Nikolai Pavlovich Bobyr (russian: Николай Павлович Бобырь) (14 January 1854,

Malaya Zagorovka Malaya refers to a number of historical and current political entities related to what is currently Peninsular Malaysia in Southeast Asia: Political entities * British Malaya (1826–1957), a loose collection of the British colony of the Straits ...

Bereznyansky Borznyansky Uyezd (''Борзнянский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Chernigov Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Borzna. Demographics At ...

District,

Chernigov Governorate The Chernigov Governorate (russian: Черниговская губерния; translit.: ''Chernigovskaya guberniya''; ), also known as the Government of Chernigov, was a guberniya in the historical Left-bank Ukraine region of the Russian ...

– December 1920,

Yalta Yalta (: Я́лта) is a resort city on the south coast of the Crimean Peninsula surrounded by the Black Sea. It serves as the administrative center of Yalta Municipality, one of the regions within Crimea. Yalta, along with the rest of Crimea ...

) was an

Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...

general of the cavalry General of the Cavalry (german: General der Kavallerie) was a General officer rank in the cavalry in various states of which the modern states of German and Austria are successors or in other armies which used the German model. Artillery officers o ...

who was

commandant Commandant ( or ) is a title often given to the officer in charge of a military (or other uniformed service) training establishment or academy. This usage is common in English-speaking nations. In some countries it may be a military or police ran ...

of the Novogeorgievsk Fortress from 1907 to 1915. He saw action there during

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

Biography

Bobyr was the son of

Colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...

Pavel Matveyevich Bobyr. He graduated from the Petrovsky Poltava military gymnasium. In 1873 he graduated from the

Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy Russia has a number of military academies of different specialties. This article primarily lists institutions of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation rather than those of the Soviet Armed Forces. Russian institutions designated as an "acad ...

. He served in the Imperial Russian Army

horse artillery Horse artillery was a type of light, fast-moving, and fast-firing artillery which provided highly mobile fire support, especially to cavalry units. Horse artillery units existed in armies in Europe, the Americas, and Asia, from the early 17th to t ...

. During the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878, Bobyr was part of the force guarding the

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Roma ...

coast in the

Odessa Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrativ ...

region. He was promoted to

staff captain Staff captain is the English translation of a number of military ranks: Historical use of the rank Czechoslovakia In the Czechoslovak Army, until 1953, Staff Captain ( cs, štábní kapitán, sk, štábny kapitán) was a senior captain ran ...

in 1879. In April 1882 he graduated in the first category from the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff. He then was assigned to the

headquarters Headquarters (commonly referred to as HQ) denotes the location where most, if not all, of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. In the United States, the corporate headquarters represents the entity at the center or the to ...

of the

Kharkov Military District The Kharkov Military District () was a military district of the Russian Empire, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and the Soviet Union. Throughout its history, the district headquarters was located in the city of Kharkov in northeast ...

. On 24 November 1882 he became senior

adjutant Adjutant is a military appointment given to an officer who assists the commanding officer with unit administration, mostly the management of human resources in an army unit. The term is used in French-speaking armed forces as a non-commission ...

to the headquarters of the 5th Infantry Division.

In Siberia

On 28 October 1884, Bobyr was assigned duty as the ''ispravleniye dolzhnosti'' ("post correction")In the Russian Empire, ''ispravleniye dolzhnosti'' ("post correction") indicated the performance by an official of the military duties of a post, using all the rights established for this post, prior to receiving formal approval perform those duties. "Correction" of a post applied to those cases when 1) due to the absence of the person holding the position, duties were temporarily assigned to another person (in relation to more important posts, such as those held by ministers, governors, police officers, leaders of the nobility, judges, and prosecutors, the law indicated who was called and in what order they were called to re-establish — or "correct" — the position in the absence of the person holding it); 2) in order to test a person’s abilities before assigning that person permanently to the position, the person filled the post for a trial period of no more than four months, which counted in the person's active service in the post if the person later received a permanent assignment to the post; or 3) authorities appointed a person to a position that required imperial approval of the appointment prior to receiving an imperial order granting such approval, with the appointed person receiving a full salary until the issuance of the necessary imperial order for the person's appointment. When "correcting" a position, an official or a military officer filling the position received the salary assigned to him only if the position was vacant and if the official appointed to ("correcting") the position no longer received any other salary. staff officer for assignments at the headquarters of the

East Siberian Military District The East Siberian Military District was a Military district of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, which existed between 1865—1884, 1920—1923 and 1945—1953. Between 1884-1919, it was known as the Irkutsk Military District. History Th ...

. From April 1884 to January 1885 served in

Kamchatka The Kamchatka Peninsula (russian: полуостров Камчатка, Poluostrov Kamchatka, ) is a peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about . The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk make up the peninsula's eastern and wes ...

to collect statistical information about the Kamchatka

Cossacks The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...

. On 20 July 1884, during the reorganization of the East Siberian Military District into the

Irkutsk Military District The East Siberian Military District was a Military district of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, which existed between 1865—1884, 1920—1923 and 1945—1953. Between 1884-1919, it was known as the Irkutsk Military District. History Th ...

, he became headquarters officer for special assignments under the commander of the district. He was promoted to

lieutenant colonel Lieutenant colonel ( , ) is a rank of commissioned officers in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel. Several police forces in the United States use the rank of lieutenant colone ...

in 1885. From May to October 1887, he headed an expedition to the

Sayan Mountains The Sayan Mountains (russian: Саяны ''Sajany''; mn, Соёны нуруу, ''Soyonï nurû''; otk, 𐰚𐰇𐰏𐰢𐰤, Kögmen) are a mountain range in southern Siberia, Russia (Buryatia, Irkutsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Tuva Republic ...

to study the border region of

Irkutsk Province Irkutsk Oblast (russian: Ирку́тская о́бласть, Irkutskaya oblast; bua, Эрхүү можо, Erkhüü mojo) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in southeastern Siberia in the basins of the Angara, Lena, and Nizhn ...

. He was promoted to

colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...

in 1890.

Cavalry service

On 27 February 1891 Bobyr assumed duty as the ''ispravleniye dolzhnosti'' ("post correction")

chief of staff The title chief of staff (or head of staff) identifies the leader of a complex organization such as the armed forces, institution, or body of persons and it also may identify a principal staff officer (PSO), who is the coordinator of the supporti ...

of the 2nd Cavalry Division. On 23 December 1892 he was seconded to the 8th

Dragoon Dragoons were originally a class of mounted infantry, who used horses for mobility, but dismounted to fight on foot. From the early 17th century onward, dragoons were increasingly also employed as conventional cavalry and trained for combat w ...

Smolensk Smolensk ( rus, Смоленск, p=smɐˈlʲensk, a=smolensk_ru.ogg) is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow. First mentioned in 863, it is one of the oldest c ...

Regiment A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, service and/or a specialisation. In Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of front-line soldiers, recruited or conscripted ...

for a practical study of the conditions of

cavalry Historically, cavalry (from the French word ''cavalerie'', itself derived from "cheval" meaning "horse") are soldiers or warriors who fight mounted on horseback. Cavalry were the most mobile of the combat arms, operating as light cavalry ...

service. On 5 November 1894, he was seconded to the headquarters of the Vilna Military District. On 9 January 1895 he was appointed chief of staff of the 3rd Cavalry Division. On 15 September 1895, he was appointed commander of the 49th Dragoon Arkhangelogorod Regiment. From March to July 1908, he temporarily commanded the 1st Separate Cavalry

Brigade A brigade is a major tactical military formation that typically comprises three to six battalions plus supporting elements. It is roughly equivalent to an enlarged or reinforced regiment. Two or more brigades may constitute a division. Br ...

. In 1911 he was promoted to

Fortress service

On 24 November 1899 Bobyr was appointed chief of staff of the

Kovno Kaunas (; ; also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania after Vilnius and an important centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the largest city and the centre of a county in the Duchy of Trakai ...

Fortress. He was promoted to

major general Major general (abbreviated MG, maj. gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general. The disappearance of the "sergeant" in the title explains the apparent confusion of a ...

in 1899. On 24 July 1900, he became chief of staff of the Osovets Fortress . On 14 February 1907 he was appointed commandant of the Novogeorgievsk Fortress. During

, Bobyr led the Russian defense of the fortress in July–August 1915, which culminated in the

Imperial German Army The Imperial German Army (1871–1919), officially referred to as the German Army (german: Deutsches Heer), was the unified ground and air force of the German Empire. It was established in 1871 with the political unification of Germany under the l ...

Siege of Novogeorgievsk The siege of Novogeorgievsk was a battle of World War I fought after the Germans broke the Russian defenses at the Hindenburg's Bug-Narew Offensive. In terms of the ratio of casualties and trophies, the German victory at Novogeorgievsk surpas ...

of 10–25 August 1915. When German troops captured the fortress, he was captured. He became a

prisoner of war A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610. Belligerents hold prisoners of wa ...

in an officer's camp in

Blankenburg Blankenburg may refer to: Places * Blankenburg am Harz, a German town in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt * Blankenburg Castle (Harz), the castle in Blankenburg am Harz (see above) * Bad Blankenburg, a German town in the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt dis ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

Later life

After World War I, he returned to

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

, where the

Russian Civil War , date = October Revolution, 7 November 1917 – Yakut revolt, 16 June 1923{{Efn, The main phase ended on 25 October 1922. Revolt against the Bolsheviks continued Basmachi movement, in Central Asia and Tungus Republic, the Far East th ...

was underway. He lived in

to rest and convalesce, and did not serve in the

White Army The White Army (russian: Белая армия, Belaya armiya) or White Guard (russian: Бѣлая гвардія/Белая гвардия, Belaya gvardiya, label=none), also referred to as the Whites or White Guardsmen (russian: Бѣлогв� ...

. In December 1920, he was shot in Yalta by decision of the three

Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...

n strike groups of the special divisions of the

Cheka The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission ( rus, Всероссийская чрезвычайная комиссия, r=Vserossiyskaya chrezvychaynaya komissiya, p=fsʲɪrɐˈsʲijskəjə tɕrʲɪzvɨˈtɕæjnəjə kɐˈmʲisʲɪjə), abbreviated ...

under the

Revolutionary Military Council The Revolutionary Military Council (russian: Революционный Военный Совет, Revolyutsionny Voyenny Sovyet, Revolutionary Military Council), sometimes called the Revolutionary War CouncilBrian PearceIntroductionto Fyodor Ra ...

of the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...

Southern Southern may refer to: Businesses * China Southern Airlines, airline based in Guangzhou, China * Southern Airways, defunct US airline * Southern Air, air cargo transportation company based in Norwalk, Connecticut, US * Southern Airways Express, M ...

and

Southwestern The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each sepa ...

Front Front may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''The Front'' (1943 film), a 1943 Soviet drama film * ''The Front'', 1976 film Music * The Front (band), an American rock band signed to Columbia Records and active in the 1980s and e ...

s.'' Л. М. Абраменко.'' Багреевка
Гл. «Судный день 7 декабря 1920 года»
/ '' Анна Галиченко, Леонид Абраменко.'' Под сенью Ай-Петри. Ялта в омуте истории, 1920—1921 годы. — Феодосия: Коктебель, 2006

Personal life

Bobyr was married to Sofiya Leonidovna Karpinskaya. They had one daughter, Nadezhda (1891–1907).

Awards and honors

Order of Saint Stanislaus The Order of Saint Stanislaus ( pl, Order Św. Stanisława Biskupa Męczennika, russian: Орден Святого Станислава), also spelled Stanislas, was a Polish order of knighthood founded in 1765 by King Stanisław August Ponia ...

, Third Class (30 August 1884) * Order of Saint Vladimir, ribbon bar

Order of Saint Vladimir The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir (russian: орден Святого Владимира) was an Imperial Russian order established on by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptize ...

, Fourth Class (3 February 1886) * RUS Order św

, Second Class (6 May 1889) * Order of Saint Anna ribbon bar

Order of Saint Anna The Imperial Order of Saint Anna (russian: Орден Святой Анны; also "Order of Saint Anne" or "Order of Saint Ann") was a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry. It was established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Hol ...

, Second Class (21 May 1893) * Order of Saint Vladimir, ribbon bar

, Third Class (14 May 1886) * RUS Order św

, First Class (6 December 1903) * Order of Saint Anna ribbon bar

, First Class (1 January 1906) * Order of Saint Vladimir, ribbon bar

, Second Class (14 May 1886) (6 December 1909) * RUS Order White Eagle BAR

Order of the White Eagle (6 December 1913) * RUS Order of St

Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky The Imperial Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky was an order of chivalry of the Russian Empire first awarded on by Empress Catherine I of Russia. History The introduction of the Imperial Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky was envisioned by Emperor ...

(25 October 1914)

Notes

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

*'' Гущин Ф. А., Жебровский С. С.'' Пленные генералы Российской императорской армии 1914–1917. — Русский путь, 2010. — *
Фотография
* ''Афонасенко И. М., Бахурин Ю. А.'
на Висле
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bobyr, Nikolai Pavlovich 1854 births 1920 deaths Russian military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) Russian military personnel of World War I Imperial Russian Army generals Victims of Red Terror in Soviet Russia Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 2nd class Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class