The traditional music of
Jordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
has a long history. Rural
zajal
Zajal () is a traditional form of oral strophic poetry declaimed in a colloquial dialect. While there is little evidence of the exact origins of the zajal, the earliest recorded zajal poet was the poet Ibn Quzman of al-Andalus who lived from 1078 ...
songs, with improvised poetry played with a
mijwiz
The ''mijwiz'' ( ar, , DIN: ''miǧwiz'') is a traditional Middle East musical instrument popular in Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. Its name in Arabic means "dual," because of its consisting of two, short, bamboo pipes with reed tips p ...
,
tablah
The goblet drum (also chalice drum, tarabuka, tarabaki, darbuka, darabuka, derbake, debuka, doumbek, dumbec, dumbeg, dumbelek, toumperleki, tumbak, or zerbaghali; arz, دربوكة / Romanized: ) is a single-head membranophone with a goblet- ...
,
arghul
The ''arghul'' ( ar, أرغول or يرغول), also spelled ''argul'', ''arghoul'', ''arghool'', ''argol'', or ''yarghul'', is a musical instrument in the reed family. It has been used since ancient Egyptian times and is still used as a tradit ...
,
oud
, image=File:oud2.jpg
, image_capt=Syrian oud made by Abdo Nahat in 1921
, background=
, classification=
* String instruments
*Necked bowl lutes
, hornbostel_sachs=321.321-6
, hornbostel_sachs_desc=Composite chordophone sounded with a plectrum
, ...
,
rabab and
reed pipe
A reed pipe (also referred to as a ''lingual'' pipe) is an organ pipe that is sounded by a vibrating brass strip known as a ''reed''. Air under pressure (referred to as ''wind'') is directed towards the reed, which vibrates at a specific pitc ...
ensemble accompanying is popular. The transition of old cultural music into hit pop songs known worldwide
Recently, Jordan has seen the rise of several prominent DJs and popstars.
Traditional Jordanian musical instruments
Jordanian music has a lot of diversity and a range of components that makes it a well known and popular art. Over the centuries music has evolved and so did its instruments. Jordanian music comes with variety of instruments.
*
Flute
The flute is a family of classical music instrument in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, meaning they make sound by vibrating a column of air. However, unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is a reedless ...
\
reed pipe
A reed pipe (also referred to as a ''lingual'' pipe) is an organ pipe that is sounded by a vibrating brass strip known as a ''reed''. Air under pressure (referred to as ''wind'') is directed towards the reed, which vibrates at a specific pitc ...
known as ''Shababa''
*
Mijwiz
The ''mijwiz'' ( ar, , DIN: ''miǧwiz'') is a traditional Middle East musical instrument popular in Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. Its name in Arabic means "dual," because of its consisting of two, short, bamboo pipes with reed tips p ...
*
Arghul
The ''arghul'' ( ar, أرغول or يرغول), also spelled ''argul'', ''arghoul'', ''arghool'', ''argol'', or ''yarghul'', is a musical instrument in the reed family. It has been used since ancient Egyptian times and is still used as a tradit ...
known as ''Yarghul''
*
Oud
, image=File:oud2.jpg
, image_capt=Syrian oud made by Abdo Nahat in 1921
, background=
, classification=
* String instruments
*Necked bowl lutes
, hornbostel_sachs=321.321-6
, hornbostel_sachs_desc=Composite chordophone sounded with a plectrum
, ...
*
Tablah
The goblet drum (also chalice drum, tarabuka, tarabaki, darbuka, darabuka, derbake, debuka, doumbek, dumbec, dumbeg, dumbelek, toumperleki, tumbak, or zerbaghali; arz, دربوكة / Romanized: ) is a single-head membranophone with a goblet- ...
*
Rebab
The ''rebab'' ( ar, ربابة, ''rabāba'', variously spelled ''rebap'', ''rubob'', ''rebeb'', ''rababa'', ''rabeba'', ''robab'', ''rubab'', ''rebob'', etc) is the name of several related string instruments that independently spread via I ...
* Al-Mihbash
*
Bagpipes
Bagpipes are a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. The Great Highland bagpipes are well known, but people have played bagpipes for centuries throughout large parts of Europe, No ...
known as ''Gerbeh''
*
Riq
*
Daf
Daf ( fa, دف) also known as Dâyere and Riq is a Middle Eastern (mainly Iranian) frame drum musical instrument, used in popular and classical music in South and Central Asia. It is also used in Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Iran, Uzbe ...
*
Simsimiyya {{short description, Traditional Egyptian string instrument
The ''simsimiyya'' (Egyptian Arabic: سمسمية, and سنسمية ''sinsimia/sinsimiyya''; pl. ''simsimiyyāt/sinsimiyyāt'') is an indigenous Egyptian stringed instrument that has its ...
, found in the port city of
Aqaba
Aqaba (, also ; ar, العقبة, al-ʿAqaba, al-ʿAgaba, ) is the only coastal city in Jordan and the largest and most populous city on the Gulf of Aqaba. Situated in southernmost Jordan, Aqaba is the administrative centre of the Aqaba Govern ...
and the southern desert
Popular music
Generally there are two types of Jordanian music, all of which have unique platform and various tracks.
The cheer/fun/happy cultural songs and strong meaning patriotic songs. Over the years, New varieties of singers and composers have emerged to become very popular and well known.
Jordan’s music is a particularly fascinating insight, the music formed from the strong bedouin and sub Arabian area. It is full of diversity and variety of elements which creates a unique platform.
Jordanian bands and artists are taking a blend of Arab-western electronic pop to the world stage, Over the years, a New variety of singers and composers have emerged to become very popular and well known. Over the past decades artist such as Omar al Abdallat, Diana karazoon and others were the most popular among the mass audience, in mid 2000's indie bands such as
JadaL
JadaL ( en , Controversy) ( ar, جدل) is a Jordanian Arabic Rock band and music project from Amman, Jordan, formed in 2003 by Composer/Music Producer/Guitarist Mahmoud Radaideh, which has held various members over the years.
Biography
Jada ...
, Autostrad band and others has emerged and found fair amount of success amongst the youth in Jordan and the region. The musician and composer
Sameer Baghdadi
Samir (variantly spelled Sameer) is a male name found commonly in the Middle East, Central Asia and Europe. In Arabic, Samir () means holy, jovial, loyal or charming. In Albanian, it translates literally as “so good” but the connotation is clo ...
, the Bedouin singer
Omar Al-Abdallat (known for his
patriotic song "Hashemi, Hashemi"), Diana Karazon (winner of the Arab version of ''Pop Idol''),
Toni Qattan
Toni Qattan ( ar, طوني قطان; born 11 August 1985) is a Jordanian–Palestinian singer, songwriter, and producer. His musical talent was born to him, at the age of eight he began learning to play guitar in addition to piano. He then studi ...
and singer
Hani Mitwasi
Hani Mitwasi (Arabic: هاني متواسي, born 1983 in Kuwait City) is a Jordanian Palestinian singer-musician who is famous for singing in the ‘Spanish-Levant' music genre. After several years of following his passion of the Spanish and Fl ...
(the winner of the Jordan Awards 2010)
[Jordan Awards 2010] are perhaps Jordan's biggest stars.
[Badley and al Jundi, pg. 392] Other well-known Jordanian musicians are
Qamar Badwan Qamar (Arabic: قمر) is an Arabic name used both as a masculine and feminine, which means the "Moon", "natural satellite", "moonlight" - a broader meaning is "brighter by the light of the moon".
Qamar may refer to:
* Khalil-ur-Rehman Qamar
...
, who won the golden prize in the 2000
Cairo Song Festival
Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...
,
percussionist
A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater including attached or enclosed beaters or rattles struck, scraped or rubbed by hand or struck against another similar instrument. Ex ...
Hani Naser, and the
pianist
A pianist ( , ) is an individual musician who plays the piano. Since most forms of Western music can make use of the piano, pianists have a wide repertoire and a wide variety of styles to choose from, among them traditional classical music, ja ...
, and
composer
A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music.
Etymology and Defi ...
Khalid Asad.
A
new age
New Age is a range of spiritual or religious practices and beliefs which rapidly grew in Western society during the early 1970s. Its highly eclectic and unsystematic structure makes a precise definition difficult. Although many scholars conside ...
group called Rum has gained regional and international popularity since its inception in 1998. Rum is considered the most successful Jordanian musical group, and has gained a wide range of fans from all over the world. Rum has performed in
Tunisia
)
, image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg
, map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa
, image_map2 =
, capital = Tunis
, largest_city = capital
, ...
,
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...
,
Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
,
Palestine
__NOTOC__
Palestine may refer to:
* State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia
* Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia
* Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...
,
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
,
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
,
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
, the
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
,
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
, and the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
. A very important factor that contributed to Rum group's huge success is the fact that the group performs original compositions by Tareq al Nasser (the composer, founder and leader of the group), many of which were composed for Arabic TV drama series that gained wide popularity in the Arab world, including the TV drama series ''Nihayat Rajol Shuja'', ''Al Jawareh'' and ''Al Kawaser'', ''Al Malek Farouq'', ''Yawmeyyat Mudeer Amm'', and many others. The group performs instrumentals, songs, and rearranged Jordanian folklore. Rum group has represented Jordan in many international events, including at the
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts (formally known as the John F. Kennedy Memorial Center for the Performing Arts, and commonly referred to as the Kennedy Center) is the United States National Cultural Center, located on the Potom ...
in
Washington, D.C.
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
, in March 2009 as part of the "Arabesque .. Arts of the Arab world" festival in the United States.
In
Amman
Amman (; ar, عَمَّان, ' ; Ammonite language, Ammonite: 𐤓𐤁𐤕 𐤏𐤌𐤍 ''Rabat ʻAmān'') is the capital and largest city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political, and cultural center. With a population of 4,061,150 a ...
, the capital of Jordan, there has been a movement of
alternative music Alternative music may refer to the following types of music:
*Alternative rock
*Alternative pop
*Alternative R&B
*Neo soul, sometimes known as alternative soul
*Alternative reggaeton
*Alternative hip hop
*Alternative dance
*Alternative metal
*Chris ...
in the last two decades.
Rock
Rock most often refers to:
* Rock (geology), a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or mineraloids
* Rock music, a genre of popular music
Rock or Rocks may also refer to:
Places United Kingdom
* Rock, Caerphilly, a location in Wales ...
bands that mix western and eastern influences are becoming more popular. Rock and underground bands in the late 1990s and early 2000 such as Ethereal, sign of thyme and others were known for mixing oriental with rock or jazz music.
The alternative Jordanian music scene flourished with bands such as
JadaL
JadaL ( en , Controversy) ( ar, جدل) is a Jordanian Arabic Rock band and music project from Amman, Jordan, formed in 2003 by Composer/Music Producer/Guitarist Mahmoud Radaideh, which has held various members over the years.
Biography
Jada ...
(2003),
Autostrad (band)
ِAutostrad ( ar, أوتوستراد) is a Jordanian indie band from Amman, Jordan, formed in 2007. (2007),
Akher Zapheer
Akher Zapheer ( ar, أخِر زَفير meaning Last Exhale) is a Jordanian grunge Arabic rock band from Amman, Jordan, formed in late 2007. The band was founded by vocalist and guitarist Basem Sayej who has been the only constant member throug ...
(2007),
El Morabba3
El Morabba3 ( ar, المربّع meaning "The Square") is an Arabic rock band from Amman, Jordan, formed in 2009.
Biography
The Jordan-based group was formed in 2009 as an Arab rock band. In July 2012 they released their debut album, titled ''El ...
(2008),
Aziz Maraka
Aziz Maraka (Arabic: عزيز مرقة; born 22 June 1983), is a Jordanian composer, singer, performer, and producer. Maraka created a music style called "Razz", an Arabic Rock-Jazz fusion that garnered regional attention. He also released mater ...
, Yazan Haifawi and others reaching regional success and international recognition.
Arabic hip hop
Arabic hip-hop is a segment of hip hop music performed in the Arabic-speaking world. Due to variety of dialects and local genres which exist in the localities, Arabic hip-hop music may appear very diverse depending on the country of the song. L ...
and Arabic rap artists in Jordan have added to the musical scene. These artists includes names like
El Far3i
Tareq Abu Kwaik (Arabic: طارق ابو كويك), known by his stage name El Far3i (Arabic: الفرعي), is a rapper, singer, songwriter, and drummer. He is Palestinian-Jordanian, currently a member of the Shamstep band 47Soul, and was form ...
,
Amer Al Taher
Amer may refer to:
Places
* Amer (river), a river in the Dutch province of North Brabant
* Amer, Girona, a municipality in the province of Girona in Catalonia, Spain
* Amber, India (also known as Amer, India), former city of Rajasthan state
** Am ...
,
U-Seff Qasrawi,
Khotta Ba,
Torabyeh
Torabyeh ( ar, تُرابية) is a Jordanian rap band from Amman, Jordan, formed in 2009. They gained worldwide attention after Benjamin Netanyahu chose one of their songs in his Likud Party advertisement, which had infuriated the band as they ha ...
,
Arab Mc's and
Al Hevy.
Jordan also has an underground
heavy metal scene with bands such as
Tyrant Throne (
death metal
Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. It typically employs heavily distorted and low-tuned guitars, played with techniques such as palm muting and tremolo picking; deep growling vocals; aggressive, powerful drumming, feat ...
),
Relics of Martyrs (
thrash
Thrash may refer to:
*Thrashing (computer science), where increasing resources are used to do a decreasing amount of work
*Thrash (surname)
*Thrash, mascot of the Atlanta Thrashers
*''Thrash Rally'', a top-down perspective rally racing video game ...
/death metal),
Chalice of Doom (
doom
Doom is another name for damnation.
Doom may also refer to:
People
* Doom (professional wrestling), the tag team of Ron Simmons and Butch Reed
* Daniel Doom (born 1934), Belgian cyclist
* Debbie Doom (born 1963), American softball pitcher
* L ...
/death metal),
Bilocate
Bilocate is a dark Oriental metal band from Amman, Jordan, founded in 2002 by Ramzi Essayed, Waseem Essayed and Hani Al Abbadi. The band's style combines doom metal, death metal and black metal with Oriental elements.
History
The band was founde ...
(doom/death metal),
Esodic (thrash/death metal),
Eternal Insomnia
Eternal(s) or The Eternal may refer to:
* Eternity, an infinite amount of time, or a timeless state
* Immortality or eternal life
* God, the supreme being, creator deity, and principal object of faith in monotheism
Comics, film and television
* ...
(
melodic death metal
Melodic death metal (also referred to as melodeath) is a subgenre of death metal that employs highly melodic guitar riffs, often borrowing from traditional heavy metal (including New Wave of British Heavy Metal). The genre features the heavines ...
), and
Ajdath, who currently reside in
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
. Other bands, like
Augury
Augury is the practice from ancient Roman religion of interpreting omens from the observed behavior of birds. When the individual, known as the augur, interpreted these signs, it is referred to as "taking the auspices". "Auspices" (Latin ''aus ...
(
black metal
Black metal is an extreme metal, extreme subgenre of heavy metal music. Common traits include Tempo#Beats per minute, fast tempos, a Screaming (music)#Black metal, shrieking vocal style, heavily distorted Electric guitar, guitars played with t ...
) and
Darkcide (doom/death metal) had to stop due to lack of support or to band members leaving the country.
Some of the most important musicians in Jordan are the Faqir family, which extends back for more than 100 years. Jordan's western radio station,
Play 99.6, works towards exposing new local artists, including many western pop singers such as Humam Ammari,
Al'a Ayyoub, and Walid Karadsheh. And of various industries and music genres, the number of female musicians and composers of Jordanian nationality is growing. Some to mention are:
Ghiya RushidatHana MalhasRuba Saqr Sahar Khalifeh
Sahar Khalifeh ( ar, سحر خليفة) (born 1941) is a Palestinian writer. She has written eleven novels, which have been translated into English, French, Hebrew, German, Spanish, and many other languages. One of her best-known works is the nov ...
Suad Lakišić Bushnaq an
Zeina Azouqah
The thriving
indie rock
Indie rock is a Music subgenre, subgenre of rock music that originated in the United States, United Kingdom and New Zealand from the 1970s to the 1980s. Originally used to describe independent record labels, the term became associated with the mu ...
scene was achieved thanks to artists such as
Kais Khoury, Ibrahim Baggili, Hani Mitwasi and Yousef Kawar, as well as the Cowboys from Jordan, a band managed by Yousef Kawar. Other notable genres in Jordan are hip hop; which was popularized through DJ Shadia (Shadia Bseiso) through her regional radio show ''The 5th Element'', the only show in the Middle East to broadcast in three countries every week (Jordan, Lebanon and Syria) from 2005 to 2008. DJ Shadia had previously opened for global stars such as
Akon
Aliaune Damala Badara Akon Thiam (; born April 16, 1973), known mononymously as Akon, is a Senegalese-American singer, record producer, and entrepreneur. He rose to prominence in 2004 following the release of " Locked Up" (featuring Styles P) ...
,
50 Cent
Curtis James Jackson III (born July 6, 1975), known professionally as 50 Cent, is an American rapper, actor, and businessman. Born in the South Jamaica neighborhood of Queens, Jackson began pursuing a musical career in 2000, when he produced ...
,
Sean Paul
Sean Paul Ryan Francis Henriques OD (born 9 January 1973) is a Jamaican rapper and singer who is regarded as one of dancehall's most prolific artists.
Paul's singles "Get Busy" and "Temperature" topped the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart in the ...
and
Massari
Sari Abboud ( ar, ساري عبّود; born December 10, 1980), better known by his stage name Massari ( ), is a Lebanese Canadian R&B pop recording artist. His music combines Middle Eastern culture with western culture. He started his musical c ...
. Other popular hip hop artists include Last Standing Poet and MC
Niz-r.
Musician
Ahmed Radaydeh "RADAYDEH" is a professional Jordanain/Australian musician, composer, arranger and music educator. He is a guitar, cello and Oud player with over 20 years experience performing and teaching with international musicians like Andrea Bocelli from Italy and Moein from Persia. He has a Master of Music from Monash University/ Melbourne and performed and taught in Jordan, Switzerland, Australia, Dubai and Qatar.
In addition to his latest instrumental albums “INFERNO” & “HUMAN CONDITION” He recently released a new album that paradoxically titled "SENTIMENTAL RAGE" that was mastered by Soundpro studios in Switzerland. The album got approved by Virgin Megastore to be distributed all over the GCC and Falkreations Music (BMI) as the online distributor.
Radaydeh will continue his collaboration with some of the finest musicians around the world; as he is continuing with his music tours.
Latest album available on: https://www.amazon.com/Sentimental-Rage-K-Radaydeh/dp/B07CQMM6XK
Kais Khoury, Ibrahim Baggili, Hani Mitwasi and Yousef Kawar, as well as the Cowboys from Jordan, a band managed by Yousef Kawar. Other notable genres in Jordan are hip hop; which was popularized through DJ Shadia (Shadia Bseiso) through her regional radio show ''The 5th Element'', the only show in the Middle East to broadcast in three countries every week (Jordan, Lebanon and Syria) from 2005 to 2008. DJ Shadia had previously opened for global stars such as
Akon
Aliaune Damala Badara Akon Thiam (; born April 16, 1973), known mononymously as Akon, is a Senegalese-American singer, record producer, and entrepreneur. He rose to prominence in 2004 following the release of " Locked Up" (featuring Styles P) ...
,
50 Cent
Curtis James Jackson III (born July 6, 1975), known professionally as 50 Cent, is an American rapper, actor, and businessman. Born in the South Jamaica neighborhood of Queens, Jackson began pursuing a musical career in 2000, when he produced ...
,
Sean Paul
Sean Paul Ryan Francis Henriques OD (born 9 January 1973) is a Jamaican rapper and singer who is regarded as one of dancehall's most prolific artists.
Paul's singles "Get Busy" and "Temperature" topped the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart in the ...
and
Massari
Sari Abboud ( ar, ساري عبّود; born December 10, 1980), better known by his stage name Massari ( ), is a Lebanese Canadian R&B pop recording artist. His music combines Middle Eastern culture with western culture. He started his musical c ...
. Other popular hip hop artists include Last Standing Poet and MC
Niz-r.
As of recent times, Jordan's
electronic music
Electronic music is a genre of music that employs electronic musical instruments, digital instruments, or circuitry-based music technology in its creation. It includes both music made using electronic and electromechanical means ( electroac ...
scene is rising rapidly among the Jordanian youth, and house music has become a staple in the musical tastes in Jordan. Many raves and underground techno gatherings occur, and electronic music is currently reaching number one status among music genres in Jordan.
A classical composer
Zade Dirani
Zade Dirani (Arabic: زيد ديراني, born in 1980), is a Jordanian American pianist, composer, and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for the Middle East and North Africa, of Damascene descent, whose genre blending songs are inspired by Latin, p ...
, an internationally known composer and pianist, releasing his newest album named ''Mediterrani''.
See also
*
Tawfiq Al-Nimri
References
* Badley, Bill, and Zein al Jundi. "Europe Meets Asia". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), ''World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East'', pp 391–395. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books.
*
*
*
External links
Sakher Hattar's Music From Jordan Playlist on YoutubeBBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): The Bedouin.Accessed November 25, 2010.
BBC_Radio_3_Audio_(60_minutes):_Amman:_Ilham_Al_madfai,_BBC_Radio_3_Audio_(60_minutes):_Amman:_Ilham_Al_madfai,_Toni_Qattan_and_Shou_Al_Ayam.">Toni_Qattan">BBC_Radio_3_Audio_(60_minutes):_Amman:_Ilham_Al_madfai,_Toni_Qattan
_and_Shou_Al_Ayam.Accessed_November_25,_2010.
BBC_Radio_3_Audio_(60_minutes):_Jordan_–_Amman:_Ilham_Al_Madfai.
Accessed_November_25,_2010.
Jordanian_songs
JadaL_band
Kais_Khoury
.external'
JORavers.com
*_http://www.joravers.com
{{DEFAULTSORT:Music_Of_Jordan
Jordanian_music.html" "title="Toni_Qattan
_and_Shou_Al_Ayam..html" ;"title="Toni Qattan">BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Amman: Ilham Al madfai, Toni Qattan
and Shou Al Ayam.">Toni Qattan">BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Amman: Ilham Al madfai, Toni Qattan
and Shou Al Ayam.Accessed November 25, 2010.
BBC Radio 3 Audio (60 minutes): Jordan – Amman: Ilham Al Madfai.
Accessed November 25, 2010.
Jordanian songs
JadaL band
Kais Khoury
.external'
JORavers.com
* http://www.joravers.com
{{DEFAULTSORT:Music Of Jordan
Jordanian music">Jordanian music The traditional music of Jordan has a long history. Rural zajal songs, with improvised poetry played with a mijwiz, tablah, arghul, oud, rabab and reed pipe ensemble accompanying is popular. The transition of old cultural music into hit pop songs k ...
Jordanian culture
Asian music
Arabic music