The National Patriotic Coalition (in
Spanish: ''Coalición Patriótica Nacional'', CPN) was a
Panamanian
conservative nationalist political party.
It was founded in advance of the election of 1952 to support the presidential aspirations of Colonel
José Antonio Remón Cantera, head of the
National Police.
Its six original members were the
Renewal Party The Renewal Party (in Spanish: ''Partido Renovador'', PREN) was a Panamanian right liberal political party.
The Renewal Party was founded in 1947 by one of the Liberal Unification factions.
In 1946 five liberal parties have allied within the Li ...
(PREN),
Liberal Party “del Matadero” (PL),
National Revolutionary Party (PNR),
Authentic Revolutionary Party (PRA),
Popular Union Party
Popularity or social status is the quality of being well liked, admired or well known to a particular group.
Popular may also refer to:
In sociology
* Popular culture
* Popular fiction
* Popular music
* Popular science
* Populace, the total ...
(PUP) and
Patriotic Youth Front (FJP).
In 1953 the CPN, a coalition of several parties, was reorganized as a single party. It was the government party during
José Antonio Remón Cantera's presidency and continued to be one of the principal parties until the late 1960s.
The ideology of CPN was vague: it supported the developmentalist and reformist policies of the
Remón government (1952–1955), following
Remón's assassination in 1955, supported the conservative
Ricardo Arias government (1955–1956) and
Ernesto de la Guardia government (1956–1960), which dismantled many of
Remón's progressive reforms, and in the early 1960s included among its deputies in the National Assembly
Thelma King
Thelma is a female given name. It was popularized by Victorian writer Marie Corelli who gave the name to the title character of her 1887 novel ''Thelma''. It may be related to a Greek word meaning "will, volition" see '' thelema''). Note that alth ...
, who for a while was one of the principal advocates of
Castroist tendencies in
Panama.
The CPN was the official government party from its formation in 1952 until 1960. In the 1956 elections the CPN's presidential candidate was
Ernesto de la Guardia; he polled 177,633 votes (68.49%) in the election.
Meantime, the CPN, undisturbed by any effective opposition in the National Assembly, began to suffer serious dissension within its own ranks.
Remón conceived of the CPN as a system whereby political power was wielded by one faction of the official party and then another.
De la Guardia abetted friction among the parties in the official coalition. He refused a cabinet post to the CPN faction of First Vice-President
Temístocles Díaz Q. Nor was the bloc of seats in the National Assembly allowed the
Díaz faction proportionate to its electoral strength. Perhaps as a direct affront to
Temístocles Díaz, the President named
Gilberto Arias Guardia
Gilberto is the Iberian and Italian version of the originally Norman-French given name ''Gilbert'', used in Italian, Portuguese and Spanish languages. In Galician, it's spelled Xilberto or Xilberte. ''Gilbert'' is ultimately derived from the G ...
, a nephew of the former President
Arnulfo Arias, to the cabinet. The enmity between
Temístocles Díaz and the elder
Gilberto Arias
Gilberto Arias (born 1964) was the Panamanian Ambassador to the United Kingdom from July 2009 to November 2011.
Education
Arias attended the University of Virginia from 1982 to 1986, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy and e ...
was notorious.
Gilberto Arias
Gilberto Arias (born 1964) was the Panamanian Ambassador to the United Kingdom from July 2009 to November 2011.
Education
Arias attended the University of Virginia from 1982 to 1986, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy and e ...
' incorporation into the cabinet did not reflect a shift in party alignments, but it neutralized the
Arias news media.
Coincident with the downgrading of
Temístocles Díaz and his CPN faction was the upgrading of the
Liberal Democrata group. Following
Remón's assassination, the former
Renewal Party The Renewal Party (in Spanish: ''Partido Renovador'', PREN) was a Panamanian right liberal political party.
The Renewal Party was founded in 1947 by one of the Liberal Unification factions.
In 1946 five liberal parties have allied within the Li ...
(PREN) faction under
Ricardo Arias guided the CPN, but when
Ernesto de la Guardia was elected president, he lured the
Liberal Democrata faction and gave it dominance in the CPN.
Formerly a part of the
National Liberal Party, the
Liberal Democratas had opposed the
Remón regime. For having switched to the CPN after the
Remón's death, the
Liberal Democratas were rewarded with the foreign ministry and the agriculture, commerce, and industry portfolio.
A first formal split in the CPN took place on 27 May 1957 when
Temístocles Díaz Q. with 37 prominent members, resigned from the CPN and took with him six deputies of the National Assembly of former
Popular Union Party
Popularity or social status is the quality of being well liked, admired or well known to a particular group.
Popular may also refer to:
In sociology
* Popular culture
* Popular fiction
* Popular music
* Popular science
* Populace, the total ...
and
Authentic Revolutionary Party.
The reason for the split was general dissatisfaction with the president's political leadership. On 3 June 1957,
Díaz was joined in his stand by former President
Alcibíades Arosemena and four ex-cabinet members and formed a new party named the National Liberation Movement to oppose
de la Guardia.
This was a severe blow to the political supporters of President. The formation of the
National Liberation Movement led by
Temístocles Díaz Q. created additional problems for the disintegrating CPN. The
de la Guardia administration generally tended to be overwhelmed by its domestic problems and the rapid pace of events in foreign affairs.
In 1958,
Aquilino Boyd
Aquilino Edgardo Boyd de la Guardia (March 30, 1921 in Panama – September 4, 2004 in Panama City, Panama) was a Panamanian politician, diplomat and lawyer.
Aquilino Boyd was born in 1921 in Panamá. He married Dora Brin. He studied in La Salle, ...
withdrew his faction and created the
Third Nationalist Party, which joined the PLN coalition. In 1959 the former PREN faction, the faction of
Alfredo Alemán
Alfredo (, ) is a cognate of the Anglo-Saxon name Alfred and a common Italian, Galician, Portuguese and Spanish language personal name.
People with the given name include:
* Alfredo (born 1946), Brazilian footballer born as Alfredo Mostarda F ...
and the faction of
Carlos Sucre Calvo, who was a faction leader in the CPN during
Remón's tenure, left the CPN and registered as separate political parties (
Renewal Party The Renewal Party (in Spanish: ''Partido Renovador'', PREN) was a Panamanian right liberal political party.
The Renewal Party was founded in 1947 by one of the Liberal Unification factions.
In 1946 five liberal parties have allied within the Li ...
,
DIPAL Party
DIPAL Party (Discipline, Equality, Patriotism, Love, and Liberty), (in Spanish: ''Partido DIPAL'', PD, ''Disciplina, Igualdad, Patriotismo, Amor y Libertad'')
was a Panamanian political party.
The DIPAL Party was created by Alfredo Alemán, in ...
and
Progressive National Party).
In 1960
Ricardo Arias, the candidate of CPN, unsuccessfully ran in the presidential elections, obtaining only 85,981 votes (35.61%).
In 1963 former
Popular Union Party
Popularity or social status is the quality of being well liked, admired or well known to a particular group.
Popular may also refer to:
In sociology
* Popular culture
* Popular fiction
* Popular music
* Popular science
* Populace, the total ...
faction, led by
Bernardino González Ruíz
Bernardino is a name of Italian, Hispanic, or Portuguese origin, which can refer to:
Given name
*Bernardino Baldi (1533–1617), Italian mathematician and writer
*Bernardino Bertolotti (born 1547), Italian composer and instrumentalist
*Bernardi ...
, left the CPN and registered as the
Democratic Action Party.
For the 1964 elections, the CPN was the main component of the
National Opposition Alliance
National may refer to:
Common uses
* Nation or country
** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen
Places in the United States
* National, Maryland, ...
(ANO), with the CPN's
Juan de Arco Galindo
''Juan'' is a given name, the Spanish and Manx versions of '' John''. It is very common in Spain and in other Spanish-speaking communities around the world and in the Philippines, and also (pronounced differently) in the Isle of Man. In Spanis ...
as the coalition's presidential candidate. He polled 47,753 votes (14.62%) and came third.
In 1968 CPN allied with the
National Union (UN) and its candidate
Arnulfo Arias, the CPN polled only 19,072 votes (05.95%).
All political parties including the CPN were banned by
Omar Torrijos after the military coup of 1968.
In 1981 the CPN joined the
Third Nationalist Party,
National Liberation Movement and factions that had earlier split off from
National Liberal Party and
Republican Party
Republican Party is a name used by many political parties around the world, though the term most commonly refers to the United States' Republican Party.
Republican Party may also refer to:
Africa
*Republican Party (Liberia)
* Republican Part ...
to form the opposition
National Liberal Republican Movement (MOLIRENA).
Historia del MOLIRENA
/ref>
References
{{Reflist
Nationalist parties in North America
Political parties established in 1953
Defunct political parties in Panama
Panamanian nationalism
Formerly banned political parties