The miracles of Jesus are
miraculous deeds attributed to
Jesus
Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label= Hebrew/ Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religiou ...
in
Christian and
Islamic texts. The majority are
faith healing
Faith healing is the practice of prayer and gestures (such as laying on of hands) that are believed by some to elicit divine intervention in spiritual and physical healing, especially the Christian practice. Believers assert that the healing ...
s,
exorcism
Exorcism () is the religious or spiritual practice of evicting demons, jinns, or other malevolent spiritual entities from a person, or an area, that is believed to be possessed. Depending on the spiritual beliefs of the exorcist, this may be ...
s,
resurrection
Resurrection or anastasis is the concept of coming back to life after death. In a number of religions, a dying-and-rising god is a deity which dies and is resurrected. Reincarnation is a similar process hypothesized by other religions, whic ...
s, and control over
nature
Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physical world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science. Although humans are ...
.
In the
Synoptic Gospels (
Mark
Mark may refer to:
Currency
* Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark, the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
* East German mark, the currency of the German Democratic Republic
* Estonian mark, the currency of Estonia between 1918 and 1927
* F ...
,
Matthew, and
Luke), Jesus refuses to give a miraculous sign to prove his authority. In the
Gospel of John
The Gospel of John ( grc, Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ἰωάννην, translit=Euangélion katà Iōánnēn) is the fourth of the four canonical gospels. It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven "sig ...
, Jesus is said to have performed
seven miraculous signs that characterize his ministry, from
changing water into wine at the start of his ministry to
raising Lazarus from the dead at the end.
[ Harris, Stephen L., Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985. "John" pp. 302–310]
For many Christians and
Muslims, the miracles are actual historical events.
[Gary R. Habermas, 1996 ''The historical Jesus: ancient evidence for the life of Christ'' p. 60] Others, including many
liberal Christians, consider these stories to be figurative. Since the
Enlightenment, many scholars have taken a highly skeptical approach to claims about miracles.
Types and motives
In most cases, Christian authors associate each miracle with specific teachings that reflect the message of Jesus.
In ''The Miracles of Jesus'', H. Van der Loos describes two main categories of miracles attributed to Jesus: those that affected people, e.g.,
the Blind Man of Bethsaida
The Blind Man of Bethsaida is the subject of one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels. It is found only in Mark 8:22-26.''The Miracles of Jesus'' by Craig Blomberg, David Wenham 2003 page 419 The exact location of Bethsaida in this pericope i ...
and are called "healings", and those that "controlled nature", e.g.,
Walking on Water. The three types of healings are ''cures'' where an ailment is cured, ''exorcisms'' where demons are cast away and the ''resurrection of the dead''. Karl Barth said that, among these miracles, the
Transfiguration of Jesus
In the New Testament, the Transfiguration of Jesus is an event where Jesus is transfigured and becomes radiant in glory upon a mountain. The Synoptic Gospels (, , ) describe it, and the Second Epistle of Peter also refers to it ().
In these ...
is unique in that the miracle happens to Jesus himself.
According to
Craig Blomberg
Craig L. Blomberg (born August 3, 1955) is an American New Testament scholar. He is currently a Distinguished Professor of the New Testament at Denver Seminary in Colorado where he has been since 1986. His area of academic expertise is the New ...
, one characteristic shared among all miracles of Jesus in the Gospel accounts is that he delivered benefits freely and never requested or accepted any form of payment for his healing miracles, unlike some high priests of his time who charged those who were healed.
In
Matthew 10:8 he advised his disciples to heal the sick without payment and stated: "freely ye received, freely give."
[''The Miracles of Jesus'' by Craig Blomberg, David Wenham 1986 p. 197]
It is not always clear when two reported miracles refer to the same event. For example, in the
healing the centurion's servant
Healing the centurion's servant is one of the miracles performed by Jesus of Nazareth as related in the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke (both part of the Christian biblical canon). The story is not recounted in the Gospels of either John ...
, the Gospels of Matthew and Luke narrate how Jesus healed the servant of a
centurion in
Capernaum
Capernaum ( ; he, כְּפַר נַחוּם, Kfar Naḥum, Nahum's village; ar, كفر ناحوم, Kafr Nāḥūm) was a fishing village established during the time of the Hasmoneans, located on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee. It ...
at a distance. The
Gospel of John
The Gospel of John ( grc, Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ἰωάννην, translit=Euangélion katà Iōánnēn) is the fourth of the four canonical gospels. It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven "sig ...
has a similar but slightly different account at Capernaum, and states that it was the son of a royal official who was cured at a distance.
Cures
The largest group of miracles mentioned in the
New Testament
The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Chri ...
involves cures. The Gospels give varying amounts of detail for each episode, sometimes Jesus cures simply by saying a few words, at other times, he employs material such as spit and mud.
Blind people
The canonical Gospels tell a number of stories of
Jesus
Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label= Hebrew/ Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religiou ...
healing blind people. The earliest is a story of the healing of a
blind man in Bethsaida in the
Gospel of Mark.
Mark's Gospel also has an account of the healing of a man named
Bartimaeus, done as Jesus is leaving Jericho. The
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel of Matthew), or simply Matthew. It is most commonly abbreviated as "Matt." is the first book of the New Testament of the Bible and one of the three synoptic Gospels. It tells how Israel's Messiah, Jesus, comes to his people and form ...
has a simpler account loosely based on this, with two unnamed blind men instead of one (this 'doubling' is a characteristic of Matthew's treatment of the Mark text) and a slightly different version of the story, taking place
in Galilee, earlier in the narrative. The
Gospel of Luke
The Gospel of Luke), or simply Luke (which is also its most common form of abbreviation). tells of the origins, birth, ministry, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ. Together with the Acts of the Apostles, it makes up a two-vol ...
tells the same story of Jesus healing an unnamed blind man, but moves the event in the narrative to when Jesus approaches Jericho.
The
Gospel of John
The Gospel of John ( grc, Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ἰωάννην, translit=Euangélion katà Iōánnēn) is the fourth of the four canonical gospels. It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven "sig ...
describes an episode in which Jesus
heals a man blind from birth, placed during the
Festival of Tabernacles, about six months before his crucifixion. Jesus mixes spittle with dirt to make a mud mixture, which he then places on the man's eyes. He instructs the man to wash his eyes in the
Pool of Siloam
The term Pool of Siloam ( ar, بركه سلوان, he, בריכת השילוח, ''Breikhat HaShiloah'') ( gr, Σιλωάμ) refers to a number of Rock-cut architecture, rock-cut pools on the southern slope of the City of David (Silwan), Wadi Hilw ...
. When the man does this, he is able to see. When asked by his disciples whether the cause of the blindness was the sins of the man's father or his mother, Jesus states that it was neither.
Lepers
A story in which
Jesus cures a leper appears in , and . Having cured the man, he instructs him to offer the requisite ritual sacrifices as prescribed by the
Deuteronomic Code
The Deuteronomic Code is the name given by academics to the law code set out in chapters 12 to 26 of the Book of Deuteronomy in the Hebrew Bible. The code outlines a special relationship between the Israelites and Yahweh and provides instruction ...
and
Priestly Code
The Priestly Code (in Hebrew ''Torat Kohanim'', תורת כהנים) is the name given, by academia,The book of Leviticus: composition and reception - Page 55 Rolf Rendtorff, Robert A. Kugler, Sarah Smith Bartel - 2003 "Research agrees that its r ...
, and not to tell anyone who had healed him; but the man disobeyed, increasing Jesus' fame, and thereafter Jesus withdrew to ''deserted places'', but was followed there.
In an
episode
An episode is a narrative unit within a larger dramatic work or documentary production, such as a series intended for radio, television or streaming consumption.
The noun ''episode'' is derived from the Greek term ''epeisodion'' (), meaning th ...
in the Gospel of Luke , while on his way to
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
, Jesus sends ten lepers who sought his assistance to the priests, and they were healed as they go, but the only one who comes back to thank Jesus is a
Samaritan.
Paralytics
Healing the paralytic at Capernaum appears in
Matthew 9:1–
8, and . The Synoptics state that a paralytic was brought to Jesus on a mat; Jesus told him to ''get up and walk'', and the man did so. Jesus also told the man that his sins were forgiven, which irritated the Pharisees. Jesus is described as responding to the anger by asking whether it is easier to say that someone's sins are forgiven, or to tell the man to ''get up and walk''. Mark and Luke state that Jesus was in a house at the time, and that the man had to be lowered through the roof by his friends due to the crowds blocking the door.
A similar cure is described in the Gospel of John as the
healing the paralytic at Bethesda
The Healing of a paralytic at Pool of Bethesda, Bethesda is one of the miraculous healings miracles of Jesus in the Gospels, attributed to Jesus in the New Testament.
This event is recounted only in the Gospel of John, which says that it took pla ...
and occurs at the
Pool of Bethesda
The Pool of Bethesda is a pool in Jerusalem known from the New Testament account of Jesus miraculously healing a paralysed man, from the fifth chapter of the Gospel of John, where it is described as being near the Sheep Gate, surrounded by f ...
. In this cure Jesus also tells the man to take his mat and walk.
Women
The
cure of a bleeding woman
Jesus healing the bleeding woman (or "woman with an issue of blood" and other variants) is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels, miracles of Jesus recorded in the synoptic gospels (, , ).
__TOC__
Context
In the Gospel accounts, this mir ...
miracle appears in , and , along with the miracle of the
Daughter of Jairus. The Gospels state that while heading to Jairus' house Jesus was approached by a woman who had been bleeding for 12 years, and that she touched Jesus' cloak (
fringes of his garment) and was instantly healed. Jesus turned about and, when the woman came forward, said "Daughter, your faith has healed you, go in peace".
Healing the mother of Peter's wife
The healing of the mother of Peter's wife is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels, reported in , , and .
Narrative
In the Gospels of Mark and Luke, this episode takes place after Jesus had been preaching at the synagogue of Capernaum. ...
. The Synoptics describe Jesus as healing the mother-in-law of
Simon Peter
) (Simeon, Simon)
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Bethsaida, Gaulanitis, Syria, Roman Empire
, death_date = Between AD 64–68
, death_place = probably Vatican Hill, Rome, Italia, Roman Empire
, parents = John (or Jonah; Jona)
, occupation ...
when he visited Simon's house in
Capernaum
Capernaum ( ; he, כְּפַר נַחוּם, Kfar Naḥum, Nahum's village; ar, كفر ناحوم, Kafr Nāḥūm) was a fishing village established during the time of the Hasmoneans, located on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee. It ...
, around the time of Jesus
recruiting Simon as an Apostle (Mark has it just after the calling of Simon, while Luke has it just before). The Synoptics imply that this led other people to seek out Jesus.
Jesus healing an infirm woman
Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious ...
appears in . While teaching in a synagogue on a Sabbath, Jesus cured a woman who had been crippled by a spirit for eighteen years and could not stand straight at all.
Other healing
The healing of a
man with dropsy is described in . In this miracle, Jesus cured a man with
dropsy
Edema, also spelled oedema, and also known as fluid retention, dropsy, hydropsy and swelling, is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue. Most commonly, the legs or arms are affected. Symptoms may include skin which feels tight, the area ma ...
at the house of a prominent Pharisee on the Sabbath. Jesus justified the cure by asking: "If one of you has a child or an ox that falls into a well on the Sabbath day, will you not immediately pull it out?"
In the
healing of the man with a withered hand miracle, the Synoptics state that Jesus entered a
synagogue on
Sabbath, and found a man with a ''withered'' hand there, whom Jesus healed, having first challenged the people present to decide what was lawful for Sabbath—''to do good or to do evil, to save life or to kill''. The Gospel of Mark adds that this angered the
Pharisees so much that they started to contemplate killing Jesus.
The miraculous
healing the deaf mute of Decapolis only appears in the Gospel of Mark. The Gospel states that Jesus went to the
Decapolis
The Decapolis (Greek: grc, Δεκάπολις, Dekápolis, Ten Cities, label=none) was a group of ten Hellenistic cities on the eastern frontier of the Roman Empire in the Southern Levant in the first centuries BCE and CE. They formed a group ...
and met a man there who was deaf and mute, and cured him. Specifically, Jesus first touched the man's ears, and touched his tongue after spitting, and then said
Ephphatha!, an
Aramaic
The Aramaic languages, short Aramaic ( syc, ܐܪܡܝܐ, Arāmāyā; oar, 𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀; arc, 𐡀𐡓𐡌𐡉𐡀; tmr, אֲרָמִית), are a language family containing many varieties (languages and dialects) that originated in ...
word meaning ''Be opened.''
The
healing of Malchus was Christ's final miracle before his resurrection.
Simon Peter
) (Simeon, Simon)
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Bethsaida, Gaulanitis, Syria, Roman Empire
, death_date = Between AD 64–68
, death_place = probably Vatican Hill, Rome, Italia, Roman Empire
, parents = John (or Jonah; Jona)
, occupation ...
had cut off the ear of the High Priest's servant, Malchus, during the scene in the
Garden of Gethsemane
Gethsemane () is a garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem where, according to the four Gospels of the New Testament, Jesus underwent the agony in the garden and was arrested before his crucifixion. It is a place of great reson ...
. Jesus restored the ear by touching it with his hand.
Other
The miraculous
healing of a centurion's servant is reported in and . These two Gospels narrate how Jesus healed the servant of a
centurion in
Capernaum
Capernaum ( ; he, כְּפַר נַחוּם, Kfar Naḥum, Nahum's village; ar, كفر ناحوم, Kafr Nāḥūm) was a fishing village established during the time of the Hasmoneans, located on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee. It ...
. has a similar account at Capernaum, but states that it was
the son of a royal official who was healed. In both cases the healing took place at a distance.
Jesus healing in the land of Gennesaret appears in and . As Jesus passes through
Gennesaret
Kinneret () is the name of an important Bronze and Iron Age city situated on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee, mentioned in the 14th century BC Aqhat Epic of Ugarit, and in the Old Testament and New Testament. Older Bible translations ...
all those who touch his cloak are healed.
also reports that after the miracle of
Jesus exorcising a mute, Jesus went through all the towns and villages, teaching in their synagogues, proclaiming the good news of the kingdom and healing every disease and sickness.
Exorcisms
According to the three
Synoptic Gospels, Jesus performed many
exorcism
Exorcism () is the religious or spiritual practice of evicting demons, jinns, or other malevolent spiritual entities from a person, or an area, that is believed to be possessed. Depending on the spiritual beliefs of the exorcist, this may be ...
s of
demoniacs. These incidents are not mentioned in the
Gospel of John
The Gospel of John ( grc, Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ἰωάννην, translit=Euangélion katà Iōánnēn) is the fourth of the four canonical gospels. It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven "sig ...
and appear to have been excluded due to theological considerations.
The seven major exorcism accounts in the Synoptic Gospels which have details, and imply specific teachings, are:
*
Exorcism at the Synagogue in Capernaum, where Jesus exorcises an evil spirit who cries out, "What do you want with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are—the Holy One of God!".
*
Exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac or "Miracle of the (Gadarene) Swine": Jesus exorcises a possessed man (changed in the Gospel of Matthew to two men). When Jesus asks the demon's name (finding the name of the possessing demon was an important traditional tool of exorcists),
[Craig S. Keener, ''A Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew'' (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1999) p. 282.] he is given the reply
Legion
Legion may refer to:
Military
* Roman legion, the basic military unit of the ancient Roman army
* Spanish Legion, an elite military unit within the Spanish Army
* Legion of the United States, a reorganization of the United States Army from 179 ...
, "...for we are many". When the demons asked to be expelled into a nearby group of pigs rather than be sent out of the area, Jesus obliges, but the pigs then run into the lake and are drowned.
*
Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter
The Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels and is recounted in the Gospel of Mark in Chapter 7 () and in the Gospel of Matthew in Chapter 15 (). In Matthew, the story is recounted as the h ...
, appears in Matthew 15:21–28 and Mark 7:24–30.
A Gentile woman asks Jesus to heal her daughter, but Jesus refuses, saying that he has been sent only to "the lost sheep of the house of Israel". The woman persists, saying that "dogs eat of the crumbs which fall from their masters' table". In response Jesus relents and informs her that her daughter has been healed.
*
Exorcising the blind and mute man
Exorcising the blind and mute man is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels.
It appears in Matthew 12:22- 32, Luke 11:14-23 and Mark 3:20-30.
According to the Gospels, Jesus healed a demon-possessed man who was blind and mute, so that h ...
, appears in , , and . Jesus heals a demon-possessed man who was blind and mute. People are astonished and ask, "Could this be the Son of David?"
*
Exorcising a boy possessed by a demon
The exorcism of a boy possessed by a demon, or a boy with a mute spirit, is one of the miracles attributed to Jesus reported in the synoptic Gospels, involving the healing of a demonically possessed boy through exorcism. The account appears first ...
, appears in , , and . A boy possessed by a demon is brought forward to Jesus. The boy is said to have foamed at the mouth, gnashed his teeth, become rigid and involuntarily fallen into both water and fire. Jesus' followers could not expel the demon, and Jesus condemns the people as unbelieving, but when the father of the boy questions if Jesus could heal the boy, he replies "everything is possible for those that believe". The father then says that he believes and the child is healed.
* The miracle of
Jesus exorcising at sunset appears in the Synoptic Gospels just after
healing the mother of Peter's wife
The healing of the mother of Peter's wife is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels, reported in , , and .
Narrative
In the Gospels of Mark and Luke, this episode takes place after Jesus had been preaching at the synagogue of Capernaum. ...
, in , and . In this miracle Jesus heals people and cast out demons.
* The miracle of
Jesus exorcising a mute appears in immediately following the account of the miracle of
Jesus healing two blind men
Jesus healing two blind men is a miracles of Jesus in the Gospels, miracle attributed to Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew.
The Gospel of Matthew (New International Commentary on the New Testament) by R. T. France (Jul 27, 2007) page 365 It follo ...
. A man who is demon-possessed and could not talk is brought to Jesus, who exorcises the demon, and the man is able to speak.
There are also brief mentions of other exorcisms, e.g.:
* Jesus had cast seven devils out of
Mary Magdalene. (, )
* Jesus continued to cast out devils even though
Herod Antipas wanted to kill him. ()
Resurrection of the dead
All four
canonical gospels describe the
resurrection of Jesus
The resurrection of Jesus ( grc-x-biblical, ἀνάστασις τοῦ Ἰησοῦ) is the Christian belief that God raised Jesus on the third day after his crucifixion, starting – or restoring – his exalted life as Christ and Lo ...
; three of them also relate a separate occasion on which Jesus calls a dead person back to life:
*
Daughter of Jairus. Jairus, a major patron of a
synagogue, asks Jesus to heal his daughter, but while Jesus is on the way, Jairus is told his daughter has died. Jesus tells him she was only sleeping, and wakes her with the words
Talitha kum!
*
The Young Man from Nain
The raising of the son of the widow of Nain (or Naim) is an account of a miracle by Jesus, recorded in the Gospel of Luke chapter 7. Jesus arrived at the village of Nain during the burial ceremony of the son of a widow, and raised the young man f ...
. A young man, the son of a widow, is brought out for burial in Nain. Jesus sees her, and his pity causes him to tell her not to
cry
Crying is the dropping of tears (or welling of tears in the eyes) in response to an emotional state, or pain. Emotions that can lead to crying include sadness, anger, and even happiness. The act of crying has been defined as "a complex secreto ...
. Jesus approaches the coffin and tells the man inside to get up, and he does so.
* The
Raising of Lazarus
Lazarus of Bethany (Latinised from Lazar, ultimately from Hebrew Eleazar, "God helped"), also venerated as Righteous Lazarus, the Four-Days Dead in the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the subject of a prominent sign of Jesus in the Gospel of John, ...
. A close friend of Jesus who had been dead for four days is brought back to life when Jesus commands him to get up.
Control over nature
The Gospels include eight pre-resurrection accounts concerning Jesus' power over nature:
*
Turning water into wine at a wedding, when the host runs out of wine, the host's servants fill vessels with water at Jesus' command, then a sample is drawn out and taken to the master of the banquet who pronounces the content of the vessels as the best wine of the banquet.
* The
miraculous catch of fish
The miraculous catch of fish, or more traditionally the miraculous draught of fish(es), is either of two events commonly (but not universally) considered to be miracles in the canonical gospels. The miracles are reported as taking place years apa ...
takes place early in Jesus's ministry and results in
Saint Peter
) (Simeon, Simon)
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Bethsaida, Gaulanitis, Syria, Roman Empire
, death_date = Between AD 64–68
, death_place = probably Vatican Hill, Rome, Italia, Roman Empire
, parents = John (or Jonah; Jona)
, occupat ...
,
Saint Andrew,
James, son of Zebedee
James the Great, also known as James, son of Zebedee, Saint James the Great, Saint James the Greater, Saint James the Elder, or Saint Jacob (Aramaic ܝܥܩܘܒ ܒܪ ܙܒܕܝ, Arabic يعقوب, Hebrew בן זבדי , '' Yaʿăqōḇ'', Latin '' ...
and
John the Apostle
John the Apostle ( grc, Ἰωάννης; la, Ioannes ; Ge'ez: ዮሐንስ;) or Saint John the Beloved was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Generally listed as the youngest apostle, he was the son of Zebede ...
joining Jesus as his apostles.
*
Feeding the multitude
In Christianity, the feeding the multitude is two separate miracles of Jesus reported in the Gospels.
The first miracle, the "Feeding of the 5,000", is the only miracle—aside from the resurrection—recorded in all four gospels ( Matthew 14:13 ...
Jesus, praying to God and using only five loaves of bread and two fish, feeds thousands of men, along with an unspecified number of women and children; there are even a number of baskets of leftovers afterward.
*
Walking on waterJesus walks on water.
*
Calming the stormduring a storm, the disciples woke Jesus, and he rebuked the storm causing it to become calm. Jesus then rebukes the disciples for lack of faith.
* Finding a
coin in the fish's mouth
The coin in the fish's mouth is one of the miracles of Jesus, recounted in the Gospel of .
Biblical account
In Matthew's account, in Capernaum the collectors of the two-drachma temple tax ask Peter whether Jesus does not pay the tax, and Peter ...
is reported in Matthew 17:24–27.
*
Cursing the fig treeJesus cursed a fig tree, and it withered.
Post-resurrection miracles attributed to Jesus are also recorded in the Gospels:
* A miracle similar to the miraculous catch of fish, also called the
catch of 153 fish to distinguish it from the account in Luke, is reported in the
Gospel of John
The Gospel of John ( grc, Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ἰωάννην, translit=Euangélion katà Iōánnēn) is the fourth of the four canonical gospels. It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven "sig ...
but takes place after the
Resurrection of Jesus
The resurrection of Jesus ( grc-x-biblical, ἀνάστασις τοῦ Ἰησοῦ) is the Christian belief that God raised Jesus on the third day after his crucifixion, starting – or restoring – his exalted life as Christ and Lo ...
.
List of miracles found outside the New Testament
''The Book of Mormon''
![Christ in the Land Bountiful](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Christ_in_the_Land_Bountiful.jpg)
''
The Book of Mormon
The Book of Mormon is a religious text of the Latter Day Saint movement, which, according to Latter Day Saint theology, contains writings of ancient prophets who lived on the American continent from 600 BC to AD 421 and during an interlude dat ...
'', one of the religious texts of
the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon Church, is a nontrinitarian Christian church that considers itself to be the restoration of the original church founded by Jesus Christ. The ch ...
, records multiple miracles performed by Jesus. Sometime shortly after his
Ascension, ''The Book of Mormon'' records that Jesus miraculously descends from Heaven and greets a large group of people who immediately bow down to him. Jesus invites them to "Arise and come forth unto me, that ye may thrust your hands into my side, and also that ye may feel the prints of the nails in my hands and in my feet, that ye may know that I am the God of Israel, and the God of the whole earth, and have been slain for the sins of the world."
3 Nephi 11:8–17'
In addition to descending from Heaven, other miracles of Jesus found in ''The Book of Mormon'' include:
* Healing the "lame, or blind, or halt, or maimed, or leprous, or that are withered, or that are deaf, or that are afflicted in any manner..
3 Nephi 17:7–10* Providing bread and wine as emblems of his sacrifice and death to the multitude when neither had been brough
3 Nephi 20:3–7* Changing the nature of three of his called twelve disciples in The Book of Mormon so that they could live until his
Second Coming
The Second Coming (sometimes called the Second Advent or the Parousia) is a Christian (as well as Islamic and Baha'i) belief that Jesus will return again after his ascension to heaven about two thousand years ago. The idea is based on messian ...
and the other nine that they would live until the age of 72 and be taken "up to his kingdom"
3 Nephi 28:1–23
Infancy Gospels
Accounts of Jesus performing miracles are also found outside the New Testament. Later, 2nd century texts, called
Infancy Gospels, narrate Jesus performing miracles during his childhood.
Miracles performed by Jesus are mentioned in two sections of the
Quran
The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters (pl.: , s ...
(suras 3:49 and 5:110) in broad strokes with little detail or comment.
Setting and interpretations
Cultural background
Miracles were widely believed in
around the time of Jesus. Gods and
demigod
A demigod or demigoddess is a part-human and part-divine offspring of a deity and a human, or a human or non-human creature that is accorded divine status after death, or someone who has attained the "divine spark" ( spiritual enlightenment). A ...
s such as
Heracles
Heracles ( ; grc-gre, Ἡρακλῆς, , glory/fame of Hera), born Alcaeus (, ''Alkaios'') or Alcides (, ''Alkeidēs''), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, and the foster son of Amphitryon.By his adoptiv ...
(better known by his Roman name,
Hercules
Hercules (, ) is the Roman equivalent of the Greek divine hero Heracles, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmena. In classical mythology, Hercules is famous for his strength and for his numerous far-ranging adventures.
The Romans adapted the ...
),
Asclepius
Asclepius (; grc-gre, Ἀσκληπιός ''Asklēpiós'' ; la, Aesculapius) is a hero and god of medicine in ancient Greek religion and mythology. He is the son of Apollo and Coronis, or Arsinoe, or of Apollo alone. Asclepius represe ...
(a Greek physician who became a god) and
Isis
Isis (; ''Ēse''; ; Meroitic: ''Wos'' 'a''or ''Wusa''; Phoenician: 𐤀𐤎, romanized: ʾs) was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kin ...
of Egypt all were thought to have healed the sick and overcome death (i.e. have raised people from the dead).
Some thought that mortal men, if sufficiently famous and virtuous, could do likewise; there were myths about philosophers like
Pythagoras
Pythagoras of Samos ( grc, Πυθαγόρας ὁ Σάμιος, Pythagóras ho Sámios, Pythagoras the Samian, or simply ; in Ionian Greek; ) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His politi ...
and
Empedocles
Empedocles (; grc-gre, Ἐμπεδοκλῆς; , 444–443 BC) was a Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a native citizen of Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily. Empedocles' philosophy is best known for originating the cosmogonic theory of the ...
calming storms at sea, chasing away pestilences, and being greeted as gods,
[ and similarly some Jews believed that Elisha the Prophet had cured lepers and restored the dead.][ The achievements of the 1st century ]Apollonius of Tyana
Apollonius of Tyana ( grc, Ἀπολλώνιος ὁ Τυανεύς; c. 3 BC – c. 97 AD) was a Greek Neopythagorean philosopher from the town of Tyana in the Roman province of Cappadocia in Anatolia. He is the subject of '' ...
, though occurring after Jesus' life, were used by a 3rd-century opponent of the Christians to argue that Christ was neither original nor divine (Eusebius of Caesaria
Eusebius of Caesarea (; grc-gre, Εὐσέβιος ; 260/265 – 30 May 339), also known as Eusebius Pamphilus (from the grc-gre, Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμφίλου), was a Greek historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian ...
argued against the charge).
The first Gospels were written against this background of Hellenistic
In Classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in ...
and Jewish belief in miracles and other wondrous acts as signs—the term is explicitly used in the Gospel of John
The Gospel of John ( grc, Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ἰωάννην, translit=Euangélion katà Iōánnēn) is the fourth of the four canonical gospels. It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven "sig ...
to describe Jesus' miracles—seen to be validating the credentials of divine wise men.
Traditional Christian interpretation
Many Christians believe Jesus' miracles were historical events and that his miraculous works were an important part of his life, attesting to his divinity and the Hypostatic union
''Hypostatic union'' (from the Greek: ''hypóstasis'', "sediment, foundation, substance, subsistence") is a technical term in Christian theology employed in mainstream Christology to describe the union of Christ's humanity and divinity in one h ...
, i.e., the dual natures of Jesus as God and Man. They see Jesus' experiences of hunger, weariness, and death as evidences of his humanity, and miracles as evidences of his divinity.
Christian authors also view the miracles of Jesus not merely as acts of power and omnipotence, but as works of love and mercy, performed not with a view to awe by omnipotence, but to show compassion for sinful and suffering humanity. And each miracle involves specific teachings.
Since according to the Gospel of John
The Gospel of John ( grc, Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ἰωάννην, translit=Euangélion katà Iōánnēn) is the fourth of the four canonical gospels. It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven "sig ...
, it was impossible to narrate all of the miracles performed by Jesus, the Catholic Encyclopedia
The ''Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church'' (also referred to as the ''Old Catholic Encyclopedia'' and the ''Original Catholic Encyclopedia'') i ...
states that the miracles presented in the Gospels were selected for a twofold reason: first for the manifestation of God's glory, and then for their evidential value. Jesus referred to his "works" as evidences of his mission and his divinity, and in he declared that his miracles have greater evidential value than the testimony of John the Baptist
John the Baptist or , , or , ;Wetterau, Bruce. ''World history''. New York: Henry Holt and Company. 1994. syc, ܝܘܿܚܲܢܵܢ ܡܲܥܡܕ݂ܵܢܵܐ, Yoḥanān Maʿmḏānā; he, יוחנן המטביל, Yohanān HaMatbil; la, Ioannes Bapti ...
. quotes Jesus as follows:
Do not believe me unless I do what my Father does. But if I do it, even though you do not believe me, believe the miracles, that you may know and understand that the Father is in me, and I in the Father.
In Christian teachings, the miracles were as much a vehicle for Jesus' message as his words. Many emphasize the importance of faith, for instance in cleansing ten lepers
Jesus' cleansing of ten lepers is one of the miracles of Jesus reported in the Gospels (Gospel of Luke ).
Narrative
Ten lepers, seeing Jesus, "raised their voices and said, “Jesus, Master, have mercy on us!” Jesus healed all ten, telling th ...
, Jesus did not say: "My power has saved you," but said:
Rise and go; your faith has saved you.
Similarly, in the miracle of walking on water, Apostle Peter
An apostle (), in its literal sense, is an emissary, from Ancient Greek ἀπόστολος (''apóstolos''), literally "one who is sent off", from the verb ἀποστέλλειν (''apostéllein''), "to send off". The purpose of such sending ...
learns an important lesson about faith in that as his faith wavers, he begins to sink.
Christian authors have discussed the miracles of Jesus at length and assigned specific motives to each miracle, e.g., authors Pentecost and Danilson suggest that the miracle of walking on water centered on the relationship of Jesus with his apostles, rather than their peril or the miracle itself. And that the miracle was specifically designed by Jesus to teach the apostles that when encountering obstacles, they need to rely on their faith in Christ, first and foremost.
Authors Donahue and Harrington argue that the Daughter of Jairus miracle teaches that faith, as embodied in the bleeding woman, can exist in seemingly hopeless situations, and that through belief, healing can be achieved, in that when the woman is healed, Jesus tells her "Your faith has healed you."
Liberal Christianity
Liberal Christians place less emphasis on miraculous events associated with the life of Jesus than on his teachings. The effort to remove superstitious elements from Christian faith dates to intellectual reformist
Reformism is a political doctrine advocating the reform of an existing system or institution instead of its abolition and replacement.
Within the socialist movement, reformism is the view that gradual changes through existing institutions can ...
Christians such as Erasmus
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (; ; English: Erasmus of Rotterdam or Erasmus;''Erasmus'' was his baptismal name, given after St. Erasmus of Formiae. ''Desiderius'' was an adopted additional name, which he used from 1496. The ''Roterodamus'' w ...
and the Deists
Deism ( or ; derived from the Latin ''deus'', meaning " god") is the philosophical position and rationalistic theology that generally rejects revelation as a source of divine knowledge, and asserts that empirical reason and observation of ...
in the 15th–17th centuries. In the 19th century, self-identified liberal Christians sought to elevate Jesus' humane teachings as a standard for a world civilization
A civilization (or civilisation) is any complex society characterized by the development of a state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond natural spoken language (namely, a writing system).
...
freed from cultic traditions and traces of pagan belief in the supernatural. The debate over whether a belief in miracles was mere superstition or essential to accepting the divinity of Christ
In Christianity, Christology (from the Greek grc, Χριστός, Khristós, label=none and grc, -λογία, -logia, label=none), translated literally from Greek as "the study of Christ", is a branch of theology that concerns Jesus. Differ ...
constituted a crisis within the 19th-century church, for which theological compromises were sought.
Attempts to account for miracles through scientific or rational explanation were mocked even at the turn of the 19th–20th century. A belief in the authenticity of miracles was one of five tests established in 1910 by the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America
The Presbyterian Church in the United States of America (PCUSA) was the first national Presbyterian denomination in the United States, existing from 1789 to 1958. In that year, the PCUSA merged with the United Presbyterian Church of North Americ ...
to distinguish true believers from what they saw as false professors of faith such as "educated, 'liberal' Christians."
Contemporary liberal Christians may prefer to read Jesus' miracles as metaphor
A metaphor is a figure of speech that, for rhetorical effect, directly refers to one thing by mentioning another. It may provide (or obscure) clarity or identify hidden similarities between two different ideas. Metaphors are often compared wi ...
ical narratives for understanding the power of God. Not all theologians with liberal inclinations reject the possibility of miracles, but may reject the polemic
Polemic () is contentious rhetoric intended to support a specific position by forthright claims and to undermine the opposing position. The practice of such argumentation is called ''polemics'', which are seen in arguments on controversial topic ...
ism that denial or affirmation entails.
Non-religious views
The Scottish philosopher David Hume
David Hume (; born David Home; 7 May 1711 NS (26 April 1711 OS) – 25 August 1776) Cranston, Maurice, and Thomas Edmund Jessop. 2020 999br>David Hume" ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved 18 May 2020. was a Scottish Enlightenment phil ...
published an influential essay on miracles in his '' An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding'' (1748) in which he argued that any evidence for miracles was outweighed by the possibility that those who described them were deceiving themselves or others:
As the violations of truth are more common in the testimony concerning religious miracles, than in that concerning any other matter of fact; this must diminish very much the authority of the former testimony, and make us form a general resolution, never to lend any attention to it, with whatever specious pretence it may be covered.
Historian Will Durant
William James Durant (; November 5, 1885 – November 7, 1981) was an American writer, historian, and philosopher. He became best known for his work '' The Story of Civilization'', which contains 11 volumes and details the history of eastern a ...
attributes Jesus' miracles to "the natural result of suggestion—of the influence of a strong and confident spirit upon impressionable souls; similar phenomena may be observed any week at Lourdes."
Scholarly views
New Testament scholar Bart Ehrman
Bart Denton Ehrman (born 1955) is an American New Testament scholar focusing on textual criticism of the New Testament, the historical Jesus, and the origins and development of early Christianity. He has written and edited 30 books, including t ...
argues that what makes science possible is the assumption of the uniformity of the laws of nature, but given that miracles are by definition events that go against the usual way nature works, historians are virtually unable to confirm or refute reports of Jesus' miracles.[ Ehrman, Bart D. Jesus, Interrupted, HarperCollins, 2009. p. 175: "We would call a miracle an event that violates the way nature always, or almost always, works ... By now I hope you can see the unavoidable problem historians have with miracles. Historians can establish only what probably happened in the past, but miracles, by their very nature, are always the least probable explanation for what happened"]
According to the Jesus Seminar
The Jesus Seminar was a group of about 50 critical biblical scholars and 100 laymen founded in 1985 by Robert Funk that originated under the auspices of the Westar Institute.''Making Sense of the New Testament'' by Craig Blomberg (Mar 1, 200 ...
, Jesus probably cured some sick people,[ Funk, Robert W. and the ]Jesus Seminar
The Jesus Seminar was a group of about 50 critical biblical scholars and 100 laymen founded in 1985 by Robert Funk that originated under the auspices of the Westar Institute.''Making Sense of the New Testament'' by Craig Blomberg (Mar 1, 200 ...
. ''The acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus.'' HarperSanFrancisco. 1998. p. 566. but described Jesus' healings in modern terms, relating them to "psychosomatic maladies." They found six of the nineteen healings to be "probably reliable".[Funk 1998, p. 531] Most participants in the Jesus Seminar believe Jesus practiced exorcisms, as Josephus
Flavius Josephus (; grc-gre, Ἰώσηπος, ; 37 – 100) was a first-century Romano-Jewish historian and military leader, best known for '' The Jewish War'', who was born in Jerusalem—then part of Roman Judea—to a father of priestly ...
, Philostratus
Philostratus or Lucius Flavius Philostratus (; grc-gre, Φιλόστρατος ; c. 170 – 247/250 AD), called "the Athenian", was a Greek sophist of the Roman imperial period. His father was a minor sophist of the same name. He was born probab ...
and others wrote about other contemporary exorcists, but do not believe the gospel accounts were accurate reports of specific events or that demons exist. They did not find any of the nature miracles to be historical events.
According to scholar Maurice Casey
Philip Maurice Casey (18 October 1942 – 10 May 2014) was a British scholar of New Testament and early Christianity. He was an emeritus professor at the University of Nottingham, having served there as Professor of New Testament Languages and ...
, it is fair to assume that Jesus was able to cure people affected with psychosomatic disorders, although he believes that the healings were likely due to naturalistic causes and placebo effects. John P. Meier believes that Jesus as healer is as well supported as almost anything about the historical Jesus. In the Gospels, the activity of Jesus as miracle worker looms large in attracting attention to himself and reinforces his eschatological
Eschatology (; ) concerns expectations of the end of the present age, human history, or of the world itself. The end of the world or end times is predicted by several world religions (both Abrahamic and non-Abrahamic), which teach that nega ...
message. Such activity, Meier suggests, might have added to the concern of authorities that culminated in Jesus' death. E.P. Sanders and Géza Vermes
Géza Vermes, (; 22 June 1924 – 8 May 2013) was a British academic, Biblical scholar, and Judaist of Hungarian Jewish descent—one who also served as a Catholic priest in his youth—and scholar specialized in the field of the history of re ...
also agree that Jesus was indeed a healer and that this helped increase his following among the people of his time.
Gallery of miracles
Cures
File:Christ Healing the Mother of Simon Peter’s Wife by John Bridges.jpg, Healing the mother of Peter's wife
The healing of the mother of Peter's wife is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels, reported in , , and .
Narrative
In the Gospels of Mark and Luke, this episode takes place after Jesus had been preaching at the synagogue of Capernaum. ...
File:Bartholomeus Breenbergh 003.JPG, Healing the deaf mute of Decapolis
File:Nicolas Colombel - Christ Healing the Blind.jpg, Healing the blind at birth
The miracle of healing the man born blind is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels, in which Jesus is believed to have restored the sight of a man at Siloam. Although not named in the gospel, church tradition has ascribed the name Celi ...
File:Palma il Giovane 001.jpg, Healing the Paralytic at Bethesda
The Healing of a paralytic at Pool of Bethesda, Bethesda is one of the miraculous healings miracles of Jesus in the Gospels, attributed to Jesus in the New Testament.
This event is recounted only in the Gospel of John, which says that it took pla ...
File:WLA cma Christ Healing the Blind Man c 1640.jpg, The Blind Man of Bethsaida
File:Eustache Le Sueur 003.jpg, The Blind man Bartimaeus in Jericho
File:JesusHealingCenturionServant.jpg, Healing the Centurion's servant
Healing the centurion's servant is one of the miracles performed by Jesus of Nazareth as related in the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke (both part of the Christian biblical canon). The story is not recounted in the Gospels of either John ...
File:HealWomanSabbath.jpg, Christ healing an infirm woman
File:Christ heals tne man with paralysed hand.jpg, The man with a withered hand
Jesus heals a man with a withered hand on the Sabbath in one of his miracles recounted in the Gospels, namely in Matthew 12:9- 13, Mark 3:1-6, and Luke 6:6-11.
Biblical accounts
On a Sabbath, in Luke, "another Sabbath", when Jesus went into t ...
File:ChristCleansing.jpg, Cleansing a leper
Jesus cleansing a leper is one of the miracles of Jesus. The story is found in all three of the Synoptic Gospels: Matthew 8:1– 4, Mark 1:40–45 and Luke 5:12–16.
Biblical narrative
According to the Gospel of Matthew, when Jesus Christ cam ...
File:Cleansing10.jpg, Cleansing ten lepers
Jesus' cleansing of ten lepers is one of the miracles of Jesus reported in the Gospels (Gospel of Luke ).
Narrative
Ten lepers, seeing Jesus, "raised their voices and said, “Jesus, Master, have mercy on us!” Jesus healed all ten, telling th ...
File:RembrandtHeal.jpg, Healing a man with dropsy
Healing a man with dropsy is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels (Luke 14:1-6).
According to the Gospel, one Sabbath, Jesus went to eat in the house of a prominent Pharisee, and he was being carefully watched. There in front of him was ...
File:HealBleedingWoman.jpg, Healing the bleeding woman
File:Christus heilet einen Gichtbrüchigen.jpg, Healing the paralytic at Capernaum
File:HealingGustaveDore.jpg, Healing in Gennesaret
File:JesusHealsTwo.gif, Two blind men
File:SonRoyalHeal.jpg, Healing the royal official's son
Healing the royal official's son is one of the miracles of Jesus that appears in the Gospel of John (). This episode takes place at Cana, though the royal official's son is some distance away, at Capernaum.
In the Gospel of John ( NIV):
:"Unless ...
Power over demonic spirits
File:Folio 166r - The Exorcism.jpg, A boy possessed by a demon
The exorcism of a boy possessed by a demon, or a boy with a mute spirit, is one of the miracles miracles of Jesus in the Gospels, attributed to Jesus reported in the synoptic Gospels, involving the healing of a demonically possessed boy through ex ...
File:Folio 164r - The Canaanite Woman.jpg, The Canaanite woman's daughter
The Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter is one of the miracles of Jesus in the Gospels and is recounted in the Gospel of Mark in Chapter 7 () and in the Gospel of Matthew in Chapter 15 (). In Matthew, the story is recounted as the h ...
File:Healing of the demon-possessed.jpg, The Gerasenes demonic
File:Christus heilt einen Besessenen.jpg, At the Synagogue in Capernaum
File:Sant Apollinare Nuovo - Healing of the demon-possessed.jpg, Christ exorcising at sunset
The synoptic gospels portray Jesus exorcising at sunset just after he had Healing the mother of Peter's wife, healed the mother of Peter's wife, in , and .
According to the Gospels, after Jesus had healed the mother of Peter's wife, when evening ...
File:Schnorr von Carolsfeld Bibel in Bildern 1860 191.png, Exorcism of the Gerasene demoniac
File:JesusCuresamute.gif, Exorcising a mute
Resurrection of the dead
File:Aufweckung-Jüngling-Nain-15.jpg, Young Man from Nain
File:Paolo Veronese cat01c.jpg, Daughter of Jairus
File:Giuseppe salviati, resurrezione di lazzaro.jpg, Raising of Lazarus
Lazarus of Bethany (Latinised from Lazar, ultimately from Hebrew Eleazar, "God helped"), also venerated as Righteous Lazarus, the Four-Days Dead in the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the subject of a prominent sign of Jesus in the Gospel of John, ...
Control over nature
File:CarlBloch weddingatCana.jpg, Marriage at Cana
The transformation of water into wine at the wedding at Cana (also called the marriage at Cana, wedding feast at Cana or marriage feast at Cana) is the first miracle attributed to Jesus in the Gospel of John.
In the Gospel account, Jesus Chris ...
File:Po vodam.jpg, Walking on water
File:Rembrandt Christ in the Storm on the Lake of Galilee.jpg, Calming the storm
File:Perugino, trasfigurazione, collegio del cambio.jpg, Transfiguration
File:FeedingMultitudes Bernardo.jpg, Feeding the multitude
In Christianity, the feeding the multitude is two separate miracles of Jesus reported in the Gospels.
The first miracle, the "Feeding of the 5,000", is the only miracle—aside from the resurrection—recorded in all four gospels ( Matthew 14:13 ...
File:Raphael - The Miraculous Draft of Fishes - Google Art Project.jpg, Draught of fishes
File:Miracleofthefig.jpg, Cursing the fig tree
File:Tuenger Facetie.jpg, Coin in the fish's mouth
The coin in the fish's mouth is one of the miracles of Jesus, recounted in the Gospel of .
Biblical account
In Matthew's account, in Capernaum the collectors of the two-drachma temple tax ask Peter whether Jesus does not pay the tax, and Peter ...
See also
* Chronology of Jesus
A chronology of Jesus aims to establish a timeline for the events of the life of Jesus. Scholars have correlated Jewish and Greco-Roman documents and astronomical calendars with the New Testament accounts to estimate dates for the major even ...
* Life of Jesus in the New Testament
The life of Jesus in the New Testament is primarily outlined in the four canonical gospels, which includes his genealogy and Nativity of Jesus, nativity, Ministry of Jesus, public ministry, Passion of Jesus, passion, prophecy, Resurrection of ...
* Ministry of Jesus
* Miracles of Gautama Buddha
* Miracles of Muhammad
Miracles of Muhammad refers to the general accepted consensus miracles performed by Muhammed, the last Prophet of Islam, during his lifetime. These teachings stem from the text of the Quran (the central religious text of Islam), hadith (records of ...
* Parables of Jesus
The parables of Jesus are found in the Synoptic Gospels and some of the non-canonical gospels. They form approximately one third of his recorded teachings. Christians place great emphasis on these parables, which they generally regard as the wo ...
References
Bibliography
* Bersee, Ton (2021). ''On the Meaning of 'Miracle' in Christianity. An Evaluation of the Current Miracle Debate and a Proposal of a Balanced Hermeneutical Approach''. Peeters Publishers, Leuven.
* Funk, Robert W. and the Jesus Seminar
The Jesus Seminar was a group of about 50 critical biblical scholars and 100 laymen founded in 1985 by Robert Funk that originated under the auspices of the Westar Institute.''Making Sense of the New Testament'' by Craig Blomberg (Mar 1, 200 ...
(1998). ''The Acts of Jesus: The Search for the Authentic Deeds of Jesus''. Polebridge Press, San Francisco.
* Kilgallen, John J. (1989). ''A Brief Commentary on the Gospel of Mark'', Paulist Press,
List of Jesus' Miracles and Biblical References
* Lockyer, Herbert (1988). ''All the Miracles of the Bible''
* Miller, Robert J. Editor (1994). ''The Complete Gospels'', Polebridge Press,
* Murcia, Thierry, ''Jésus, les miracles en question'', Paris, 1999 – ''Jésus, les miracles élucidés par la médecine'', Paris, 2003
* Omaar, Rageh (2003).
The Miracles of Jesus
' BBC documentary
*
* Van der Loos, H. (1965). ''The Miracles of Jesus'', E.J. Brill Press, Netherlands
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