The Orquesta Nacional de España (Spanish National Orchestra) is a symphonic orchestra that is based in
Madrid
Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...
, Spain.
History
Although the orchestra originated as of 1937, during the
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
, it was legally founded in 1940, by the merging of Pérez Casas' ''Filarmónica'' and the ''Orquesta Sinfónica'' of
Enrique Fernández Arbós
Enrique Fernández Arbós (24 December 1863 – 2 June 1939) was a Spanish violinist, composer and conductor who divided much of his career between Madrid and London. He originally made his name as a virtuoso violinist and later as one of Spain's ...
.
The first official concert of the newly founded orchestra was in March 1941 at the
Teatro María Guerrero
Teatro may refer to:
* Theatre
* Teatro (band)
Teatro, Italian for "theatre", is a vocal group signed to the Sony BMG music label. The members of Teatro are Jeremiah James, Andrew Alexander, Simon Bailey and Stephen Rahman-Hughes.
Band members ...
in Madrid conducted by eminent Portuguese conductor
Pedro de Freitas Branco
Pedro de Freitas Branco (1896 – 1963) was a Portuguese conductor and composer.
Life and career
Branco was born in Lisbon, and studied music with Tomás Vaz de Borba and Luís de Freitas Branco (his elder brother). He founded the Portuguese Op ...
(1896–1963). The principal conductors of these first years of the orchestra were
Ernesto Halffter
Ernesto Halffter Escriche (16 January 19055 July 1989) was a Spanish composer and conductor. He was the brother of Rodolfo Halffter and part of the ''Grupo de los Ocho'' ( en, Group of Eight), which formed a sub-set of the ''Generation of '27''. ...
, José María Franco,
Enrique Jordá
Enrique Jordá (March 24, 1911 – March 18, 1996) was a Spanish-American conductor. Born in San Sebastián (Guipúzcoa, Spain), later on he was a naturalized US citizen.
After conducting in Madrid, Cape Town and Antwerp, he was music direc ...
,
Eduard Toldrà
Eduard Toldrà Soler (; Vilanova i la Geltrú 7 April 1895 – Barcelona, 31 May 1962) was a Spanish Catalan composer and conductor.
Toldrà played an important role in the Culture of Barcelona. In 1944 he founded the Barcelona Symphony Orchestr ...
and
Jesús Arámbarri
Jesús Arámbarri Gárate (13 April 1902 in Bilbao – 11 July 1960 in Madrid) was a Spanish classical music conductor and composer native to the Basque Country.
Jesús Arámbarri has been classed among the cultural treasures of the region, with ...
, until the designation of the first principal conductor of the orchestra,
Bartolomé Pérez Casas Bartolomé may refer to:
Places
* Bartolomé Island (Spanish: Isla Bartolomé), a volcanic islet in the Galápagos Islands Group
* Isla Bartolomé, Diego Ramirez Islands, Chile
People
* Bartolomé Bermejo (c.1440–c.1501), Spanish painter
* Barto ...
. After his death the new principal conductor was
Ataúlfo Argenta
Ataúlfo Exuperio Martín de Argenta Maza (19 November 1913 – 20 January 1958) was a Spanish conductor and pianist.
Biography
Argenta was born in Castro Urdiales, Cantabria, one of the two children, and the only son, of the local stati ...
, who was in the orchestra from 1945 as the keyboard instruments player.
Principal conductors
*
Bartolomé Pérez Casas Bartolomé may refer to:
Places
* Bartolomé Island (Spanish: Isla Bartolomé), a volcanic islet in the Galápagos Islands Group
* Isla Bartolomé, Diego Ramirez Islands, Chile
People
* Bartolomé Bermejo (c.1440–c.1501), Spanish painter
* Barto ...
(1942–1947)
*
Ataúlfo Argenta
Ataúlfo Exuperio Martín de Argenta Maza (19 November 1913 – 20 January 1958) was a Spanish conductor and pianist.
Biography
Argenta was born in Castro Urdiales, Cantabria, one of the two children, and the only son, of the local stati ...
(1947–1958)
*
Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos
Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos (born Rafael Frühbeck; 15 September 1933 – 11 June 2014) was a Spanish conductor and composer. Frühbeck was born in Burgos, Spain to a family of German ancestry. He first took up conducting while on military serv ...
(1962–1978)
*
Antoni Ros-Marbà Antoni is a Catalan, Polish, and Slovene given name and a surname used in the eastern part of Spain, Poland and Slovenia. As a Catalan given name it is a variant of the male names Anton and Antonio. As a Polish given name it is a variant of the fem ...
(1978–1981)
*
Jesús López-Cobos
Jesus ( AD 30 or 33) was a Jewish preacher and religious leader who most Christians believe to be the incarnation of God and Muslims believe was a prophet.
Jesus may also refer to:
People
Religious figures
* Elymas Bar-Jesus, a Jew in the ''Ac ...
(1984–1989)
*
Aldo Ceccato
Aldo Ceccato (born 18 February 1934) is an Italian conductor.
Ceccato was born in Milan. He worked as assistant to Sergiu Celibidache and was music director of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra from 1973 until 1977. Then, from 1976 until 1982, he ...
(1991–1994)
*
Josep Pons
Josep Pons (born Josep Pons i Viladomat; 1957) is a Spanish conductor.
Biography
Pons was born in Puig-reig, Berguedà. He received his musical training at L'Escolania de Montserrat and continued his musical studies in Barcelona with such teac ...
(2003–2011)
*
David Afkham
David Afkham (born 1983) is a German conductor.
Biography
Born in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, Afkham began violin and piano studies at age 6. At age 15, he studied at the Hochschule für Musik Freiburg, where he was a piano student of James ...
(2014–)
See also
*
Madrid Symphony Orchestra
Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and ...
*
Community of Madrid Orchestra
The Community of Madrid Orchestra ( es, Orquesta de la Comunidad de Madrid), founded in 1987, is a symphony orchestra in Madrid, Spain. It is the resident orchestra at the Teatro de la Zarzuela in Madrid and performs its concert programs at the Aud ...
*
National Auditorium of Music
The Auditorio Nacional de Música (''National Auditorium of Music'') is a complex of concert venues located in Madrid, Spain and the main concert hall in the Madrid metropolitan area. It comprises two main concert rooms: a symphonic hall and a cham ...
*
RTVE Symphony Orchestra
The RTVE Symphony Orchestra (''Orquesta Sinfónica de Radio Televisión Española''), also known as the Spanish Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra is a Spanish radio orchestra servicing RTVE, the Spanish national broadcasting network.
The O ...
*
Queen Sofía Chamber Orchestra
The Queen Sofía Chamber Orchestra ( Orquesta de Cámara Reina Sofía in Spanish), founded in 1984, is a professional chamber orchestra based in Madrid, Spain.
History
The Orchestra’s first performance took place at the Teatro Real in 1984 ...
*
Teatro Real
The Teatro Real (Royal Theatre) is an opera house in Madrid, Spain. Located at the Plaza de Oriente, opposite the Royal Palace of Madrid, Royal Palace, and known colloquially as ''El Real'', it is considered the top institution of the performing a ...
*
Teatro Monumental
The Teatro Monumental (Monumental Theatre) is a concert hall in Madrid. The theatre, designed by Teodoro Anasagasti Algan, was built between 1922 and 1923 as a movie theatre (''Teatro Cinema Monumental'') and later was transformed to house concer ...
*
Zarzuela
() is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates between spoken and sung scenes, the latter incorporating operatic and popular songs, as well as dance. The etymology of the name is uncertain, but some propose it may derive from the name of ...
References
External links
HomepageArticle (in Spanish)
{{Authority control
Musical groups established in 1940
Spanish orchestras
Culture in Madrid
National orchestras
1940 establishments in Spain
Arts organizations established in 1940