outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...

endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...

Sikhism Sikhism (), also known as Sikhi ( pa, ਸਿੱਖੀ ', , from pa, ਸਿੱਖ, lit=disciple', 'seeker', or 'learner, translit=Sikh, label=none),''Sikhism'' (commonly known as ''Sikhī'') originated from the word ''Sikh'', which comes fro ...

Guru Nanak Gurū Nānak (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ; pronunciation: , ), also referred to as ('father Nānak'), was the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. His birth is celebrated wor ...

Gurus Guru ( sa, गुरु, IAST: ''guru;'' Pali'': garu'') is a Sanskrit term for a "mentor, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field. In pan- Indian traditions, a guru is more than a teacher: traditionally, the guru is a reverenti ...

organized religion Organized religion, also known as institutional religion, is religion in which belief systems and rituals are systematically arranged and formally established. Organized religion is typically characterized by an official doctrine (or dogma), a ...

Guru Granth Sahib The Guru Granth Sahib ( pa, ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, ) is the central holy religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded by Sikhs as the final, sovereign and Guru Maneyo Granth, eternal Guru following the lineage of the Sikh gur ...

God In monotheism, monotheistic thought, God is usually viewed as the supreme being, creator deity, creator, and principal object of Faith#Religious views, faith.Richard Swinburne, Swinburne, R.G. "God" in Ted Honderich, Honderich, Ted. (ed)''The Ox ...

Guru Granth Sahib The Guru Granth Sahib ( pa, ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, ) is the central holy religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded by Sikhs as the final, sovereign and Guru Maneyo Granth, eternal Guru following the lineage of the Sikh gur ...

Asa Di Var Asa Di Var, (Gurmukhi: ਆਸਾ ਦੀ ਵਾਰ) meaning “A ballad of hope,” is a collection of 24 stanzas (''pauris'') in the Guru Granth Sahib, from ang 462 to ang 475. Some people argue that the founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak Dev, wrote ...

Bhattan De Savaiye Bhattan de Savaiye ( pa, ਭੱਟਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਵਈਏ; ''bhaṭāṁ dē sava'ī'ē''), also known as Bhatt Bani (Gurmukhi: ਭੱਟ ਬਾਣੀ; ''bhaṭa bāṇī''), is a name given to 123 Savaiyas composed by various Bhatts, which a ...

Japji Sahib ''Japji Sahib'' (Punjabi: ਜਪੁਜੀ ਸਾਹਿਬ ) is the Sikh thesis, that appears at the beginning of the ''Guru Granth Sahib'' – the scripture of the Sikhs. It was composed by Guru Angad, and is mostly the writings of Guru Nanak. I ...

Kirtan Sohila Kirtan Sohila (Gurmukhi: ਕੀਰਤਨ ਸੋਹਿਲਾ ''kīratana sōhilā'') is a night prayer in Sikhism. Its name means 'Song of Praise'. It is composed of five hymns or shabad, the first three by Guru Nanak Dev, the fourth by Guru Ram D ...

Anand Karaj Anand Karaj ( pa, ਅਨੰਦ ਕਾਰਜ ānada kāraja) is the Sikh marriage ceremony, meaning "Act towards happiness" or "Act towards happy life", that was introduced by Guru Amar Das. The four ''laavaan'' (hymns which take place during ...

Mul Mantar The Mūl Mantar ( pa, ਮੂਲ ਮੰਤਰ, ) is the opening verse of the Sikh scripture, the ''Guru Granth Sahib''. It consists of thirteen words in the Punjabi language, written in Gurmukhi script, and are the most widely known among the Si ...

Rehras Rehras Sahib ( pa, ਰਹਰਾਸਿ ਸਾਹਿਬ), commonly known as So dar Rehras, is the daily evening prayer of the Sikhs and is part of Nitnem. It includes hymns from Guru Granth Sahib Ji and Dasam Granth Ji. It contains hymns of So ...

hymns A hymn is a type of song, and partially synonymous with devotional song, specifically written for the purpose of adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a deity or deities, or to a prominent figure or personification. The word ''hymn'' ...

Ragmala Ragmala, Raagmala, or Ragamala (Punjabi: ਰਾਗਮਾਲਾ ; pronounced rāgmālā) a composition of twelve verses, running into sixty lines that names various ragas, which appears in most ''saroops'' of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji after the c ...

Dasam Granth The ''Dasam Granth'' (Gurmukhi: ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ''dasama gratha'') is a collection of various manuscripts in Sikhism containing compositions attributed to Guru Gobind Singh.

Jaap Sahib Jaap Sahib (or Japu ''Sahib'') (Gurmukhi: ਜਾਪੁ ਸਾਹਿਬ'')'' is the morning prayer of the Sikhs. The beaded prayers were composed by the Tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh and is found at the start of the Sikh scripture Dasam ...

Guru Angad Guru Angad (31 March 1504 – 29 March 1552; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ, pronunciation: ) was the second of the ten Sikh gurus of Sikhism. After meeting Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, becoming a Sikh, and serving and working with ...

Tav-Prasad Savaiye ''Tav-Prasad Savaiye'' ( pa, ਤ੍ਵਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ਸ੍ਵਯੇ) is a short composition of 10 stanzas which is part of daily liturgy among Sikhs ('' Nitnem''). It was penned down by Guru Gobind Singh and is part of his composition ' ...

Sarbloh Granth The Sarbloh Granth or Sarabloh Granth ( pa, ਸਰਬਲੋਹ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ, ', literally 'Scripture of Wrought Iron'), also called Manglacharan Puran or Sri Manglacharan Ji, is a voluminous scripture, composed of more than 6,500 poetic stanza ...

Varan Bhai Gurdas Varan Bhai Gurdas (Gurmukhi: ਵਾਰਾਂ ਭਾਈ ਗੁਰਦਾਸ ''vārāṁ bhā'ī guradāsa'') is the name given to the 40 vars (a form of Punjabi poetry) which is traditionally attributed to Bhai Gurdas. Bhai Gurdas was a first co ...

Bhai Gurdas Bhai Gurdas ( pa, ਭਾਈ ਗੁਰਦਾਸ; 1551 – 25 August 1636) was a Sikh writer, historian and preacher who served as the Jathedar of the Akal Takht from 1606 to his death in 1636. He was the original scribe of the early version o ...

Guru Maneyo Granth "''Guru Maneyo Granth''" (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਮਾਨਿਓ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ or ਗੁਰੂ ਮਾਨਯੋ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ''gurū māni'ō gratha''; English: "Granth be Thy Guru") refers to the historic statement of the 10th Sikh Guru, S ...

Guru Gobind Singh Guru Gobind Singh (; 22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708), born Gobind Das or Gobind Rai the tenth Sikh Guru, a spiritual master, warrior, poet and philosopher. When his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was executed by Aurangzeb, Guru Gobind Sing ...

Bhai Bala Bhai Bala ( pa, ਭਾਈ ਬਾਲਾ 1466–1544), born in Talwandi Rai Bhoi into a Sandhu Jat family (now called Nankana Sahib in Pakistan),McLeod, W.H., Guru Nanak and the Sikh Religion. Oxford, 1968. was a childhood friend and lifelong co ...

Prithi Chand Prithi Chand (Gurmukhi: ਪ੍ਰਿਥੀ ਚੰਦ; 1558–April 1618) was the eldest son of Guru Ram Das – the fourth Guru of Sikhism, and the eldest brother of Guru Arjan – the fifth Guru.Puratan Janamsakhi — an early collection of janamsakhis by an unknown author. *

Panth Parkash ''Panth Prakash'' (Gurmukhi: ਪੰਥ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼), also called ''Pracīn Panth Prakash'' Old' Panth Prakash,not to be confused with "Naveen" Panth Prakash by Giani Gian Singh(Gurmukhi: ਪ੍ਰਾਚੀਨ ਪੰਥ ਪ੍ਰਕਾ� ...

— non-canonical Sikh history * Suraj Parkash — non-canonical Sikh history *

Zafarnama Zafarnama ( fa, ظفرنامه, lit. ''Book of Victory'') is the title of a number of Persian and Turkish literary works Zafarnama may also refer to: * ''Zafar-Namah'' or ''Timur-Namah'' of Hatefi, by a Persian epic poet dedicated to Timur * ''Zaf ...

— letter by

Guru Gobind Singh Guru Gobind Singh (; 22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708), born Gobind Das or Gobind Rai the tenth Sikh Guru, a spiritual master, warrior, poet and philosopher. When his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was executed by Aurangzeb, Guru Gobind Sing ...

to

Aurangzeb Muhi al-Din Muhammad (; – 3 March 1707), commonly known as ( fa, , lit=Ornament of the Throne) and by his regnal title Alamgir ( fa, , translit=ʿĀlamgīr, lit=Conqueror of the World), was the sixth emperor of the Mughal Empire, ruling ...

Associated terms

*

Ardās The Ardās ( pa, ਅਰਦਾਸ) is a set prayer in Sikhism. It is a part of worship service in a Gurdwara (Sikh temple), daily rituals such as the opening the ''Guru Granth Sahib'' for ''prakash'' (morning light) or closing it for ''sukhasa ...

* Bhagat Bani — any of the writings that appear in the Guru Granth Sahib which were not written by the Gurus. *

Gurbani Gurbani ( pa, ਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ) is a Sikh term, very commonly used by Sikhs to refer to various compositions by the Sikh Gurus and other writers of Guru Granth Sahib. In general, hymns in the central text of the Sikhs, the Guru Granth Sahi ...

(abbreviated as ''bani'') — general term for Gurus' writings * Gutka — a small sized

breviary A breviary (Latin: ''breviarium'') is a liturgical book used in Christianity for praying the canonical hours, usually recited at seven fixed prayer times. Historically, different breviaries were used in the various parts of Christendom, such a ...

or

prayer book A prayer book is a book containing prayers and perhaps devotional readings, for private or communal use, or in some cases, outlining the liturgy of religious services. Books containing mainly orders of religious services, or readings for them are ...

containing chosen hymns (banis) from Sikh scriptures *

Nitnem ''Nitnem'' ( Punjabi: ਨਿਤਨੇਮ) (literally ''Daily Routine'') is a collection of Sikh hymns (''Gurbani'') to be read minimally 3 different times of the day. These are mandatory and to be read by every Amritdhari Sikh as expressed in ...

— daily recitations *

Paath Paath or Path (Punjabi: ਪਾਠ ), from the Sanskrit patha which means reading or recitation, is, in the religious context, reading or recitation of the holy texts. In Sikhism, comprehension of what is being read is considered more important tha ...

*

Savaiya Sawaiya is a form of poetry which is written in praise of someone in which every verse is a quarter times the length of common verse. The plural of Savaiya is Savaiye (Punjabi: ਸ੍ਵਯੇ ). Famous among them are Tav-Prasad Savaiye ''Tav-P ...

— a form of poetry written in praise of someone, in which every verse is 1/4 times the length of a common verse. *

Shabda ''Shabda'' ( sa, शब्द, ), is the Sanskrit word for "speech sound". In Sanskrit grammar, the term refers to an utterance in the sense of linguistic performance. History In classical Indian philosophy of language, the grammarian Katyaya ...

— the hymns contained in Sikh scriptures. * Sloka — 'stanza'; the Sanskrit epic metre formed of 32 syllables: verses of 2 lines (''

distich A couplet is a pair of successive lines of metre in poetry. A couplet usually consists of two successive lines that rhyme and have the same metre. A couplet may be formal (closed) or run-on (open). In a formal (or closed) couplet, each of the ...

'') of 16 syllables each or in 4 half-lines (''

hemistich A hemistich (; via Latin from Greek , from "half" and "verse") is a half-line of verse, followed and preceded by a caesura, that makes up a single overall prosodic or verse unit. In Latin and Greek poetry, the hemistich is generally confined to ...

'') of 8 syllables each.

Philosophy and beliefs

*

Waheguru ''Waheguru'' ( pa, ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, translit=vāhigurū, translit-std=IAST) is a word used in Sikhi to refer to God as described in ''Guru Granth Sahib''. The meaning of the word (usually spelled in English as ''Waheguru'') is tradi ...

— God ** Akal **

Akal Purakh Akal Purakh ( pa, ਅਕਾਲ ਪੁਰਖ) is an interchangeable Sikh name used to denote God, or the omnipresent divine. Meaning Literally it means "a timeless being who never dies." The first word '' Akal'', literally "timeless, immortal, n ...

**

Ik Onkar , also spelled (Gurmukhi: or ; ); literally, "There is only one God or One creator or one Om-maker") is a phrase in Sikhism that denotes the one supreme reality. It is a central tenet of Sikh religious philosophy. are the first words of the M ...

(or Ek Onkar) ** Monoism **

Nirguna ''Para Brahman'' ( sa, परब्रह्म, translit=parabrahma, translit-std=IAST) in Hindu philosophy is the "Supreme Brahman" that which is beyond all descriptions and conceptualisations. It is described as the formless (in the sense th ...

**Nirbau, Nirvair — Without fear and Without hate **

Sarav viāpak In Sikhism Sikhism (), also known as Sikhi ( pa, ਸਿੱਖੀ ', , from pa, ਸਿੱਖ, lit=disciple', 'seeker', or 'learner, translit=Sikh, label=none),''Sikhism'' (commonly known as ''Sikhī'') originated from the word ''Sikh'', whic ...

** Sarguna **

Satguru ''Satguru'' ( sa, सत्गुरु), or ''sadguru'' ( sa, सद्गुरु), means the 'true guru' in Sanskrit. The term is distinguished from other forms of gurus, such as musical instructors, scriptural teachers, parents, and so on ...

— 'true God' **

Satnam Satnam (Gurmukhi: ਸਤਿ ਨਾਮੁ) is the main word that appears in the Sikh sacred scripture called the Guru Granth Sahib. It is part of the Gurbani shabad called Mool Mantra which is repeated daily by Sikhs. This word succeeds the word ...

— ' od'sname is true' * 3 pillars of Sikhism **

Naam Japo In Sikhism, Nām Japō ( Gurmukhi ਨਾਮ ਜਪੋ), also known as Naam Japna or Naam Simran, refers to the meditation or contemplation of the various Names of God (or qualities of God), especially the chanting of the word " Waheguru" ('Wo ...

—

meditation Meditation is a practice in which an individual uses a technique – such as mindfulness, or focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity – to train attention and awareness, and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally cal ...

on the name of God ** Kirat Karo — earning a living honestly, without exploitation or fraud **

Vand Chhako ( pa, ਵੰਡ ਛਕੋ) is one of the three main pillars of the teachings of Guru Nanak, the founder of the Sikhism. The other two pillars are ''Naam Japo'' and '' Kirat Karo''. It means to share what you have and to consume it together as a ...

— sharing with others; helping those with less or those who are in need * 5 Virtues **

Sat The SAT ( ) is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. Since its debut in 1926, its name and scoring have changed several times; originally called the Scholastic Aptitude Test, it was later called the Schol ...

— 'truth' **

Santokh {{Primary sources, date=June 2019 Santokh (Gurmukhi: ਸੰਤੋਖ) means "contentment" and is one of five virtues that is vigorously promoted by the Sikh Gurus. The other four qualities in the arsenal are: "Truth" ( Sat), "Compassion" ( Daya), ...

— 'contentment, satisfaction' ** Daya — 'compassion, kindness' **

Nimrata Nimrata (Gurmukhi: ਨਿਮਰਤਾ ''nimaratā'') is an important virtue that is vigorously promoted by Gurbani and Sikh history. The literal translation of this Punjabi Punjabi, or Panjabi, most often refers to: * Something of, from, or rel ...

— 'humility, benevolence' **

Pyaar Pyār (Punjabi: ਪਿਆਰ ''pi'āra'') is the Punjabi and Hindi word for love. It is derived from Sanskrit priya (love) and kāra (act). It is one of the five virtues of Sikhism. See also * Five Virtues In Sikhism, the Five Virtues are ...

— 'love' *

Bole So Nihal ''Bole So Nihal'' ( pa, ਬੋਲੇ ਸੋ ਨਿਹਾਲ, meaning "Whoever utters, shall be fulfilled.") is a '' Jaikara'' or war cry or Clarion call'' of Sikhs given by the Tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh. Use ''Bole So Nihal...Sat Sri Ak ...

* Charhdi Kala — the aspiration to maintain a mental state of eternal optimism and joy. *

Five Thieves In Sikhism, the Five Thieves (Punjabi: ਪੰਜ ਚੋਰ ''paja cōra''), also called the five vices (Punjabi: ਪੰਜ ਬੁਰਾਈਆਂ ''paja burā'ī'āṁ''), are the five major weaknesses of the human personality at variance with its ...

**

Kaam Kaam (Gurmukhi: ਕਾਮ ''Kāma'') in common usage, the term stands for 'excessive passion for sexual pleasure' and it is in this sense that it is considered to be an evil in Sikhism. In Sikhism it is believed that Kaam can be overcome ...

— 'lust' **

Krodh {{Five Evils Krodh (Gurmukhi: ਕਰੋਧ ''Karōdha'') is derived from the Sanskrit word krodha (क्रोध), which means wrath or rage. This is an emotion recognized in the Sikh system as a spring of desire and is as such counted as on ...

— 'anger, wrath' **

Lobh {{Five Evils Lobh (Gurmukhi: ਲੋਭ ''Lōbha'') is a word derived from Sanskrit (लोभ), which translates in English to greed; it is a strong desire for worldly possessions and a constant focus on possessing material items, especially the u ...

— 'greed' **

Moh Moh (Punjabi: ਮੋਹ ''mōha''; Sanskrit: ''muh'': is a word in Punjabi and Sanskrit. Definition “to become stupefied, to be bewildered or perplexed, to err, to be mistaken”. It stands in ancient texts for perplexity or confusion and ...

— ' attachment' **

Hankaar Hankaar, Hankār or Ahankar (Gurmukhi: ਹੰਕਾਰ), is the Gurmukhi word originated from a Sanskrit word Ahankāra (Hindi or Sanskrit: अहंकार) which translates to mean ego or excessive pride due to one's possessions, material we ...

— 'ego, pride' *

Gurmat Gurmat (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਮਤਿ ; gur-mat, mat, Sanskrit mati, i.e. counsel or tenets of the Guru: more specifically, focusing the mind towards the Guru) is a term which may in its essential sense be taken to be synonymous with Sikhism itself. ...

*

Hukam Hukam ( pa, ਹੁਕਮਿ) is a Punjabi word derived from the Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in co ...

* Idolatry in Sikhism *

Khalsa Khalsa ( pa, ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ, , ) refers to both a community that considers Sikhism as its faith,Kha ...

— 'pure' * Nirguni bhakti * Raj Karega Khalsa * Sarbat da bhalla — welfare (''bhalla'') of mankind (''sarbat'') * Seva — selfless service *

Shakti In Hinduism, especially Shaktism (a theological tradition of Hinduism), Shakti (Devanagari: शक्ति, IAST: Śakti; lit. "Energy, ability, strength, effort, power, capability") is the primordial cosmic energy, female in aspect, and rep ...

*

Sikh Rehat Maryada The Sikh Rehit Maryada (Punjabi: ; also transcribed as Sikh Reht Maryada or Khalsa Rehat Maryada) is a code of conduct and conventions for Sikhism. The final version of the Rehat Maryada was approved by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee ...

– code of conduct *

Simran Simran (Gurmukhi: ਸਿਮਰਨ; hi, सिमरण, सिमरन ; from Sanskrit: , ''smaraṇa'', 'to remember, reminisce, recollect'), in spirituality, is a Sanskrit word referring to the continuous remembrance of the finest aspect of ...

— the remembrance of

Waheguru ''Waheguru'' ( pa, ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, translit=vāhigurū, translit-std=IAST) is a word used in Sikhi to refer to God as described in ''Guru Granth Sahib''. The meaning of the word (usually spelled in English as ''Waheguru'') is tradi ...

.

Relation to other religions

*

Hinduism and Sikhism Hinduism and Sikhism are Indian religions. Hinduism has pre-historic origins, while Sikhism was founded in the 15th century by Guru Nanak. Both religions share many philosophical concepts such as Karma, Dharma, Mukti, Maya although both religio ...

*

Islam and Sikhism Islam is an Abrahamic religion founded in the Arabian Peninsula, while Sikhism is a monotheistic religion founded in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. Islam means 'submission to God'. The word Sikh is derived from a word meaning ' ...

* Jainism and Sikhism

Practices and culture

*

Amrit Amrit ( ar, عمريت), the classical Marathus ( grc-gre, Μάραθος, ''Marathos''), was a Phoenician port located near present-day Tartus in Syria. Founded in the third millenniumBC, Marat ( phn, 𐤌𐤓𐤕, ) was the northernmost imp ...

— elixir of immortality; the sanctified nectar or sugar water substitute used in ceremonies. It is prepared by stirring it in an iron bowl with the double-edged sword and continuous recitation of five ''banis'' by the five selected members of the

Khalsa Khalsa ( pa, ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ, , ) refers to both a community that considers Sikhism as its faith,Kha ...

. *

Dasvand Dasvandh ( pa, ਦਸਵੰਧ, also transcribed as daswandh) is the one tenth part (or 10%) of one's income that one should donate, both financially and directly in the form of '' seva'', according to Sikh principles. It falls into Guru Nanak ...

— a kind of Sikh

tithe A tithe (; from Old English: ''teogoþa'' "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash or cheques or more r ...

; the act of donating 10% of one's harvest, both financially and in the form of time and service (i.e., seva) to the Gurdwara and community. *

Five Ks In Sikhism, the Five Ks ( pa, ਪੰਜ ਕਕਾਰ ) are five items that Guru Gobind Singh Ji, in 1699, commanded Khalsa Sikhs to wear at all times. They are: ''kesh'' (unshorn hair and beard since the Sikh decided to keep it), '' kangha'' (a ...

— five articles of faith worn by baptised, or ''

khalsa Khalsa ( pa, ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ, , ) refers to both a community that considers Sikhism as its faith,Kha ...

'', Sikhs: ** Kesh — uncut hair **

Kangha A ''kangha'' ( pa, ਕੰਘਾ/کنگھا) is a small wooden comb that Sikhs usually use twice a day. It is supposed to be kept with the hair at all times. Combs help to clean the hair, and are a symbol of cleanliness. Combing their hair remi ...

— a comb **

Kara Kara or KARA may refer to: Geography Localities * Kara, Chad, a sub-prefecture * Kára, Hungary, a village * Kara, Uttar Pradesh, India, a township * Kara, Iran, a village in Lorestan Province * Kara, Republic of Dagestan, a rural locality in Da ...

— a circular iron bracelet **

Kirpan The kirpan is a curved, single-edged dagger or knife carried by Sikhs. Traditionally, it was a full-sized sword but modern Sikhs have reduced the length to that of a dagger or knife due to modern considerations based on societal and legal chang ...

— a small dagger **

Kachera Kachera ( pa, ਕਛੈਰਾ) are an undergarment for the lower body that is specially tailored for shalwar with a tie-knot ''naala'' or '' naada '' (drawstring) worn by fully initiated Sikhs. They are similar to European boxer shorts in app ...

— special underwear short *

Kirtan Kirtana ( sa, कीर्तन; ), also rendered as Kirtan, is a Sanskrit word that means "narrating, reciting, telling, describing" of an idea or story, specifically in Indian religions. It also refers to a genre of religious performance arts ...

— musical recitation *

Langar Langar may refer to: Community eating *Langar (Sikhism) * Langar (Sufism) Places Afghanistan *Langar, Badakhshan, Afghanistan * Langar, Bamyan, Afghanistan * Langar, Faryab, Afghanistan * Langar, Herat, Afghanistan * Langar, Wardak, Afghanis ...

— communal kitchen where free food is distributed to all comers **

Pangat Pangat (Punjabi: ਪੰਗਤ ) is a word derived from the Sanskrit word ''pankti''पङ्क्ति that means a line, a row, or a group. It is a synonym for ''Guru Ka Langar''. In a Pangat, food is served by volunteers (Sevadars) to people o ...

*

Naam Japo In Sikhism, Nām Japō ( Gurmukhi ਨਾਮ ਜਪੋ), also known as Naam Japna or Naam Simran, refers to the meditation or contemplation of the various Names of God (or qualities of God), especially the chanting of the word " Waheguru" ('Wo ...

—

meditation Meditation is a practice in which an individual uses a technique – such as mindfulness, or focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity – to train attention and awareness, and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally cal ...

on the

name A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. The entity identified by a name is called its referent. A personal ...

of God ** Jaap — 'recitation' * Prohibitions (''kurahit kurahat''), including: **Cutting, trimming, shaving or removing hairs from one's body — Sikhs practice ''kesh'', allowing their hair to grow out naturally in respect to God's creation **

Intoxication Intoxication — or poisoning, especially by an alcoholic or narcotic substance — may refer to: * Substance intoxication: ** Alcohol intoxication ** LSD intoxication ** Toxidrome ** Tobacco intoxication ** Cannabis intoxication ** Cocaine i ...

** Castism **

Kutha meat Kutha, Cuthah, Cuth or Cutha ( ar, كُوثَا, Sumerian: Gudua), modern Tell Ibrahim ( ar, تَلّ إِبْرَاهِيم), formerly known as Kutha Rabba ( ar, كُوثَىٰ رَبَّا), is an archaeological site in Babil Governorate, Iraq. ...

— eating meat killed in a ritualistic manner (particularly

halal ''Halal'' (; ar, حلال, ) is an Arabic word that translates to "permissible" in English. In the Quran, the word ''halal'' is contrasted with ''haram'' (forbidden). This binary opposition was elaborated into a more complex classification kno ...

or

kosher (also or , ) is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jewish people are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher ( in English, yi, כּשר), fro ...

meat), or any meat where

langar Langar may refer to: Community eating *Langar (Sikhism) * Langar (Sufism) Places Afghanistan *Langar, Badakhshan, Afghanistan * Langar, Bamyan, Afghanistan * Langar, Faryab, Afghanistan * Langar, Herat, Afghanistan * Langar, Wardak, Afghanis ...

is served (except ''jatkha'' meat). * Seva — selfless service ** Sevadar — one who volunteers ** Kar seva ** Kar sevak *

Sikh Rehat Maryada The Sikh Rehit Maryada (Punjabi: ; also transcribed as Sikh Reht Maryada or Khalsa Rehat Maryada) is a code of conduct and conventions for Sikhism. The final version of the Rehat Maryada was approved by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee ...

— code of conduct

Sikh ceremonies

*

Anand Karaj Anand Karaj ( pa, ਅਨੰਦ ਕਾਰਜ ānada kāraja) is the Sikh marriage ceremony, meaning "Act towards happiness" or "Act towards happy life", that was introduced by Guru Amar Das. The four ''laavaan'' (hymns which take place during ...

('blissful union, joyful union') — the Sikh marriage ceremony, first introduced by

Guru Amar Das Guru Amar Das (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰ ਦਾਸ, pronunciation: ; 5 May 1479 – 1 September 1574), sometimes spelled as Guru Amardas, was the third of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism and became Sikh Guru on 26 March 1552 at age 73. Befor ...

. *

Akhand Path Akhand Path ( pa, ਅਖੰਡ ਪਾਠ, ) The continuous and uninterrupted recitation of Sri Guru Guru Granth Sahib Ji is known as Akhand Path Sahib. Sikhism The continuous nonstop recitation of all the verses in the Guru Granth Sahib from th ...

— continuous reading of ''

Sri Guru Granth Sahib The Guru Granth Sahib ( pa, ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, ) is the central holy religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded by Sikhs as the final, sovereign and eternal Guru following the lineage of the ten human gurus of the rel ...

'', either in honour of a particular occasion or simply to increase one's feeling of connection to God. Akhand Paths can be held, for example, in honour of a birth/birthday, wedding/anniversary, recovery from a medical operation, death, or a historic occasion; to celebrate the achievement of a goal such as a graduation or passing the driving test; or in chasing away evil spirits and curses, etc. *

Amrit Sanchar Amrit Sanchar (Gurmukhi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ ਸੰਸਕਾਰ "nectar ceremony"; also called Amrit Parchar, or Khande di Pahul ਖੰਡੇ ਦੀ ਪਾਹੁਲ) is one of the four Sikh Sanskaars. The Amrit Sanskar is the initiation rite ...

— baptism into the

Khalsa Khalsa ( pa, ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ, , ) refers to both a community that considers Sikhism as its faith,Kha ...

tradition *

Antam Sanskar Antam Sanskar (Gurmukhi: ਅੰਤਮ ਸੰਸਕਾਰ ''atama sasakāra'') refers to the funeral rites in Sikhism. ''Antam'' (or ''Antim'') means "final", while ''sanskar'' means "rite". In Sikhism, death is considered a natural process and ...

— funeral rites *

Naam Karan Naam Karan is the name given to the Sikh child naming ceremony. It usually takes place at a Gurdwara, there is no strict time table for holding the ceremony, the health and well-being of the mother and child being considered most important in de ...

— child's naming ceremony * Sadharan Paath

Sikh festivals

*

Bandi Chhor Divas Bandi Chhor Divas ( Punjabi: ਬੰਦੀ ਛੋੜ ਦਿਵਸ ; meaning) is a Sikh celebration that commemorates the day the sixth Guru of Sikhs, Guru Hargobind released 52 prisoners from Gwalior Fort, who had been imprisoned by Mughal E ...

— a celebration during

Diwali Diwali (), Dewali, Divali, or Deepavali ( IAST: ''dīpāvalī''), also known as the Festival of Lights, related to Jain Diwali, Bandi Chhor Divas, Tihar, Swanti, Sohrai, and Bandna, is a religious celebration in Indian religions. It is ...

*

Gurpurab Gurpurab ( Punjabi: ਗੁਰਪੁਰਬ ) in Sikh tradition is a celebration of an anniversary of a Guru's birth marked by the holding of a festival. There are indications in the old chronicles that the gurus who succeeded Guru Nanak cele ...

— the celebration of an anniversary of a Guru's birth, particularly that of

Guru Nanak Gurū Nānak (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ; pronunciation: , ), also referred to as ('father Nānak'), was the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. His birth is celebrated wor ...

. * Guru Ladho Re Diwas *

Mela Maghi Maghi da Mela ( Punjabi: ਮਾਘੀ ਦਾ ਮੇਲਾ ), held at the holy city of Sri Muktsar Sahib each year in January or the month of ''Magh'' according to Nanakshahi calendar and it is one of the most important melas or fairs of India a ...

* Nagar Kirtan * Vasakhi — a festival during late Spring

General Sikh culture

*

Dastar A dastār ( pa, ਦਸਤਾਰ/دستار, from fa, دستار; ''dast'' or "hand" with the agentive suffix -ār; also known as a ਪੱਗ ''paga'' or ਪੱਗੜੀ ''pagaṛī'' in Punjabi) is an item of headwear associated with Sikhism, ...

— turban (''

pagri Phari or Pagri (; ) is a town in Yadong County in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China near the border with Bhutan. The border can be accessed through a secret road/trail connecting Tsento Gewog in Bhutan () known as Tremo La. the town had a popula ...

''); an inseparable part of Sikh dress that is mandatory for Sikh males according to

Guru Granth Sahib The Guru Granth Sahib ( pa, ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, ) is the central holy religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded by Sikhs as the final, sovereign and Guru Maneyo Granth, eternal Guru following the lineage of the Sikh gur ...

and the ''

Sikh Rehat Maryada The Sikh Rehit Maryada (Punjabi: ; also transcribed as Sikh Reht Maryada or Khalsa Rehat Maryada) is a code of conduct and conventions for Sikhism. The final version of the Rehat Maryada was approved by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee ...

''. *

Diet in Sikhism Followers of Sikhism do not have a preference for meat or vegetarian consumption.

*

Gatka Gatka (; ; hi, गतका; ur, ) is a form of martial art associated primarily with the Sikhs of the Punjab and other related ethnic groups, such as Hindkowans. It is a style of stick-fighting, with wooden sticks intended to simulate ...

— Sikh martial art * Idolatry in Sikhism *

Karah Parshad In Sikhism, Prashad (Punjabi: ਕੜਾਹ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦ ) is a type of whole wheat flour halva made with equal portions of whole-wheat flour, clarified butter, and sugar and double quantity of water. It is offered to all visitors to the Da ...

*

Khanda Khanda may refer to: Places * Khanda, Sonipat, a very big and historical village in Sonipat district of Haryana, India * Khanda, Jind, a village in Jind district of Haryana, India * Khanda Kheri, a village in Hansi Tehsil of Hisar district of ...

— an Indian-double edged sword that is used as the primary symbol of the Sikh faith. It appears on the

Nishan Sahib The Nishan Sahib (Gurmukhi: ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ ਸਾਹਿਬ ''niśāna sāhiba'') is a Sikh triangular flag made of cotton or silk cloth, with a tassel at its end. The word, ''Nishan Sahib'' means exalted ensign, and the flag is hoisted on a t ...

that flies over gurdwaras. *

Kirtan Kirtana ( sa, कीर्तन; ), also rendered as Kirtan, is a Sanskrit word that means "narrating, reciting, telling, describing" of an idea or story, specifically in Indian religions. It also refers to a genre of religious performance arts ...

— musical recitation *

Nanakshahi calendar The Nanakshahi calendar (Punjabi: ਨਾਨਕਸ਼ਾਹੀ ਜੰਤਰੀ ) is a tropical solar calendar used in Sikhism. It is based on the "Barah Maha" (Twelve Months), a composition composed by the Sikh gurus reflecting the changes in na ...

— the calendar used in Sikhism *# Chet *#

Vaisakh Vaisakh ( pa, ਵਿਸਾਖ, ) is the second month in the Nanakshahi calendar. This month coincides with April and May in the Gregorian calendar and to Vaisakha in the Hindu calendar and the Indian national calendar; it comprises the time of c ...

*#

Jeth Jeṭh (Punjabi: ਜੇਠ) is a third month of the Nanakshahi calendar, which govern the activities within Sikhism. This month coincides with Jyeshtha in the Hindu calendar and the Indian national calendar, and May and June in the Gregorian an ...

*#

Harh Hāṛh ( pa, ਹਾੜ੍ਹ, ) is the fourth month of the Nanakshahi calendar. This month coincides with Ashadha in the Hindu calendar and the Indian national calendar, and June and July of the Gregorian and Julian calendars and is 31 days in ...

*#

Sawan Sāwaṇ or Sāuṇ ( pa, ਸਾਵਣ, ਸਾਉਣ, ) is the fifth month in the Nanakshahi calendar. Many Indian calendars started in different eras such as Shaka Calendar (national calendar of India) traditional Vikrama as well as the Nanak ...

*#

Bhadon Bhādõ ( pa, ਭਾਦੋਂ, ) is the sixth month of the Nanakshahi calendar and Punjabi calendar. This month coincides with Bhadra in the Hindu calendar and the Indian national calendar, and August and September in the Gregorian and Julian c ...

*#

Assu Assū ( pa, ਅੱਸੂ , ) is the seventh month of the Nanakshahi calendar, which governs the Sikh tradition. This month coincides with Ashvin in the Hindu calendar and the Indian national calendar, and September and October in the Gregorian a ...

*#

Katak Kattak ( ਕੱਤਕ, ) is the eighth month of the Nanakshahi calendar. This month coincides with Kartik in the Hindu calendar and the Indian national calendar, and October and November in the Gregorian and Julian calendars and is 30 days lon ...

*# Maghar *#

Poh Poh ( pa, ਪੋਹ, ) is the tenth month of the Nanakshahi calendar, which governs the activities within Sikhism. This month coincides with Pausha in the Hindu calendar and the Indian national calendar, and December and January in the Gregorian ...

*# Magh *#

Phagun Phaggaṇ ( pa, ਫੱਗਣ, ) is the twelfth and last month of the Nanakshahi calendar, which governs activities within Sikhism. This month coincides with Phalguna in the Hindu calendar and the Indian National calendar, and February and March o ...

*

Punjabi language Punjabi (; ; , ), sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan language of the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It has approximately 113 million native speakers. Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 80.5 m ...

**

Gurmukhi Gurmukhī ( pa, ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ, , Shahmukhi: ) is an abugida developed from the Laṇḍā scripts, standardized and used by the second Sikh guru, Guru Angad (1504–1552). It is used by Punjabi Sikhs to write the language, commonly r ...

— the written form of Punjabi used in the Sikh scriptures (and in

Punjab, India Punjab (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northern India. Forming part of the larger Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, the state is bordered by the States and union territories of India, Indian states of Himachal ...

, more generally) propagated by

Guru Nanak Gurū Nānak (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ; pronunciation: , ), also referred to as ('father Nānak'), was the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. His birth is celebrated wor ...

and

Guru Angad Guru Angad (31 March 1504 – 29 March 1552; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ, pronunciation: ) was the second of the ten Sikh gurus of Sikhism. After meeting Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, becoming a Sikh, and serving and working with ...

. It is contrast to ''shahmukhi'', which is the Islamic script for Punjabi (used in

Punjab, Pakistan Punjab (; , ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in central-eastern region of the country, Punjab is the second-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the largest province by population. It shares land borders with the ...

). **

Sant Bhasha Sant Bhasha (ਸੰਤ-ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ; ''Sant Bhāṣā'') is a language composed of vocabulary common to northern Indian languages, which was extensively used by saints and poets to compose religious verses. It can be understood by readers with ...

* Ragi — Sikh musician who performs hymns * Sikhism and sexual orientation

Sikh geography

*

Akal Takhat The Akal Takht ("Throne of the Timeless One") is one of five Takht (Sikhism), takhts (seats of power) of the Sikhs. It is located in the Darbar Sahib (Golden Temple) complex in Amritsar, Punjab, India. The Akal Takht (originally called Akal Bun ...

('Eternal Throne') — nominal seat of Sikh temporal/political authority. *

Amritsar Amritsar (), historically also known as Rāmdāspur and colloquially as ''Ambarsar'', is the second largest city in the Indian state of Punjab, after Ludhiana. It is a major cultural, transportation and economic centre, located in the Majha r ...

— the holy city of Sikhism, home to 1.5 million in the northwestern part of India. ** Harmandir Sahib (or Golden Temple) — the holy shrine of Sikhs; the spiritual and cultural center of the Sikh religion, found in Amritsar. *

Anandpur Sahib Anandpur Sahib, sometimes referred to simply as Anandpur (lit. "city of bliss"), is a city in Rupnagar district (Ropar), on the edge of Shivalik Hills, in the Indian state of Punjab. Located near the Sutlej River, the city is one of the most ...

— the birthplace of the

Khalsa Khalsa ( pa, ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ, , ) refers to both a community that considers Sikhism as its faith,Kha ...

** Virasat-e-Khalsa — a Sikh museum in Anandpur * Goindval Sahib * Kartarpur — seat of

Guru Nanak Gurū Nānak (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ; pronunciation: , ), also referred to as ('father Nānak'), was the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus. His birth is celebrated wor ...

's first school. *

Nankana Sahib Nankana Sahib () is a city and capital of Nankana Sahib District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is named after the first Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Nanak, who was born in the city and first began preaching here. Nankana Sahib is the mos ...

— birthplace of Guru Nanak *

Patna Sahib Patna City, popularly known as Patna Saheb or Patna Sahib, is a city and one of the 6 Sub-divisions (Tehsil) in Patna district, Bihar, India. Patna City is an old area of Patna. Patna City history belongs to Patliputra. It is regarded as ve ...

*

Samadhi of Ranjit Singh The Samadhi of Ranjit Singh ( pa, , ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਸਮਾਧੀ ; ) is a 19th-century building in Lahore, Pakistan that houses the funerary urns of the Sikh Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780 – 1839). It is located adjacen ...

— a building in Lahore, Pakistan that houses the funerary urns of Sikh ruler

Ranjit Singh Ranjit Singh (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839), popularly known as Sher-e-Punjab or "Lion of Punjab", was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire, which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century. He s ...

*

Takht Takht may refer to: Places Iran * Takht-e Olya, a village in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran *Takht-e Sofla, a village in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran * Takht, Golestan, a village in Mindasht County, Golestan Province, Iran *Takht, Hamadan, a vill ...

Sikhism by country

*

Sikhism in Australia Australian Sikhs number over 210,000 people and account for 0.8% of Australia's population as of 2021, forming the country's fifth-largest and fastest-growing religious group. The largest Sikh populations in Australia are found in Victoria, f ...

*

Sikhism in Afghanistan Sikhism in Afghanistan in the contemporary era is limited to small populations, primarily in major cities, with the largest numbers of Afghan Sikhs living in Jalalabad, Ghazni, Kabul, and to a lesser extent in Kandahar and Khost. The origin ...

* Sikhs in Belgium *

Sikhism in Canada Canadian Sikhs number nearly 800,000 people and account for 2.1% of Canada's population as of 2021, forming the country's fourth-largest and fastest-growing religious group. The largest Sikh populations in Canada are found in Ontario, followed ...

* Sikhs in Fiji *

Sikhism in India Indian Sikhs number over 20 million people and account for 1.7% of India's population as of 2011, forming the country's fourth-largest religious group. The majority of the nation's Sikhs live in the northern state of Punjab, which is the onl ...

*

Sikhism in New Zealand New Zealander Sikhs number over 40,000 people and account for 0.9% of New Zealand's population as of 2018, forming the country's fifth-largest and fastest-growing religious group. Small numbers of Sikh immigrants from Punjab settled in New Zea ...

*

Sikhism in Pakistan Sikhism in Pakistan has an extensive heritage and history, although Sikhs form a small community in Pakistan today. Most Sikhs live in the province of Punjab, a part of the larger Punjab region where the religion originated in the Middle Ages, w ...

*

Sikhism in Thailand Sikhism is a recognised minority religion in Thailand, with about 70,000 adherents. The religion was brought by migrants from India who began to arrive in the late 19th century. There are about twenty Sikh temples or Gurdwaras in the country, in ...

*

Sikhism in the United Arab Emirates Sikhism in the United Arab Emirates has a following of over 50,000; the majority of Sikhs in the UAE are found in Dubai and are expatriates hailing from India and Pakistan. The Sikh Gurdwara in Dubai, Guru Nanak Darbar, serves over 10,000 wor ...

*

Sikhism in the United Kingdom British Sikhs number over 520,000 people and account for 0.88% of England and Wales's population as of 2021, forming the United Kingdom's fourth-largest religious group. According to the 2021 United Kingdom census, Sikhs in England & Wales num ...

* Sikhism in the United States

Gurdwaras

In India

The Harmandir Sahib (or Golden Temple) is the holy shrine of Sikhs; the spiritual and cultural center of the Sikh religion, found in Amritsar. The Shiromani Gurudwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC) is the organization responsible for the management of gurdwaras in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh, and the union territory of Chandigarh Other gurdwaras in India include: *

Gurdwara Bangla Sahib Gurudwara Bangla Sahib () is one of the most prominent Sikh gurdwaras, or Sikh house of worship, in Delhi, India, and known for its association with the eighth Sikh Guru, Guru Har Krishan, as well as the holy pond inside its complex, known as t ...

*

Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib Gurdwara Sri Tarn Taran Sahib is a gurdwara established by the fifth guru, Guru Arjan Dev, in the city of Tarn Taran Sahib, Punjab, India. The site has the distinction of having the largest sarovar (water pond) of all the gurdwaras. It is famou ...

*

Goindwal Sahib Goindwal ( pa, ਗੋਇੰਦਵਾਲ, meaning ‘City of Govind’, an epithet of God), also known as Goindwal Sahib and alternatively transliterated as Goindval, is located in Taran Taran district in the Majha region of the state of Punjab ...

In the United States

*

Gurdwara Sahib Fremont The Gurdwara, Gurdwara Sahib of Fremont, California, Fremont (also commonly referred to as the Fremont Gurdwara or the Sikh Temple of Fremont) is a center of Sikh worship. Although it is located in Fremont, a city in southern Alameda County, it se ...

* Sikh Gurdwara - San Jose * Sikh Gurdwara of San Francisco *

Sikh Religious Society of Chicago The Sikh Religious Society (SRS), based in Palatine, Illinois, is a United States-based Not-for-Profit Religious Organization and a place of worship, incorporated in 1972. It manages the largest Gurdwaara Sahib ( Sikh Worship Center) of Midwest A ...

Gurdwaras in Pakistan

* Kartarpur — seat of Guru Nanak's first school. *

Nankana Sahib Nankana Sahib () is a city and capital of Nankana Sahib District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is named after the first Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Nanak, who was born in the city and first began preaching here. Nankana Sahib is the mos ...

— birthplace of Guru Nanak.

Other gurdwaras

*

Gurdwaras in Canada A gurdwara ( pa, ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ, ' or , ', meaning "the doorway to the Guru") is the Sikh place of worship and may be referred to as a Sikh temple. Asia India Assam * Gurdwara Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib Bihar *Takht Sri Patna Sah ...

* Khalsa Diwan Sikh Temple (Hong Kong) *

Gurdwara Sahib Klang Gurdwara Sahib Klang is a Sikh gurdwara located in the town of Klang in Selangor, Malaysia. It was constructed between November 1993 and late 1995. The total cost of the building was nearly RM 2,000,000 and out of which RM 100,000 was donated b ...

(Malaysia) *

Central Sikh Temple Central Sikh Temple is the first Sikh gurdwara in Singapore. Established in 1912, the temple had relocated several times before moving to its current site at Towner Road at the junction of Serangoon Road in Kallang in 1986 near Boon Keng MRT s ...

— the first gurdwara in Singapore *

Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha Southall Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha Southall (SGSS) is a Sikh gurdwara situated on Guru Nanak Road and Park Avenue, Southall, in the London Borough of Ealing. It is the largest Sikh temple in London. Building work at the Havelock Road site commence ...

(London)

Other Sikh institutions

*

Damdami Taksal The Damdamī Ṭaksāl is an orthodox Sikh cultural and educational organization, based in India. Its headquarters are located in the town of Mehta Chowk, approximately 40 km north of the city of Amritsar. It has been described as a seminary or ...

*

Guru Nanak Dev University The university is Entitled by University Grants Commission to offer higher studies degree courses online. Guru Nanak Dev University's campus is spread over near village of Kot Khalsa, nearly west of the Amritsar, next to Khalsa College, A ...

*

Guru Nanak Khalsa College of Arts, Science & Commerce Guru Nanak Khalsa College is an affiliate college of University of Mumbai in Matunga, Mumbai. It offers undergraduate, Masters and PhD programs in arts, science and commerce disciplines. History The college was established in 1937 by the Sh ...

*

Khalsa College, Amritsar Khalsa College ( pa, ਖਾਲਸਾ ਕਾਲਜ ''khālsā kālaj'') is a historic educational institution in the northern Indian city of Amritsar in the state of Punjab, India. Founded in 1892, the sprawling campus is located about eight ...

*

Pingalwara Pingalwara is a house for destitutes in Amritsar in northern Indian state of Punjab. It is housed in a three-storey building near the main Amritsar bus stand on the National Highway no. 1, also known as G.T. Road. In this house all the handic ...

* Satnam Trust *

Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund Formerly founded as the Sikh Mediawatch and Resource Task Force (SMART) in 1996, the Sikh American Legal Defense and Education Fund (SALDEF) is a national civil rights and educational organization in the United States. SALDEF is a national 501(c) 3 ...

* Sikh Phulwari *

Sikh Reference Library The Sikh Reference Library was a repository of an estimated 20,000 literary works located in the Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) at Amritsar, Punjab (India), Punjab which was destroyed during Operation Blue Star. Kaur, Jaskaran; Crossette, Barb ...

*

Thai Sikh International School Thai Sikh International School (TSIS; , ) is an international school that has been operating since 1985. The school has two very well equipped campuses. The Senior School, which educates students in years 7–13, is located near Bearing BTS statio ...

Sikh politics, military, and administration

Organizations

* All India Sikh Students Federation * British Sikh Student Federation *

Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee The Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee (DSGMC) is organization in India responsible for the management of Gurdwaras, Sikh places of worship in Delhi. It also manages various educational institutions, hospitals, old age homes, librar ...

*

Ghadar Party The Ghadar Movement was an early 20th century, international political movement founded by expatriate Indians to overthrow British rule in India. The early movement was created by conspirators who lived and worked on the West Coast of the Unite ...

*

Haryana State Akali Dal Haryana State Akali Dal (or HSAD) is a Sikh political party in India, a splinter group of the Badal-led Shiromani Akali Dal that sided with Gurcharan Singh Tohra on the Ranjit Singh issue. HSAD was formed on 23 May 1999 on similar lines as Shir ...

* Punjab Janata Morcha *

Shiromani Akali Dal The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) (translation: ''Supreme Akali Party'') is a centre-right sikh-centric state political party in Punjab, India. The party is the second-oldest in India, after Congress, being founded in 1920. Although there are many ...

** Sarb Hind Shiromani Akali Dal ** Shiromani Akali Dal (Amristsar) **

Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi Shiromani Akali Dal Delhi is a splinter group of the Shiromani Akali Dal. SADD emerged as a separate party on 22 February 1999 when a section of the Delhi unit of the Badal-led SAD revolted against the suspension of Ranjit Singh as the Akal Takh ...

** Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic) **

Shiromani Akali Dal (Longowal) Shiromani Akali Dal (Longowal) was a splinter group of the Parkash Singh Badal-led Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD). The party was launched in 2004 with Surjit Kaur Barnala (wife of SAD leader Surjit Singh Barnala) as its president. Prem Singh Chan ...

**

Shiromani Akali Dal (Panthik) Shiromani Akali Dal (Panthic) is a defunct Indian political party in Punjab.It is one of several hard-line splinter group, formed as a result of the split in Shiromani Akali Dal in 1991. SAD(P) was formed in 1990. It is led by Jasbir Singh Ro ...

* Shiromani Gurudwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC) — the organization responsible for the management of gurdwaras in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh, and the union territory of Chandigarh *

Sikh Manji A Manji (Punjabi: ਮੰਜੀ ਪ੍ਰਥਾ ) was a Sikh religious administrative unit for the propagation of Sikhism towards men. It was part of the Sikh missionary administrative organization founded by Guru Amar Das, the third Guru of Sikh ...

— Sikh administrative unit *

United Sikhs United Sikhs is a civil and human rights, humanitarian aid non profit organization and disaster relief non-governmental organization which is also a United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated ...

*

World Sikh Organization World Sikh Organization (WSO) is a Sikh religious and non-profit organization whose 1984 founding goal was "to provide an effective, credible voice to represent Sikh interests on the world stage", after Operation Blue Star. Its stated goal is "t ...

Military

* Misl *

Piri System The Piri System was part of the Sikh missionary administrative organization founded by the third Sikh guru, Guru Amar Das, for the purpose of propagating Sikhism amongst women. The system was significantly expanded by the seventh Sikh guru, Guru H ...

*

Sant Sipahi A ''Sant Sipahi'' (Punjabi: ਸੰਤ-ਸਿਪਾਹੀ, meaning 'Saint-Soldier') is a Sikh that aims to become both spiritually and martially skilled, as per the teachings of the 6th Sikh Guru, Guru Hargobind. Guru Hargobind is credited with th ...

*

Sikh Empire The Sikh Empire was a state originating in the Indian subcontinent, formed under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who established an empire based in the Punjab. The empire existed from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahor ...

*

Sikh Khalsa Army The Sikh Khalsa Army (), also known as Khalsaji or simply Sikh Army, was the military force of the Sikh Empire. With its roots in the Khalsa founded by Guru Gobind Singh, the army was later modernised on Franco-British principles by Maharaja Ran ...

*

Sikh Light Infantry The Sikh Light Infantry is a light infantry regiment of the Indian Army.Sikh Regiment The Sikh Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army. Sikh regiment is the highest decorated regiment of the Indian Army and in 1979, the 1st battalion was the Commonwealth's most decorated battalion with 245 pre-independence and 8 ...

Movements

*

Akali movement The Akali movement , also called the Gurdwara Reform Movement, was a campaign to bring reform in the gurdwaras (the Sikh places of worship) in India during the early 1920s. The movement led to the introduction of the Sikh Gurdwara Bill in 1925, w ...

* Babbar Akali movement *

Ghadar movement The Ghadar Movement was an early 20th century, international political movement founded by expatriate Indians to overthrow British rule in India. The early movement was created by conspirators who lived and worked on the West Coast of the Unite ...

*

Khalistan movement The Khalistan movement is a Sikh separatist movement seeking to create a homeland for Sikhs by establishing a sovereign state, called Khālistān (' Land of the Khalsa'), in the Punjab region. The proposed state would consist of land that cur ...

— a separatist movement to create a

Sikh Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism, Sikhism (Sikhi), a Monotheism, monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Gu ...

homeland, often named ''Khālistān'' ( pa, ਖ਼ਾਲਿਸਤਾਨ, hi, ख़ालिस्तान, 'Land of the

Khalsa Khalsa ( pa, ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ, , ) refers to both a community that considers Sikhism as its faith,Kha ...

'), composed of the

Punjab region Punjab (; Punjabi Language, Punjabi: پنجاب ; ਪੰਜਾਬ ; ; also Romanization, romanised as ''Panjāb'' or ''Panj-Āb'') is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the I ...

of modern-day

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

and

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

. *

Singh Sabha Movement The Singh Sabha Movement was a Sikh movement that began in Punjab in the 1870s in reaction to the proselytising activities of Christians, Hindu reform movements ( Brahmo Samajis, Arya Samaj) and Muslims (Aligarh movement and Ahmadiyah). The mov ...

History of Sikhism

* 1469–1539 — Time of Guru Nanak *1606 —

Guru Arjan Guru Arjan (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜਨ, pronunciation: ; 15 April 1563 – 30 May 1606) was the first of the two Gurus martyred in the Sikh faith and the fifth of the ten total Sikh Gurus. He compiled the first official edition of th ...

executed succeeded bu

Guru Hargobind Gurū Hargobind (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿਗੋਬਿੰਦ, pronunciation: l 19 June 1595 – 28 February 1644), revered as the ''sixth Nānak'', was the sixth of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion. He had become Guru at the young age of e ...

who start the Sikh martial tradition. *1675 —

Guru Tegh Bahadur Guru Tegh Bahadur ( Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ (Gurmukhi); ; 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) was the ninth of ten Gurus who founded the Sikh religion and the leader of Sikhs from 1665 until his beheading in 1675 ...

executed for protesting for religious freedom *1699 — Khalsa Sajana Divas *1708 —

Guru Granth Sahib The Guru Granth Sahib ( pa, ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, ) is the central holy religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded by Sikhs as the final, sovereign and Guru Maneyo Granth, eternal Guru following the lineage of the Sikh gur ...

becomes eternal Guru *1710–1715 — Banda Singh's Raj *1716–1799 —

Sikh Confederacy The Misls (derived from an Arabic word مِثْل meaning 'equal') were the twelve sovereign states of the Sikh Confederacy, which rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent and is cit ...

**1752–1801 — Sukerchakia *1746 —

Chhota Ghallughara Chhota Ghallughara ( pa, ਛੋਟਾ ਘੱਲੂਘਾਰਾ , "Smaller Massacre") was a massacre of a significant proportion of the Sikh population living in the region around present-day city of Lahore situated in Punjab, Pakistan, Pakistani P ...

('small massacre') — a massacre of a significant proportion of the Sikh population by the

Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire was an early-modern empire that controlled much of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries. Quote: "Although the first two Timurid emperors and many of their noblemen were recent migrants to the subcontinent, the d ...

, in which Jaspat Rai's brother Lakhpat Rai with the Mughal army killed an estimated 7,000 Sikhs died. *1762 —

Vadda Ghalughara Vadda Ghalughara ( pa, ਵੱਡਾ ਘੱਲੂਘਾਰਾ, translit=ʋəɖɖɑ kə̀lːuɡɑ̀ɾɑ, lit=Greater Massacre) was the mass murder of unarmed Sikhs by the Afghan forces of the Durrani Empire during the years of Afghan influence in ...

('large massacre') — a mass-murder of unarmed Sikhs by the Afghan forces of the

Durrani Empire The Durrani Empire ( ps, د درانيانو ټولواکمني; fa, امپراتوری درانیان) or the Afghan Empire ( ps, د افغانان ټولواکمني, label=none; fa, امپراتوری افغان, label=none), also know ...

, during the years of Afghan influence in the Punjab region. *1799–1849 —

Sikh Empire The Sikh Empire was a state originating in the Indian subcontinent, formed under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who established an empire based in the Punjab. The empire existed from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahor ...

**1845–46 —

First Anglo-Sikh War The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company in 1845 and 1846 in and around the Ferozepur district of Punjab. It resulted in defeat and partial subjugation of the Sikh empire and cession of ...

**1848–49 —

Second Anglo-Sikh War The Second Anglo-Sikh War was a military conflict between the Sikh Empire and the East India Company, British East India Company that took place in 1848 and 1849. It resulted in the fall of the Sikh Empire, and the annexation of the Punjab r ...

*1897 —

Battle of Saragarhi The Battle of Saragarhi was a last-stand battle fought before the Tirah Campaign between the British Raj and Afghan tribesmen. On 12 September 1897, an estimated 12,00024,000 Orakzai and Afridi tribesmen were seen near Gogra, at Samana Suk, a ...

— a last-stand battle during the

British Raj The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or Direct rule in India, * Quote: "Mill, who was himsel ...

*1919 April 13 — Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre (or Amritsar Massacre) *1920–25 —

Akali movement The Akali movement , also called the Gurdwara Reform Movement, was a campaign to bring reform in the gurdwaras (the Sikh places of worship) in India during the early 1920s. The movement led to the introduction of the Sikh Gurdwara Bill in 1925, w ...

*1984 June 1–8 —

Operation Blue Star Operation Blue Star was the codename of a military operation which was carried out by Indian security forces between 1 and 10 June 1984 in order to remove Damdami Taksal leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and his followers from the buildings of ...

— a military operation inside the Harmandar Sahib *1984 November —

1984 anti-Sikh riots The 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots, also known as the 1984 Sikh Massacre, was a series of organised pogroms against Sikhs in India following the assassination of Indira Gandhi by her Sikh bodyguards. Government estimates project that about 2,800 Sikhs ...

*2012 August 5 —

Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting On August 5, 2012, a mass shooting took place at the gurdwara (Sikh temple) in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, United States where 40-year-old Wade Michael Page fatally shot six people and wounded four others. A seventh victim died of his wounds in 202 ...

Battles

* 1621 —

Battle of Rohilla The Battle of Rohilla was a 1621 campaign by the Mughal Empire against the growing influence of the Sikhs. Because of historic persecution from the Mughal Empire and the martyrdom of the fifth Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Arjan (Also Guru Hargobind ...

* 1634 —

Battle of Lahira The Battle of Lahira was fought between Mughal Empire and Sikhs in 1634. Battle Guru Hargobind's popularity became a cause of the tension between Sikhs and Mughals. The concerned Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, sent his two generals, Husein Mirz ...

* 1634 —

Battle of Amritsar (1634) The Battle of Amritsar was a campaign by Mukhlis Khan against Guru Hargobind and the Sikhs on 14 April 1634. The battle took place over two days and was a result of increasing tensions between the Mughal government and Guru Hargobind. Backgrou ...

* 1635 —

Battle of Kartarpur The Battle of Kartarpur occurred on 25 April 1635 It started when the Mughal Empire attacked the town of Kartarpur, and was the last major battle of the Mughal-Sikh Wars during Guru Hargobind's period of Guruship.The Mughal force was repulsed ...

* 1686 September —

Battle of Bhangani The Battle of Bhangani ( pa, ਭੰਗਾਣੀ ਦਾ ਯੁੱਧ) was fought between Guru Gobind Singh's army and Bhim Chand (Kahlur) of Bilaspur on 18 September 1686, at Bhangani near Paonta Sahib.Rajput Rajas of Shivalik Hills particip ...

* 1691 —

Battle of Nadaun The Battle of Nadaun was fought at Nadaun, between Raja Bhim Chand Chandel of Bilaspur (Kahlur) and the Mughals under Alif Khan. Raja Bhim Chand Chandel was supported by Guru Gobind Singh (the tenth Sikh Guru) and the Mughals were supported ...

* 1696 — Battle of Guler * 1700 —

Battle of Anandpur (1700) The Battle of Anandpur was fought at Anandpur, between the armies of the Sikh Guru Gobind Singh and the Mughal forces aided by the Nawab of Bahawalpur state, Rajas of the Sivalik Hills. Cause The increasing power of Guru Gobind Singh, and his ...

* 1700 —

Second Battle of Anandpur The Second Battle of Anandpur (1704) (''anadapura dī dūjī laṛā'ī sāla satārāṁ sau cāra''), also known as the Siege of Anandpur (''anadapura dī ghērābadī''), was fought at Anandpur, between Sikhs and the Mughal generals Wazir K ...

* 1701 —

Battle of Anandpur (1701) The Battle of Anandpur (1701) was fought at Anandpur, between the armies of the Sikh Guru Gobind Singh and the Rajas of the Sivalik Hills. The latter had an alliance with the Gujar tribesmen. Cause The hill Rajas were concerned about Guru ...

* 1702 —

Battle of Basoli The Battle of Basoli was fought between the Mughal Empire and the Sikhs. The Mughal Army was defeated in the bloody Battle of Nirmohgarh (1702) earlier in the year. After the battle, Sikh Guru Gobind Singh moved to Basoli where the combined forc ...

* 1702 — Battle of Nirmohgarh * 1702 —

First Battle of Chamkaur The First Battle of Chamkaur was fought in 1702 between the Sikhs and the Mughals. It resulted in a Sikh victory and Mughal General Sayyad Beg joined the Sikh's with some troops.{{Cite book, last=Singh, first=Dalip, title=Life of Sri Guru Gobind Si ...

. * 1704 —

First Battle of Anandpur (1704) {{Campaignbox Mughal-Sikh Wars The First Battle of Anandpur in 1704 was fought between the Mughal Empire and the Sikhs. The Battle The Mughals were defeated in the First Battle of Chamkaur earlier in the year, therefore the Mughal emperor Aurangz ...

* 1704 December —

Battle of Sarsa The Battle of Sarsa was fought in 21 December 1704 between the Khalsa and the Mughal Empire. Guru Gobind Singh's family got separated and Mani Singh, along with other Sikhs, took Mata Sundri and Mata Sahib Kaur to Delhi, whereas Gobind, the P ...

* 1704 December 6 — Second Battle of Chamkaur. * 1705 December 29 —

Battle of Muktsar The Battle of Sri Muktsar Sahib (Muktsar) or Battle of Khidrāne Dee Dhāb took place on 29 December 1705, (29 Poh) following the siege of Anandpur Sahib. In 1704, Anandpur Sahib was under an extended siege by the allied forces of the Mugha ...

* 1709 — Battle of Sonepat * 1709 —

Battle of Samana The Battle of Samana was fought between Banda Singh Bahadur and the Mughal Government of Samana in 1709. Following the battle, Banda Singh Bahadur shook the administration of Delhi. Background Samana was a town where executioners Sayyed Jalal ...

* 1710 — Battle of Sadhaura * 1710 —

Battle of Rahon The Battle of Rahon was fought between Sikhs and Mughal Empire on 11 October 1710. Background Banda Singh Bahadur captured almost half Punjab, east of Lahore and became the master of a region in eastern Punjab from river Indus to Satluj. Thi ...

* 1710 — Battle of Jalalabad * 1710 May — Battle of Chappar Chiri * 1710 December —

Battle of Lohgarh The Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah's army moved towards Lohgarh where they engaged with the Sikhs to capture the fort on 16 December 1710. Battle Bahadur Shah had planned to advance upon Banda's stronghold at Lohgarh, however reports of Banda's ...

* 1712 —

Battle of Jammu The Battle of Jammu was fought between the Sikhs under the command of Banda Singh Bahadur against the Mughal forces near the hills of Jammu on January 22, 1712. The Mughals were able to achieve victory against the Sikhs. Background After t ...

* 1715 —

Siege of Gurdaspur The siege of Gurdaspur was a major campaign of the new Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar in present-day India in 1715. Aftermath Banda and his followers were captured alive and then taken to Delhi and executed under the orders of Mughal Emperor Farrukh ...

*1715 April —

Battle of Gurdas Nangal The Battle of Gurdas Nangal was a battle that took place in April 1715 between the Sikhs, led by Banda Singh Bahadur, and the Mughals, led by Abd al-Samad Khan. Banda at that time was carrying out operations and small raids to the north of Amrit ...

* 1757 —

Battle of Amritsar (1757) The Battle of Amritsar, also known as the Battle of Gohalwar, was fought between Durrani Empire and Shaheedan Misl of Dal Khalsa on 11 November 1757. The Battle Ahmad Shah Durrani had finished raiding Hindustan and was returning to Afghanis ...

* 1759 —

Battle of Lahore (1759) The Battle of Lahore was fought between the Durrani Empire and the Maratha Empire, who were assisted by the forces of the local Sikh Misls such as the Sukerchakia Misl and the Ahluwalia Misl of the Punjab in 1759. Background and battle Ahmad ...

* 1761 —

Battle of Sialkot (1761) The Battle of Sialkot was fought between Durrani Empire and Sukerchakia Misl of Dal Khalsa in 1761. Background Ahmad Shah Durrani raided India and defeated the Marathas in the Third Battle of Panipat like he defeated them at Bararighat and Sika ...

* 1761 — Battle of Gujranwala * 1761 —

Sikh Occupation of Lahore The Siege of Lahore took place in 1761 when the Sikhs besieged Lahore and captured it after facing no opposition from Durrani forces. Background After victory in the Third Battle of Panipat, Ahmad Shah Durrani sent General Nuruddin with 12,00 ...

*1762 —

Battle of Harnaulgarh The Battle of Harnaulgarh was fought between the Durrani Empire and the Sikh Misls of Dal Khalsa in 1762. Battle The Sikhs assembled on May 1762 and plundered the baggage of the Mughal governor of Sirhind, Zain Khan Sirhindi. The Sikh forces ...

*1762 February 5 —

Battle of Kup The Battle of Kup was fought on 5 February 1762, between the Afghan forces of Ahmad Shah Durrani and the Sikhs, under the command of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia and Charat Singh. Ahmad Shah Durrani with around 40,000 Soldiers reached Malerkotla, west ...

* 1763 —

Battle of Sialkot (1763) The Battle of Sialkot took place on 12 November 1763, between the Durrani Empire, led by Jahan Khan, and the Sukerchakia Misl, led by Charat Singh, as part of the Afghan-Sikh wars which concluded with Sikh victory. Background During the battle ...

* 1764 —

Battle of Sirhind The siege of Sirhind was fought between the Mughal Empire and Sikh forces in 1710. The Sikhs besieged, stormed, captured, plundered and razed the city of Sirhind after defeating and beheading Wazir Khan in the battle of Chappar Chiri. Backgr ...

* 1783 — Capture of Delhi and Red Fort *1809 March–August — Gurkha-Sikh War * 1813 July 13 — Battle of Attock *1818 March–June —

Battle of Multan The siege of Multan began in March 1818 and lasted until 2 June 1818 as part of the Afghan–Sikh Wars, and saw the Sikh Empire capture the city of Multan (in modern-day Pakistan) from the Durrani Empire. Background After he was defeated at ...

*1819 July 3 —

Battle of Shopian The Battle of Shopian took place on 3 July 1819 between an expeditionary force from the Sikh Empire and Jabbar Khan, the governor of the Kashmir Valley province of the Durrani Empire. It was the decisive battle during the Sikh expedition into K ...

* 1834 —

Battle of Peshawar The Capture of Peshawar took place in spring of 1758https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Chhatrapati_Shivaji/ngCqCQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Battle+of+Peshawar%22+1758&pg=PP1&printsec=frontcover Page 37 when Maratha Empire in alliance with the ...

* 1837 —

Battle of Jamrud The Battle of Jamrud was fought between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the Sikh Empire on 30 April 1837. It was the last effort made by Emir Dost Mohammad Khan to recapture the former Afghan winter capital of Peshawar. Afghan forces confronted the ...

*1841–42 — Sino-Sikh War *1845 December —

Battle of Mudki The Battle of Mudki was fought on 18 December 1845, between the forces of the East India Company and part of the Sikh Khalsa Army, the army of the Sikh Empire of the Punjab. The British army won an untidy encounter battle, suffering heavy casu ...

*1845 December —

Battle of Ferozeshah The Battle of Ferozeshah was fought on 21 December and 22 December 1845 between the British East India Company and the Sikh Empire, at the village of Ferozeshah in Punjab. The British were led by Sir Hugh Gough and Governor-General Sir Henry Har ...

* 1846 —

Battle of Baddowal The Battle of Baddowal was an attack in 1846 by troops of the Sikh Empire on a contingent of the British East India Company near Ludhiana in the present-day state of Punjab, India. The Battle After the Sikh army was defeated in the Battle of Mu ...

Jacques, p. 93 * 1846 January —

Battle of Aliwal The Battle of Aliwal was fought on 28 January 1846 between the British and Sikh forces in northern India (now Punjab). The British were led by Sir Harry Smith,Smith, Sir Harry. ‘'The Autobiography of Lieutenant-General Sir Harry Smith Bar ...

* 1846 February —

Battle of Sobraon The Battle of Sobraon was fought on 10 February 1846, between the forces of the East India Company and the Sikh Khalsa Army, the army of the Sikh Empire of the Punjab. The Sikhs were completely defeated, making this the decisive battle of th ...

*1848 November —

Battle of Ramnagar The Battle of Ramnagar (sometimes referred to as the Battle of Rumnuggur) was fought on 22 November 1848 between British East India Company and Sikh Empire forces during the Second Anglo-Sikh War. The British were led by Sir Hugh Gough, while t ...

*1848 April–1849 January —

Siege of Multan The siege of Multan began on 19 April 1848 and lasted until 22 January 1849, and saw fighting around Multan (in present-day Pakistan) between the British East India Company and the Sikh Empire. It began with a rebellion against a ruler imposed ...

*1849 January — Battle of Chillianwala * 1849 —

Battle of Gujrat The Battle of Gujrat was a decisive battle in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, fought on 21 February 1849, between the forces of the East India Company, and a Sikh army in rebellion against the company's control of the Sikh Empire, represented by ...

*1897 —

Battle of Saragarhi The Battle of Saragarhi was a last-stand battle fought before the Tirah Campaign between the British Raj and Afghan tribesmen. On 12 September 1897, an estimated 12,00024,000 Orakzai and Afridi tribesmen were seen near Gogra, at Samana Suk, a ...

People

Sikhs Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism (Sikhi), a monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak. The term ...

are members of the Sikh religion. A sangat is a society or congregation of Sikhs.

Titles and labels

* Amritdhari — baptized Sikh; anyone who has been initiated into the

Khalsa Khalsa ( pa, ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ, , ) refers to both a community that considers Sikhism as its faith,Kha ...

, according to ''

Sikh Reht Maryada Rehat ( Punjabi: ਰਹਿਤ, alternatively transliterated as Rehit, Rahit, or Rahat) refers to the rules and traditions which govern the unique Sikh lifestyle and determines correct Sikh orthodoxy and orthopraxy. The Sikh Rehit Maryada ( Punjab ...

''. *

Brahmgiani ''Brahmgiani'' (Punjabi: ਬ੍ਰਹਮਗਿਆਨੀ ) or ''The Brahm Giani'' in Sikhism is a highly enlightened individual being who is one with Waheguru. In Sikhism, such a person has also been named a '' Gurmukh'', ''Sadhu'' or '' Sant''. ...

— highly enlightened individual who has obtained the ultimate blessings of

Waheguru ''Waheguru'' ( pa, ਵਾਹਿਗੁਰੂ, translit=vāhigurū, translit-std=IAST) is a word used in Sikhi to refer to God as described in ''Guru Granth Sahib''. The meaning of the word (usually spelled in English as ''Waheguru'') is tradi ...

. *

Granthi A Granthi ( pa, ਗ੍ਰੰਥੀ, ) is a person, female or male, of the Sikh religion who is a ceremonial reader of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, which is the Holy Book in Sikhism, often read to worshipers at Sikh temples called a Gurdwara. The na ...

— the Sikh that reads

Guru Granth Sahib The Guru Granth Sahib ( pa, ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, ) is the central holy religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded by Sikhs as the final, sovereign and Guru Maneyo Granth, eternal Guru following the lineage of the Sikh gur ...

*

Gurmukh Gurmukh (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਮੁਖ) means "Coming from the persona of the Guru" or "To be in the character or personality of the Guru" and implies to be god centred. The higher spiritual meaning is one who has met the Guru within, in meditation ...

— a person who is spiritually centered. A person who lives within the will of God and accepts all good and bad that happens to one's self without question or annoyance. A gurmukh stands in contrast to a ''

manmukh Within Sikhism, Manmukh ( Punjabi: ਮਨਮੁਖ ) literally means "to follow one's mind or desires". It appears as a noun to describe a self-serving individual who follows their own desires. Definition The word ''Manmukh'' consists of two part ...

''. *

Gursikh Gursikh ( Punjabi: ਗੁਰਸਿੱਖ ) is a term used by Sikhs, either to describe any Sikh, or one who is especially devoted to following the Sikh guru, a "pious, observant Sikh". See also * Amritdhari * Anand Karaj * Gurmukh * List of Si ...

*

Gyani A gyani or giani (Punjabi: ਗਿਆਨੀ ) is an honorific Sikh title used by someone learned in the Sikh religion and who often leads the congregation in prayers, such as Ardas, or in singing (kirtan). The word means "knowledge" in Punjabi, ...

*

Jathedar A jathedar ( pa, ਜੱਥੇਦਾਰ) is a leader of high regard chosen to head and ensure discipline within a jatha, a body of Sikhs. The Jathedar of the Akal Takht is the central head of the Sikhs worldwide, who makes all important decisions ...

**

Jathedar of Akal Takht The Jathedar of the Akal Takht ( pa, ਜੱਥੇਦਾਰ ਅਕਾਲ ਤਖ਼ਤ ਸਾਹਿਬ) is the head of the Akal Takht and head of the Sikhs worldwide. The jathedar has the de facto power as the supreme spokesperson of the Khalsa t ...

* Kar sevak *

Manmukh Within Sikhism, Manmukh ( Punjabi: ਮਨਮੁਖ ) literally means "to follow one's mind or desires". It appears as a noun to describe a self-serving individual who follows their own desires. Definition The word ''Manmukh'' consists of two part ...

— a self-centered person, contrast to ''

gurmukh Gurmukh (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਮੁਖ) means "Coming from the persona of the Guru" or "To be in the character or personality of the Guru" and implies to be god centred. The higher spiritual meaning is one who has met the Guru within, in meditation ...

''. A person who lives within the will of the Mind as opposed to the will of god. *

Nihang The Nihang or Akali (lit. "the immortals") is an armed Sikh warrior order originating in the Indian subcontinent. Nihang are believed to have originated either from Fateh Singh and the attire he wore or from the "Akali" (lit. Army of the Immort ...

— a warrior Sikh *

Nirankari Nirankari ( pa, ਨਿਰੰਕਾਰੀ, ''lit.'' "formless one") is a sect of Sikhism.Harbans Singh, Editor-in-Chief (201Nirankaris Encyclopedia of Sikhism Volume III, Punjabi University, Patiala, pages 234–235 It was a reform movement found ...

— an offshoot of Sikhism * Patit — apostate *

Sahajdhari A Sahajdhari Sikh ( Punjabi: ਸਹਜਧਾਰੀ ; Meaning "spiritual state of equilibrium adopter") is a person who believes in Sikhism, but is not an Amritdhari. A Sahajdhari adheres to the principles of Sikhism and the teachings of the S ...

— unbaptized Sikh. *

Sant Sipahi A ''Sant Sipahi'' (Punjabi: ਸੰਤ-ਸਿਪਾਹੀ, meaning 'Saint-Soldier') is a Sikh that aims to become both spiritually and martially skilled, as per the teachings of the 6th Sikh Guru, Guru Hargobind. Guru Hargobind is credited with th ...

*

Sardar Sardar, also spelled as Sardaar/Sirdar ( fa, سردار, , 'commander', literally 'headmaster'), is a title of royalty and nobility that was originally used to denote princes, noblemen, chiefs, kings and other aristocrats. It has also been u ...

— a word contemporarily used to address or denote a turban-wearing Sikh male. The term initially used by Sikh leaders and generals who held important positions in various

Sikh Misls The Misls (derived from an Arabic word مِثْل meaning 'equal') were the twelve sovereign states of the Sikh Confederacy, which rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent and is cit ...

of the

Sikh Empire The Sikh Empire was a state originating in the Indian subcontinent, formed under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who established an empire based in the Punjab. The empire existed from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahor ...

. * Sevadar — one who volunteers for seva *

Shaheed ''Shaheed'' ( , , ; pa, ਸ਼ਹੀਦ) denotes a martyr in Islam. The word is used frequently in the Quran in the generic sense of "witness" but only once in the sense of "martyr" (i.e. one who dies for his faith); ...

— title used before the name of a person who has died as a Sikh martyr. **

Saka Sirhind Chhotte Sahibzade (Punjabi: ਛੋਟੇ ਸਾਹਿਬਜ਼ਾਦੇ ; younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji) attained martyrdom on 26 December 1704 at a very young age of 7 & 5 only. This is known as Saka Sirhind (Punjabi: ਸਾਕਾ ਸਰ� ...

*

Sikh names Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism (Sikhi), a monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak. The term ...

**

Kaur Kaur ( pa, ਕੌਰ (Gurmukhi), pa, کور (Shahmukhi) en, crown prince) (sometimes spelled as ''Kour''), is a surname or a part of a personal name primarily used by the Sikh and Hindu women of Punjab region. "Kaur" is also sometimes trans ...

('princess') — the middle name or surname given to Sikh females **

Singh Singh (IPA: ) is a title, middle name or surname that means " lion" in various South Asian and Southeast Asian communities. Traditionally used by the Hindu Kshatriya community, it eventually became a common surname adopted by different comm ...

('lion') — the middle name or surname given to Sikh males *

Udasi Udasi (Gurmukhi: ਉਦਾਸੀ ਸੰਪਰਦਾ; ''udāsī saparadā'') is a religious sect of ascetic ''sadhus'' centred in northern India. Becoming custodians of Sikh shrines in the 18th century, they were notable interpreters and spreade ...

— a religious sect of ascetic ''

sadhus ''Sadhu'' ( sa, साधु, IAST: ' (male), ''sādhvī'' or ''sādhvīne'' (female)), also spelled ''saddhu'', is a religious ascetic, mendicant or any holy person in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism who has renounced the worldly life. The ...

'' who were key interpreters of the Sikh philosophy and the custodians of important Sikh shrines until the

Akali movement The Akali movement , also called the Gurdwara Reform Movement, was a campaign to bring reform in the gurdwaras (the Sikh places of worship) in India during the early 1920s. The movement led to the introduction of the Sikh Gurdwara Bill in 1925, w ...

. Modern-day udasis consider themselves more to be Hindu rather than Sikhs.

Sikh Gurus

*

Guru Nanak Dev Guru ( sa, गुरु, IAST: ''guru;'' Pali'': garu'') is a Sanskrit term for a "mentor, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field. In pan-Indian traditions, a guru is more than a teacher: traditionally, the guru is a reverentia ...

— According to the traditional historical Sikh sources Guru Nanak Dev appeared on earth in the month of Katak Oct/November 1469 which is celebrated every year in the month of October/November. The SGPC which was founded in 1925, states the avtar date as 15 April 1469. The Sikhs believe that all subsequent Gurus possessed Guru Nanak's divinity and the one spirit of Akaal Purakh Waheguru. *

Guru Angad Dev Guru Angad (31 March 1504 – 29 March 1552; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ, pronunciation: ) was the second of the ten Sikh gurus of Sikhism. After meeting Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, becoming a Sikh, and serving and working with ...

(1504–52) — disciple of Guru Nanak Dev and second of the ten Sikh Gurus. *

Guru Amar Das Guru Amar Das (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰ ਦਾਸ, pronunciation: ; 5 May 1479 – 1 September 1574), sometimes spelled as Guru Amardas, was the third of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism and became Sikh Guru on 26 March 1552 at age 73. Befor ...

(1479–1574) — third of the ten Sikh Gurus. *

Guru Ram Das Guru Ram Das (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮ ਦਾਸ, pronunciation: ; 24 September 1534 – 1 September 1581) was the fourth of the ten Ten Gurus of Sikhism, Gurus of Sikhism. He was born in a family based in Lahore. His birth n ...

( 1534–81) — fourth of the ten Sikh Gurus. *

Guru Arjan Dev Guru Arjan (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜਨ, pronunciation: ; 15 April 1563 – 30 May 1606) was the first of the two Gurus martyred in the Sikh faith and the fifth of the ten total Sikh Gurus. He compiled the first official edition of t ...

(1563–1605) — fifth of the ten Sikh Gurus. He was arrested and executed by

Jahangir Nur-ud-Din Muhammad Salim (30 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), known by his imperial name Jahangir (; ), was the fourth Mughal Emperor, who ruled from 1605 until he died in 1627. He was named after the Indian Sufi saint, Salim Chishti. Ear ...

in 1605. *

Guru Har Gobind Gurū Hargobind (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿਗੋਬਿੰਦ, pronunciation: l 19 June 1595 – 28 February 1644), revered as the ''sixth Nānak'', was the sixth of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion. He had become Guru at the young age of ...

(1596–1638) — son of Guru Arjan Dev and the sixth of the ten Sikh Gurus. *

Guru Har Rai Guru Har Rai (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ, pronunciation: ; 16 January 1630 – 6 October 1661) revered as the ''seventh Nanak'', was the seventh of ten Gurus of the Sikh religion.Guru Har Krishan Guru Har Krishan (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ, pronunciation: ; 7 July 1656 – 30 March 1664) was the eighth of the ten Sikh Gurus. At the age of five, he became the youngest Guru in Sikhism on 7 October 1661, ...

(1656–64) — son of Guru Har Rai and eighth of the ten Sikh Gurus. *

Guru Tegh Bahadur Guru Tegh Bahadur ( Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ (Gurmukhi); ; 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) was the ninth of ten Gurus who founded the Sikh religion and the leader of Sikhs from 1665 until his beheading in 1675 ...

(1621–75) — grand uncle of Guru Har Krishan and ninth of the ten Sikh Gurus. He was executed on the orders of Mughal Emperor

Aurangzeb Muhi al-Din Muhammad (; – 3 March 1707), commonly known as ( fa, , lit=Ornament of the Throne) and by his regnal title Alamgir ( fa, , translit=ʿĀlamgīr, lit=Conqueror of the World), was the sixth emperor of the Mughal Empire, ruling ...

in

Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...

. *

Guru Gobind Singh Guru Gobind Singh (; 22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708), born Gobind Das or Gobind Rai the tenth Sikh Guru, a spiritual master, warrior, poet and philosopher. When his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was executed by Aurangzeb, Guru Gobind Sing ...

(1666–1708) — son of Guru Tegh Bahadur and tenth of the ten Sikh Gurus. He named the holy scripture, as his successor *

Guru Granth Sahib The Guru Granth Sahib ( pa, ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, ) is the central holy religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded by Sikhs as the final, sovereign and Guru Maneyo Granth, eternal Guru following the lineage of the Sikh gur ...

— the spiritual religious text of

Sikhism Sikhism (), also known as Sikhi ( pa, ਸਿੱਖੀ ', , from pa, ਸਿੱਖ, lit=disciple', 'seeker', or 'learner, translit=Sikh, label=none),''Sikhism'' (commonly known as ''Sikhī'') originated from the word ''Sikh'', which comes fro ...

, said to be the sole and final successor of the line of gurus. It is the eternal living Guru. the final and eternal

guru Guru ( sa, गुरु, IAST: ''guru;'' Pali'': garu'') is a Sanskrit term for a "mentor, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field. In pan-Indian traditions, a guru is more than a teacher: traditionally, the guru is a reverentia ...

of the

Sikh Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism, Sikhism (Sikhi), a Monotheism, monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Gu ...

s.

Notable people

* Pre-1400 **

Jayadeva Jayadeva (; born ), also spelt Jaideva, was a Sanskrit poet during the 12th century. He is most known for his epic poem ''Gita Govinda'' which concentrates on Krishna's love with the '' gopi'', Radha, in a rite of spring. This poem, which presen ...

— a Sanskrit poet who is the earliest-dated author of two hymns in the Guru Granth Sahib. *1400–1499 **

Bhagat Beni Bhagat Beni ( pa, ਭਗਤ ਬੈਣੀ) is one of the fifteen saints and Sufis, whose teachings have been incorporated in the Guru Granth Sahib The Guru Granth Sahib ( pa, ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, ) is the central holy r ...

**

Bhai Mardana Bhai Mardana ( pa, ਭਾਈ ਮਰਦਾਨਾ; 6 February 1459 — 1534) was one of the first Sikhs and longtime companion of Guru Nanak Dev, first in the line of gurus noted in Sikhism. Bhai Mardana, a Muslim, accompanied Guru Nanak Dev on hi ...

— Guru Nanak's constant Muslim companion, musician, and composer of Sikh hymns. **

Bhai Lalo Bhai Lalo was born in 1452 at the village of Saidpur presently known as Eminabad in Pakistan. His father's name was Bhai Jagat Ram Ghataura (ਤਰਖਾਣ)of the Ghataura surname pertaining to the carpenter clan. Bhai Lalo was known for his na ...

** Bibi Nanki — Guru Nanak's sister and often considered his first disciple. **

Sri Chand Sri Chand (8 September 1494–13 January 1629, Gurmukhi: ਸ੍ਰੀ ਚੰਦ), also referred to as Baba Sri Chandra or Bhagwan Sri Chandra, was the founder of the Udasi sect of ascetic Sadhus. Early life He was the eldest son of Guru Na ...

— Guru Nanak's son and founder of an early Sikh sect. * 1500–1599 **

Baba Buddha Baba Buddha (Gurmukhi: ਬਾਬਾ ਬੁੱਢਾ; ''bābā buḍhā''; lit. meaning "wise old man") (6 October 1506 – 8 September 1631) was a prime figure in early Sikhism. He was born in 1506 in the village of Kathu Nangal, in Amritsar i ...

— one of the most revered Sikh saints and anointer of several of the early Sikh Gurus. **

Bhai Gurdas Bhai Gurdas ( pa, ਭਾਈ ਗੁਰਦਾਸ; 1551 – 25 August 1636) was a Sikh writer, historian and preacher who served as the Jathedar of the Akal Takht from 1606 to his death in 1636. He was the original scribe of the early version o ...

— one of the most revered Sikh saints and writer of the Vars. **

Bhai Bala Bhai Bala ( pa, ਭਾਈ ਬਾਲਾ 1466–1544), born in Talwandi Rai Bhoi into a Sandhu Jat family (now called Nankana Sahib in Pakistan),McLeod, W.H., Guru Nanak and the Sikh Religion. Oxford, 1968. was a childhood friend and lifelong co ...

**

Mian Mir Baba Sain Mir Mohammed Sahib (c. 1550 – 22 August 1635), popularly known as Mian Mir or Miyan Mir, was a famous Sindhi Sufi Muslim saint who resided in Lahore, specifically in the town of ''Dharampura'' (in present-day Pakistan). He was a di ...

* 1600–1699 **

Panj Pyare Panj Pyare ( pa, ਪੰਜ ਪਿਆਰੇ, ', the five beloved ones) is the collective name given to five men − Daya Singh, Dharam Singh, Himmat Singh, Mohkam Singh and Sahib Singh – by the tenth Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh during the hi ...

(or Panj Piare; literally 'five beloved ones') — the title given to five Sikhs by

Guru Gobind Singh Guru Gobind Singh (; 22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708), born Gobind Das or Gobind Rai the tenth Sikh Guru, a spiritual master, warrior, poet and philosopher. When his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was executed by Aurangzeb, Guru Gobind Sing ...

at the historic divan at

Anandpur Sahib Anandpur Sahib, sometimes referred to simply as Anandpur (lit. "city of bliss"), is a city in Rupnagar district (Ropar), on the edge of Shivalik Hills, in the Indian state of Punjab. Located near the Sutlej River, the city is one of the most ...

on 30 March 1699, forming the nucleus of the

Khalsa Khalsa ( pa, ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ, , ) refers to both a community that considers Sikhism as its faith,Kha ...

as the first batch to receive at his hands ''

Khanda di Pahul Amrit Sanchar (Gurmukhi: ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ ਸੰਸਕਾਰ "nectar ceremony"; also called Amrit Parchar, or Khande di Pahul ਖੰਡੇ ਦੀ ਪਾਹੁਲ) is one of the four Sikh Sanskaars. The Amrit Sanskar is the initiation rite ...

'' (i.e. rites of the two-edged sword). These five Sikhs were: ***

Bhai Daya Singh Daya Singh ( ; born Daya Ram; 1661–1708) was one of the Panj Pyare, the first five Sikhs to be initiated into the Khalsa order in 17th-century India. References * Santokh Singh, Bhai, Sn Gur Pratap Sura/` Granth. Amritsar, 1926–37 * ...

***

Bhai Dharam Singh Dharam Singh ( ; 1666–1708), born as Dharam Das, was one of the original Panj Pyare or the Five Beloved, the forerunners of the Khalsa. He was the son of Chaudhary Sant Ram and Mai Sabho of the village Hastinapur (modern-day Meerut Distric ...

***

Bhai Himmat Singh Bhai Himmat Singh (1661–1705) was one of the Panj Pyare, or the Five Beloved in Sikhism. He was born in 1661 at town Puri in modern-day Odisha, India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is t ...

***

Bhai Mohkam Singh Mohkam Singh ( ; 6 June 1663 – 7 December 1704 or 1705), born Mohkam Chand (his given name is also transliterated as Muhkam or Mohkhum), one of the Panj Pyare or the Five Beloved of honoured memory in the Sikh tradition, was the son of Tirath ...

***

Bhai Sahib Singh Sahib Singh ( ; 17 June 1663 – 7 December 1704 or 1705) was one of the Panj Pyare (or the Five beloved ones). He was formerly known as Sahib Chand and was born into the Nai caste (also transliterated as Naee) before being baptized into Khals ...

**

Moti Ram Mehra Baba Moti Ram Mehra ( fl. late 17th – early 18th century) was a devoted disciple and servant of the Guru Gobind Singh who, disregarding the risk to his own life, managed to enter the ''Thanda Burj'' in a very dramatic manner and serve milk to t ...

**

Bhai Mani Singh Bhai Mani Singh was an 18th-century Sikh scholar and martyr. He was a childhood companion of Guru Gobind Singh and took the vows of Sikhism when the Guru inaugurated the Khalsa in March 1699. Soon after that, the Guru sent him to Amritsar t ...

**

Pir Budhan Shah Pir Budhan Shah (died 1643), also called Baba Budhan Ali Shah, was a venerated Sufi pir who had religious discourse with Guru Nanak in Rawalpindi and later accepted Gurmat thought during times of Guru Har Gobind. His name is also romanised as ...

** Baba Bidhi Chand ** Bhai Kanhaiya ** Chhotte Sahibzade * 1700–1799 **

Banda Singh Bahadur Banda Singh Bahadur (born Lachman Dev) (27 October 1670 – 9 June 1716), was a Sikh warrior and a commander of Khalsa army. At age 15, he left home to become an ascetic, and was given the name Madho Das Bairagi. He established a monastery ...

** Baba Deep Singh ** Bhai Taru Singh ** Tara Singh Wan **

Jassa Singh Ahluwalia Sultan-ul-Qaum Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia (3 May 1718 – 23 October 1783) was a Sikh leader during the period of the Sikh Confederacy, being the Supreme Leader of the Dal Khalsa. He was also Misldar of the Ahluwalia Misl. This period ...

**

Jassa Singh Ramgarhia Jassa Singh Ramgarhia (1723–1803) was a prominent Sikh leader during the period of the Sikh Confederacy. He was the founder of the Ramgarhia Misl, Early life Jassa Singh Ramgarhia was born into a Sikh family with surname Bhambra in 172 ...

* 1800–1899 **

Akali Phula Singh Akali Phula Singh Nihang (born Nihang Singh; 1 January 1761 – 14 March 1823) was an Akali Nihang Sikh leader. He was a saint soldier of the Khalsa Shaheedan Misl and head of the Budha Dal in the early 19th century. He was also a senior ...

** Baba Nand Singh ji **

Maharajah Ranjit Singh Ranjit Singh (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839), popularly known as Sher-e-Punjab or "Lion of Punjab", was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire, which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century. He s ...

**

Nawab Kapur Singh Nawab Kapur Singh Virk (1697–1753) is considered one of the major figures in Sikh history, under whose leadership the Sikh community traversed one of the darkest periods of its history. He was the organizer of the Sikh Confederacy and the ...

** Baba Ram Singh **

Pundit Tara Singh Pandit Tara Singh Narotam (1822–1891) or also Pundit Tara Singh Nawtam was a famous Punjabi scholar who belonged to the Hindu-Sikh Nirmala Sect. Biography Pundit Tara Singh was born into a Sikh family who were originally Brahmins. At the a ...

* 1900–1999 **

Bhagat Puran Singh Bhagat Puran Singh (4 June 1904 – 5 August 1992) was an Indian writer, environmentalist, and philanthropist. As a young man he decided to dedicate his life to humanitarian work, and in 1947, he established Pingalwara, a home for the sick and ...

** G. B. Singh ** Baba Gurdit Singh **

Giani Gurdit Singh Giani Gurdit Singh (24 February 1923 – 17 January 2007) was born in Mithewal village ( Sangrur district) in the state of Punjab, India. He was considered one of the greatest contemporary writers in Punjabi, and his book ''Mera Pind'' is regard ...

**

H. S. Phoolka Harvinder Singh Phoolka, is a senior advocate of Delhi High Court, politician, human rights activist, and author. He served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Punjab Legislative Assembly. He is known for spearheading what is described as ...

**Sant Baba

Harnam Singh Raja Sir Harnam Singh Ahluwalia , KCIE (15 November 1851 – 20 May 1930) was a member of the Kapurthala royal family in the direct line founded by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. He was the first president of the All India Conference of Indian Christi ...

**

Ishar Singh Sardar Bahadur Ishar Singh VC, OBI (30 December 1895 – 2 December 1963) was a soldier in the British Indian Army and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British ...

**Bhai

Kahn Singh Nabha Kahn Singh Nabha (30 August 1861 – 24 November 1938) was a Punjabi Sikh scholar, writer, anthologist, lexicographer, and encyclopedist. His most influential work, Mahan Kosh, inspired generations of scholars after him. He also played a role in ...

**Bhai Randhir Singh **Giani Sant Singh Maskeen **Bhai Vir Singh

General concepts

*

Brahmavidya Brahmavidya is that branch of scriptural knowledge derived primarily through a study of the Upanishads, Brahma Sūtras and Bhagavad Gita. Derived from the sanskrit words brahma and vidyā, brahman is the neuter gender of the root word-form brih t ...

— knowledge of the Divine *

Vand Chhako ( pa, ਵੰਡ ਛਕੋ) is one of the three main pillars of the teachings of Guru Nanak, the founder of the Sikhism. The other two pillars are ''Naam Japo'' and '' Kirat Karo''. It means to share what you have and to consume it together as a ...

— charity (or ''daan''); one of the three petitions, alongside ''naam'' and ''ishnan''. *

Dasvand Dasvandh ( pa, ਦਸਵੰਧ, also transcribed as daswandh) is the one tenth part (or 10%) of one's income that one should donate, both financially and directly in the form of '' seva'', according to Sikh principles. It falls into Guru Nanak ...

— 10% of earnings donated to the less advantaged. *

Gurbani Gurbani ( pa, ਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ) is a Sikh term, very commonly used by Sikhs to refer to various compositions by the Sikh Gurus and other writers of Guru Granth Sahib. In general, hymns in the central text of the Sikhs, the Guru Granth Sahi ...

(abbreviated as ''bani'') — verses; applied to any of the collective writings of the Sikh Gurus that appear in the

Guru Granth Sahib The Guru Granth Sahib ( pa, ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ, ) is the central holy religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded by Sikhs as the final, sovereign and Guru Maneyo Granth, eternal Guru following the lineage of the Sikh gur ...

. *

Gurdwara A gurdwara (sometimes written as gurudwara) (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰਦੁਆਰਾ ''guradu'ārā'', meaning "Door to the Guru") is a place of assembly and worship for Sikhs. Sikhs also refer to gurdwaras as ''Gurdwara Sahib''. People from all faiths ...

(or gurudwara; literally 'God's door, God's place') — Sikh place of worship *

Ik Onkar , also spelled (Gurmukhi: or ; ); literally, "There is only one God or One creator or one Om-maker") is a phrase in Sikhism that denotes the one supreme reality. It is a central tenet of Sikh religious philosophy. are the first words of the M ...

(or Ek Onkar) — One formless, genderless universal Lord called Wahguru * Ishnan — , purification of body and mind; one of the three petitions, alongside ''naam'' and '' daan''. * Jaap — recite. * Kirat Karo — earning a living honestly, without exploitation or fraud * Laavaan * Naam — remembrance of the Divine name **

Naam Japo In Sikhism, Nām Japō ( Gurmukhi ਨਾਮ ਜਪੋ), also known as Naam Japna or Naam Simran, refers to the meditation or contemplation of the various Names of God (or qualities of God), especially the chanting of the word " Waheguru" ('Wo ...

—

meditation Meditation is a practice in which an individual uses a technique – such as mindfulness, or focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity – to train attention and awareness, and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally cal ...

on the name of God *

Takhat Takhat was an ancient Egyptian princess and queen of the 19th Dynasty, the mother of the usurper pharaoh Amenmesse. There are not many facts known about her other than that she was Amenmesse's mother. She bore the titles ''King's Daughter'' and ...

* Tankhah — social offense, such as giving dowry, using liquors and intoxicants, raising monuments over graves, and associating with apostates.

Pop culture

* '' Chaar Sahibzaade: Rise of Banda Singh Bahadur'' * '' Sarbloh Warriors'' — a computer game based around Sikh resistance against Mughal rule * '' Singh Is Kinng'' (2008)

References

External links

Sikh Philosophy Network
An Online Sikh Discussion Forum
Sikh-heritage.co.uk
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sikhism 1 Outlines of religions Wikipedia outlines

Scripture and literature

Scripture

Sikh literature

Associated terms

Philosophy and beliefs

Relation to other religions

Practices and culture

Sikh ceremonies

Sikh festivals

General Sikh culture

Sikh geography

Sikhism by country

Gurdwaras

In India

In the United States

Gurdwaras in Pakistan

Other gurdwaras

Other Sikh institutions

Sikh politics, military, and administration

Organizations

Military

Movements

History of Sikhism

Battles

People

Titles and labels

Sikh Gurus

Notable people

General concepts

Pop culture

See also

References

External links