Miron Naumovich Sher (russian: Мирон Наумович Шер; June 29, 1952 – August 20, 2020) was a Soviet-born American chess player, who was awarded the title of Grandmaster (GM) by
FIDE
The International Chess Federation or World Chess Federation, commonly referred to by its French acronym FIDE ( Fédération Internationale des Échecs), is an international organization based in Switzerland that connects the various national c ...
in 1992. Towards the end of the Soviet era, he began winning the open sections at international tournaments. In 1991, when the Soviet Union dissolved, Sher became a Russian citizen. In 1997, Sher, his wife, Woman Grandmaster (WGM) Alla Grinfeld (ru), and their son, Mikhail, who then was 14, emigrated to
America
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
and settled in Brooklyn. Sher went on to become a distinguished scholastic chess coach and clinician in
New York
New York most commonly refers to:
* New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York
* New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States
New York may also refer to:
Film and television
* '' ...
and was instrumental in developing several internationally strong players, notably Fabiano Caruana, many times number two in the world, and Robert Hess, who at age , while attending
Stuyvesant High School
Stuyvesant High School (pronounced ), commonly referred to among its students as Stuy (pronounced ), is a State school, public university-preparatory school, college-preparatory, Specialized high schools in New York City, specialized high school ...
Sher was born in Chernivtsi, Ukraine, and completed his bachelor's degree at Chernivtsi University. He went on to grad school at the State Central Order of Lenin Institute of Physical Education in Moscow;{{sfn, Linovitsky, Evgeny Pavlovich, ''Russian State University, Moscow, 75{{sup, th Anniversary Yearbook,'', 1993, pp=309–316 and, in 1975, in addition to his academics, Sher met the norms and was awarded the national title and rank Master of Sports of the USSR in Chess(ru) – one of twenty-five nationwide to earn the distinction that year (not to be confused with an academic master's degree in Sports).{{sfn, Karpov, Anatoly E. (ed.), ''Russian Chess Encyclopedia and Biographical Dictionary,'', 1990, pp=235, col. 2, bottom (233–236){{sfn, Chess Programs at Russian State University in Moscow} Sher's wife, WGM Alla Grinfeld (see Family section below) won the title, Master of Sports of the USSR in Chess, a year earlier. She was one of three women, nationwide, to win the distinction in 1974. Over the prior nineteen years – from 1950, when the distinction was first conferred upon women, through 1973 – only 56 women had won the title.
Sher's tournament successes include a shared 1{{sup, st place at the 1981 USSR Armed Forces Championship(ru) for chess in Mykolaiv{{sfn, Russian Chess Federation, June 29,, 2020 and a shared 3{{sup, rd place at the semifinals of the Soviet Championship that same year. In that tournament, Arkady Novopashin (1932–2014) (ru) was 2{{sup, nd and WGMMaia Chiburdanidze, age {{age, 1961, 01, 17, 1981, 06, 06 at the time, tied GM Vladimir Tukmakov for 1{{sup, st.
GM
Adrian Mikhalchishin
Adrian Bohdanovych Mikhalchishin (also Mihalcisin, Mihalčišin or Mykhalchyshyn, uk, Адріян Богданович Михальчишин, born November 18, 1954) is a Ukrainian chess grandmaster now playing for Slovenia. Education: Lviv Un ...
, also from the Ukraine who had known Sher since childhood, stated that Sher had been a student of Anatoly Gurevich and that he never got to play on the Ukrainian youth team despite his talent because he was competing for spots with future GMs Alexander Beliavsky, Oleg Romanishin, and others.{{sfn, Doggers, Peter, "GM Miron Sher, 1952–2020" (obituary), August 23,, 2015
In 1981, Sher became a chess coach for the Russian national team, a role he held until 1985. According to Mikhalchishin, "Miron was known for his great
opening
Opening may refer to:
* Al-Fatiha, "The Opening", the first chapter of the Qur'an
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* Backgammon opening
* Chess opening
* A title sequence or opening credits
* , a term from contract bridge
* , ...
knowledge, which helped him to become great trainer."
In 1986, at the Belavenets Memorial, held annually in Smolensk since 1984 in honor of Sergey Belavenets, Sher shared 1{{sup, st in a four-way tie with
Alexander Baburin
Alexander Evgenyevich Baburin (, ''Aleksandr Yevgen'yevich Baburin''; born 19 February 1967) is a Russian-Irish grandmaster of chess. He was born in Gorky, and has been living in Dublin, Ireland since 1993. He is editor-in-chief of the e-mail d ...
(born 1967), Anatoly Donchenko (de) (born 1940), and Viktor Kuporosov (born 1961), each with 8-{{frac, 1, 2 points.{{sfn, Karpov, Anatoly E. (ed.), ''Russian Chess Encyclopedia and Biographical Dictionary,'', 1990, p=31
Beginning 1987, when the USSR began relaxing international travel restrictions for Soviet citizens, Sher began to achieve international success. That year, in Prague, Sher placed 2{{sup, nd in a three-way tie. In June 1988, at Novi Sad, Serbia, Sher placed in a seven-way tie for 3{{sup, rd with Arshak Petrosian, Semen Dvoirys, Vladimir Petrienko, Nikolay Legky (ru), and Rajko Miranovic; behind Vereslav Eingorn and
Ashot Anastasian
Ashot Anastasian ( hy, Աշոտ Անաստասյան; 10 July 1964 – 26 December 2016) was an Armenian chess Grandmaster. He won two team bronze medals and one individual gold medal at Chess Olympiads. On the March 2011 FIDE list, he had an ...
(tied for 2{{sup, nd), and Vladimir Bagirov (1{{sup, st). In 1989, at Eforie Nord, Romania, he placed 2{{sup, nd in a five-way tie. In 1989, he won outright an international tournament at
Balatonberény
Balatonberény is a village in Somogy county, Hungary, with a popular nudist beach. The country village had a population of 1,200 in 2011.
The settlement is part of the Balatonboglár wine region.
History General history
A late Bronze Age ceme ...
Maxim Sorokin Maxim Sorokin (22 January 1968 – 30 June 2007) was a Russian chess Grandmaster (1992). In 1998–2002 he played for Argentina.
In 2004 he tied for first with Saidali Iuldachev in the Murzagaliev Memorial in Uralsk, Kazakhstan. In 2007 he coached ...
Raj Tischbierek
Raj Tischbierek (born 24 September 1962) is a German chess Grandmaster (GM, 1990) who two times won East Germany Chess Championship (1987, 1990).
Life
Raj Tischbierek was introduced to chess by his father, who taught him when he was five ye ...
,
Henrik Danielsen
Henrik Danielsen (born 23 January 1966) is a Danish-Icelandic chess grandmaster. He was Icelandic Chess Champion in 2009.
Chess career
Born in 1966, Danielsen earned his grandmaster title in 1996. In 1993, he finished joint first in the Poli ...
international master
FIDE titles are awarded by the international chess governing body FIDE (''Fédération Internationale des Échecs'') for outstanding performance. The highest such title is Grandmaster (GM). Titles generally require a combination of Elo rating and ...
in 1988{{sfn, Karpov, Anatoly E. (ed.), ''Russian Chess Encyclopedia and Biographical Dictionary,'', 1990, pp=616–617 and a grandmaster in 1992.{{sfn, Di Felice, Gino,, 2017, p=299
Beginning 1990, after several visits to Scandinavia, Sher began coaching Peter Heine Nielsen in Copenhagen, which was 45 minutes by plane from Kaliningrad. Every three months, for four years, Sher traveled there to spend a week with Nielsen. According to Sher, they finished in 1994, after Nielsen became a grandmaster, but their relationship endured. In 2013, Nielsen joined the team of assistants who helped Magnus Carlsen prepare for the 2013 Candidates Tournament World Championship. Before that, Nielsen was on Viswanathan Anand's team. While working with Magnus, Nielsen turned to Sher for coaching advice. {{sfn, Макарычевы, Марина и Сергей, December 23, 2011 As of 2020, Nielsen is second in the world behind World Champion GM Magnus Carlsen.{{sfn, Doggers, Peter, "GM Miron Sher, 1952–2020" (obituary), August 23,, 2015
In New York, Sher coached in several
scholastic chess
Scholastic may refer to:
* a philosopher or theologian in the tradition of scholasticism
* ''Scholastic'' (Notre Dame publication)
* Scholastic Corporation, an American publishing company of educational materials
* Scholastic Building, in New Y ...
programs, including, for many years, the Dalton School, whose chess director, David MacEnulty, is portrayed in the 2005 film, ''
Knights of the South Bronx
''Knights of the South Bronx'' is a 2005 American drama television film directed by Allen Hughes and written by Jamal Joseph and Dianne Houston. Based on a true story, it stars Ted Danson as a teacher who helps students at a tough South Bronx ...
.'' Other scholastic programs included IS 318, subject of the 2012 film, ''
Brooklyn Castle
''Brooklyn Castle'' (2012 in film, 2012) is a documentary film about Intermediate School 318, an inner-city public school in Brooklyn, New York. Where an after-school chess program, having both dedicated educators and a supportive community, has t ...
,'' and
Stuyvesant High School
Stuyvesant High School (pronounced ), commonly referred to among its students as Stuy (pronounced ), is a State school, public university-preparatory school, college-preparatory, Specialized high schools in New York City, specialized high school ...
.
Sher coached GM Fabiano Caruana from age 8 to 12 – 2000 to 2004. According to a 2002 article in the '' Lincoln Journal Star,'' Caruana's weekly regimen – with no mention of school – consisted of roughly 28 hours training, 5 one-hour lessons with Sher, 4 hours playing on the Internet Chess Club site, 15 hours of tournament competition, and 4 hours of solving chess problems. Caruana, as a dual citizen of the U.S. and Italy, holds many distinctions in chess. Notably, at age 14, he became the youngest U.S. and Italian citizen to become a grandmaster. But before that, while Sher was coaching him, he became the youngest U.S. player to defeat a grandmaster. On September 30, 2002, at the Marshall Chess Club, Caruana, at age {{age, 1992, 07, 30, 2002, 09, 30, defeated GM Aleksander Wojtkiewicz, who then was {{age, 1963, 01, 15, 2002, 09, 30 and ranked eighth in the U.S.{{sfn, O'Connor-Kiewra, ''Lincoln Journal Star,'' October 21,, 2002
In 2005, Caruana, with his family, moved to Madrid where he trained with Boris Zlotnik(ru) until 2015. Zlotnik had worked 16 years in the Chess Department of Sher's ''alma mater,'' the State Central Order of Lenin Institute of Physical Education. Grigory Goldberg(ru) (1908–1976) founding Director of the Chess Department had hired Zlotnik as a Senior Lecturer in 1975; and from 1985 to 1991, Zlotnik served as Director of the department. In 1992, Zlotnik emigrated to Spain and settled in The Pyrenees and Madrid and became a Spanish citizen.
Beginning around 1999, while living in New York, Sher began training Keaton Kiewra, a {{age, 1987, 07, 13, 1999, 09, 01-year-old from Lincoln, Nebraska. Sher had been highly recommended by David MacEnulty and
Bruce Pandolfini
Bruce Pandolfini (born September 17, 1947) is an American chess author, teacher, and coach. A USCF national master, he is generally considered to be America's most experienced chess teacher.
In 1983, Pandolfini was the chess consultant to auth ...
. Sher mentored Kiewra through high school, in chess camps and by phone – two hours a week.{{sfn, Root, Alexey, ''ChessBase,'' October 14,, 2016 At age {{age, 1987, 07, 13, 2011, 01, 09 – January 8, 2011 – Kiewra qualified as an international master at the Berkeley International, a tournament that marked a rare week for U.S. Chess, if ever, in which four Americans, Kiewra included, earned qualifying titles: Sam Shankland, 19, grandmaster; Daniel Naroditsky, 15, and Conrad Holt, 17, international masters. In that tournament, Kiewra defeated GM Robert Hess.{{sfn, McClain, Dylan Loeb, ''New York Times,'' January 9,, 2011
Sher also coached Darrian Robinson (born 1994),{{sfn, Shahade, Jennifer, U.S. Chess Federation, August 26,, 2006 who, when the '' Chicago Tribune'' published an article about her in 2014, was the highest rated African American female chess player in the
U.S. Chess Federation
The United States Chess Federation (also known as US Chess or USCF) is the governing body for chess competition in the United States and represents the U.S. in FIDE, the World Chess Federation. US Chess administers the official national rating s ...
system.{{sfn, Reynolds, Jessica, ''Chicago Tribune,'' July 20,, 2014
In 2009, the World Chess Federation established a Trainers' Commission, who in turn established criteria for certified FIDE educator credentials: (i) FIDE Senior Trainer, (ii)
FIDE Trainer
FIDE titles are awarded by the international chess governing body FIDE (''Fédération Internationale des Échecs'') for outstanding performance. The highest such title is Grandmaster (GM). Titles generally require a combination of Elo rating and ...
, (iii)
FIDE Instructor
FIDE titles are awarded by the international chess governing body FIDE (''Fédération Internationale des Échecs'') for outstanding performance. The highest such title is Grandmaster (GM). Titles generally require a combination of Elo rating and ...
, (iv) National Instructor, and (v) Developmental Instructor. Sher, who was among several distinguished coaches who disapproved, commented, "I don't need this piece of paper from
FIDE
The International Chess Federation or World Chess Federation, commonly referred to by its French acronym FIDE ( Fédération Internationale des Échecs), is an international organization based in Switzerland that connects the various national c ...
to be considered a good coach." Yet, Sher submitted an application because GM Yuri Razuvaev, a fellow Russian who was chairman of the commission, asked him to do so. Reflecting on the rationale of his decision, Sher stated, "if only not good coaches were on the list, it would not be good."{{sfn, McClain, Dylan Loeb, ''New York Times,'' February 9,, 2008 Sher became a FIDE Senior Trainer.
Family
Sher and his wife, Alla Berkovna Grinfeld (ru) (russian: Алла Берковна Гринфельд), a Woman Grandmaster,{{sfn, Di Felice, Gino,, 2017, p=118{{sfn, "Grinfeld, Alla Berkovna", ''Sport Strana''} met while Sher was studying in
Voronezh, Russia
Voronezh ( rus, links=no, Воро́неж, p=vɐˈronʲɪʂ}) is a city and the administrative centre of Voronezh Oblast in southwestern Russia straddling the Voronezh River, located from where it flows into the Don River (Russia), Don River. ...
.{{sfn, Макарычевы, Марина и Сергей, December 23, 2011 Alla is a distinguished scholastic chess educator in New York and worked closely with Miron in chess education. Alla was born in Spassk-Dalny, Primorsky Krai, Russia.
Sher had stated that the impetus for emigrating from Russia in 1997 was out of concern that his son, Mikhail, would be drafted in the Russian military. Mikhail, who began his U.S. education in the 9{{sup, th grade, has gone on to earn degrees at Carnegie Mellon ( B.S. Mathematics/B.S. Economics, 2005),
Columbia
Columbia may refer to:
* Columbia (personification), the historical female national personification of the United States, and a poetic name for America
Places North America Natural features
* Columbia Plateau, a geologic and geographic region in ...
supply chain management
In commerce, supply chain management (SCM) is the management of the flow of goods and services including all processes that transform raw materials into final products between businesses and locations. This can include the movement and stor ...
.
Death
Sher died August 21, 2020, in New York City.{{sfn, "GM Miron Sher (1952–2020)" (obituary), U.S. Chess Federation, August 21,, 2020 He was buried August 23, 2020, at Mount Carmel Cemetery,
Glendale Glendale is the anglicised version of the Gaelic Gleann Dail, which means ''valley of fertile, low-lying arable land''.
It may refer to:
Places Australia
* Glendale, New South Wales
** Stockland Glendale, a shopping centre
*Glendale, Queensland, ...
. In an obituary for Sher published by the
U.S. Chess Federation
The United States Chess Federation (also known as US Chess or USCF) is the governing body for chess competition in the United States and represents the U.S. in FIDE, the World Chess Federation. US Chess administers the official national rating s ...
, GM Robert Hess stated that Sher had been his one and only coach.{{sfn, "GM Miron Sher (1952–2020)" (obituary), U.S. Chess Federation, August 21,, 2020
Politiken Cup The Xtracon Chess Open (formerly the Politiken Cup) is an international chess tournament and the main feature event of the annual Copenhagen Chess Festival.
History
Organized by the Copenhagen Chess Federation (KSU), it was originally set up to giv ...
Artur Kogan
Artur Kogan (born 29 January 1974, in Chernivtsi, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian–born Israeli chess grandmaster.
Kogan emigrated from Ukraine to Israel when he was two years old and spent more than 20 years in Israel. He currently resides in T ...
Teen Kids News
''Teen Kids News'' (initially titled ''EKN Worldwide Kids News'', alternately abbreviated on-air as ''TKN'' since 2012 and previously known as ''Kids News'') is an American educational newsmagazine series aimed at adolescents between the ages of ...
* ''Trends in the Czech and Schmid Benoni,'' Vol. 2 (pamphlet; 34 pages), by Miron Sher (Kaliningrad); London: Trends Publications, owned by IM Andrew David Martin(de) of Sandhurst (February 1996); {{OCLC, 38019205, 770662474; {{ISBN, 1859320597; {{ISBN, 9781859320594
:: Part 1: Black played by Czech Benoni
:: Part 2: King's Indian Benoni
:: Part 3: Schmid Benoni and Modern Benoni
::: "I present you with the 100 most important games in these openings during the period 1992–95 inclusive."
::: Includes games by Topalov, Lautier,
Miles
The mile, sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles, is a British imperial unit and United States customary unit of distance; both are based on the older English unit of length equal to 5,280 English ...
Wells
Wells most commonly refers to:
* Wells, Somerset, a cathedral city in Somerset, England
* Well, an excavation or structure created in the ground
* Wells (name)
Wells may also refer to:
Places Canada
*Wells, British Columbia
England
* Wells ...
Schneider
Schneider may refer to:
Hospital
* Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel
People
* Schneider (surname)
Companies and organizations
* G. Schneider & Sohn, a Bavarian brewery company
* Schneider Rundfunkwerke AG, the former owner of th ...
{{reflist, group=lower-alpha, 50em, refs=
Holders of the title "Master of Chess" are often referred to as "Soviet Chess Masters." In slang, a province (or what then was a province) is optionally added, such as "Soviet Ukrainian Chess Master" or in the post-Soviet era, simply the country such as "Russian Chess Master." It is a national rank and title. The Master of Chess designation was established nationally for men in 1934 – and for women in 1950. From 1934 through 1987, the USSR conferred 1,061 Master of Sport in Chess titles – 904 to men and 157 to women. Not to be confused with an academic degree, the Master of Chess program at Sher's alma mater was founded in 1966 as a chess specialization program under the direction of Grigory Abramovich Goldberg (ru). In 1974, the specialization program was upgraded to the Chess Department – the first chess grad school program in history. (Dvoretsky, 2012, p. 51)
Notes
{{reflist, 30em
References
{{refbegin, 30em, indent=yes
* {{cite news , ref={{SfnRef, Byrne, Robert, ''New York Times,'' November 22,, 1981 , last1=Byrne , first1=Robert , date=November 22, 1981 , title=How To Lose at Chess – And a War of Nerves , url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1981/11/22/issue.html , work= New York Times , volume=131 , issue=45,140 , page=10E , access-date=August 26, 2020 , url-access=subscription , author1-link=Robert Byrne (chess player)
* {{cite web , ref={{SfnRef, Chess Programs at Russian State University in Moscow} , url=http://press.sportedu.ru/item/kuda-uvel-yazyk-shakhmat-vypusknikov-rgufksmit-gtsolifk-6-istorii-k-pyatidesyatiletiyu-kafedry , title=Куда увел язык шахмат выпускников РГУФКСМиТ-ГЦОЛИФК: 6 историй к пятидесятилетию кафедры , publisher=
, location= Moscow , language=ru , trans-title=Graduates of Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and Tourism Masters Chess Program – Where Did the International Language of Chess Take Them? Six Storys on the 50{{sup, th Anniversary of the Program , access-date=August 29, 2020 , postscript={{space, 1(article not dated). Contributors:
{{Hanging indent , text=Alexander N. Kostiev, PhD (Александр Н. Костиев), Russia (1970 alumnus)
Victor Antonovich Bologan
Victor (Viorel) Bologan (born 14 December 1971) is a Moldovan chess player and author. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1991.
Career
Bologan won the first two editions of the Poikovsky Karpov International Tournament, in 20 ...
Anastasia Sergeevna Savina
Anastasia Savina (born March 18, 1992) is a Russian chess player. She was awarded the titles International Master and Woman Grandmaster by FIDE.
Career
Savina qualified for the Women's World Chess Championship 2016 (knock-out). She played ...
(Анастасия Сергеевна Савина), France (2015 alumna)
* {{cite journal , ref={{SfnRef, Debatin, Hopp, Vialle, Ziegler,, 2015, last1=Debatin , first1=Tobias, last2=Hopp , first2=Wilma, last3=Vialle , first3=Wilma, author4-link=Albert Ziegler , last4=Ziegler , first4=Albert, date=2015 , title=Why Experts Can Do What They Do: The Effects of Exogenous Resources on the Domain Impact Level of Activities (DILA) , url=https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2872&context=sspapers&usg=AOvVaw1atCEzGf27ZUe74bAas1SV/ , journal=Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling , volume=57 , issue=1 , pages=94–110 , issn=2190-0507 , oclc=964111213 , via= University of Wollongong {{ProQuest, 1670114001
* {{cite book , ref={{SfnRef, Di Felice, Gino,, 2017 , last1=Di Felice , first1=Gino (born 1955) (compiler) , year=2017 , title=Chess International Titleholders, 1950–2016 , url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dBHDwAAQBAJ&q=sher+miron+naumovich&pg=PA299 , publisher=
McFarland & Company
McFarland & Company, Inc., is an American independent book publisher based in Jefferson, North Carolina, that specializes in academic and reference works, as well as general-interest adult nonfiction. Its president is Rhonda Herman. Its former ...
Chess.com
Chess.com is an internet chess server, news website and social networking website. The site has a freemium model in which some features are available for free, and others are available for accounts with subscriptions. Live online chess can be pla ...
, access-date=August 24, 2020
* {{cite book , ref={{SfnRef, Dvoretsky, Mark,, 2012 , pp=51 , last1=Dvoretsky , first1=Mark Izrailovich , author-link1=Mark Izrailovich Dvoretsky , year=2012 , chapter=Институт Физкультуры: Тренер-Почасовик , trans-chapter=Institute of Physical Culture: Hourly Trainer , chapter-url=https://64ab.ru/chitat-shakhmatnye-knigi/32-m-dvoretskij-kiga-dlya-druzej-i-kolleg-tom1-professiya-trener/524-5-institut-fizkultury , editor1-last=Барский (Barsky) , editor1-first=Владимир Леонидович (Vladimir Leonidovich) (ru) , title=Книга Для Друзей И Коллег , trans-title=A Book for Friends and Colleagues , location=Moscow , publisher=Андрей Ельков ndrey Elkov, page=51 , isbn=9785990235250 , oclc=808348716 , access-date=September 3, 2020
Note: the author states that the Chess Department founded in 1966 by Grigory Goldberg at the State Central Institute of Physical Culture of the Order of Lenin was (inferring from a translation) the first comprehensive academic chess program in higher education in the world. (publisher link – {{URL, http://elkov.ru, Андрей Ельков)
* {{cite encyclopedia , ref={{SfnRef, Karpov, Anatoly E. (ed.), ''Russian Chess Encyclopedia and Biographical Dictionary,'', 1990, editor-last=Karpov , editor-first=Anatoly Yevgenyevich , editor-link=Anatoly Karpov , encyclopedia=Шахматы: Энциклопедический Словарь (Russian Chess Encyclopedia and Biographical Dictionary) , title=Шер Мирон Наумович , trans-title=Sher, Miron Naumovich , url=http://www.pseudology.org/chtivo/ChessEnciclopedia1990a.pdf , language=ru , date=1990 , publisher= Great Soviet Encyclopedia , location= Moscow , isbn=5852700053 , oclc=606026618 , pages=31 & 616–617
* {{cite book , ref={{SfnRef, Linovitsky, Evgeny Pavlovich, ''Russian State University, Moscow, 75{{sup, th Anniversary Yearbook,'', 1993, pp=309–316 , last1=Линовицкий (Linovitsky) , first1=Евгений Павлович (Evgeny Pavlovich), Chairman of the Chess Department , date=1993 , chapter=КАФЕДРЕ ШАХМАТ – ДЕСЯТЬ ЛЕТ , trans-chapter= Chess Chair – Ten Years , chapter-url=http://lib.sportedu.ru/GetText.idc?TxtID=149 , title=Труды Ученых ГЦОЛИФКа – 75 Лет: Ежегодник , trans-title= Works of Scientist of the
– 75{{sup, th Anniversary: Yearbook , url=http://lib.sportedu.ru/Texts.idc?DocID=79791 , url-status= , url-access= , format=digital online , type= , series= , language=Russian , volume= , edition= , location= Moscow , publisher= , publication-date= , pages=309–316 Note: Linovitsky, the author, was head of the Chess Department from 1990 to 2010.
* {{cite news , ref={{SfnRef, McClain, Dylan Loeb, ''New York Times,'' March 18,, 2007 , last1=McClain , first1=Dylan Loeb , date=March 18, 2007 , title=American Players Are on a Roll, Especially One 15-Year-Old , url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/18/crosswords/chess/18chess.html/ , work= New York Times , access-date=August 24, 2020 , url-access=subscription
* {{cite news , ref={{SfnRef, McClain, Dylan Loeb, ''New York Times,'' February 9,, 2008 , last1=McClain , first1=Dylan Loeb , date=February 9, 2008 , title=FIDE Unveils New Titles to Mixed Reactions , url=https://gambit.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/09/a-piece-of-the-action/ , work= New York Times , access-date=August 24, 2020 , url-access=subscription {{ProQuest, 2222623844 (U.S. Newsstream database).
* {{cite news , ref={{SfnRef, McClain, Dylan Loeb, ''New York Times,'' January 9,, 2011 , last1=McClain , first1=Dylan Loeb , date=January 9, 2011 , title=America Has a New Chess Grandmaster and Three New International Masters , url=https://gambit.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/01/09/america-has-a-new-grandmaster-and-three-new-international-masters/ , work= New York Times , access-date=August 24, 2020 , url-access=subscription
* {{cite news , ref={{SfnRef, Макарычевы, Марина и Сергей, December 23, 2011 , last1=Макарычевы , first1=Марина , last2=Макарычевы , first2=Сергей , date=December 23, 2011 , title=Американские шахматные истории , language=ru, trans-title="American Chess Stories" (interview with Miron Sher) , url=https://www.ng.ru/kolonki/2011-12-23/10_sher.html , work= Nezavisimaya Gazeta , location= Moscow , access-date=August 24, 2020
* {{cite news , ref={{SfnRef, O'Connor-Kiewra, ''Lincoln Journal Star,'' October 21,, 2002 , last1=O'Connor , first1=Tom , last2=Kiewra , first2=Kenneth Anthony, PhD , date=October 21, 2002 , title=Chess Wunderkind, 10, Beats Grand Master , url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/247989911 , work= Lincoln Journal Star , page=2D , issn=1084-5283 , id={{ProQuest, 247989911 , via= ProQuest , url-access=subscription
* {{Cite news , ref={{SfnRef, Reynolds, Jessica, ''Chicago Tribune,'' July 20,, 2014 , last1=Reynolds , first1=Jessica , date=July 20, 2014 , title=Remarkable Women – Darrian Robinson: Chess Is Only Part of the University of Chicago Student's Winning Approach to Life , url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1546082890 , work= Chicago Tribune, issn=1085-6706 , access-date=August 27, 2020, id={{ProQuest, 1546082890 , url-access=subscription {{ProQuest, 1546082890.
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Russian Chess Federation
The Chess Federation of Russia (), known until 2018 as the Russian Chess Federation, () is the governing body for chess in Russia, and the officially recognized arm of the FIDE in Russia. It was founded on 15 February 1992, following the dissolut ...