The Malyshev Factory ( uk , Завод імені В.О. Малишева, translit=Zavod imeni V.O. Malysheva; abbreviated ), formerly the Kharkov Locomotive Factory (, ), is a state-owned manufacturer of heavy equipment in
Kharkiv
Kharkiv ( uk, wikt:Харків, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine.[Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...]
. It was named after the Soviet politician
Vyacheslav Malyshev
Viacheslav Aleksandrovich Malyshev (Russian: Вячеслав Александрович Малышев) (3 December 1902 — 20 February 1957) was a Soviet statesman who was one of the leading figures of Soviet industry during the 1940s and 1 ...
. The factory is part of the State Concern UkrOboronProm (
Ukrainian Defense Industry
The Arms industry, defense industry of Ukraine is a strategically important sector and a large employer in Ukraine. After working for several decades mostly for the arms export markets, in 2014 it has moved significantly into increased Ukrainian m ...
).
It produces
diesel engine
The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-call ...
s,
farm machinery
Agricultural machinery relates to the mechanical structures and devices used in farming or other agriculture. There are many types of such equipment, from hand tools and power tools to tractors and the countless kinds of farm implements that the ...
,
coal mining
Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from ...
,
sugar refining
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Compound sugars, also called disaccharides or double ...
, and
wind farm
A wind farm or wind park, also called a wind power station or wind power plant, is a group of wind turbines in the same location used Wind power, to produce electricity. Wind farms vary in size from a small number of turbines to several hundre ...
equipment, but is best known for its
production of Soviet tanks, including the
BT tank
The BT tanks (russian: Быстроходный танк/БТ, translit=Bystrokhodnyy tank, lit. "fast moving tank" or "high-speed tank") were a series of Soviet light tanks produced in large numbers between 1932 and 1941. They were lightly arm ...
series of fast tanks, the famous
T-34
The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank introduced in 1940. When introduced its 76.2 mm (3 in) tank gun was less powerful than its contemporaries while its 60-degree sloped armour provided good protection against Anti-tank warfare, anti-tan ...
of the Second World War, the Cold War
T-64
The T-64 is a Soviet tank manufactured in Kharkiv, and designed by Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau. The tank was introduced in the early 1960s. It was a more advanced counterpart to the T-62: the T-64 served in tank divisions, while ...
and
T-80
The T-80 is a main battle tank (MBT) that was designed and manufactured in the former Soviet Union and manufactured in Russia. The T-80 is based on the T-64, while incorporating features from the later T-72. The chief designer of the T-80 was So ...
, and their modern Ukrainian successor, the
T-84
The T-84 is a Ukrainian main battle tank (MBT), based on the Soviet T-80 MBT introduced in 1976, specifically the diesel engine version: T-80UD. The T-84 was first built in 1994 and entered service in the Ukrainian Armed Forces in 1999. Its h ...
. The factory is closely associated with the
Morozov Design Bureau
Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau ( ua, Харківське Конструкторське Бюро з Машинобудування ім. О.О. Морозова, or ХКБМ, KhKBM), often simply called Morozov Design Bureau or a ...
(KMDB), designer of military
armoured fighting vehicles
An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is an armed combat vehicle protected by armour, generally combining operational mobility with offensive and defensive capabilities. AFVs can be wheeled or tracked. Examples of AFVs are tanks, armoured cars ...
and the Kharkov Engine Design Bureau (KEDB) for engines. During 1958 it constructed "
Kharkovchanka
Kharkovchanka (Russian: Харьковчанка, "Woman of Kharkov"), code name: Manufacture 404S, is a model of Antarctic off-road vehicle made circa 1957–1958 in the Soviet Union, designed and built by the Kharkov Transport Engineering Plant ...
", an off-road vehicle which reached the
South Pole
The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole, Terrestrial South Pole or 90th Parallel South, is one of the two points where Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface. It is the southernmost point on Earth and lies antipod ...
the following year.
At its height during the Soviet era, the factory employed 60,000 of Kharkiv's 1.5 million inhabitants.
[
, 5,000 people worked at the factory.][Tank factory workers decry war that pits Ukrainian against Ukrainian]
Al Jazeera America
Al Jazeera America was an American pay television news channel owned by the Al Jazeera Media Network. The channel was launched on August 20, 2013, to compete with CNN, HLN, MSNBC, Fox News, and in certain markets RT America. It was Al Jazeera' ...
(27 February 2015)
Naming
The factory was renamed several times. First originally named in Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
, English-language
English is a West Germanic language of the Indo-European language family, with its earliest forms spoken by the inhabitants of early medieval England. It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the is ...
sources variously refer to it as ''factory'', ''plant'', or ''works'', though now use the Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
translation of the word ''zavod (works)''.
Timeline
* 1895—Establishment of the Kharkov Locomotive Factory (russian: Харьковский паровозостроительный завод or KhPZ, Khar'kovskiy parovozostroitel'nyy zavod, ХПЗ / )
* 1923—Production line for Kommunar Kommunar or Komunar may refer to:
*Kommunar (inhabited locality), several inhabited localities in Russia
*Komunar Raion, a district of Zaporizhia, Ukraine
*Kommunar (tractor), a tractor formerly produced in the Soviet Union by Malyshev Factory
*''Ko ...
tractors established
* 1928—Renamed Kharkiv '' Komintern'' Locomotive Factory (russian: Khar'kovskiy parovozostroitel'nyy zavod imeni Kominterna, Харьковский паровозостроительный завод имени Коминтерна), and the tank design bureau is established
* 1936—Renamed Factory No. 183 (''Zavod No. 183'')
* 1941—Evacuated to Nizhny Tagil
Nizhny Tagil ( rus, Нижний Тагил, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj tɐˈgʲil) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located east of the boundary between Asia and Europe. Population:
History
The prehistor ...
in the Urals
The Ural Mountains ( ; rus, Ура́льские го́ры, r=Uralskiye gory, p=ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ; ba, Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through European ...
and merged with the Uralvagonzavod Factory
UralVagonZavod (russian: ОАО «Научно-производственная корпорация «УралВагонЗавод», , Open Joint Stock Company "Research and Production Corporation Uralvagonzavod") is a Russian machine-buildin ...
, to form the Ural Tank Factory No. 183
* 1945—Re-established at Kharkov Diesel Factory No. 75
* 1957—Renamed Malyshev Plant ( uk, Zavod imeni V.A. Malysheva, Завод імені В.А. Малишева)
History
The Kharkov Locomotive Factory (KhPZ) built about 20% of the Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
's railway engine
A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that provides the Power (physics), motive power for a train. If a locomotive is capable of carrying a payload, it is usually rather referred to as a multiple unit, Motor coach (rail), motor ...
s. After the Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a period of Political revolution (Trotskyism), political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire which began during the First World War. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and ad ...
and the establishment of the Soviet government in Ukraine, the factory was put to work designing and building tractor
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed to deliver a high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery such as that used in agriculture, mining or construction. Most common ...
s and, after 1927, tank
A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engin ...
s. The Leningrad
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
's Bolshevik Factory
Obukhov State Plant (also known Obukhovski Plant, russian: Государственный Обуховский Завод, Gosudarstvennyy Obukhovskiy Zavod) is a major Russian metallurgy and heavy machine-building plant in St. Petersburg, Russia ...
and the Kharkiv's KhPZ in 1929 became the first two Soviet tank factories to be modernized with German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ger ...
assistance under the .
Tank production
A tank design bureau was established in the factory in 1928, one of several which would be responsible for some of the most successful tanks ever built, and eventually become the Morozov Design Bureau
Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau ( ua, Харківське Конструкторське Бюро з Машинобудування ім. О.О. Морозова, or ХКБМ, KhKBM), often simply called Morozov Design Bureau or a ...
. The KhPZ designed and produced twenty-five T-24
The T-24 was a Soviet medium tank built in 1931. Only twenty four were built, and none saw combat. This was the first tank produced at the KhPZ factory in Kharkov, which was later responsible for the very successful BT series, T-34 and T-54 So ...
tanks, then nearly eight thousand BT fast tank
The BT tanks (russian: Быстроходный танк/БТ, translit=Bystrokhodnyy tank, lit. "fast moving tank" or "high-speed tank") were a series of Soviet light tanks produced in large numbers between 1932 and 1941. They were lightly ar ...
s. It also built a handful of multi-turreted T-35
The T-35 was a Soviet multi- turreted heavy tank of the interwar period and early Second World War that saw limited production and service with the Red Army. Often called a land battleship, it was the only five-turreted heavy tank in the world ...
tanks.
Shortly before the German invasion of the Soviet Union the KhPZ started series production of the T-34
The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank introduced in 1940. When introduced its 76.2 mm (3 in) tank gun was less powerful than its contemporaries while its 60-degree sloped armour provided good protection against Anti-tank warfare, anti-tan ...
, the most-produced tank of World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
. Series production began in June 1940 in Kharkiv, and later in the Stalingrad Tractor Plant
, romanized_name =
, former_name =
, type = Open joint-stock company
, traded_as =
, industry = Machinery, Defence
, fate =
, predecessor =
, successor =
, founded =
, founder =
, defunct =
, hq_location_c ...
and Krasnoye Sormovo Shipbuilding Plant. In 1941, due to German advances, the factory and design shops were evacuated to the Ural mountains
The Ural Mountains ( ; rus, Ура́льские го́ры, r=Uralskiye gory, p=ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ; ba, Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western ...
;[ the plant was merged with ]Uralvagonzavod
UralVagonZavod (russian: ОАО «Научно-производственная корпорация «УралВагонЗавод», , Open Joint Stock Company "Research and Production Corporation Uralvagonzavod") is a Russian machine-buildin ...
in Nizhny Tagil
Nizhny Tagil ( rus, Нижний Тагил, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj tɐˈgʲil) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located east of the boundary between Asia and Europe. Population:
History
The prehistor ...
into one enterprise called Ural Tank Plant No. 183.
When Ukraine was liberated from the Germans, it began production of the new T-44
The T-44 is a medium tank first developed and produced near the end of World War II by the Soviet Union. It was the successor to the T-34, offering an improved ride and cross-country performance, along with much greater armor. Designed to be eq ...
tank in 1945, and the first prototypes of the T-54
The T-54 and T-55 tanks are a series of Soviet main battle tanks introduced in the years following the World War II, Second World War. The first T-54 prototype was completed at Nizhny Tagil by the end of 1945.Steven Zaloga, T-54 and T-55 Mai ...
. After the war was over, the design bureau and factory gradually transferred all operations back to Kharkiv.[ The "No. 183" designation was left in Nizhny Tagil, while in Kharkiv the factory merged into Factory No. 75, a previously existing plant known for its T-34 diesel engines. T-54 production was started in the Urals and Kharkiv in 1947–48, and the move ended with the 1951 re-establishment of the Design Bureau, now called KB-60M, in Kharkiv. In 1957, the Factory No. 75 was renamed Malyshev Plant, and next year it took up production of ]T-55
The T-54 and T-55 tanks are a series of Soviet main battle tanks introduced in the years following the Second World War. The first T-54 prototype was completed at Nizhny Tagil by the end of 1945.Steven Zaloga, T-54 and T-55 Main Battle Tanks ...
, the most-produced tank ever. The bureau also designed OT-54 and TO-55 flame-thrower
A flamethrower is a ranged incendiary device designed to project a controllable jet of fire. First deployed by the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century AD, flamethrowers saw use in modern times during World War I, and more widely in World ...
tanks, for production at the Omsk Transport Machine Construction Plant. In 1967, T-64
The T-64 is a Soviet tank manufactured in Kharkiv, and designed by Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau. The tank was introduced in the early 1960s. It was a more advanced counterpart to the T-62: the T-64 served in tank divisions, while ...
tank production began here, as well as in the Kirov Plant
The Kirov Plant, Kirov Factory or Leningrad Kirov Plant (LKZ) ( rus, Кировский завод, Kirovskiy zavod) is a major Russian mechanical engineering and agricultural machinery manufacturing plant in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was establ ...
and in the Uralvagonzavod. The T-80
The T-80 is a main battle tank (MBT) that was designed and manufactured in the former Soviet Union and manufactured in Russia. The T-80 is based on the T-64, while incorporating features from the later T-72. The chief designer of the T-80 was So ...
tank, with a high performance gas turbine
A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of continuous flow internal combustion engine. The main parts common to all gas turbine engines form the power-producing part (known as the gas generator or core) and are, in the directi ...
engine was produced beginning in 1983, followed in 1985 by a more conventional diesel model, T-80UD.
Finished tanks were assembled in several plants, but Soviet industrial planning prevented any region from being able to establish independent arms production. Components and sub-assemblies were produced in different factories, the Malyshev Factory specializing in engines and transmissions.
In independent Ukraine
The Malyshev factory's million-square-metre facility produced 800 tanks in 1991, but underwent difficult times after the breakup of the Soviet Union, producing only 46 tanks until 1996, when a $650 M contract was signed to supply 320 T-80
The T-80 is a main battle tank (MBT) that was designed and manufactured in the former Soviet Union and manufactured in Russia. The T-80 is based on the T-64, while incorporating features from the later T-72. The chief designer of the T-80 was So ...
UD tanks to Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...
. Fulfilling the contract was difficult — the distributed nature of Soviet military industry forced reliance on Russian factories for parts, and Russian political interference forced the development of local capabilities, resulting in the T-84
The T-84 is a Ukrainian main battle tank (MBT), based on the Soviet T-80 MBT introduced in 1976, specifically the diesel engine version: T-80UD. The T-84 was first built in 1994 and entered service in the Ukrainian Armed Forces in 1999. Its h ...
tank design.
Like many Ukrainian industries, Malyshev was not allowed to negotiate contracts directly with foreign governments, but had to rely on Ukrspetsexport
Ukrspecexport ( uk, Укрспецекспорт, an abbreviation of "Ukrainian Special Export") is a Ukrainian state-owned arms trading company and part of the state conglomerate Ukrainian Defense Industry. Ukrspecexport was formed in November ...
, a government arms-trading company. Although Malyshev was denied exporter status in July 1999, it was given this status by decree of President Leonid Kuchma
Leonid Danylovych Kuchma ( uk, Леоні́д Дани́лович Ку́чма; born 9 August 1938) is a Ukrainian politician who was the second president of Ukraine from 19 July 1994 to 23 January 2005. Kuchma's presidency saw numerous corrup ...
in November of that year, a move seen to be an election gift to the Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast ( uk, Харківська́ о́бласть, translit=Kharkivska oblast), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna ( uk, Ха́рківщина), is an oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhans ...
(province). Malyshev joined as the leader of thirty-four companies to form an export consortium called Ukrainian Armored Vehicles
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* Som ...
.
Malyshev has demonstrated main battle tanks to Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
, Greece
Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...
, and Malaysia
Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...
, and has entered into a contract to supply engines for Chinese
Chinese can refer to:
* Something related to China
* Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity
**''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation
** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...
-made Al-Khalid
The Al-Khalid ( ur, —, literally "The Eternal Tank") is a Pakistani main battle tank developed by Heavy Industries Taxila since the 1990s. It is based on the Chinese Type 90-IIM tan, whose original prototype was developed by China North ...
tanks for Pakistan. In September 2000, a deal was signed to modernize Soviet-made tanks and armoured personnel carries for the United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates (UAE; ar, اَلْإِمَارَات الْعَرَبِيَة الْمُتَحِدَة ), or simply the Emirates ( ar, الِْإمَارَات ), is a country in Western Asia (The Middle East). It is located at th ...
. The Malyshev factory also manufactures parts for Bizon, a Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent
* Polish chicken
*Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...
producer of agricultural combines.
In April 2009, the Malyshev Factory signed a contract to upgrade 29 T-64B -64Бtanks to T-64BM "Bulat" -64БМ "Булат"standard, for the Ukrainian Army
The Ukrainian Ground Forces ( uk, Сухопу́тні військá Збрóйних сил Украї́ни), also known as the Ukrainian Army, are the land forces of Ukraine and one of the five branches of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. They we ...
for ₴200 million ($25.1 million). Ten upgraded tanks were delivered in 2010, and 19 planned to be delivered in 2011. The T-64B tanks being upgraded were originally produced at Kharkiv in 1980.
In 2012 the Malyshev Factory had a sizable tank scrapping operation.
Since the outbreak of the War in Donbass
War is an intense armed conflict between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular ...
the factory’s main focus became supplying new and rehabilitated tanks to the Ukrainian Army.[
On 22 July 2014 the factory was used as a transfer point in returning the bodies from the ]Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (MH17/MAS17) was a scheduled passenger flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur that was shot down by Russian forces on 17 July 2014, while flying over eastern Ukraine. All 283 passengers and 15 crew were killed. Cont ...
crash to their home countries.
Production
Locomotives
Locomotive production was performed from 1897 to 1969. Until the invasion of Soviet Union by Germany in 1941, the factory was producing steam locomotive
A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, oil or, rarely, wood) to heat water in the locomot ...
s which were produced on several factories of the Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
and the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
. After the war and rebuilding of the factory in 1947, it was producing diesel locomotive
A diesel locomotive is a type of railway locomotive in which the prime mover is a diesel engine. Several types of diesel locomotives have been developed, differing mainly in the means by which mechanical power is conveyed to the driving whee ...
s until 1969.
* 1897-1915 Russian locomotive class O
The Russian steam locomotive class O (from russian: Основной) was an early type of Russian steam locomotives. 9,129 locomotives were built between 1890 and 1928; hence it was the second most numerous class of locomotive in Russia, after ...
(particularly Од and Ов)
* 1906-1916 Russian locomotive class Shch
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
* 1912-1919 Russian locomotive class S (about 9 were produced in the Ukrainian State
The Ukrainian State ( uk, Українська Держава, translit=Ukrainska Derzhava), sometimes also called the Second Hetmanate ( uk, Другий Гетьманат, translit=Druhyi Hetmanat, link=no), was an anti-Bolshevik government ...
in 1918-19)
* 1915-1917 Russian locomotive class E
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, ten powered and coupled driving wheels on five axles and no trailing wheel
On a steam locomotive, a trailing wheel ...
(possibly through 1935)
* 1924-1951 Russian locomotive class S (enforced)
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
* 1935-1941 Soviet locomotive class SO
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
* 1939-1941 Tender with water heating for SO18
* 1947-1950 TE1 (along with the Kharkov Elektrotyazhmash and the Moscow Dynamo)
* 1948-1955 TE2
The TE2 (; ) is a class of Soviet Union, Soviet diesel-electric locomotives built by Malyshev Factory in Kharkiv, Ukraine, from 1948 to 1955. It is nominally a two-unit version of class ALCO RSD-1, TE1 but is very different in appearance. While th ...
(along with the Kharkov Elektrotyazhmash)
* 1953-1973 TE3
The ТE3 (Russian: ''ТЭ3''; ) is a Soviet diesel-electric locomotive, built in Russia and Ukraine to 1520 mm gauge. It is a two-unit Co’Co’+Co’Co’ machine. Total diesel power is . They were built from 1953 to 1973.
Powertrain
The TE3 ...
(along with the Kharkov Elektrotyazhmash, the Luhanskteplovoz
Luhanskteplovoz ( uk, Луганськтепловоз or Luhansk Locomotive Works), earlier known as Voroshilovgrad Locomotive Works is a large industrial company in Luhansk, Ukraine, manufacturing locomotives, multiple unit trains (both electri ...
and the Kolomna Factory)
* 1952-1952 TE4
The TE2 (; ) is a class of Soviet diesel-electric locomotives built by Malyshev Factory in Kharkiv, Ukraine, from 1948 to 1955. It is nominally a two-unit version of class TE1 but is very different in appearance. While the TE1 is a Co-Co hood uni ...
(only one built as experimental, based on TE2)
* 1948-1948 TE5
The TE5 (Cyrillic script: ТЭ5) is a Soviet experimental diesel-electric locomotive. In 1948 the Malyshev Factory in Kharkiv (Soviet Ukraine) released two (unconfirmed reports say five) of these locomotives, which were developed from the TE1 (Т ...
(only two built as experimental, based on TE1)
* 1956-1964 TE7 (along with the Luhanskteplovoz
Luhanskteplovoz ( uk, Луганськтепловоз or Luhansk Locomotive Works), earlier known as Voroshilovgrad Locomotive Works is a large industrial company in Luhansk, Ukraine, manufacturing locomotives, multiple unit trains (both electri ...
, based on TE3)
* 1958-1997 TE10
TE10 (russian: ТЭ10) is a Soviet diesel-electric locomotive. The name of this locomotive (ТЭ10) is from ''тепловоз с электрической передачей, тип 10'', which translates to "diesel-electric locomotive type 10. ...
(along with the Luhanskteplovoz
Luhanskteplovoz ( uk, Луганськтепловоз or Luhansk Locomotive Works), earlier known as Voroshilovgrad Locomotive Works is a large industrial company in Luhansk, Ukraine, manufacturing locomotives, multiple unit trains (both electri ...
)
* 1961-1968 TEP10 (initially as TE11)
* 1964-1968 2TE40
The TE2 (; ) is a class of Soviet diesel-electric locomotives built by Malyshev Factory in Kharkiv, Ukraine, from 1948 to 1955. It is nominally a two-unit version of class TE1 but is very different in appearance. While the TE1 is a Co-Co hood uni ...
(along with the Kharkov Elektrotyazhmash, only five built as experimental)
Tracked vehicles
Specialized in tank building, the factory also was manufacturing artillery tractors, while initially as agricultural tractors.
* 1924-1931 Communard (used in agriculture)
* 1935-1940 Comintern
* 1939-1941 Voroshylovets
* 400-series
* 1958-1958 Kharkovchanka
Kharkovchanka (Russian: Харьковчанка, "Woman of Kharkov"), code name: Manufacture 404S, is a model of Antarctic off-road vehicle made circa 1957–1958 in the Soviet Union, designed and built by the Kharkov Transport Engineering Plant ...
, special purpose vehicle for Antarctica
Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest contine ...
(4th Soviet Antarctic Expedition
The Fourth Soviet Antarctic Expedition was an expedition in Antarctica led by Aleksandr Gavrilovich Dralkin.
According to '' Soviet News'':
:The expedition ... made a scientific trek from the shores of the Indian Ocean to the Geographical South ...
)
Engines
Notable diesel engine
The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-call ...
s from Kharkov include the 1472 kW 2D100 (used in the TE3
The ТE3 (Russian: ''ТЭ3''; ) is a Soviet diesel-electric locomotive, built in Russia and Ukraine to 1520 mm gauge. It is a two-unit Co’Co’+Co’Co’ machine. Total diesel power is . They were built from 1953 to 1973.
Powertrain
The TE3 ...
locomotive) and the 2208 kW 10D100 (used in the TE10
TE10 (russian: ТЭ10) is a Soviet diesel-electric locomotive. The name of this locomotive (ТЭ10) is from ''тепловоз с электрической передачей, тип 10'', which translates to "diesel-electric locomotive type 10. ...
locomotive). Both were 10 cylinder opposed piston
An opposed-piston engine is a piston engine in which each cylinder has a piston at both ends, and no cylinder head. Petrol and diesel opposed-piston engines have been used mostly in large-scale applications such as ships, military tanks, and ...
two-stroke diesel engine
A two-stroke diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses compression ignition, with a two-stroke combustion cycle. It was invented by Hugo Güldner in 1899.Mau (1984) p.7
In compression ignition, air is first compressed and heated; ...
s of the 1950s. Another engine in this series, the 12 cylinder 9D100 was less successful and was not widely used.
References
Bibliography
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External links
*
T-64BV repaired at Malyshev Factory
{{Authority control
1895 establishments in the Russian Empire
Manufacturing companies of the Soviet Union
Defence companies of Ukraine
Tanks of the Soviet Union
Diesel engine manufacturers
Defence companies of the Soviet Union
Agriculture companies of the Soviet Union
Economy of Kharkiv
Locomotive manufacturers of Ukraine
Ukrainian brands
Slobidskyi District
Engine manufacturers of the Soviet Union
Government-owned companies of Ukraine
1895 establishments in Ukraine