malaysia were state highways. After the Federal Roads Act 1959 was made effective in Sabah and Sarawak in 1984, those highways were re-gazetted as federal highways in 1996 with the route number of FT1 (from Sematan to Kudat through
Brunei
Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: , ), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its South China Sea coast, it is completely surrounded by t ...
), FT13 (Mile 32 Sandakan to Tawau) and FT22 (Tamparuli to Sandakan).
[Federal Roads Act 1959 (Act 376)](_blank)
Accessed on 8 November 2015. Those highways were later gazetted as a part of
Asian Highway Network Route AH150.
Meanwhile, the road transportation network in Kalimantan region did not exist until the 1970s when logging roads were built by logging companies. Later, about 75% of the logging roads were converted to
national roads. The
Trans-Kalimantan Highway (southern route) was completed in 2016 with the opening of the
Tayan Bridge
Tayan Bridge ( id, Jembatan Tayan) is a bridge which crosses Kapuas River in Sanggau, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. This bridge is a part of Trans-Kalimantan Highway (southern route) that connects West Borneo with Central Borneo. The bridge is one ...
.
Although some sections had been upgraded to
divided highway
A dual carriageway ( BE) or divided highway ( AE) is a class of highway with carriageways for traffic travelling in opposite directions separated by a central reservation (BrE) or median (AmE). Roads with two or more carriageways which are ...
s, the Pan-Borneo Highway was notorious for its poor condition in many sections. , of the Indonesian Trans-Kalimantan Highway was built below the
Asian Highway Network Class III standards (lane width: 3.0 m; design speed limit: 80 km/h).
Meanwhile, the overall condition in many sections of the Malaysian section of the Highway was poor with many potholes, because most sections of the highway were built with standards as low as JKR R3 (design speed limit: 70 km/h; minimum lane width: 3.0 m).
A study to upgrade the entire highway to a
super two highway under JKR R5 standard (design speed limit: 100 km/h; minimum lane width: 3.5 m) was done, which was expected to cost RM16 billion.
Ultimately, the Malaysian federal government had opted to upgrade the Pan-Borneo Highway to a divided highway. The upgrade works of the Pan-Borneo Highway to a divided highway is expected to be completed by 2023 for the Sarawakian section and by 2025 for the Sabahan section, with the overall cost of RM27 billion.
Intersections along the Pan Borneo Highway
*
Malaysia Federal Route 1 (Sarawak)#List of interchanges, intersections and towns
*
Brunei Pan-Borneo Highway#List of interchanges, intersections and towns
*
Malaysia Federal Route 1 (Sabah)#List of interchanges
*
Kimanis-Keningau Highway#List of interchanges
*
Malaysia Federal Route 22#List of interchanges
*
Malaysia Federal Route 13 (Sabah)#List of interchanges
Pan Borneo Highway Sabah
UEM, MMC and Warisan Tarang Construction Sdn Bhd is teaming up, forms UEM-MMC-Warisan Tarang JV Sdn Bhd via a joint venture (JV) and received their role as project delivery partner (PDP) via Borneo Highway PDP (BHP) Sdn Bhd in 2016. Warisan Tarang owns BHP. It starts at Sindumin and ends at Serudong. In 2019, UEM announces that UEM-MMC-Warisan Tarang JV Sdn Bhd agrees the Pakatan Harapan government's decision to terminate their role as PDP. Since then, the joint venture company would gave up their operation and gives the project to other contractors to continue. This has caused the Sabah Pan Borneo Highway project to be disrupted in the long run until September 2020.
In October 2020, new Sabahan government was established under
GRS Party defeating
Warisan Party in state election. The leaders of
GRS Party announced that the Sabah Pan Borneo Highway will be restarted again and will not terminated the process until the Pan Borneo projects successfully done.
Pan Borneo Highway Sarawak
In 2015, then
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister i ...
Najib Razak and then
Chief Minister
A chief minister is an elected or appointed head of government of – in most instances – a sub-national entity, for instance an administrative subdivision or federal constituent entity. Examples include a state (and sometimes a union terri ...
,
Adenan Satem
Pehin Sri Tan Sri Haji Adenan bin Haji Satem ( ms, حاج عدنان بن حاج صتيم , label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset; 27 January 1944 – 11 January 2017), popularly known as Tok Nan, was a Malaysian politician who served as the ...
launched the Pan Borneo Highway project in Telok Melano. The main purpose was to upgrade the two-way lane to four lane two-way lane. 50 years ago, long-distance travelling was the only way through the two way and it was unhappy news for those who traveled to other parts of the state for working abroad and holiday seasons. It was Adenan's manifesto to upgrade the state's infrastructure. 10 contractors were involved in this project, beginning with Samlig Resources Sdn Bhd for works package (WPC01) which connects Telok Melano and Sematan in December 2015 as the first contractor and ended with Konsortium KPE Sdn Bhd for Sg. Tangap to Pujut Link Road in July 2016 as among the last contractors to do so. The length of this project was almost 10,000 km and the cost was near RM1 billion. Of all the projects, WPC01 Telok Melano to Sematan was the shortest length (32.77 km) while WPC02 Sematan to Sg. Moyan was the longest length (95.43 km), both went by Samling and there are 24 interchanges built at the each of projects, consists WPC02 (Bau, Lundu, Mile 10, Mile 7, Mile 6 & Mile 4 1/2), WPC03 (Serian 1, Serian 2 & Simunjan), WPC04 (Sri Aman), WPC05 (Betong), WPC06 (Sarikei & Bintangor), WPC07 (Julau & Sibu), WPC08 (Selangau), WPC10 (Nyabau, Suai, Niah & Bakun) & WPC11 (Miri Airport, Bekenu, Beluru & Pujut Link). Contractors involved are:
*
Samling Group of Companies (via Samling Resources Sdn Bhd)
*
Zecon Berhad
*
Kimlun Corporation Bhd
*
Naim Holdings Berhad
*
Gamuda Berhad
Gamuda Berhad () is an engineering, property and infrastructure company based in Malaysia. It is one of the largest Malaysian infrastructure companies and has undertaken various projects, both locally and overseas, like the construction of Kla ...
Endaya Construction Sdn Bhd
*
TRC Synergy Berhad
*
Pembinaan Kuantiti Sdn Bhd
*
Cahya Mata Sarawak (via PPES Works (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd (PPESW))
*
Bina Puri, via Bina Puri Sdn Bhd (BPSB)
*
Hock Seng Lee Berhad
Hock may refer to:
Common meanings:
* Hock (wine), a type of wine
* Hock (anatomy), part of an animal's leg
* To leave an item with a pawnbroker
People:
* Hock (surname)
* Richard "Hock" Walsh (1948-1999), Canadian blues singer
Other uses:
* ...
(HSL)
*
Dhaya Maju Infrastructure (Asia) Sdn Bhd (DMIA)
*
Musyati Sdn Bhd
*
Mudajaya Group Berhad
*
KKB Engineering Berhad
*
WCT Holdings Berhad
*
Shin Yang Group of Companies
Shin may refer to:
Biology
* The front part of the human leg below the knee
* Shinbone, the tibia, the larger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates
Names
* Shin (given name) (Katakana: シン, Hiragana: しん), a Japanese g ...
(via Pekerjaan Piasau Konkerit Sdn Bhd)
* Konsortium KPE Sdn Bhd (a 70:30 JV company of
KACC Construction Sdn Bhd
KACC is an album-oriented rock (AOR) formatted radio station based in Alvin, Texas, broadcasting on 89.7 FM in the Greater Houston area. It is under ownership of Alvin Community College. The station serves the Alvin and Brazoria County area, but ...
and
Perbena Emas Sdn Bhd)
It was conducted by
Lebuhraya Borneo Utara (LBU) Sdn Bhd as a turnkey contractor. Samling Resources Sdn Bhd and Pekerjaan Piasau Konkerit Sdn Bhd (PPK) takes the two projects, WPCs 01 & 02 connects Telok Melano and Sg. Moyan & WPC10 Bintulu Airport Junction to Sg. Tangap + Kick-Off Project Nyabau to Bakun Junction. In January 2019, the first package, Telok Melano to Sematan was complete and the main contractor, Samling Resources Sdn Bhd hands the completed road to the government to ease the Telok Melano residents to start their new trips to Sematan, Lundu, Bau, Kuching and vice versa via KM0.00, Telok Melano and ends at Sematan Roundabout, which is still in construction in WPC02 which connects Sematan and Sg. Moyan. The roundabout was included in this project and was nearer to SMK Sematan. It was launched by Works Minister,
Baru Bian
Baru Bian (born 9 September 1958) is a Malaysian politician. He has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Selangau since May 2018 and Member of the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Ba'kelalan since April 2011. He also had se ...
and Chief Minister,
Abang Johari Tun Openg. At the same year, the
kick-off project (KOP) Nyabau to Bakun Junction was completed and officially opened at 14 October by the representators of Sarawak Public Works Department, LBU, state government and the main contractor, Pekerjaan Piasau Konkerit Sdn Bhd. In 2020, LBU's status as Project Delivery Partner (PDP) was terminated by then
Pakatan Harapan
The Alliance of Hope ( ms, Pakatan Harapan; abbrev: PH; stylized as HARAPAN) is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of centre-left political parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It has been the ...
government prior to their collapse and
Malaysian Public Works Department
The Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR; ms, Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia) is the federal government department in Malaysia under Ministry of Works Malaysia (MOW) which is responsible for construction and maintenance of public infrastructure ...
or ''Jabatan Kerja Raya'' (JKR) takes over the project at the same time.
The contractors were divided into different WPCs:
*''Samling Resources Sdn Bhd'' - WPC01 Telok Melano to Sematan (TMS) () & WPC02 Sematan to Sg. Moyan (SSM) + KSR Interchanges ()
*''Zecon Kimlun JV Consortium Sdn Bhd'' - WPC03 Serian Roundabout to Pantu Junction (SPJ) ()
*''Naim Gamuda JV Sdn Bhd'' - WPC04 Pantu Junction to Batang Skrang (PJS) ()
*''Endaya - TRC - PK JV Sdn Bhd'' - WPC05 Batang Skrang to Sg. Awik (SSA) ()
*''PPESW BPSB JV Sdn Bhd'' - WPC06 Sg. Awik to Bintangor Junction (SAB) ()
*''HSL DMIA JV Sdn Bhd'' - WPC07 Bintangor Junction to Sg. Kua Bridge (BSK) ()
*''Musyati Mudajaya JV Sdn Bhd'' - WPC08 Sg. Kua Bridge to Sg. Arip Bridge (SKB) ()
*''KKBWCT Joint Venture Sdn Bhd'' - WPC09 Sg. Arip Bridge to Bintulu Airport Junction (ABJ) ()
*''Pekerjaan Piasau Konkerit Sdn Bhd'' - WPC10 Bintulu Airport Junction to Sg. Tangap (Nyabau Interchange) (BJT) () + Kick-Off Project (KOP) Nyabau to Bakun Junction ()
*''Konsortium KPE Sdn Bhd'' - WPC11 Sg. Tangap to Pujut Link Road (TPL) ()
In 2021, the new Durin Bridge's parallel was opened to public, as well as Serian 1 & 2, and Mile 4 1/2 Interchanges, the first flyover to be so. Julia Interchange, one of two flyovers in Sibu, were opened to public as well as new 4 lane road towards Durin Bridge. In 2022, Nyabau Interchange, the longest flyover, opened to public. At the same year, Interchanges of Mile 7 and 6 in Kuching, Miri Airport and Pujut Link opened to public as well as new 4 lane road towards Permyjaya in Miri.
See also
*
Malaysian Federal Roads system
References
External links
*
Sabah Pan-Borneo HighwaySarawak Pan-Borneo Highway*
{{Malaysian Expressway System
Roads and Highways in Brunei
Indonesian National Routes