Nylanderia Comorensis
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''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the
subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...
Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 110 species, is an ecologically important genus, with some species reported as being
invasive Invasive may refer to: *Invasive (medical) procedure *Invasive species *Invasive observation, especially in reference to surveillance *Invasively progressive spread of disease from one organ in the body to another, especially in reference to cancer ...
. The ants are small to medium in size and range in color from pale yellow to black.


Taxonomy

The genus was first described as a
subgenus In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...
of '' Prenolepis'' by Emery (1906), a status he revised a couple of years later when he placed it as subgenus of ''
Paratrechina ''Paratrechina'' is one of seven ant Genus, genera (alongside ''Euprenolepis, Nylanderia, Paraparatrechina, Prenolepis, Pseudolasius,'' and ''Zatania'') in the Prenolepis genus-group, ''Prenolepis'' genus-group from the subfamily Formicinae (Trib ...
'' (Emery, 1925).
Wheeler Wheeler may refer to: Places United States * Wheeler, Alabama, an unincorporated community * Wheeler, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Wheeler, California, an unincorporated community * Wheeler, Illinois, a village * Wheeler, Indiana, a ...
(1936) raised ''Nylanderia'' to genus, where it remained until Brown (1973) provisionally placed it as a junior synonym of ''Paratrechina'', a status which was later confirmed by Trager (1984). ''Nylanderia'' was finally revived from synonymy and restored at the rank of genus by LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck (2010). Until 2010, most ''Nylanderia'' species were placed in the genus ''Paratrechina'', but molecular phylogenic studies and reassessment of morphological characters prompted resurrection of ''Nylanderia'' as a valid genus. The genus currently comprises over 108 extant species and two fossil species: '' N. pygmaea'' from Eocene age Baltic amber and '' N. vetula'' from Miocene age
Dominican amber Dominican amber is amber from the Dominican Republic derived from resin of the extinct tree ''Hymenaea protera''. Dominican amber differentiates itself from Baltic amber by being nearly always transparent, and it has a higher number of fossil incl ...
.


Phylogenetics

After examining the phylogenetic relationships of ''Nylanderia'' and related genera, LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck (2011) placed ''Nylanderia'' within a well-defined ''Prenolepis''-genus group containing '' Euprenolepis'', ''Nylanderia'', ''Paratrechina'' (''
sensu stricto ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...
''), ''Paraparatrechina'', ''Prenolepis'', and '' Pseudolasius''. They found that ''Paratrechina'' ('' sensu lato'') was polyphyletic and segregated into three distinct, robust clades: ''Paratrechina'' (''sensu stricto''), ''Paraparatrechina'', and ''Nylanderia''. The sister taxon to ''Nylanderia'' was found to be a clade containing three genera: (''Pseudolasius'' + (''Euprenolepis'' + ''Paratrechina'')). Cladogram of the ''Prenolepis'' genus-group based on LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck (2010) and LaPolla, Kallal & Brady (2012):


Distribution

''Nylanderia'' is a large, ecologically important ant genus with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. The ants are found in all geographic regions (with the exception of high-latitude areas), but is notably absent from Europe. Species inhabit a wide array of habitats from
desert A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life. The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to denudation. About on ...
s to
rainforest Rainforests are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforest can be classified as tropical rainforest or temperate rainfores ...
s, although they reach their highest species diversity in forested and warmer environments. ''Nylanderia'' species are among the most abundant ant species in many places where they occur. For example, Ward (2000) found that ''Nylanderia'' (recorded as ''Paratrechina'') was the fifth-most frequently encountered ant genus in
leaf-litter Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litter, soil litter, litterfall or duff) is dead plant material (such as leaves, bark, needles, twigs, and cladodes) that have fallen to the ground. This detritus or dead organic material and its constituent ...
samples from around the world.


As pests

Several ''Nylanderia'' species have been reported as being tramps. For example, '' N. bourbonica'' and '' N. vaga'' are commonly encountered in the tropics and subtropics and have spread across large areas. Infestations can involve smaller areas, although population sizes can be very large, as with '' N. pubens'' (Caribbean crazy ant) in the
Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...
. A ''Nylanderia'' species has invaded Texas and several other states in Southeastern United States in a sudden, explosive outbreak. Several other species in the genus have also been reported as introduced outside their native range, including '' N. clandestina'', '' N. flavipes'', '' N. fulva'' (Rasberry crazy), '' N. guatemalensis'', and '' N. vividula''.


Biology

They are efficient and rapid foragers and often find resources (e.g. baits) first to which they can recruit rapidly, but rarely can defend a resource against other ants that arrive later to baits. Most are conspicuous,
epigaeic Epigeal, epigean, epigeic and epigeous are biological terms describing an organism's activity above the soil surface. In botany, a seed is described as showing epigeal germination when the cotyledons of the germinating seed expand, throw off the ...
(living or foraging primarily above ground) generalist species that form large, polydomous nests. Frequent nest movements are known for some species, especially those that nest in leaf litter and rotting wood. For example, ''N. bourbonica'' can nest opportunistically in temporary sites that are habitable for only a few days or weeks. The small (125–150 individuals) colonies of '' N. faisonensis'' also inhabit ephemeral locations in the leaf litter or soil of hardwood forests. A few more morphologically specialized species exist, such as the sand-dwelling '' N. arenivaga'' and '' N. phantasma'' from the southeastern United States, several small-eyed species such as '' N. microps'' from Puerto Rico, and several undescribed species from Australia. At least three currently undescribed workerless social parasites are known from the eastern United States. In temperate areas, most ''Nylanderia'' species produce reproductives during the summer, which overwinter in the nest to then emerge early the following spring; ''Nylanderia'' species are typically among the first ant reproductives to fly after '' Prenolepis''. However, little is known about the reproductive biology of many ''Nylanderia'' species, especially those inhabiting the tropics. Cases of polygyny have been noted among ''Nylanderia'' species, but how widespread this condition is within the genus remains unclear. At least one species, ''N. flavipes'', is somewhat unusual among ants in having populations that are both
monogynous This is a glossary of terms used in the descriptions of ants. A B D E F G H M N O P Q R S T U W See also ...
(single queen) and
polygynous Polygyny (; from Neoclassical Greek πολυγυνία (); ) is the most common and accepted form of polygamy around the world, entailing the marriage of a man with several women. Incidence Polygyny is more widespread in Africa than in any ...
(multiple queens).


Description

''Nylanderia'' ants are small to medium-sized (generally between 1 and 4 mm in total length) and range in color from pale yellow to black.


Workers

Workers are generally monomorphic, although some species are variable in size, with a possible example of worker polymorphism observed in '' N. amblyops'' from Madagascar. ''Nylanderia'' workers can generally be easily distinguished from other formicines based on the presence of six mandibular teeth, erect macrosetae on the scapes and legs, and paired erect macrosetae on the pronotum and mesonotum. These morphological features are considered
synapomorphies In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have ...
for the genus, and will effectively separate this genus from other genera. Overall, the body shape for most ''Nylanderia'' workers is compact and robust in that the mesosomal regions are generally short (as measured against the long axis of the body) and relatively high when compared to a species such as ''
Paratrechina longicornis The longhorn crazy ant (''Paratrechina longicornis''), also known as "black crazy ant", is a species of small, dark-coloured insect in the family Formicidae. These ants are commonly called "crazy ants" because instead of following straight line ...
''. There are, however, several species where the mesosoma is more elongated, superficially resembling ''Paratrechina longicornis''. Long erect macrosetae are almost never found on the dorsal face of the propodeum, with one known exception. However, species with an elongated mesosoma or short propodeal macrosetae do possess six mandibular teeth, erect macrosetae on the scapes and legs, and paired erect macrosetae on the pronotum and mesonotum which support their placement within ''Nylanderia'' based on the definition of the genus proposed above. Additionally, when macrosetae are present on the propodeum, they show a pattern generally similar to that found on the pronotum and mesonotum of ''Nylanderia'', with the macrosetae being numerous and of varying lengths. This is in contrast to related genera, for example '' Paraparatrechina'', where the macrosetae are limited to a single, distinct pair. Given the differences in the patterns of these macrosetae among these genera, and when considering additional characters as outlined above, LaPolla, Brady & Shattuck 2011 (2011) interpreted the presence of macrosetae on the propodeum within ''Nylanderia'' as having arisen independently from those observed in other closely related genera.


Queens

The main features used to distinguish ''Nylanderia'' queens from other ''Prenolepis'' genus-group genera come primarily from the mandibles and scapes. Like workers, ''Nylanderia'' queens have erect macrosetae on their scapes. However, the macrosetae are often not as distinct as in workers because the macrosetae are often shorter and usually surrounded by a thick layer of decumbent pubescence. When considering genera such as '' Euprenolepis'' and '' Pseudolasius'' in which queens also possess macrosetae on the scapes, differences in mandibular tooth count will distinguish ''Nylanderia'' queens. Five teeth are present in ''Euprenolepis'' queens and five or fewer in ''Pseudolasius'', while ''Nylanderia'' possesses six (or rarely seven) teeth. In other genera such as ''Paratrechina'' and '' Paraparatrechina'', the queens have no erect macrosetae on their scapes. For ''Prenolepis'', if erect macrosetae are present on the scapes, the more posterior placement of the eyes distinguishes them from ''Nylanderia''.


Males

Males of ''Nylanderia'' can be more difficult to distinguish from other ''Prenolepis'' genus-group genera because considerable variation occurs in the genitalic structures at the species level for all genera, and features such as mandibular dentition are not useful since dentition is always reduced in males from that observed in workers and queens (usually to one or two teeth). The scapes can be useful in separating male ''Nylanderia'' from some ''Prenolepis'' genus-group genera since they possess macrosetae similar to those found in workers and queens, but at reduced numbers. ''Paratrechina'' and ''Paraparatrechina'' males, like workers and queens of these genera, never have macrosetae on their scapes. In general, ''Nylanderia'' males have subtriangular
paramere Parameres ('side parts') are part of the external reproductive organs of male insects and the term was first used by Karl Wilhelm Verhoeff, Verhoeff in 1893 for the lateral genital lobes in Coleoptera. The primary phallic lobes which appear in th ...
s, but similar-shaped parameres are also seen in some species of ''Euprenolepis'', ''Prenolepis'', and ''Pseudolasius''. Both ''Euprenolepis'' and ''Pseudolasius'' have reduced labial and maxillary palp numbers from the more typical six maxillary and four labial palps observed in other ''Prenolepis'' genus-group genera. For ''Prenolepis'' the separation of males from ''Nylanderia'' is unclear, largely because for the vast majority of ''Prenolepis'' species the males are unknown. Separation of the widespread North American '' Prenolepis imparis'' from ''Nylanderia'' is based on the extremely short scapes (not much longer than the head) that lack macrosetae.


Species

*''
Nylanderia amblyops ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing ove ...
'' (Forel, 1892) *''
Nylanderia amia ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1913) *'' Nylanderia anthracina'' (Roger, 1863) *''
Nylanderia arenivaga ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Wheeler, 1905) *''
Nylanderia aseta ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1902) *''
Nylanderia assimilis ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Jerdon, 1851) *'' Nylanderia austroccidua'' (Trager, 1984) *''
Nylanderia birmana ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing ove ...
'' (Forel, 1902) *''
Nylanderia birmana hodgsoni ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1902) *''
Nylanderia boltoni ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' LaPolla, Hawkes & Fisher, 2011 *'' Nylanderia bourbonica'' (Forel, 1886) *''
Nylanderia brasiliensis ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Mayr, 1862) *'' Nylanderia braueri'' (Mayr, 1868) *'' Nylanderia bruesii'' (Wheeler, 1903) *''
Nylanderia burgesi ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing ove ...
'' (Trager, 1984) *''
Nylanderia caeciliae ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1899) *'' Nylanderia clandestina'' (Mayr, 1870) *''
Nylanderia colchica ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Pisarski, 1960) *'' Nylanderia comorensis'' (Forel, 1907) *''
Nylanderia concinna ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Trager, 1984) *''
Nylanderia darlingtoni ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' Wheeler, 1936 *'' Nylanderia dichroa'' Wheeler, 1934 *''
Nylanderia dispar ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1909) *''
Nylanderia docilis ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1908) *'' Nylanderia dodo'' (Donisthorpe, 1946) *''
Nylanderia dugasi ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1911) *''
Nylanderia faisonensis ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1922) *''
Nylanderia flavipes ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Smith, 1874) *''
Nylanderia formosae ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1912) *'' Nylanderia fulva'' (Mayr, 1862) *''
Nylanderia glabrior ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1902) *''
Nylanderia goeldii ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1912) *''
Nylanderia gracilis ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1892) *''
Nylanderia guanyin ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Terayama, 2009) *'' Nylanderia guatemalensis'' (Forel, 1885) *'' Nylanderia gulinensis'' (Zhang & Zheng, 2002) *'' Nylanderia helleri'' (Viehmeyer, 1914) *''
Nylanderia hubrechti ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Emery, 1922) *''
Nylanderia humbloti ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1891) *'' Nylanderia hystrix'' (Trager, 1984) *'' Nylanderia impolita'' LaPolla, Hawkes & Fisher, 2011 *''
Nylanderia incallida ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Santschi, 1915) *''
Nylanderia indica ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1894) *''
Nylanderia integera ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Zhou, 2001) *'' Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi'' (Mayr, 1904) *'' Nylanderia johannae'' (Forel, 1912) *'' Nylanderia kraepelini'' (Forel, 1905) *'' Nylanderia laevigata'' (MacKay, 1998) *'' Nylanderia lepida'' (Santschi, 1915) *'' Nylanderia lietzi'' (Forel, 1908) *'' Nylanderia luteafra'' LaPolla, Hawkes & Fisher, 2011 *'' Nylanderia madagascarensis'' (Forel, 1886) *''
Nylanderia magnella ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' Kallal & LaPolla, 2012 *''
Nylanderia manni ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Donisthorpe, 1941) *''
Nylanderia mendica ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Menozzi, 1942) *'' Nylanderia mexicana'' (Forel, 1899) *''
Nylanderia microps ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Smith, 1937) *'' Nylanderia mixta'' (Forel, 1897) *''
Nylanderia myops ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Mann, 1920) *''
Nylanderia natalensis ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1915) *''
Nylanderia nodifera ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Mayr, 1870) *''
Nylanderia nubatama ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Terayama, 1999) *'' Nylanderia nuggeti'' (Donisthorpe, 1941) *''
Nylanderia obscura ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Mayr, 1862) *''
Nylanderia ogasawarensis ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Terayama, 1999) *''
Nylanderia opisopthalmia ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Zhou & Zheng, 1998) *''
Nylanderia otome ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Terayama, 1999) *''
Nylanderia parvula ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Mayr, 1870) *''
Nylanderia pearsei ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' Wheeler, 1938 *'' Nylanderia perminuta'' (Buckley, 1866) *''
Nylanderia phantasma ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Trager, 1984) *''
Nylanderia picta ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Wheeler, 1927) *''
Nylanderia pieli ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Santschi, 1928) *''
Nylanderia pubens ''Nylanderia pubens'' is a species of ant of the genus ''Nylanderia'', commonly called the Caribbean crazy ant. It was originally described as ''Paratrechina pubens'' from Saint Vincent, Lesser Antilles. This species was moved from ''Paratrechin ...
'' (Forel, 1893) *†''
Nylanderia pygmaea ''Nylanderia pygmaea'' is an extinct species of formicid in the ant subfamily Formicinae known from fossils found in the Baltic region. History and classification When described ''N. pygmaea'' was known from twenty males and two queen fossils w ...
'' (Mayr, 1868) *''
Nylanderia querna ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' Kallal & LaPolla, 2012 *''
Nylanderia rosae ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1902) *'' Nylanderia ryukyuensis'' (Terayama, 1999) *''
Nylanderia sakurae ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Ito, 1914) *''
Nylanderia scintilla ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' LaPolla, Hawkes & Fisher, 2011 *''
Nylanderia sharpii ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1899) *''
Nylanderia sikorae ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1892) *''
Nylanderia silvestrii ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Emery, 1906) *''
Nylanderia silvula ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' LaPolla, Hawkes & Fisher, 2011 *'' Nylanderia simpliciuscula'' (Emery, 1896) *''
Nylanderia sindbadi ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Pisarski, 1960) *''
Nylanderia smythiesii ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1894) *''
Nylanderia staudingeri ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1912) *''
Nylanderia steeli ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1910) *''
Nylanderia steinheili ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1893) *''
Nylanderia stigmatica ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Mann, 1919) *''
Nylanderia tasmaniensis ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Forel, 1913) *'' Nylanderia taylori'' (Forel, 1894) *'' Nylanderia teranishii'' (Santschi, 1937) *''
Nylanderia terricola ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing ove ...
'' (Buckley, 1866) *'' Nylanderia tjibodana'' (Karavaiev, 1929) *'' Nylanderia tococae'' (Wheeler & Bequaert, 1929) *''
Nylanderia trageri ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' Kallal & LaPolla, 2012 *'' Nylanderia umbella'' LaPolla, Hawkes & Fisher, 2011 *''
Nylanderia usambarica ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' LaPolla, Hawkes & Fisher, 2011 *'' Nylanderia vaga'' (Forel, 1901) *'' Nylanderia vagabunda'' (Motschoulsky, 1863) *†''
Nylanderia vetula ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' LaPolla & Dlussky, 2010 *''
Nylanderia vitiensis ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Mann, 1921) *''
Nylanderia vividula ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Nylander, 1846) *'' Nylanderia waelbroecki'' (Emery, 1899) *''
Nylanderia wojciki ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over ...
'' (Trager, 1984) *''
Nylanderia yaeyamensis ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over ...
'' (Terayama, 1999) *''
Nylanderia yambaru ''Nylanderia'' is a large genus of ants in the subfamily Formicinae. The genus has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution with species inhabiting a wide array of habitats in almost all geographic regions. ''Nylanderia'', currently containing over 1 ...
'' (Terayama, 1999) *''
Nylanderia yerburyi ''Nylanderia yerburyi'', is a species of Formicinae ant found in India, Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka, and China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, wi ...
'' (Forel, 1894)


Notes


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * This article incorporates text published unde
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License


External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q10338326 Formicinae Ant genera