Orenburg (russian: Оренбу́рг, ), formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of
Orenburg Oblast
Orenburg Oblast (russian: Оренбургская область, ''Orenburgskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. From 1938 to 1957, it bore the name ''Chkalov Oblast'' () ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
. It lies on the
Ural River
The Ural (russian: Урал, ), known before 1775 as Yaik (russian: Яик, ba, Яйыҡ, translit=Yayıq, ; kk, Жайық, translit=Jaiyq, ), is a river flowing through Russia and Kazakhstan in the continental border between Europe and Asia ...
, southeast of
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
. Orenburg is also very close to the
border
Borders are usually defined as geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Political borders c ...
with
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
. Population:
Name
Several historians have tried to explain the origins of the city's name. It was traditionally accepted that the word "orenburg" means a fortress on the
River Or. In all probability, the word combination "orenburg" was proposed by , the founder of the city. In 1734, in accordance with his project, a package of governmental documents was worked out. This was the starting point for Orenburg as a fortress city near the meeting of the
Or and Ural rivers.
On 7 June 1734, "A Privilege for Orenburg" (tsar's edict) was ordered by
Empress Anna Ioannovna. While the construction site of the main fortress changed many times (down the River Ural), the name "Orenburg" has not changed since its founding in 1743. Between 1938 and 1957, the city was referred to as Chkalov, named after the famous Soviet pilot
Valery Chkalov
Valery Pavlovich Chkalov ( rus, Валерий Павлович Чкалов, p=vɐˈlʲerʲɪj ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ ˈtɕkaləf; – 15 December 1938) was a test pilot awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union (1936).
Early life
Chkalov was bo ...
, although he was not born in and never lived in Orenburg, and never visited Orenburg. In 1954, Chkalov's five-meter bronze sculpture was erected on the occasion of his 50th birth anniversary; this was installed on a seven-meter pedestal on the Boulevard (the riverside promenade of the city, commonly named "Belovka").
Orenburg was unofficially called ''the Asian capital'' of Russia.
History
In 1734, the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
began expanding its control and influence in Asia starting from the construction of the fortress city called "Orenburg" on its eastern border (in
Southern Ural
Southern Ural - the south, the widest part of the Ural Mountains, stretches from the river Ufa (near the village of Lower Ufaley) to the Ural River. From the west and east the Southern Ural is limited to the East European, West Siberian Plain and ...
). For this purpose, a settlement was founded here in 1735—at the place where the Or and the Ural rivers join. The initial site was chosen for settlement during the expedition of I.K. Kirilov, who initiated developmental activities in the region. He argued that the city was necessary "...for opening up transit routes to
Bukhara
Bukhara (Uzbek language, Uzbek: /, ; tg, Бухоро, ) is the List of cities in Uzbekistan, seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan, with a population of 280,187 , and the capital of Bukhara Region.
People have inhabited the region around Bukhara ...
,
Badakhshan
Badakhshan is a historical region comprising parts of modern-day north-eastern Afghanistan, eastern Tajikistan, and Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in China. Badakhshan Province is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. Much of historic Ba ...
,
Bulk
Bulk can refer to:
Industry
* Bulk cargo
* Bulk liquids
* Bulk mail
* Bulk material handling
* Bulk pack, packaged bulk materials/products
* Bulk purchasing
*
Baking
* Bulk fermentation, the period after mixing when dough is left alone to ferm ...
, and to
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
", making it possible to receive "wealth from there—gold, lapis lazuli, and garnet." After his death, a new administrator of the Orenburg expedition,
Vasily Tatishchev
Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev (russian: Васи́лий Ники́тич Тати́щев) (19 April 1686 – 15 July 1750) was a prominent Russian Imperial statesman, historian, philosopher, and ethnographer, best remembered as the author of the f ...
, was appointed. He did not consider this place to be convenient for construction of the city, because it was constantly flooded by the spring high waters. This encouraged to launch in 1739 preparations for building a new town with the old name downstream the river Ural (Yaik) on the mountain Krasnaya (Red). The old settlement was named the Orsk fortress (now the city of
Orsk
Orsk (russian: Орск) is the second largest city in Orenburg Oblast, Russia, located on the steppe about southeast of the southern tip of the Ural Mountains. The city straddles the Ural River. Population: It lies adjacent to the Kazakhstan– ...
).
On 6 August 1741, the new town was founded. However, its construction did not start. The location on the Krasnaya mountain—treeless, rocky and remote from the river—was also inappropriate for building the town. A new administrator of the Orenburg expedition,
Ivan Neplyuyev
Ivan Ivanovich Neplyuyev (russian: Ива́н Ива́нович Неплю́ев; 15 November 1693 – 22 November 1773) was a Russian diplomat and administrator prominent in the service of Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. His memoirs we ...
, was appointed. On 19 (30) April 1743, Orenburg was founded for a third time, on the compound that was once the
Berda fortress, from the Krasnogorsk mountain area. In the summer of 1742, Neplyuev personally chose a new place surrounded by forests and crop fields, where the Yaik and the Sakmara rivers meet. Now it is the historical centre of the city. The city built upon the mountain Krasnaya was named Krasnogorsk. Orenburg, therefore, was successfully established by Ivan Neplyuyev at its present location approximately west down the Ural from Orsk, in 1743. This third Orenburg functioned as an important military outpost on the border with the nomadic
Kazakhs
The Kazakhs (also spelled Qazaqs; Kazakh: , , , , , ; the English name is transliterated from Russian; russian: казахи) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group native to northern parts of Central Asia, chiefly Kazakhstan, but also parts o ...
. It became the centre of the
Orenburg Cossacks
The Orenburg Cossack Host (russian: Оренбургское казачье войско) was a part of the Cossack population in pre-revolutionary Russia, located in the Orenburg province (today's Orenburg Oblast, part of the Chelyabinsk Obl ...
.
Orenburg played a major role in
Pugachev's Rebellion
Pugachev's Rebellion (, ''Vosstaniye Pugachyova''; also called the Peasants' War 1773–1775 or Cossack Rebellion) of 1773–1775 was the principal revolt in a series of popular rebellions that took place in the Russian Empire after Catherine ...
(1773–1774), the largest peasant revolt in Russian history. At the time, it was the capital of a vast district and the seat of the governor. Yemelyan Pugachev besieged the city and its fortress from nearby
Berda from October 1773 to March 26, 1774. The defense was organized by Governor of Orenburg lieutenant-general
Reinsdorf.
General
Golytsin defeated Pugachev at Berda, and later again at
Kargala
''Karkala'' also known as Karla in Tulu language, is a town and the headquarters of Karkala taluk in the Udupi district of Karnataka, India. Located about 60 km from Mangalore in the Tulu Nadu region of the state,it lies near the foothill ...
(north of Orenburg). Most of the city was left in ruins, and thousands of inhabitants had died in the siege. Government forces crushed revolt towards the end of 1774 by General
Michelsohn at
Tsaritsyn
Volgograd ( rus, Волгогра́д, a=ru-Volgograd.ogg, p=vəɫɡɐˈɡrat), formerly Tsaritsyn (russian: Цари́цын, Tsarítsyn, label=none; ) (1589–1925), and Stalingrad (russian: Сталингра́д, Stalingrád, label=none; ) ...
. Further reprisals against rebel areas were carried out by General
Peter Panin.
Alexander Pushkin
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (; rus, links=no, Александр Сергеевич ПушкинIn pre-Revolutionary script, his name was written ., r=Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin, p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ ˈpuʂkʲɪn, ...
visited Orenburg in 1833 during a research trip for his books ''
The History of Pugachev
Yemelyan Ivanovich Pugachev (russian: Емельян Иванович Пугачёв; c. 1742) was an ataman of the Ural Cossacks, Yaik Cossacks who led a great Pugachev's Rebellion, popular insurrection during the reign of Catherine the Great ...
'' and his famous novel ''
The Captain's Daughter
''The Captain's Daughter'' (russian: «Капитанская дочка», Kapitanskaya dochka) is a historical novel by the Russian writer Alexander Pushkin. It was first published in 1836 in the fourth issue of the literary journal ''Sovremen ...
''. He met his friend
Vladimir Dal
Vladimir Ivanovich Dal ( rus, Влади́мир Ива́нович Даль, p=vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ɨˈvanəvʲɪdʑ ˈdalʲ; November 22, 1801 – October 4, 1872) was a noted Russian-language lexicographer, polyglot, Turkologist, and founding me ...
here, who would later write the first serious dictionary of the Russian language.
Orenburg was the base for General
Perovsky's expeditions against the
Khanate of Khiva
The Khanate of Khiva ( chg, ''Khivâ Khânligi'', fa, ''Khânât-e Khiveh'', uz, Xiva xonligi, tk, Hywa hanlygy) was a Central Asian polity that existed in the historical region of Khwarezm in Central Asia from 1511 to 1920, except fo ...
in the 1830s through 1850s. After the incorporation of
Central Asia
Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...
into the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
, Orenburg became a trading station and, since the completion of the
Trans-Aral Railway
The broad gauge Trans-Aral Railway (also known as the Tashkent Railway) was built in 1906 connecting Kinel and Tashkent, then both in the Russian Empire. For the first part of the 20th century it was the only railway connection between European R ...
, a prominent
railway junction
A junction, in the context of rail transport, is a place at which two or more rail routes converge or diverge. This implies a physical connection between the tracks of the two routes (assuming they are of the same gauge), provided by ''points'' ( ...
en route to the
new Central Asian possessions and to
Siberia
Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part of ...
.
Orenburg functioned as the capital of the
Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (in present-day
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
) within Russia from 1920–1925. When that republic was renamed
Kazak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (russian: Казахская Автономная Социалистическая Советская Республика; kk, Qazaq Aptonom Sotsijalistik Sovettik Respublikasь), abbreviated as K ...
in 1925, Orenburg joined Russia and
Kyzylorda
Kyzylorda ( kk, Қызылорда, translit=Qyzylorda, ), formerly known as Kzyl-Orda (russian: Кзыл-Орда), Ak-Mechet (Ак-Мечеть), Perovsk (Перовск), and Fort-Perovsky (Форт-Перовский), is a city in south-cen ...
became the new capital.
Almaty
Almaty (; kk, Алматы; ), formerly known as Alma-Ata ( kk, Алма-Ата), is the List of most populous cities in Kazakhstan, largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of about 2 million. It was the capital of Kazakhstan from 1929 to ...
became the capital in 1929 after the construction of the
Turkestan–Siberia Railway
The Turkestan–Siberian Railway (commonly abbreviated as the ''Turk–Sib'', kk, Түрксіб, translit=Türksib, , ; russian: Турксиб, translit=Turksib) is a broad gauge railway that connects Central Asia with Siberia. It starts nort ...
. Kazak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was promoted to union republic status as the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
Kazakh SSR
; kk, Қазақ Советтік Социалистік Республикасы)
*1991: Republic of Kazakhstan (russian: Республика Казахстан; kk, Қазақстан Республикасы)
, linking_name = the ...
in 1936. Orenburg remained in Russia. From 1938 to 1957, the city bore the name Chkalov () (after the prominent test pilot
Valery Chkalov
Valery Pavlovich Chkalov ( rus, Валерий Павлович Чкалов, p=vɐˈlʲerʲɪj ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ ˈtɕkaləf; – 15 December 1938) was a test pilot awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union (1936).
Early life
Chkalov was bo ...
). The city's distance from the German invasion during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
led many Soviet enterprises to flee there, helping to spur the city's economic growth.
Administrative and municipal status
Orenburg is the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of the
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of ...
[Law #1370/276-IV-OZ] and, within the
framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative centre of
Orenburgsky District
Orenburgsky District (russian: Оренбу́ргский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #1370/276-IV-OZ and municipalLaw #2367/495-IV-OZ district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of th ...
,
even though it is not a part of it.
As an administrative division, it is, together with ten
rural localities, incorporated separately as the
City
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
of Orenburg
—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
. As a
municipal division, the City of Orenburg is incorporated as Orenburg Urban Okrug.
[Law #2367/495-IV-OZ]
Geography
The city is in the basin of the middle branch of the
River Ural, near its confluence with the
River Sakmara. The highest point of the city is .
Economy
Orenburg is home to several large companies or their subsidiaries: ''Orenburggazprom'', the subsidiary of
Gazprom
PJSC Gazprom ( rus, Газпром, , ɡɐzˈprom) is a Russian majority state-owned multinational energy corporation headquartered in the Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg. As of 2019, with sales over $120 billion, it was ranked as the larges ...
; ''Orenburgneft'', the subsidiary of
TNK-BP
TNK-BP (Tyumenskaya Neftyanaya Kompaniya, Tyumen Oil Company) was a major vertically integrated Russian oil company headquartered in Moscow. It was Russia's third-largest oil producer and among the ten largest private oil companies in the world. ...
oil company; ''Orenburgenergy'', one of the biggest energy generating companies in Russia.
Transportation
Orenburg has been a major railway centre ever since the Samara-Zlatoust and
Orenburg-Tashkent railroads were completed, respectively in 1876 and 1905. Orenburg's main airport is the
Orenburg Tsentralny Airport
: ''Tsentraly may also refer to airports in Spilve Airport, Riga, Khodynka Aerodrome, Moscow, Omsk Tsentralny Airport, Omsk, or Saratov Tsentralny Airport, Saratov.''
Orenburg Airport (russian: Аэропорт Оренбург) is a civil air ...
,
located about east of the city, on the Orsk destination, and used to be the headquarters of now defunct
Orenair
Orenburg Airlines or JSC Orenair (russian: Оренбургские авиалинии) was a Russian airline with its head office on the property of Orenburg Tsentralny Airport in Orenburg. It operated domestic passenger services and inclusive t ...
.
City public transport includes bus, trolleybus and also ''marshrutkas'' (fixed-route cabs).
Climate
Orenburg has a relatively dry
humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
(
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
''Dfa'') with quite long and hot summers and long and cold winters. April and October are transition months, with the rest of the months being either summer or winter.
AFRE Orenburg.jpg, Map of Orenburg in 1828
Казанский собор Оренбург.jpg, Our Lady of Kazan Cathedral was destroyed in the 1930s
VMZ trolleybus in Orenburg centre (15437607256).jpg, VMZ Avantgarde low-floor trolleybus
Education and culture
Orenburg is a regional centre of education and has a number of cultural institutions and museums.
Education
![Orenburg State University](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Orenburg_State_University.jpg)
*
Orenburg State University
Orenburg State University (russian: Оренбургский государственный университет, ''Orenburgskiy gosudárstvennyy universitét''), previously known as Orenburg Polytechnic Institute (russian: Оренбургс ...
. The university was founded in 1955 as a branch of Kuibyshev Polytechnic Institute.In 1971, it converted into Orenburg Polytechnic Institute. In 1994, it became Orenburg State Technical University. In 1996, converted into Orenburg State University.In 2014, Orenburg State Institute of Management integrated with Orenburg State University.
*
Orenburg State Medical Academy
Orenburg (russian: Оренбу́рг, ), formerly known as Chkalov (1938–1957), is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies on the Ural River, southeast of Moscow. Orenburg is also very close to the border with Kazakhsta ...
. Established in 1944 as Chkalov State Medical Institute. It was renamed to Orenburg State Medical Institute in 1957 (at that time Orenburg city regained its original name after being named Chkalov from 1937 till 1957). It gained the status of academy in 1994. Currently there are eight
faculties: Medicine, Pediatric, Stomatology (Dentistry), Pharmacy, Clinical Psychology, Nursing, Public Health (Медико-профилактический), and Continuing Education.
*
Orenburg State Agrarian University. Established in 1930 as Orenburg Agricultural Institute. It was transformed to Orenburg State Agricultural Academy in 1992. Since 1995 named as Orenburg State Agrarian University. There are 8 faculties and four institutes.
*
Orenburg State Pedagogical University
Orenburg State Pedagogical University (OSPU; russian: Оренбургский государственный педагогический университет; ОГПУ, ''Orenburgskiy gosudarstvennyy pedagogicheskiy universitet''; ''OGPU'') ...
. Established in 1919 as Institute of Public Education. Renamed to Pedagogical Institute in 1930. Transformed to Pedagogical University in 1996. There are 10 faculties and four research institutes.
* Orenburg Branch of
Kutafin Moscow State Law University
Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL) (russian: Московский государственный юридический университет имени О. Е. Кутафина) is a Mixed-sex education, coeducational and public unive ...
* Orenburg Branch of
Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas
The Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (russian: Российский государственный университет нефти и газа имени И. М. Губкина) is a public university in Moscow, Russia. The univer ...
*
Physics and Mathematics Lyceum
Museums
*Orenburg Regional Museum of History and Natural Science
*
Orenburg Regional Museum of Fine Arts
Orenburg Regional Museum of Fine Arts (russian: Оренбургский областной музей изобразительных искусств) is an art museum located in Orenburg, Russia. It was opened to the public in 1961. The gallery ...
*Museum of Orenburg History
*Memorial Apartment of Yuri and Valentina Gagarin
*Memorial Apartment of Leopold and Mstislav Rostropovich
*Memorial Apartment of T.G. Shevchenko
*Orenburg City Memorial House
Theatres
*Orenburg Maxim Gorky State Drama Theater
*Orenburg State Regional Music Theater
*Orenburg State Tatar Drama Theater
*Orenburg State Regional Puppet Theater
*Orenburg Municipal Puppet Theater "Pierrot"
*Orenburg Municipal Chamber Choir
*Orenburg State Academic Russian Folk Choir
Tourism
![Pedestrian bridge in Orenburg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Pedestrian_bridge_in_Orenburg.jpg)
Mountain and river tourism are developed in the region. There are a number of fast mountain rivers and rocks in pleated spurs of the southern edge of the Urals range, popular with tourists.
The city is known for its location between Europe and Asia. The
Ural River
The Ural (russian: Урал, ), known before 1775 as Yaik (russian: Яик, ba, Яйыҡ, translit=Yayıq, ; kk, Жайық, translit=Jaiyq, ), is a river flowing through Russia and Kazakhstan in the continental border between Europe and Asia ...
marks the border of
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...
and
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
, and there is a bridge which connects the two sides.
The city is famous for its down
Orenburg shawl
The Orenburg shawl is a Russian knitted lace textile using goat down and stands as one of the classic symbols of Russian handicraft, along with Tula samovars, the Matrioshka doll, Khokhloma painting, Gzhel ceramics, the Palekh miniature, Vo ...
s. The thinnest lacy design, knitted by hand shawls and cobweb-like kerchiefs (pautinkas), is not only warm, but also is used for decorative purposes.
Architecture
*''See also''
Arkhitektura
A famous boulevard on the embankment of the
Ural River
The Ural (russian: Урал, ), known before 1775 as Yaik (russian: Яик, ba, Яйыҡ, translit=Yayıq, ; kk, Жайық, translit=Jaiyq, ), is a river flowing through Russia and Kazakhstan in the continental border between Europe and Asia ...
is one of the most notable places in Orenburg. Orenburg TV Tower is a guyed mast of unusual design. It is a tall mast equipped with six crossbars running from the mast structure to the guys.
Sports
*
FC Orenburg
FC Orenburg (russian: ФК «Оренбург») is a Russian professionalism in association football, professional football club from Orenburg, founded in 1976. It will return to the Russian Premier League for the 2022–23 season.
History
It ...
, the local football team founded in 1970, reached the Russian Premier League for the first time during the
2016-17 season.
*
Lokomotiv has played in the highest division of the
Russian Bandy League
The Russian Bandy Super League (russian: Чемпионат России по хоккею с мячом — Суперлига), is a men's professional bandy league in Russia, the top division of Russian bandy.
There is no definite rule which ...
. Now they play in the second highest division,
Russian Bandy Supreme League
Russian Bandy Supreme League (russian: Первенство России среди команд Высшей лиги) is the second tier of Russian bandy, below Russian Bandy Super League. In the 2016–17 season, 23 teams competed in three gro ...
. Their home arena has a capacity of 5000.
*
Nadezhda Orenburg
PBK Nadezhda Orenburg (russian: ПБК «Надежда») is a Russian women's basketball club from Orenburg founded in 1994.
Nadezhda has been 3rd in the Russian Premier League in 2010 and 2011, and reached the Russian Cup's final from 2011 ...
is a women's basketball club competing in the
Russian Women's Basketball Premier League
The Russian Women's Basketball Premier League is the premier women's basketball competition in Russia. The category consists of 11 teams playing a total of 20 rounds. At the end of the regular season the top eight teams play the play-offs througho ...
and playing in the
Orenburzhe Sports Hall.
*Fakel Gazproma is a
table tennis
Table tennis, also known as ping-pong and whiff-whaff, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball, also known as the ping-pong ball, back and forth across a table using small solid rackets. It takes place on a hard table div ...
club with, among other players, the three time
European champion Uładzimir Samsonaŭ.
National events
In October 2015, the Russian
Rink Bandy
Rink bandy is a variant of the larger sport of bandy. Unlike bandy which is played on a large bandy field, rink bandy is played on significantly smaller ice hockey sized ice rinks.
While a bandy field is about the same size as a football pitch, ...
Cup was to be organised.
Honors
The
asteroid
An asteroid is a minor planet of the inner Solar System. Sizes and shapes of asteroids vary significantly, ranging from 1-meter rocks to a dwarf planet almost 1000 km in diameter; they are rocky, metallic or icy bodies with no atmosphere.
...
27709 Orenburg 77 may refer to:
* 77 (number)
* one of the years 77 BC, AD 77, 1977, 2077
Music
* 77 (band), a Spanish hard rock band
* ''77'' (Matt Kennon album)
* '' Talking Heads: 77'', debut album by Talking Heads
* ''77'' (Nude Beach album), an album by t ...
was named after the city on June 1, 2007.
Notable people
*
Ivan Krylov
Ivan Andreyevich Krylov (russian: Ива́н Андре́евич Крыло́в; 13 February 1769 – 21 November 1844) is Russia's best-known fabulist and probably the most epigrammatic of all Russian authors. Formerly a dramatist and journalis ...
(1769–1844), writer
*
Vasily Alekseevich Perovsky
Count Vasily Alekseevich Perovsky (1794–1857) was an Russian Empire, Imperial Russian general and statesman.
The illegitimate son of Count , who became Russia's Ministry of National Education (Russian Empire), Minister of National Education, P ...
(1794—1857), statesman
*
Vladimir Dal
Vladimir Ivanovich Dal ( rus, Влади́мир Ива́нович Даль, p=vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr ɨˈvanəvʲɪdʑ ˈdalʲ; November 22, 1801 – October 4, 1872) was a noted Russian-language lexicographer, polyglot, Turkologist, and founding me ...
(1801–1872), lexicographer
*
Yevgraf Fyodorov
Evgraf Stepanovich Fedorov (russian: Евгра́ф Степа́нович Фёдоров, – 21 May 1919) was a Russian mathematician, crystallographer and mineralogist.
Fedorov was born in the Russian city of Orenburg. His father was a topo ...
(1853–1919), mathematician, crystallographer, and mineralogist
*
Paul Nazaroff
Paul Nazaroff (Pavel Stepanovich Nazarov; Russian: Па́вел Степа́нович Наза́ров; died 1942) was a Russian geologist and writer who was caught up in the Russian Revolution, and became the leader of a plot to overthrow Bolshe ...
(1890–1942), geologist and writer
*
Joseph Kessel
Joseph Kessel (10 February 1898 – 23 July 1979), also known as "Jef", was a French journalist and novelist. He was a member of the Académie française and Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour.
Biography
Kessel was born to a Argentine Jews, Je ...
(1898–1979), journalist and novelist
*
Georgy Malenkov
Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov ( – 14 January 1988) was a Soviet politician who briefly succeeded Joseph Stalin as the leader of the Soviet Union. However, at the insistence of the rest of the Presidium, he relinquished control over the par ...
(1901–1988),
Communist Party
A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism. The term ''communist party'' was popularized by the title of ''The Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A ...
leader
*
Musa Cälil
Musa Cälil ( tt-Cyrl, Муса Җәлил, translit=Musa Çəlil, ; russian: Муса Джалиль; 25 August 1944) was a Soviet–Tatar poet and resistance fighter. He is the only poet of the Soviet Union awarded simultaneously the Hero of t ...
(1906–1944), poet
*
Alexander Schmorell
Alexander Schmorell (; russian: Александр Гугович Шморель, translit=Aleksandr Gugovich Shmorel', ; 16 September 1917 – 13 July 1943) was a Russian-German student at Munich University who, with five others, formed a resist ...
(1917–1943), a member of the anti-Nazi group
White Rose
The White Rose (german: Weiße Rose, ) was a Nonviolence, non-violent, intellectual German resistance to Nazism, resistance group in Nazi Germany which was led by five students (and one professor) at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, ...
*
Aleksander Burba
Aleksander Adolfovich Burba ( rus, Алекса́ндр Адо́льфович Бу́рба, p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ɐˈdolʲfəvʲɪdʑ ˈburbə, a=Ru-Aleksander Adolfovich Burba.ogg; 6 August 1918 – 5 October 1984) was a Soviet organizer of i ...
(1918–1984), industry leader and educator
*
Mstislav Rostropovich
Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich, (27 March 192727 April 2007) was a Russian cellist and conductor. He is considered by many to be the greatest cellist of the 20th century. In addition to his interpretations and technique, he was wel ...
(1927–2007), cellist
*
Yuri Gagarin
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin; Gagarin's first name is sometimes transliterated as ''Yuriy'', ''Youri'', or ''Yury''. (9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who became the first human to journey into outer space. Tr ...
(1934–1968), cosmonaut
*
Denis Istomin
Denis Olegovich Istomin (born 7 September 1986) is an Uzbek professional tennis player. He has won two singles titles (at the 2015 Aegon Open Nottingham and 2017 Chengdu Open) and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 33 in Au ...
(born 1986), tennis player
*
Alexander Alexandrovich Prokhorenko
Alexander Alexandrovich Prokhorenko ( rus, Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Прохоре́нко; 22 June 1990 – 17 March 2016) was a Senior lieutenant with the Special Operations Forces (Russia), Special Operations Forces ...
(1990-2016), a Senior lieutenant with the
Special Operations Forces
Special forces and special operations forces (SOF) are military units trained to conduct special operations. NATO has defined special operations as "military activities conducted by specially designated, organized, selected, trained and equip ...
of the Russian Armed Forces. He was killed during the Palmyra offensive of the Syrian Civil War. Prokhorenko was identifying targets for Russian airstrikes when he was surrounded by ISIS fighters near Palmyra and ordered an airstrike on his own location
Twin towns – sister cities
Orenburg is
twinned with:
*
Aktobe
Aktobe ( kz, Ақтөбе, Aqtöbe; russian: Актобе, Aktobe) is a city on the Ilek River in Kazakhstan. It is the administrative center of Aktobe Region. In 2020, it had a population of 500,757 people.
Aktobe is located in the west of K ...
, Kazakhstan
*
Khujand
Khujand ( tg, Хуҷанд, Khujand; Uzbek: Хўжанд, romanized: Хo'jand; fa, خجند, Khojand), sometimes spelled Khodjent and known as Leninabad (russian: Ленинабад, Leninabad; tg, Ленинобод, Leninobod; fa, لن ...
, Tajikistan
*
Oral
The word oral may refer to:
Relating to the mouth
* Relating to the mouth, the first portion of the alimentary canal that primarily receives food and liquid
**Oral administration of medicines
** Oral examination (also known as an oral exam or oral ...
, Kazakhstan
*
Orlando
Orlando () is a city in the U.S. state of Florida and is the county seat of Orange County. In Central Florida, it is the center of the Orlando metropolitan area, which had a population of 2,509,831, according to U.S. Census Bureau figures rele ...
, United States
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
External links
*
Official website of OrenburgOrenburg State Institute of ManagementPhotos of Orenburg
{{Use mdy dates, date=November 2012
Orenburgsky Uyezd
Populated places established in 1743
History of Ural
1743 establishments in the Russian Empire
Transcontinental cities