''Alphabaculovirus'' is a genus of
virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
Since Dmitri Ivanovsk ...
es in the family ''
Baculoviridae
''Baculoviridae'' is a family of viruses. Arthropods, among the most studied being Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, serve as natural hosts. Currently, 85 species are placed in this family, assigned to four genera.
Baculoviruses are kno ...
''. The natural
hosts of species in this family are
invertebrate
Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordate ...
s, among them
winged insects (
Lepidopterans,
Hymenopterans,
Dipterans), and
decapods
The Decapoda or decapods (literally "ten-footed") are an order (biology), order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, Caridea, shrimp and Dendrobranchiata, prawns. Most ...
. However, species in this genus have been isolated only from Lepidoptera. There are 56 species in the genus.
Taxonomy
The following species are assigned to the genus:
* ''
Adoxophyes honmai nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus A''
* ''
Agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus B''
* ''
Antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus
''Autographa californica'' multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is a nucleopolyhedrovirus belonging to the family ''Baculoviridae''.It has a double-stranded DNA genome that is 133,894 base pairs in length with 155 ORF
ORF or Orf may refer to: ...
''
* ''
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Buzura suppressaria nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Catopsilia pomona nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Choristoneura fumiferana DEF multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Choristoneura fumiferana multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Choristoneura murinana nucleopolyhedrovirus
''Choristoneura'' is a genus of moths in the family Tortricidae. Several species are serious pests of conifers, such as spruce and are known as spruce budworms.
Species
*'' Choristoneura adumbratanus'' (Walsingham, 1900)
*'' Choristoneura afri ...
''
* ''
Choristoneura rosaceana nucleopolyhedrovirus
''Choristoneura'' is a genus of moths in the family Tortricidae. Several species are serious pests of conifers, such as spruce and are known as spruce budworms.
Species
*'' Choristoneura adumbratanus'' (Walsingham, 1900)
*'' Choristoneura af ...
''
* ''
Chrysodeixis chalcites nucleopolyhedrovirus
''Chrysodeixis'' is a genus of moth
Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximat ...
''
* ''
Chrysodeixis includens nucleopolyhedrovirus
''Chrysodeixis'' is a genus of moth
Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximat ...
''
* ''
Clanis bilineata nucleopolyhedrovirus
''Clanis'' is a genus of moths in the family Sphingidae
The Sphingidae are a family of moths (Lepidoptera) called sphinx moths, also colloquially known as hawk moths, with many of their caterpillars known as “hornworms”; it includes abo ...
''
* ''
Condylorrhiza vestigialis nucleopolyhedrovirus
''Condylorrhiza'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae
The Crambidae are the grass moth family of lepidopterans. They are variable in appearance, the nominal subfamily Crambinae (grass moths) taking up closely folded postures on grass st ...
''
* ''
Cryptophlebia peltastica nucleopolyhedrovirus
''Cryptophlebia'' is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae.
Species
*'' Cryptophlebia amamiana'' Komai & Nasu, 2003
*'' Cryptophlebia amblyopa'' Clarke, 1976
*'' Cryptophlebia amethystina'' ( Diako ...
''
* ''
Cyclophragma undans nucleopolyhedrovirus
''Cyclophragma'' is a genus of moths in the family Lasiocampidae
The Lasiocampidae are a family of moths also known as eggars, tent caterpillars, snout moths (although this also refers to the Pyralidae), or lappet moths. Over 2,000 species occ ...
''
* ''
Ectropis obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus
''Ectropis'' is a genus in the geometer moth family (Geometridae). They are mostly paleotropical, but also plentiful in Australia and extend into Asia. Only one species – or cryptic species complex – (the engrailed/small engrailed, ' ...
''
* ''
Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus
''Epiphyas'' is a genus of moths of the family Tortricidae in the tribe Archipini.
Species
*'' Epiphyas ammotypa'' (Turner, 1945)
*'' Epiphyas ashworthana'' (Newman, 1856)
*'' Epiphyas asthenopis'' (Lower, 1902)
*'' Epiphyas aulacana'' (Meyr ...
''
* ''
Euproctis pseudoconspersa nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Hemileuca species nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Hyphantria cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Hyposidra talaca nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Lambdina fiscellaria nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Leucania separata nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Lonomia obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Lymantria xylina nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus A''
* ''
Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus B''
* ''
Maruca vitrata nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Mythimna unipuncta nucleopolyhedrovirus A''
* ''
Mythimna unipuncta nucleopolyhedrovirus B''
* ''
Operophtera brumata nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Orgyia leucostigma nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Oxyplax ochracea nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Peridroma saucia nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Perigonia lusca nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Spodoptera eridania nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Spodoptera exempta nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus A''
* ''
Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus B''
* ''
Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Sucra jujuba nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Thysanoplusia orichalcea nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Trichoplusia ni single nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Urbanus proteus nucleopolyhedrovirus''
* ''
Wiseana signata nucleopolyhedrovirus''
Structure
Viruses in ''Alphabaculovirus'' are enveloped, with circular genomes around 80–180 kbp in length. The genome codes for 100 to 180 proteins.
Life cycle
''Alphabaculovirus'' replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral
glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates
endocytosis. Replication follows the
double-stranded DNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated
transcription
Transcription refers to the process of converting sounds (voice, music etc.) into letters or musical notes, or producing a copy of something in another medium, including:
Genetics
* Transcription (biology), the copying of DNA into RNA, the fir ...
with some alternative
splicing mechanism is the method of transcription.
Translation
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. The English language draws a terminological distinction (which does not exist in every language) between ''transla ...
takes place by
leaky scanning
Leaky scanning is a mechanism used during the initiation phase of eukaryotic translation that enables regulation of gene expression. During initiation, the small 40S ribosomal subunit (as a 43S PIC) "scans" or moves in a 5' --> 3' direction along ...
. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export and exists in occlusion bodies after cell death, remaining infectious until finding another host. Winged insects, arthropods, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Decapoda serve as natural hosts. Transmission routes are
fecal-oral.
References
External links
ICTV Report: ''Baculoviridae''
{{Taxonbar, from=Q9607776
Baculoviridae
Virus genera