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Martyrdom In Sikhism
Martyrdom is a fundamental institution of Sikhism. Sikh festivals are largely focused on the lives of the Sikh gurus and Sikh martyrs. Their martyrdoms are regarded as instructional ideals for Sikhs, and have greatly influenced Sikh culture and practices. The Fifth Guru, Guru Arjan Dev, is generally regarded as the first Sikh martyr. The term ''shahidi'' has been used by Sikhs since the 19th century to describe the act of martyrdom. A martyr is called a ''shahid (Punjabi: ਸ਼ਹੀਦ).'' Martyrdom Martyrdom is a fundamental institution of the Sikh faith. When one calls an individual a ''shahid'', this connotes more than its definition in Arabic vocabulary or Islamic faith, which is death in battle with the infidels. For the Sikh, the perfect martyr or ''shahid'' is one who died not just in battle but also one who suffered death by refusing to renounce his faith, tenets and principles. The Sikh experience through the years gave rise to this type of ideal martyrdom. Qazi Rukunu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martyr
A martyr (, ''mártys'', "witness", or , ''marturia'', stem , ''martyr-'') is someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce or advocate, a religious belief or other cause as demanded by an external party. In the martyrdom narrative of the remembering community, this refusal to comply with the presented demands results in the punishment or execution of an actor by an alleged oppressor. Accordingly, the status of the 'martyr' can be considered a posthumous title as a reward for those who are considered worthy of the concept of martyrdom by the living, regardless of any attempts by the deceased to control how they will be remembered in advance. Insofar, the martyr is a relational figure of a society's boundary work that is produced by collective memory. Originally applied only to those who suffered for their religious beliefs, the term has come to be used in connection with people killed for a political cause. Most martyrs are consid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khalsa
Khalsa ( pa, ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ, , ) refers to both a community that considers Sikhism as its faith,Khalsa: Sikhism Encyclopaedia Britannica as well as a special group of initiated Sikhs. The ''Khalsa'' tradition was initiated in 1699 by the Tenth of Sikhism, . Its formation was a key event in the . The founding of Khalsa is celeb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chali Mukte
The Battle of Sri Muktsar Sahib (Muktsar) or Battle of Khidrāne Dee Dhāb took place on 29 December 1705, (29 Poh) following the siege of Anandpur Sahib. In 1704, Anandpur Sahib was under an extended siege by the allied forces of the Mughals and the hill chiefs. During the siege 40 Sikhs, led by Maha Singh, wrote letters of ''bedava'' (abandonment of a Sikh from his Guru) to Guru Gobind Singh ji. They arrived in the village of Jhabal where a Sikh woman named Mai Bhago, upon hearing their tale of desertion, motivated them into returning to Guru ji at Anandpur Sahib. The 40 deserters with Mai Bhago returned to seek out Guru Gobind Singh ji, and joined him near ''Khidrāne Dee Dhāb'' preparing for battle against the Mughals. They fought the Mughals and died in the following battle. The guru, finding the dying Maha Singh on the battlefield after the battle, forgave him and his compatriots, tore up their letters of ''bedava'', and blessed them for their service. The place was l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moti Ram Mehra
Baba Moti Ram Mehra ( fl. late 17th – early 18th century) was a devoted disciple and servant of the Guru Gobind Singh who, disregarding the risk to his own life, managed to enter the ''Thanda Burj'' in a very dramatic manner and serve milk to the Mata Gujri and Baba Zorawar Singh and Baba Fateh Singh, the two younger Sahibzadas (sons) of Guru Gobind Singh for three nights, where they were kept under arrest by the Mughal Governor of Sirhind, Wazir Khan. Moti Ram was born into a Hindu family. His parents were Bholi and Hariya Ram. His uncle was Bhai Himmat Rai Ji, a member of 1st panj pyare . On December 27, 1704, the Sahibzadas were martyred and Mata Gujri also decided to leave for heavenly abode. He arranged sandal wood for their cremation. Someone told the Nawab that his servant had served those prisoners with milk and water. The Nawab ordered the arrest of Baba Moti Ram Mehra, his mother, wife, and son. He did not conceal his act and boldly told the Nawab that it was his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahibzada Fateh Singh
Sahib or Saheb (; ) is an Arabic title meaning 'companion'. It was historically used for the first caliph Abu Bakr in the Quran. The title is still applied to the caliph by Sunni Muslims. As a loanword, ''Sahib'' has passed into several languages, including Persian, Kurdish, Turkish, Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, Tajik, Crimean Tatar, Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, Pashto, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Rohingya and Somali. During medieval times, it was used as a term of address, either as an official title or an honorific. Now, in South and Central Asia, it's almost exclusively used to give respect to someone higher or lower. For example, drivers are commonly addressed as ''sahib'' in South Asia and so on. The honorific has largely been replaced with ''sir''. Some shorten ''sahib'' to saab. Derived non-ruling princes' titles Sahibzada ''Sahibzada'' is a princely style or title equivalent to, or referring to a young prince. This derivation using the Persian suffix ''-zada(h)'', liter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahibzada Zorawar Singh
Zorawar Singh (17 November 1696 – 5 or 6 December 1705, pa, ਸਾਹਿਬਜ਼ਾਦਾ ਜ਼ੋਰਾਵਰ ਸਿੰਘ), alternatively spelt as Jorawar Singh, was a son of Guru Gobind Singh who was executed in the court of Wazir Khan, the Mughal Governor of Sirhind. Background In 1699, the Hindu Rajahs of the Shiwalik Hills, frustrated with increasing Sikh ascendancy in the region, requested aid from Aurangzeb; their combined forces took on the Khalsa, led by Gobind Singh, at Anandapur but was defeated. Another faceoff followed in the neighboring Nirmoh but ended in Sikh victory; there was probably another conflict in Anandapur (c. 1702) to the same outcome. In 1704, the Rajahs mounted a renewed offensive against Singh in Anandapur but facing imminent defeat, requested aid from Aurangzeb. While the Mughal subahdars came to aid, they failed to change the course of the battle. Accordingly, the Rajahs decided to lay siege to the town than engage in open warfare. With th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahibzada Jujhar Singh
Jujhar Singh (Gurmukhi: ਸਾਹਿਬਜ਼ਾਦਾ ਜੁਝਾਰ ਸਿੰਘ; 9 April 1691 – 22 December 1704), the second son of Gobind Singh, was born to Mata Jito at Anandpur Sahib. This event is now celebrated on April 9 each year according to the Nanakshahi The Nanakshahi calendar (Punjabi: ਨਾਨਕਸ਼ਾਹੀ ਜੰਤਰੀ ) is a tropical solar calendar used in Sikhism. It is based on the "Barah Maha" (Twelve Months), a composition composed by the Sikh gurus reflecting the changes in nat ... Calendar. See also * Ajit Singh * Zorawar Singh * Fateh Singh Notes References * Kuir Singh Gurbilds Pdtshdhi 10. Patiala, 1968 * Chhibbar, Kesar Singh, Rnnsdvalindma Dasdn Pdlshdhldn Kd. Chandigarh, 1972 * Gian Singh, Giani, Panth Prakdsh. Patiala, 1970 * Padam, Piara Singh, Char Sdhihidde. Patiala, 1970 * Macauliffe, Max Arthur, The Sikh Religion. Oxford, 1909 External links {{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Jujhar Sikh martyrs Sikh warriors Family members ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahibzada Ajit Singh
Ajit Singh (Gurmukhi: ਅਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ; 11 February 1687 –23 December 1704), also referred to with honorifics as Sahibzada Ajit Singh or Baba Ajit Singh, was the eldest son of Guru Gobind Singh and the son of Mata Sundari. His younger brothers were Jujhar Singh, Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh. He was martyred in battle during the Second Battle of Chamkaur along with his brother Jujhar Singh. His other two brothers, Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh, nine and seven years old, respectively, were bricked alive at Fatehgarh Sahib on order of Wazir Khan, governor of Sirhind-Fategarh. Early life Ajit Singh was born to Mata Sundari and Guru Gobind Singh at Paonta Sahib on 11 February 1687. He was brought up in Anandpur, where his education included religious texts, history, and philosophy. He received training from Jeevan Singh (Bhai Jaita) in riding and the martial arts of swordsmanship and archery. The Ranghars of Nuh He was given his first military assignment when bare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhai Sati Das
Bhai Sati Das ( Punjabi: ਭਾਈ ਸਤੀ ਦਾਸ; died 1675) along with his elder brother Bhai Mati Das were martyrs of early Sikh history. Bhai Sati Das, Bhai Mati Das and Bhai Dyal Das were all executed at ''kotwali'' (police-station) in the Chandni Chowk area of Delhi, under the express orders of emperor Aurangzeb just prior to the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Bhai Sati Das was executed by the means of being wrapped in cotton wool soaked in oil and set on fire. Biography Birth Bhai Sati Das born to family of Saraswat Mohyal Brahmin Of Chhibber Clan. He belonged to the ancient village of Karyala, about ten kilometres from Chakwal on the road to the ''Katas Raj'' Temple Complex, in the Jhelum District in Punjab (Pakistan). Bhai Mati Das was his older brother and Bhai Sati Das was the son of Hira Nand, a disciple of Guru Har Gobind, under whom he had fought in many battles. Hira Nand was the grandson of Lakhi Das, the son of the Bhai Pairagh. Service of Guru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashmiri Hindus
Kashmiri Hindus are ethnic Kashmiris who practice Hinduism and are native to the Kashmir Valley of India. With respect to their contributions to Indian philosophy, Kashmiri Hindus developed the tradition of Kashmiri Shaivism. After their exodus from the Kashmir Valley in the wake of the Kashmir insurgency in the 1990s, most Kashmiri Hindus are now settled in the Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir and other parts of the country. The largest group of Kashmiri Hindus are the Kashmiri Pandits. History Ancient During the reign of Ashoka (304–232 BCE), Kashmir became a part of the Maurya Empire and Buddhism was introduced in Kashmir. During this period, many stupas, some shrines dedicated to Shiva, and the city of Srinagari (Srinagar) were built. Kanishka (127–151 CE), an emperor of the Kushan Empire, conquered Kashmir and established the new city of Kanishkapur. Medieval The Karkota dynasty (625–855 CE) ruled over the Kashmir and parts of northern Indian subcontinent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhai Mati Das
Bhai Mati Das ( Punjabi: ਭਾਈ ਮਤੀ ਦਾਸ; died 1675) along with his younger brother Bhai Sati Das were martyrs of early Sikh history. Bhai Mati Das, Bhai Dayala, and Bhai Sati Das were executed at a ''kotwali'' (police-station) in the Chandni Chowk area of Delhi, under the express orders of Emperor Aurangzeb just before the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Bhai Mati Das was executed by being bound between two pillars and cut in two. Biography Birth Bhai Mati Das belonged to a ( Saraswat) Mohyal Brahmin family of the Chhibber clan. He lived in the ancient village of Karyala, about ten kilometres from Chakwal on the road to the Katas Raj Temples in the Jhelum District in the Punjab region of Pakistan. Bhai Sati Das was his younger brother. Bhai Mati Das was the son of Hira Nand, a disciple of Guru Har Gobind, under whom he had fought in many battles and was a great warrior. Hira Nand was the grandson of Lakhi Das, the son of the Bhai Praga, who was also a martyr a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhai Dayala
Bhai Dayala Ji ( pa, ਭਾਈ ਦਿਆਲਾ ਜੀ, hi, भाई दयाला जी) died 9 November 1675, also known as ''Bhai Dayal Das'' He was boiled alongside his Sikh companions Bhai Mati Das and Bhai Sati Das and the Ninth Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur. Early life Dayal Das was born in a Brahmin family. Bhai Dayala was one of the twenty five or so Sikhs, alongside Mata Sulakhni (Mata Kishan), that accompanied Guru Har Krishan when he left Kiratpur to visit King Aurangzeb in Delhi in 1604. Service of Guru Tegh Bahadur Bhai Dayala was one of the Guru's most dearest and closest companions. Bhai Dayala was the chief of the ''sangat'' (holy congregation) at Patna Sahib and enlisted incharge of all the masands in the east, and when the Guru's son Gobind Rai (Gobind Singh) was born it was him who sent Guru Tegh Bahadur a letter, who was at Dacca, informing him of his son's birth. Bhai Dayala helped take care of the Guru's son with the help of Bhai Kirpal and was with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
