Normalization or normalisation refers to a process that makes something more normal or regular. Most commonly it refers to: * Normalization (sociology) or social normalization, the process through which ideas and behaviors that may fall outside of

social norm Social norms are shared standards of acceptance, acceptable behavior by groups. Social norms can both be informal understandings that govern the behavior of members of a society, as well as be codified into wikt:rule, rules and laws. Social normat ...

s come to be regarded as "normal" Normalization or normalisation may also refer to:

Science

Normalization process theory Normalization process theory (NPT) is a sociological theory, generally used in the fields of science and technology studies (STS), Implementation Science, and healthcare system research. The theory deals with the adoption of technological and or ...

, a sociological theory of the implementation of new technologies or innovations *

Normalization model The normalization model is an influential model of responses of neurons in primary visual cortex. David Heeger developed the model in the early 1990s, and later refined it together with Matteo Carandini and J. Anthony Movshon. The model involves a ...

, used in visual neuroscience * Normalization in quantum mechanics: see

Mathematics and statistics

Normalization of an algebraic variety In algebraic geometry, an algebraic variety or scheme ''X'' is normal if it is normal at every point, meaning that the local ring at the point is an integrally closed domain. An affine variety ''X'' (understood to be irreducible) is normal if and o ...

, the operation consisting in taking locally the integral closure of the ring of regular functions * Normalization (statistics), adjustments of values or distributions in statistics **

Quantile normalization In statistics, quantile normalization is a technique for making two distributions identical in statistical properties. To quantile-normalize a test distribution to a reference distribution of the same length, sort the test distribution and sort t ...

, statistical technique for making two distributions identical in statistical properties * Normalizing (abstract rewriting), an abstract rewriting system in which every object has at least one normal form ** Normalization property (abstract rewriting), a property of a rewrite system in mathematical logic and theoretical computer science *

Normalizing constant The concept of a normalizing constant arises in probability theory and a variety of other areas of mathematics. The normalizing constant is used to reduce any probability function to a probability density function with total probability of one. ...

, in probability theory a constant to make a non-negative function a probability density function *

Noether normalization lemma In mathematics, the Noether normalization lemma is a result of commutative algebra, introduced by Emmy Noether in 1926. It states that for any field ''k'', and any finitely generated commutative ''k''-algebra ''A'', there exists a non-negative ...

, result of commutative algebra * The process of obtaining a

normalized vector In mathematics, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector (often a spatial vector) of length 1. A unit vector is often denoted by a lowercase letter with a circumflex, or "hat", as in \hat (pronounced "v-hat"). The term ''direction vecto ...

* Normalized number, adjusting a floating point number's exponent so that the decimal point is in a fixed position *

Technology and computer science

* A metallurgic process used in annealing *

Normalization (image processing) In image processing, normalization is a process that changes the range of pixel intensity values. Applications include photographs with poor contrast due to glare, for example. Normalization is sometimes called contrast stretching or histogram st ...

, changing the range of pixel intensity values *

Audio normalization Audio normalization is the application of a constant amount of gain to an audio recording to bring the amplitude to a target level (the norm). Because the same amount of gain is applied across the entire recording, the signal-to-noise ratio and ...

, process of uniformly increasing or decreasing the amplitude of an audio signal *

Data normalization In mathematics and computer science, a canonical, normal, or standard form of a mathematical object is a standard way of presenting that object as a mathematical expression. Often, it is one which provides the simplest representation of an obj ...

, general reduction of data to canonical form * Database normalization, used in database theory *

NFD normalization Unicode equivalence is the specification by the Unicode character encoding standard that some sequences of code points represent essentially the same character. This feature was introduced in the standard to allow compatibility with preexisting st ...

, normalization form decomposition for Unicode string searches and comparisons in text processing *

Spatial normalization In neuroimaging, spatial normalization is an image processing step, more specifically an image registration method. Human brains differ in size and shape, and one goal of spatial normalization is to deform human brain scans so one location in ...

, a step in image processing for neuroimaging *

Text normalization Text normalization is the process of transforming text into a single canonical form that it might not have had before. Normalizing text before storing or processing it allows for separation of concerns, since input is guaranteed to be consisten ...

, modifying text to make it consistent * URL normalization, process to modify URLs in a consistent manner *

Normalized frequency (digital signal processing) In digital signal processing (DSP), a normalized frequency () is a quantity that is equal to the ratio of a frequency and a characteristic frequency of a system. An example of a normalized frequency is the sampling frequency in a system in which ...

, unit of frequency cycles/sample in digital signal processing

Other

* The process of establishing normal diplomatic relations between two countries *

Normalization (people with disabilities) "The normalization principle means making available to all people with disabilities patterns of life and conditions of everyday living which are as close as possible to the regular circumstances and ways of life or society." Normalization is a ...

, principle to make conditions of everyday living available to people with disabilities * Normalization (Czechoslovakia), the restoration of the conditions prevalent before the reform in Czechoslovakia, 1969

Science

Mathematics and statistics

Technology and computer science

Other

See also