This is a list of state leaders in the 16th century (1501–1600) AD, of the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution i ...

Main

Kingdom of Germany The Kingdom of Germany or German Kingdom ( la, regnum Teutonicorum "kingdom of the Germans", "German kingdom", "kingdom of Germany") was the mostly Germanic-speaking East Frankish kingdom, which was formed by the Treaty of Verdun in 843, especi ...

:* Emperors Elect,

Kings Kings or King's may refer to: *Monarchs: The sovereign heads of states and/or nations, with the male being kings *One of several works known as the "Book of Kings": **The Books of Kings part of the Bible, divided into two parts **The ''Shahnameh'' ...

– ::*

Maximilian I Maximilian I may refer to: *Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, reigned 1486/93–1519 *Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria, reigned 1597–1651 *Maximilian I, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1636-1689) *Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, reigned 1795� ...

, Emperor Elect (1508–1519), King (1486–1519) ::*

Charles V Charles V may refer to: * Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500–1558) * Charles V of Naples (1661–1700), better known as Charles II of Spain * Charles V of France (1338–1380), called the Wise * Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (1643–1690) * Infan ...

, Holy Roman Emperor (1530–1556), King (1519–1556) ::* Ferdinand I, Emperor Elect (1558–1564), King (1531–1564) ::* Maximilian II, Emperor Elect (1564–1576), King (1562–1576) ::*

Rudolph II Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). He was a member of the Hous ...

, Emperor Elect (1576–1612), King (1575–1612) :* – ::*

Balthasar Merklin Balthazar, or variant spellings, may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Balthazar'' (novel), by Lawrence Durrell, 1958 * ''Balthasar'', an 1889 book by Anatole France * ''Professor Balthazar'', a Croatian animated TV series, 1967-1978 ...

, Vice Chancellor (1527–1531) ::*

Matthias von Held Matthias is a name derived from the Greek Ματθαίος, in origin similar to Matthew. People Notable people named Matthias include the following: In religion: * Saint Matthias, chosen as an apostle in Acts 1:21–26 to replace Judas Iscariot ...

, Vice Chancellor (1531–1541) ::* Johann von Naves, Vice Chancellor (1541–1547) ::*

Jakob von Jonas Jakob may refer to: People * Jakob (given name), including a list of people with the name * Jakob (surname), including a list of people with the name Other * Jakob (band), a New Zealand band, and the title of their 1999 EP * Max Jakob Memorial Aw ...

, Vice Chancellor (1547–1558) ::*

Georg Sigmund Seld Georg may refer to: * ''Georg'' (film), 1997 *Georg (musical), Estonian musical * Georg (given name) * Georg (surname) George is a surname of Irish, English, Welsh, South Indian Christian, Middle Eastern Christian (usually Lebanese), French, or ...

, Vice Chancellor (1559–1563) ::*

Johann Ulrich Zasius Johann, typically a male given name, is the German form of ''Iohannes'', which is the Latin form of the Greek name ''Iōánnēs'' (), itself derived from Hebrew name ''Yochanan'' () in turn from its extended form (), meaning "Yahweh is Gracious" ...

, Vice Chancellor (1566–1570) ::*

Siegmund Vieheuser Sigmund or Siegmund may refer to: People * Sigmund (given name), list of people with the name Sigmund * Sigmund Freud, a pioneer of psychoanalysis Arts and entertainment *''Sigmund and the Sea Monsters, American 1970s TV series ;Fictional chatact ...

, Vice Chancellor (1577–1587) ::*

Jacob Kurz von Senftenau Jacob Kurz von Senftenau (1554 – 11 March 1594) (sometimes spelled as ''Kurtz'', Latinized name: ''Jacob Curtius'', Czech: ''Jakub Kurz ze Senftenavy'') was the Imperial pro-chancellor (''Reichsvizekanzler'') for the Emperor Rudolph II. In add ...

, Vice Chancellor (1587–1594) ::*

Johann Wolfgang Freymann Johann, typically a male given name, is the German form of ''Iohannes'', which is the Latin form of the Greek name ''Iōánnēs'' (), itself derived from Hebrew name ''Yochanan'' () in turn from its extended form (), meaning "Yahweh is Gracious" ...

, Vice Chancellor (1594–1597) ::* Rudolf Coraduz von und zu Nußdorf, Vice Chancellor (1597–1606)

Austrian

Archduchy of Austria The Archduchy of Austria (german: Erzherzogtum Österreich) was a major Princes of the Holy Roman Empire, principality of the Holy Roman Empire and the nucleus of the Habsburg monarchy. With its capital at Vienna, the archduchy was centered at th ...

( complete list) – :* Ladislaus I the Posthumous, Duke (1440–1453), Archduke (1453–1457) :* Frederick V the Peaceful, Archduke (1457–1493) :* Maximilian I the Last Knight, Archduke (1493–1519) :*

Charles I Charles I may refer to: Kings and emperors * Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings * Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily * Charles I of ...

, Archduke (1519–1521) :* Ferdinand I, Archduke (1521–1564) :* Maximilian II, Archduke (1564–1576) :*

Rudolf V Rudolf V, Margrave of Baden-Pforzheim (died 28 August 1361) was a son of Margrave Rudolf IV (died 25 June 1348) and his second wife Maria of Oettingen (d. 10 June 1369). In 1348, he succeeded his father as Margrave of Baden-Pforzheim. Emperor L ...

, Archduke (1576–1608) *

Prince-Bishopric of Brixen The Prince-Bishopric of Brixen (german: Hochstift Brixen, Fürstbistum Brixen, Bistum Brixen) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire in the present-day northern Italian province of South Tyrol. It should not be confused wit ...

( complete list) – :*

Melchior von Meckau Melchior von Meckau (1440–1509) (called the Cardinal of Brixen) was a German Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop. Life and church Melchior von Meckau was born in Meissen in 1440, the son of Gaspar von Meckau, who later became a counselor of ...

, Prince-bishop (1488–1509) :*, Prince-bishop (1509–1521) :*, Prince-bishop (1521–1525) :*

George of Austria George of Austria (Ghent, 1505 – Liège, 4 May 1557), was Prince-bishop of Liège from 1544 to 1557. He was an illegitimate son of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Margaretha of Edelsheim. He became Bishop of Brixen (Tyrol) between ...

, Prince-bishop (1525–1539) :*

Bernardo Clesio Bernardo Clesio (; 1 March 1484 – 30 July 1539) was an Italian Cardinal, bishop, diplomat, humanist and botanist. Born in Cles, in the Prince-Bishopric of Trent, today Trentino, he graduated from the University of Bologna. He later became Prin ...

, Prince-bishop (1539) :*, Prince-bishop (1539–1542) :*

Cristoforo Madruzzo 200px, '' Portrait of Cristoforo Madruzzo'' by Titian (1552). Museu de Arte de São Paulo, São Paulo">Museu_de_Arte_de_São_Paulo.html" ;"title="Titian (1552). Museu de Arte de São Paulo">Titian (1552). Museu de Arte de São Paulo, São Paulo. ...

, Prince-bishop (1542–1578) :*, Prince-bishop (1578–1591) :* Andrew of Burgau, Prince-bishop (1591–1600) *

Duchy of Carinthia The Duchy of Carinthia (german: Herzogtum Kärnten; sl, Vojvodina Koroška) was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia. It was separated from the Duchy of Bavaria in 976, and was the first newly created Imperial Sta ...

( complete list) – :*

, Duke (1493–1519) :*

, Duke (1519–1521) :* Ferdinand I, Duke (1521–1564) :* Charles II, Duke (1564–1590) :* Ferdinand II, Duke (1590–1637) *

Prince-Bishopric of Chur The Prince-Bishopric of Chur (german: Hochstift Chur, Fürstbistum Chur, Bistum Chur) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire, and had Imperial immediacy. The Prince-Bishopric of Chur controlled contiguous land from the city o ...

( complete list) – :* Heinrich V. von Hewen, Prince-bishop (1491–1505) :*

Paul Ziegler Paul may refer to: *Paul (given name), a given name (includes a list of people with that name) *Paul (surname), a list of people People Christianity *Paul the Apostle (AD c.5–c.64/65), also known as Saul of Tarsus or Saint Paul, early Chris ...

, Administrator (1505–1509), Administrator (1509–1541) :* Lucius Iter, Prince-bishop (1541–1549) :* Thomas Planta, Prince-bishop (1549–1565) :* Beatus a Porta, Prince-bishop (1565–1581) :* Peter de Raschèr, Prince-bishop (1581–1601) *

Principality of Heitersheim A principality (or sometimes princedom) can either be a monarchical feudatory or a sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a regnant-monarch with the title of prince and/or princess, or by a monarch with another title considered to fall under ...

( complete list) – :*, Prince-prior (1554–1566) :*, Prince-prior (1567–1573) :*, Prince-prior (1573–1594) :*

Philip Riedesel zu Camberg Philip Riedesel zu Camberg was an important German knight ( Ritter) in the latter half of the 16th century. He was the son of Henrich Riedesel zu Camberg and Catherine von Sebolt. He entered the ''Johanniterorden'' (the Bailiwick of Brandenburg o ...

, Prince-prior (1594–1598) :*, Prince-prior (1598–1599) :*,Winfried Hecht: ''Der Villinger Johanniterkomtur Johann Philipp Lösch von Mühlheim.'' In: Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis: Almanach. – 33. 2009. – S. 135 – 137
/ref> Prince-prior (1599–1601) *

Duchy of Styria The Duchy of Styria (german: Herzogtum Steiermark; sl, Vojvodina Štajerska; hu, Stájer Hercegség) was a duchy located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia. It was a part of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 180 ...

( complete list) – :*

, Duke (1493–1519) :*

, Duke (1519–1521) :* Ferdinand I, Duke (1521–1564) :* Charles II, Duke (1564–1590) :* Ferdinand II, Duke (1590–1637) *

Prince-Bishopric of Trent The Prince-Bishopric of Trent ( la, Episcopatus ac Principatus Tridentinus; german: Hochstift Trient, Fürstbistum Trient, Bistum Trient) was an ecclesiastical principality roughly corresponding to the present-day Northern Italian autonomous pr ...

( complete list) – :* Ulrich IV von Liechtenstein, Prince-bishop (1493–1505) :*George II von Neideck, Prince-bishop (1505–1514) :*

, Prince-bishop (1514–1539) :*

, Prince-bishop (1539–1567) :*

Ludovico Madruzzo 200px, Portrait of Ludovico Madruzzo by Giovanni Battista Moroni. Art Institute, Chicago.">Chicago.html" ;"title="Giovanni Battista Moroni. Art Institute, Chicago">Giovanni Battista Moroni. Art Institute, Chicago. Ludovico Madruzzo (1532–1600) ...

, Prince-bishop (1567–1600) :*

Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzo Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzo (1562 – 14 August 1629) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and statesman. Biography Born in the castle of Issogne, Aosta Valley, he was the son of Baron Giovanni Federico Madruzzo and Isabelle of Challant, and ne ...

, Prince-bishop (1600–1629) *

County of Tyrol The (Princely) County of Tyrol was an estate of the Holy Roman Empire established about 1140. After 1253, it was ruled by the House of Gorizia and from 1363 by the House of Habsburg. In 1804, the County of Tyrol, unified with the secularised pr ...

( complete list) – :*

, Count (1490–1519)

Bavarian

Duchy of Bavaria The Duchy of Bavaria (German: ''Herzogtum Bayern'') was a frontier region in the southeastern part of the Merovingian kingdom from the sixth through the eighth century. It was settled by Bavarian tribes and ruled by dukes (''duces'') under Fr ...

Bavaria-Landshut Bavaria-Landshut (german: Bayern-Landshut) was a duchy in the Holy Roman Empire from 1353 to 1503. History The creation of the duchy was the result of the death of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian. In the Treaty of Landsberg 1349, which divided u ...

Bavaria-Munich Bavaria-Munich (german: Bayern-München) was a duchy that was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1392 to 1505. History After the death of Stephen II in 1375, his sons Stephen III, Frederick, and John II jointly ruled Bavaria-La ...

Bavaria-Dachau Sigismund of Bavaria (26 July 1439 – 1 February 1501) was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty. He ruled as Duke of Bavaria-Munich from 1460 to 1467, and then as Duke of Bavaria-Dachau until his death. Biography Sigismund was the third son of ...

( complete list) – :*

Sigismund Sigismund (variants: Sigmund, Siegmund) is a German proper name, meaning "protection through victory", from Old High German ''sigu'' "victory" + ''munt'' "hand, protection". Tacitus latinises it ''Segimundus''. There appears to be an older form of ...

, co-Duke of Bavaria-Munich (1460–1467), Duke of Bavaria-Dachau (1467–1501) :* George I the Rich, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut (1479–1503) :* Albert IV the Wise, Duke of Bavaria-Munich (1465–1505), of Bavaria (1505–1508) :* William IV the Steadfast, Duke of Bavaria-Munich (1460–1508), of Bavaria-Landshut (1503–1508), of Bavaria (1508–1550) :*

Louis X Louis X may refer to: * Louis X of France, "the Quarreller" (1289–1316). * Louis X, Duke of Bavaria (1495–1545) * Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse (1753–1830). * Louis Farrakhan (formerly Louis X), head of the Nation of Islam {{hndis ...

, co-Duke (1516–1545) :* Albert V the Magnanimous, Duke (1550–1579) :* William V the Pious, Duke (1579–1597) :*

, Duke (1597–1623), Elector (1623–1651) * Berchtesgaden Prince-Provostry ( complete list) – :*Balthasar Hirschauer, Provost (1496–1508) :*Gregor Rainer, Provost (1508–1522) :*Wolfgang I Lenberger, Provost (1523–1541) :*Wolfgang II Griestätter, Provost (1541–1559), Prince-provost (1559–1567) :*Jakob II Putrich, Prince-provost (1567–1594) :* Ferdinand of Bavaria, Prince-provost (1594–1650) *

Prince-Bishopric of Freising The Prince-Bishopric of Freising (German: ''Hochstift Freising'') was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1294 until its secularisation in the early years of the 19th century. The Prince-Bishopric of Freising should ...

( complete list) – :*

Philip of the Palatinate Philip of the Palatinate (german: Philipp von der Pfalz; 5 July 1480 in Heidelberg – 5 January 1541 in Freising) was Prince-Bishop of Freising (1498–1541) and Naumburg (1517–1541). He was a member of the house of Wittelsbach, and the son ...

, Prince-bishop (1498–1541) :* Henry II of the Palatinate, Prince-bishop (1541–1552) :*

Leo Lösch of Hilkertshausen Leo or Léo may refer to: Acronyms * Law enforcement officer * Law enforcement organisation * ''Louisville Eccentric Observer'', a free weekly newspaper in Louisville, Kentucky * Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity Arts an ...

, Prince-bishop (1552–1559) :* Moritz of Sandizell, Prince-bishop (1559–1566) :*

Ernest of Bavaria Ernest of Bavaria (german: Ernst von Bayern) (17 December 1554 – 17 February 1612) was Prince-elector-archbishop of the Archbishopric of Cologne from 1583 to 1612 as successor of the expelled Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg. He was also bishop ...

, Prince-bishop (1566–1612) * Landgraviate of Leuchtenberg ( de:complete list) – :* John IV, Landgrave (1487–1531) :*

George III George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Br ...

, Landgrave (1531–1555) :*

Louis Henry Louis Henry (1911 – 1991) was a French historian. He was the founder of the historical demography and one-place study fields. His 1956 book co-written with Michel Fleury, ''Des registres paroissiaux à l'histoire de la population. Manuel de dép ...

, Landgrave (1555–1567) :*, Landgrave (1567–1613) * Prince-Abbey of Niedermünster ( complete list) – :*Agnes von Rothafft, Abbess (1475–1520) :*Barbara II von Aham, Abbess (1520–1569) :*Anna II von Kirmbreith, Abbess (1569–1598) :*Katharina II Scheifflin, Abbess (1598–1605) * Prince-Abbey of Obermünster ( complete list) – :*Agnes II von Paulsdorff, Abbess (1500–?) :*Katharina II von Redwitz, Abbess (1533–1536) :*Wandula von Schaumberg, Abbess (1536–1542) :*Barbara II von Sandizell, Abbess (?–1564) :*Barbara III Ratzin, Abbess (1564–1579) :*Magdalena von Gleissenthal, Abbess (1579–1594) :*Margarethe II Mufflin, Abbess (1594–1608) *

Imperial County of Ortenburg The Imperial County of Ortenburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in present-day Lower Bavaria, Germany. It was located on the lands around Ortenburg Castle, about west of Passau. Though the Counts of Ortenburg—formerly ''Ortenberg''—em ...

( complete list) – :*Wolfgang, Count (1490–1519) :*Ulrich II, Count (1519–1524) :*Christoph, Count (1524–1551) :*Joachim, Count (1551–1600) :*Henry VII, Count (1600–1603) *

Pappenheim Pappenheim is a town in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Altmühl, 11 km south of Weißenburg in Bayern. History Historically, Pappenheim was a statelet within Holy Roman Empire. It ...

( complete list) – :*William, Lord (1482–1508) :*Joachim, Lord (1508–1536) :*Wolfgang I, Lord (1536–1558) :*Christopher, Lord (1558–1569) :*Wolfgang II, Lord (1558–1585) :*Philip, Lord (1558–1619) *

Prince-Bishopric of Passau The Diocese of Passau is a Roman Catholic diocese in Germany that is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising.complete list) – :*

Wiguleus Fröschl of Marzoll Wiguleus Fröschl of Marzoll (4 April 1445, in Marzoll (today part of Bad Reichenhall) – 6 November 1517, in Passau) was a German nobleman. From 1500 until his death, he was Prince- archbishop of Passau. Life Fröschl descended from a we ...

, Prince-Bishop (1500–1517) :*

, Administrator (1517–1541) :* Wolfgang of Salm, Prince-Bishop (1541–1555) :* Wolfgang of Closen, Prince-Bishop (1555–1561) :* Urban of Trennbach, Prince-Bishop (1561–1598) :*

Leopold V, Archduke of Austria Leopold V, Archduke of Further Austria (October 9, 1586 – September 13, 1632) was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria, and the younger brother of Emperor Ferdinand II, father of Ferdinand Charles, Archduke of Further Austria. ...

, Prince-Bishop (1598–1625) *

Palatinate-Sulzbach Palatinate-Sulzbach was the name of two separate states of the Holy Roman Empire located in modern Amberg-Sulzbach, Bavaria, Germany, ruled by a branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Palatinate-Sulzbach (1569–1604) Palatinate-Sulzbach was pa ...

– :* Otto Henry, Count (1569–1604) *

Prince-Bishopric of Regensburg The Prince-Bishopric of Regensburg (german: link=no, Fürstbistum Regensburg; Hochstift Regensburg) was a small ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire located near the Free Imperial City of Regensburg in Bavaria. It was elevated ...

( complete list) – :* Rupert II, Prince-bishop (1492–1507) :*

John III of the Palatinate John III of the Palatinate (7 May 1488 in Heidelberg – 3 February 1538) was the 48th Archbishop of Regensburg. He reigned from 1507 until his death. Background John III of the Palatine was a member of the House of Wittelsbach. His father ...

, Prince-bishop (1507–1538) :*Pankraz von Sinzenhofen, Prince-bishop (1538–1548) :*Georg von Pappenheim, Prince-bishop (1548–1563) :*Vitus von Fraunberg, Prince-bishop (1563–1567) :*David Kölderer von Burgstall, Prince-bishop (1567–1579) :*

Philipp von Bayern Philipp Wilhelm of Bavaria (22 September 1576, Munich – 18 May 1598, Dachau) was a German cardinal. Life The son of William V, Duke of Bavaria and Renata of Lorraine, he studied theology and philosophy at Ingolstadt University with his younger ...

, Prince-bishop (1579–1598) :* Sigmund von Fugger, Prince-bishop (1598–1600) :*Wolfgang II von Hausen, Prince-bishop (1600–1613) *

Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg The Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg (german: Fürsterzbistum Salzburg; Erzstift Salzburg; Erzbistum Salzburg) was an ecclesiastical principality and state of the Holy Roman Empire. It comprised the secular territory ruled by the archbishops of ...

( complete list) – :*

Leonhard von Keutschach Leonhard von Keutschach (c. 1442 – 8 June 1519) was Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1495 until his death, the last to rule in the feudal style. Biography He was probably born at Viktring in Carinthia, the son of Otto von Keutschach, a ...

, Prince-archbishop (1495–1519) :*

Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg (1469 – 30 March 1540) was a statesman of the Holy Roman Empire, a Cardinal and Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1519 to his death. Life Matthäus Lang was the son of a burgher of Augsburg and later received ...

, Prince-archbishop (1519–1540) :*

, Prince-archbishop (1540–1554) :* Michael of Khuenburg, Prince-archbishop (1554–1560) :* John Jacob of Khun-Bellasy, Prince-archbishop (1560–1586) :*

George of Kuenburg George may refer to: People * George (given name) * George (surname) * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Washington, First President of the United States * George W. Bush, 43rd President ...

, Prince-archbishop (1586–1587) :*

Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau (26 March 1559 – 16 January 1617) was Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1587 to 1612. Life Raitenau was born at Hofen Castle in Lochau, near Bregenz in Further Austria, the son of the Habsburg colonel Hans Werne ...

, Prince-archbishop (1587–1612)

Bohemian and Hungary

''Bohemia'', ''Hungary'' *

Kingdom of Bohemia The Kingdom of Bohemia ( cs, České království),; la, link=no, Regnum Bohemiae sometimes in English literature referred to as the Czech Kingdom, was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, the predecessor of the modern Czec ...

Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526) In the Late Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Hungary, a country in Central Europe, experienced a period of interregnum in the early 14th century. Royal power was restored under Charles I of Hungary, Charles I (1308–1342), a scion of the Capetia ...

/ (1526–1867),

Margraviate of Moravia The Margraviate of Moravia ( cs, Markrabství moravské; german: Markgrafschaft Mähren) was one of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown within the Holy Roman Empire existing from 1182 to 1918. It was officially administrated by a margrave in cooperat ...

( complete list, complete list, complete list) – :* Vladislaus II, King of Bohemia (1471–1516), of Hungary (1490–1516), Margrave (1490–1516) :* Louis II, King, Margrave (1516–1526) :*

John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second ...

, contested King of Hungary (1526–1540) :* John Sigismund, contested King of Hungary (1540–1551, 1556–1570) :* Ferdinand I, King (1526–1564), Margrave (1527–1564) :* Maximilian II, King of Bohemia (1562–1576), of Hungary, Margrave (1564–1576) :*

, King of Bohemia (1576–1611), of Hungary, Margrave (1576–1608) * Duchy of Cieszyn (Teschen) ( complete list) – :* Casimir II, Duke (1477–1528) :*

Wenceslaus II Wenceslaus II Přemyslid ( cs, Václav II.; pl, Wacław II Czeski; 27 SeptemberK. Charvátová, ''Václav II. Král český a polský'', Prague 2007, p. 18. 1271 – 21 June 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1 ...

, Duke (1518–1524) :* Wenceslaus III Adam, Duke (1528–1579) :* Adam Wenceslaus, Duke (1579–1617)

Burgundian-Low Countries

County of Artois The County of Artois (, ) was a historic province of the Kingdom of France, held by the Dukes of Burgundy from 1384 until 1477/82, and a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1493 until 1659. Present Artois lies in northern France, on the border ...

( complete list) – ::''For the preceding rulers, see the County of Artois under the List of state leaders in the 15th century'' :*

Philip I of Castile Philip the Handsome, es, Felipe, french: Philippe, nl, Filips (22 July 1478 – 25 September 1506), also called the Fair, was ruler of the Burgundian Netherlands and titular ruler, titular Duke of Burgundy from 1482 to 1506, as well as the fir ...

, Count (1482–1506) :*

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, french: Charles Quint, it, Carlo V, nl, Karel V, ca, Carles V, la, Carolus V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain (Crown of Castile, Castil ...

, Count (1506–1556) ::''under the

Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 The Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 was an edict, promulgated by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, reorganising the Seventeen Provinces of the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg into one indivisible territory, while retaining existing custom ...

Charles V united Artois with the other lordships of the Low Countries'' :*

Philip II of Spain Philip II) in Spain, while in Portugal and his Italian kingdoms he ruled as Philip I ( pt, Filipe I). (21 May 152713 September 1598), also known as Philip the Prudent ( es, Felipe el Prudente), was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from ...

, Count (1556–1598) :*

Isabella Clara Eugenia Isabella Clara Eugenia ( es, link=no, Isabel Clara Eugenia; 12 August 1566 – 1 December 1633), sometimes referred to as Clara Isabella Eugenia, was sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands in the Low Countries and the north of modern France with ...

, Countess, and

Albert Albert may refer to: Companies * Albert (supermarket), a supermarket chain in the Czech Republic * Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain in the Netherlands * Albert Market, a street market in The Gambia * Albert Productions, a record label * Albert ...

, Count (1598–1621) *

County of Burgundy The Free County of Burgundy or Franche-Comté (french: Franche Comté de Bourgogne; german: Freigrafschaft Burgund) was a medieval county (from 982 to 1678) of the Holy Roman Empire, predecessor to the modern region of Franche-Comté. The name ' ...

( complete list) – :* Philip VI the Handsome, Count (1482–1506) :* Charles II, Count (1506–1556) :* Philip VII, Count (1556–1598) :*

, Countess, and

, Count (1598–1621) *

Duchy of Brabant The Duchy of Brabant was a State of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries, part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg Neth ...

( complete list) – :* Philip III, Duke (1494–1506) :* Charles II, Duke (1506–1555) :*

Philip IV Philip IV may refer to: * Philip IV of Macedon (died 297 BC) * Philip IV of France (1268–1314), Avignon Papacy * Philip IV of Burgundy or Philip I of Castile (1478–1506) * Philip IV, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (1542–1602) * Philip IV of Spain ...

, Duke (1555–1598) :*

, Duchess,

, Duke (1598–1621) *

County of Drenthe The County of Drenthe ( nl, Landschap Drenthe, german: Grafschaft Drente), was a province of the Holy Roman Empire from 1046, and of the Dutch Republic from 1581 until 1795. It corresponds to the area west of the lower Ems, today the eponymous p ...

( complete list) – ::''For the preceding rulers, see the County of Drenthe under the #Lower Rhenish–Westphalian'' :*

Jean de Ligne Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * Jean ...

, Stadtholder (1549–1568) :*

Charles de Brimeu Charles de Brimeu (1524 or 1525 – 1572 in Zwolle), was the last count of Megen, Meghem, lord of Humbercourt, of Houdain and Éperlecques. He was grandson of Guy of Brimeu, who was beheaded in Ghent. He became the last ceremonial Hereditary Marsh ...

, Stadtholder (1568–1572) :* Gillis of Berlaymont, Stadtholder (1572–1574) :*

Caspar de Robles Caspar de Robles or Gaspard di Robles (1527, Madrid, Spain – 1585, Antwerp), also known as ''Billy'' in Artois, was Stadholder of Friesland and Groningen at the beginning of the Eighty Years' War (reign: 1568 to 1576). Family Robles was the s ...

, Stadtholder (1574–1576) :*

George de Lalaing George de Lalaing count Rennenberg (c. 1550 – 23 July 1581), was stadtholder of Friesland, Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel in the service of Philip II of Spain from 1577 to 1581. The Lalaing family came from Hainaut and had a tradition o ...

, Stadtholder (1576–1581) ::''For the succeeding rulers, see the County of Drenthe under the List of state leaders in the 16th century'' *

County of Flanders The County of Flanders was a historic territory in the Low Countries. From 862 onwards, the counts of Flanders were among the original twelve peers of the Kingdom of France. For centuries, their estates around the cities of Ghent, Bruges and Ypr ...

( complete list) – :* Philip IV the Handsome, Count (1482–1506) :*

Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. He was the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales and, at age 73, became the oldest person to ...

, Count (1506–1555) :*

Philip V Philip V may refer to: * Philip V of Macedon (221–179 BC) * Philip V of France (1293–1322) * Philip II of Spain, also Philip V, Duke of Burgundy (1526–1598) * Philip V of Spain Philip V ( es, Felipe; 19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746) was ...

, Count (1555–1598) :*

, Countess (1598–1621) *

Lordship of Frisia The Lordship of Frisia or Lordship of Friesland ( fry, Hearlikheid Fryslân, nl, Heerlijkheid Friesland) was a feudal dominion in the Netherlands. It was formed in 1498 by Maximilian of Habsburg and reformed in 1524 when Emperor Charles V conque ...

( complete list) – :*

Floris van Egmont Floris van Egmond (ca. 1470 – 25 October 1539) was count of Buren and Leerdam and Lord of IJsselstein and Sint Maartensdijk. He was stadtholder of Guelders (1507–1511) and Friesland (1515–1518) Floris was the son of Frederik van Egmond an ...

, Stadtholder (1515–1518) :*

Wilhelm von Roggendorf Wilhelm Freiherr von Roggendorf (1481 – 25 August 1541) was an Austrian military commander and Hofmeister. He was a son of , and thus member of the ancient family from Styria, which ruled in Lower Austria since the middle of the 15th century. ...

, Stadtholder (1518–1521) :*

Georg Schenck van Tautenburg Georg Schenck van Toutenburg (German - ''Georg Schenk von Tautenburg'') (1480 – 2 February 1540) was Stadhouder of Friesland (1521-1540). Later he was also Stadholder of Overijssel, Drenthe and Groningen. His son Frederick was the first ...

, Stadtholder (1521–1540) :*

Jancko Douwama Jancko Douwama was a Frisian nobleman who fought to free Friesland from foreign rule during the Vetkopers and Schieringers conflict, the Saxon feud and the Guelders Wars. Biography He was born around 1482 into a Vetkoper 'hoofdelingen' or 'unt ...

, Frisian rebel/ Stadtholder (1522–?) :*

Maximiliaan van Egmond Maximiliaan of Egmont (1509–1548) was Count of Buren and Leerdam, and Stadtholder of Friesland (succeeding George Schenck) from 1540 until 1548. He was the son of Floris van Egmont whom he succeeded as count after his father's death in 1539. B ...

, Stadtholder (1559–1548) :*

, Stadtholder (1559–1568) :*

, Stadtholder (1568–1572) :*

Gillis van Berlaymont Gilles van Berlaymont (c. 1545 – 18 June 1579 in Maastricht) was stadtholder for the Spanish Crown of Drenthe, Friesland, Groningen and Overijssel (1572-1573), stadtholder of Guelders (1572–1577), substitute stadtholder of Holland, Zeelan ...

, Stadtholder (1572–1574) :*

, Stadtholder (1574–1576) :*

, Stadtholder (1576–1581) ::''For the succeeding rulers, see the Lordship of Frisia under the List of state leaders in the 16th century'' *

Lordship of Groningen The Lordship of Groningen ( nl, Heerlijkheid Groningen) was a lordship under the rule of the House of Habsburg between 1536 and 1594, which is the present-day province of Groningen. Before 1536 A distinction must be made between the City of Gr ...

( complete list) – ::''For the preceding rulers, see the Lordship of Groningen under the #Lower Rhenish–Westphalian'' :*

, Stadtholder (1549–1568) :*

, Stadtholder (1568–1572) :*

, Stadtholder (1572–1574) :*

, Stadtholder (1574–1576) :*

, Stadtholder (1576–1581) ::''For the succeeding rulers, see the Lordship of Groningen under the List of state leaders in the 16th century'' *

Duchy of Guelders The Duchy of Guelders ( nl, Gelre, french: Gueldre, german: Geldern) is a historical duchy, previously county, of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the Low Countries. Geography The duchy was named after the town of Geldern (''Gelder'') in p ...

::''For the preceding rulers, see the Duchy of Guelders under the #Lower Rhenish–Westphalian'' :*Dukes ( complete list) – :::''under the

Charles V united Guelders with the other lordships of the Low Countries'' ::*

, Duke (1543–1555) ::*

Philip II Philip II may refer to: * Philip II of Macedon (382–336 BC) * Philip II (emperor) (238–249), Roman emperor * Philip II, Prince of Taranto (1329–1374) * Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (1342–1404) * Philip II, Duke of Savoy (1438-1497) * Philip ...

, Duke (1555–1598) :*

Stadtholder In the Low Countries, ''stadtholder'' ( nl, stadhouder ) was an office of steward, designated a medieval official and then a national leader. The ''stadtholder'' was the replacement of the duke or count of a province during the Burgundian and H ...

s ( complete list) – ::* Philip de Lalaing, Stadtholder (1544–1555) ::*

Philip de Montmorency Philip de Montmorency (ca. 1524 – 5 June 1568 in Brussels), also known as Count of Horn, ''Horne'', ''Hoorne'' or ''Hoorn'', was a victim of the Inquisition in the Spanish Netherlands. Biography De Montmorency was born as the eldest of four ch ...

, Stadtholder (1555–1560) ::*

Karel van Brimeu Charles de Brimeu (1524 or 1525 – 1572 in Zwolle), was the last count of Megen, Meghem, lord of Humbercourt, of Houdain and Éperlecques. He was grandson of Guy of Brimeu, who was beheaded in Ghent. He became the last ceremonial Hereditary Marsh ...

, Stadtholder (1560–1572) ::*

, Stadtholder (1572–1577) ::* Johann VI, Stadtholder (1578–1581) ::''For the succeeding rulers, see the Duchy of Guelders under the List of state leaders in the 16th century'' *

Upper Guelders {{unreferenced, date=November 2011 Upper Guelders or Spanish Guelders was one of the four quarters in the Imperial Duchy of Guelders. In the Dutch Revolt, it was the only quarter that did not secede from the Habsburg monarchy to become part of the ...

( complete list) – ::''For the preceding rulers, see the Upper Guelders under the #Lower Rhenish–Westphalian'' :* Jan van Argenteau, Stadtholder (1579–1589) :* Marcus de Rye de la Palud, Stadtholder (1589–1592) :* Charles of Ligne, Stadtholder (1592–1593) :*

Herman van den Bergh Herman, Count van den Bergh (2 August 1558 in Huis Bergh, 's-Heerenberg, Gelderland – 12 August 1611 in Spa) was a Dutch soldier in the Eighty Years' War, knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece and stadtholder of Spanish Guelders. Life In 15 ...

, Stadtholder (1593–1611) *

County of Hainaut The County of Hainaut (french: Comté de Hainaut; nl, Graafschap Henegouwen; la, comitatus hanoniensis), sometimes spelled Hainault, was a territorial lordship within the medieval Holy Roman Empire that straddled what is now the border of Belg ...

( complete list) – :* Philip I de Croÿ, Stadtholder (1482–1511) :*

Charles I de Croÿ Charles I de Croÿ (1455–1527), Count and later 1st Prince of Chimay, was a nobleman and politician from the Low Countries in the service of the House of Habsburg. Career Charles was born in the House of Croÿ as eldest son of Philip I of Croÿ- ...

, Stadtholder (1511–1521) :* Philip II de Croÿ, Stadtholder (1521–1549) :*

Charles II de Lalaing Charles II of Lalaing (1506 in Lallaing? – 23 November 1558 in Brussels) was Count of Lalaing, Lord of Escornaix and stadtholder of the County of Hainaut. Family He was the eldest son of Charles I de Lalaing (died 1525) and Jacqueline of Luxe ...

, Stadtholder (1549–1558) :*

, Stadtholder (1558–1560) :*

John IV of Glymes John IV of Glymes, 2nd Marquess of Berghes (1528–1567), Grand Huntsman of Brabant, was a noble from the Low Countries. He was the son of Anthony of Glymes (1500–1541) and Jacqueline de Croÿ, sister of Philippe II de Croÿ. He succeeded his ...

, Stadtholder (1560–1566) :*

Philip of Noircarmes Philippe René Nivelon Louis de Sainte-Aldegonde, Lord of Noircarmes (c. 1530 – Utrecht, 5 March 1574) was a statesman and soldier from the Habsburg Netherlands in the service of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Philip II of Spain. He gaine ...

, Stadtholder (1566–1574) :* Philip de Lalaing, Stadtholder (1574–1582) :*

Emanuel Philibert de Lalaing Emanuel Filibert van Lalaing (Valenciennes, May 5, 1557 – Mons December 27, 1590) was a noble and army commander from the Low Countries. Emanuel Philibert was the third son of Charles II de Lalaing and Marie of Montmorency. He was Lord of Montig ...

, Stadtholder (1582–1590) :*

Charles III de Croÿ Charles III de Croÿ (Beaumont, Hainaut, 1 July 1560 – Beaumont, 12 January 1612) was Seigneur de Croÿ, 4th Duke of Aarschot, 5th Prince of Chimay and 5th Count of Beaumont. He played an important role on both sides of the Dutch Revolt. He ...

, Stadtholder (1592–1606) *

County of Holland The County of Holland was a State of the Holy Roman Empire and from 1433 part of the Burgundian Netherlands, from 1482 part of the Habsburg Netherlands and from 1581 onward the leading province of the Dutch Republic, of which it remained a part ...

and

County of Zeeland The County of Zeeland ( nl, Graafschap Zeeland) was a county of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries. It covered an area in the Scheldt and Meuse delta roughly corresponding to the modern Dutch province of Zeeland. The County of Zeeland d ...

:*Counts ( complete list) – :::''under the

Charles V united Holland with the other lordships of the Low Countries'' ::* Philip II the Handsome, Count (1494–1506) ::* Charles II, Count (1515–1555) ::* Philip III, Count (1555–1581) :*

s ( complete list) – ::* Jan III van Egmond, Stadtholder (1483–1515) ::*

Henry III of Nassau-Breda Count Henry III of Nassau-Dillenburg-Dietz (January 12, 1483, Siegen – September 14, 1538, Breda), Lord (from 1530 Baron) of Breda, Lord of the Lek, of Dietz, etc. was a count of the House of Nassau. He was the son of Count John V of Nassau-D ...

, Stadtholder (1515–1521) ::*

Antoon I van Lalaing Antoine I de Lalaing (1480–1540), 1st count of Hoogstraten and of Culemborg, was a Hainautese nobleman who held various offices in the court of the Dukes of Burgundy. Life De Lalaing was a son of Joost de Lalaing and Bonne van Viefville. He ...

, Stadtholder (1522–1540) ::*

René of Châlon René (''born again'' or ''reborn'' in French) is a common first name in French-speaking, Spanish-speaking, and German-speaking countries. It derives from the Latin name Renatus. René is the masculine form of the name (Renée being the feminine ...

, Stadtholder (1540–1544) ::* Louis of Flanders, Stadtholder (1544–1546) ::*

Maximilian of Burgundy Maximilian of Burgundy (1514–1558), marquis of Veere and Lord of Beveren, was a noble from the Low Countries in the service of the Habsburgs. Family Maximilian was the son of Adolf of Burgundy and Anna of Bergen. He was a descendant of Antoin ...

, Stadtholder (1547–1558) ::*

William I William I; ang, WillelmI (Bates ''William the Conqueror'' p. 33– 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087 ...

, Stadtholder (1559–1567) ::* Maximilien de Hénin, Stadtholder (1567–1573) ::*

, Stadtholder (1573–1574) ::*

, Stadtholder (1574–1577) ::*

, Stadtholder (1572–1584) :*

Grand pensionaries Grand may refer to: People with the name * Grand (surname) * Grand L. Bush (born 1955), American actor * Grand Mixer DXT, American turntablist * Grand Puba (born 1966), American rapper Places * Grand, Oklahoma * Grand, Vosges, village and commun ...

( complete list) – ::* Frans Coebel van der Loo, Grand Pensionary (1500–1513) ::*

Albrecht van Loo Albrecht van Loo (The Hague, around 1472 - The Hague, January 5, 1525) was a Dutch Grand pensionary. Biography Van Loo studied at the universities of Leuven and Orléans. Until 1505 he was city attorney of Dordrecht. At the Hof van Holland, Zee ...

, Grand Pensionary (1513–1524) ::*

Aert van der Goes Aert van der Goes (1475 - 1 November 1545) was a member of the House of Goes and a Dutch Grand Pensionary. He studied at the University of Leuven. Life Aert van der Goes was born in Delft, and was a lawyer and pensionary of Delft from 1508–1 ...

, Grand Pensionary (1525–1544) ::*

Adriaen van der Goes Adriaen van der Goes (Delft, around 1505 - Delft, 5 November 1560) was a Dutch Grand pensionary. He was the son of Grand pensionary of Holland Aert van der Goes, and he succeeded his father in this position. Biography Presumably Van der Goes s ...

, Grand Pensionary (1544–1560) ::*

Jacob van den Eynde Jacob van den Eynde (c. 1515 – 8 or 12 March 1569) was a Dutch statesman, Pensionary of the Brugse Vrije, Pensionary of Delft, and Grand Pensionary of Holland. Jacob van den Eynde was first Councilor and Pensionary of Delft. In 1560 he became ...

, Grand Pensionary (1560–1568) ::*

Paulus Buys Paulus Buys, '' heer van Zevenhoven and'' (from 1592) ''Capelle ter Vliet'' (1531, in Amersfoort – 4 May 1594, at Manor house, IJsselstein ) was Grand Pensionary of Holland between 1572 and 1584. Life Buys was born in a wealthy family in Amers ...

, Grand Pensionary (1572–1584) ::*

Johan van Oldenbarnevelt Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (), Heer van Berkel en Rodenrijs (1600), Gunterstein (1611) and Bakkum (1613) (14 September 1547 – 13 May 1619) was a Dutch statesman and revolutionary who played an important role in the Dutch struggle for indepen ...

, Grand Pensionary (1586–1619) :::''For the succeeding rulers, look under the List of state leaders in the 16th century'' *

Duchy of Limburg The Duchy of Limburg or Limbourg was an imperial estate of the Holy Roman Empire. Much of the area of the duchy is today located within Liège Province of Belgium, with a small portion in the municipality of Voeren, an Enclave and exclave, excla ...

( complete list) – :* Philip III the Handsome, Duke (1482–1506) :* Charles II, Duke (1506–1555) ::''under the

Charles V united Limburg with the other lordships of the Low Countries'' :*

, Duke (1555–1598) :*

Isabella Isabella may refer to: People and fictional characters * Isabella (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Isabella (surname), including a list of people Places United States * Isabella, Alabama, an unincorpor ...

, Duchess, and

, Duke (1598–1621) *

Duchy of Luxembourg The Duchy of Luxemburg ( nl, Luxemburg; french: Luxembourg; german: Luxemburg; lb, Lëtzebuerg) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, the ancestral homeland of the noble House of Luxembourg. The House of Luxembourg, now Duke of Limburg, becam ...

::''For the preceding rulers, see the Duchy of Luxemburg under the #Lower Rhenish–Westphalian'' :*Dukes ( complete list) – :::''under the

Charles V united Luxembourg with the other lordships of the Low Countries'' ::* Philip III, Duke (1556–1598) ::*

, Duchess, and

, Duke (1598–1621) :*

s ( complete list) – ::*

Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort (20 July 1517 – 25 May 1604) was a Spanish Empire, Spanish Imperial army commander of Germans, German origin and Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1592 to 1594. Born in Heldrungen, Saxony, he was th ...

, Stadtholder (1545–1552, 1559–1604) ::*

Maarten van Rossum Maarten van Rossum (c. 1478 – June 7, 1555) was a military tactician of the duchy of Guelders who became field marshal in the service of Charles, Duke of Guelders. He was greatly feared outside his home country for the ruthless manner in ...

, Stadtholder (1552–1555) ::*

, Stadtholder (1556–1558) *

County of Namur Namur ( nl, Namen) was a county of the Carolingian and later Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, a region in northwestern Europe. Its territories largely correspond with the present-day Belgian arrondissement Namur plus the northwestern part ...

( complete list) – :*

Maximilian Maximilian, Maximillian or Maximiliaan (Maximilien in French) is a male given name. The name " Max" is considered a shortening of "Maximilian" as well as of several other names. List of people Monarchs *Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (1459� ...

, Margrave (1493–1519) :* Charles II, Margrave (1519–1556) ::''under the

Charles V united Namur with the other lordships of the Low Countries'' :*

, Margrave (1556–1598) :*

, Margravine (1598–1621) *

Lordship of Overijssel The Lordship of Overijssel or Overissel (Latin: ''Transisalania''Christyn, Jean Baptiste. Histoire Generale Des Pais-Bas: Contenant la Description Des XVII Provinces : Divisée en IV. volumes, augmentée de plusieurs remarques curieuses, de nouve ...

( complete list) – ::''For the preceding rulers, see the Lordship of Overijssel under the #Lower Rhenish–Westphalian'' :*

, Stadtholder (1548–1568) :*

, Stadtholder (1568–1572) :*

, Stadtholder (1572–1573) :*

, Stadtholder (1573–1576) :*

, Stadtholder (1576–1581) ::''For the succeeding rulers, see the Lordship of Overijssel under the List of state leaders in the 16th century'' *

Lordship of Utrecht The Lordship of Utrecht was formed in 1528 when Charles V of Habsburg conquered the Bishopric of Utrecht, during the Guelders Wars. In 1528, at the demand of Henry of the Palatinate, Prince-Bishop of Utrecht, Habsburg forces under Georg Schenck ...

:*Lords – ::* Charles II, Count (1528–1555) :::''under the

Charles V united Utrecht with the other lordships of the Low Countries'' ::* Philip III, Count (1555–1581) :*

s ( complete list) – ::*

, Stadtholder (1528–1540) ::*

, Stadtholder (1540–1544) ::* Louis of Flanders, Stadtholder (1544–1546) ::*

, Stadtholder (1547–1558) ::''For the succeeding rulers, see the Lordship of Utrecht under the #Burgundian-Low Countries''

Franconian

Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg The Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg (german: Hochstift Bamberg) was an ecclesiastical State of the Holy Roman Empire. It goes back to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bamberg established at the 1007 synod in Frankfurt, at the behest of King Henry II ...

( complete list) – :* Heinrich Groß von Trockau, Prince-bishop (1487–1501) :* Veit Truchseß von Pommersfelden, Prince-bishop (1501–1503) :*

Georg Marschalk von Ebnet Georg Marschalk von Ebnet (died 1505) was the Prince-Bishop of Bamberg from 1503 to 1505. Biography Georg Marschalk von Ebnet was a member of the Marschalk von Ebnet family, which derived its name from being hereditary Marshal of Ebnet, now a di ...

, Prince-bishop (1503–1505) :*

Georg Schenk von Limpurg Georg Schenk von Limpurg (1470–1522) was the Prince-Bishop of Bamberg from 1505 to 1522. Biography Georg Schenk von Limpurg was born in Obersontheim in 1470. He was elected Prince-Bishop of Bamberg on 13 February 1505, with Pope Julius II ...

, Prince-bishop (1505–1522) :*

Weigand von Redwitz Weigand of Redwitz (1476 in Tüschnitz, now part of Küps – 20 May 1556 in Kronach) was Prince-Bishop of Bamberg from 1522 until his death. Background Weigand of Redwitz was a member of the Franconian Redwitz family. The Redwitzes were ...

, Prince-bishop (1522–1556) :* Georg Fuchs von Rügheim, Prince-bishop (1556–1561) :*

Veit von Würzburg Veit von Würzburg (1519–1577) was the Prince-Bishop of Bamberg from 1561 to 1577. Biography Veit von Würzburg was born in Rothenkirchen, now incorporated into Pressig, on 15 June 1519. He was elected Prince-Bishop of Bamberg on 22 April ...

, Prince-bishop (1561–1577) :*

Johann Georg Zobel von Giebelstadt Johann Georg Zobel von Giebelstadt (1543–1580) was the Prince-Bishop of Bamberg from 1577 to 1580. Biography Johann Georg Zobel von Giebelstadt was born on 20 July 1543 to Hans Zobel von Giebelstadt and Apollonia (born von Bibra). He was ele ...

, Prince-bishop (1577–1580) :*

Martin von Eyb Martin von Eyb (1543–1594) was the Prince-Bishop of Bamberg from 1580 to 1583. Biography Martin von Eyb was born in Eybburg, which is now a part of Ansbach, in 1543. He was elected Prince-Bishop of Bamberg on 11 October 1580, with Pope Grego ...

, Prince-bishop (1580–1583) :*

Ernst von Mengersdorf Ernst von Mengersdorf (1554–1591) was the Prince-Bishop of Bamberg from 1583 to 1591. Biography Ernst von Mengersdorf was born in Bamberg on October 23, 1554. He was elected Prince-Bishop of Bamberg on September 2, 1583, with Pope Gregory ...

, Prince-bishop (1583–1591) :*

Neytard von Thüngen Neytard von Thüngen (1 May 1545 – 26 December 1598) was the Prince-Bishop of Bamberg from 1591 to 1598. Biography Neytard von Thüngen was born in Wüstensachsen (today a district of Ehrenberg, Hesse) on 1 May 1545.Johann Philipp von Gebsattel Johann Philipp von Gebsattel (13 May 1555 – 26 June 1609) was the Prince-Bishop of Bamberg from 1599 to 1609. Biography Johann Philipp von Gebsattel was born on 13 May 1555. He was elected Prince-Bishop of Bamberg on 4 February 1599, with ...

, Prince-bishop (1599–1609) *

Brandenburg-Ansbach The Principality or Margraviate of (Brandenburg-)Ansbach (german: Fürstentum Ansbach or ) was a principality in the Holy Roman Empire centered on the Franconian city of Ansbach. The ruling House of Hohenzollern, Hohenzollern princes of the land ...

( complete list) – :* Frederick the Elder, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1486–1536), of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1495–1515) :* George I the Pious, Regent of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1527–1541), Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1536–1543) :*

Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg Joachim II (german: Joachim II Hector or ''Hektor''; 13 January 1505 – 3 January 1571) was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (1535–1571), the sixth member of the House of Hohenzollern. Joachim II was the eldest son of Joac ...

, Regent (1543–c.1548) :*

Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (13 November 1504 – 31 March 1567), nicknamed (in English: "the Magnanimous"), was a German nobleman and champion of the Protestant Reformation, notable for being one of the most important of the early Protestan ...

, Regent (1543–c.1548) :*

John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony John Frederick I (30 June 1503 in Torgau – 3 March 1554 in Weimar), called the Magnanimous, was the Elector of Saxony (1532–1547) and head of the Schmalkaldic League. Early years John Frederick was the eldest son of Elector John by his firs ...

, Regent (1543–1547) :*

Maurice, Elector of Saxony Maurice (21 March 1521 – 9 July 1553) was Duke (1541–47) and later Elector (1547–53) of Saxony. His clever manipulation of alliances and disputes gained the Albertine branch of the Wettin dynasty extensive lands and the electoral dignity. ...

, Regent (1547–c.1548) :* George Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1543–1603), of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1553–1603) * Brandenburg-Kulmbach (Brandenburg-Bayreuth) ( complete list) – :* Frederick the Elder, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1486–1536), of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1495–1515) :*

Casimir Casimir is classically an English, French and Latin form of the Polish name Kazimierz. Feminine forms are Casimira and Kazimiera. It means "proclaimer (from ''kazać'' to preach) of peace (''mir'')." List of variations *Belarusian: Казі� ...

, Margrave (1515–1527) :* George I the Pious, Regent of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1527–1541), Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1536–1543) :*

Albert Alcibiades Albert II (german: Albrecht; 28 March 15228 January 1557) was the Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (Brandenburg-Bayreuth) from 1527 to 1553. He was a member of the Franconian branch of the House of Hohenzollern. Because of his bellicose nature ...

, Margrave (1527–1553) :* George Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1543–1603), of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1553–1603) *

County of Castell Castell was a county of northern Bavaria, Germany, ruling a string of territories in the historical region of Franconia, both east and west of Würzburg. Little is known about the noble Counts of Castell, although they were the counts of Kreis Gero ...

( complete list) – :*

George I George I or 1 may refer to: People * Patriarch George I of Alexandria ( fl. 621–631) * George I of Constantinople (d. 686) * George I of Antioch (d. 790) * George I of Abkhazia (ruled 872/3–878/9) * George I of Georgia (d. 1027) * Yuri Dolgoruk ...

, Count (1498–1528) :*Wolfgang I, Count (1498–1546) :*Conrad II, Count (1546–1577) :*Frederick XI, Count (1546–1552) :*Henry IV, Count (1546–1595) :*George II, Count (1546–1597) ::''partitioned into

Castell-Remlingen Castell-Remlingen was a County located in the region of Franconia in northern Bavaria, Germany, ruled by a branch of the Counts of Castell. It was created as a partition of Castell in 1597, and in 1668 it was partitioned between itself and Castell ...

and

Castell-Rüdenhausen Castell-Rüdenhausen was a County in the region of Franconia in northern Bavaria of the Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and ...

'' *

Prince-Bishopric of Eichstätt The Prince-Bishopric of Eichstätt (German: ''Hochstift Eichstätt, Fürtsbistum Eichstätt, Bistum Eichstätt'') was a small ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. Centered on the town of Eichstätt, it was located in the present-d ...

( complete list, de) – :*, Prince-bishop (1496–1535) :*, Prince-bishop (1535–1539) :*, Prince-bishop (1539–1552) :*, Prince-bishop (1552–1560) :*, Prince-bishop (1560–1590) :*, Prince-bishop (1590–1595) :*

Johann Konrad von Gemmingen Johann Konrad von Gemmingen (also Conrad) (1561−1612) was Prince bishop of Roman Catholic Diocese of Eichstätt in Bavaria. The bishop was an enthusiastic botanist who derived great pleasure from his garden, which rivaled Hortus Botanicus Leide ...

, Prince-bishop (1595–1612) * Hohenlohe-Neuenstein – :*Ludwig Kasimir, Count (1551–1568) :*Albrecht, co-Count (1568–c.1586) :*Friedrich, co-Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1568–1586), Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1586–1590) :*Philipp, co-Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1568–1586), Count (1586–1606) :*

Wolfgang Wolfgang is a German male given name traditionally popular in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The name is a combination of the Old High German words ''wolf'', meaning "wolf", and ''gang'', meaning "path", "journey", "travel". Besides the regula ...

, co-Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1568–1586), Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim (1586–1606), of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1586–1610) * Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Pfedelbach – :*Ludwig Eberhard of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Pfedelbach (1600–1650) *

Hohenlohe-Weikersheim The House of Hohenlohe () is a German princely dynasty. It ruled an immediate territory within the Holy Roman Empire which was divided between several branches. The Hohenlohes became imperial counts in 1450. The county was divided numerous time ...

– :* Kraft VI, Count (1472–1503) :*Georg, Count (1503–1551) :* Eberhard von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg, Count (1551–1570) :*

, co-Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1568–1586), Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim (1586–1606), of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein (1586–1610) :*

Georg Friedrich I. von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg Georg may refer to: * ''Georg'' (film), 1997 *Georg (musical), Estonian musical * Georg (given name) * Georg (surname) * , a Kriegsmarine coastal tanker See also * George (disambiguation) George may refer to: People * George (given name) * ...

, Count (1570–1600) :*Georg Friedrich II, Count (1600–1635) *

Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg The Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg (german: Fürstbistum Würzburg; Hochstift Würzburg) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire located in Lower Franconia, west of the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg. Würzburg had been a diocese ...

( complete list) – :*

Lorenz von Bibra Lorenz von Bibra, Duke in Franconia (1459, Mellrichstadt – 6 February 1519, Würzburg) was Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Würzburg from 1495 to 1519. His life paralleled that of Maximilian I (1459–1519), who ruled the Holy Roman ...

, Prince-bishop (1495–1519) :*

Konrad von Thüngen Konrad von Thüngen (c. 1466 – 16 June 1540) was the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg from 1519 until his death in 1540. Biography Konrad was born into a Franconian noble family about 1466. He was appointed Prince-Bishop of Würzburg on 15 Fe ...

, Prince-bishop (1519–1540) :*

Conrad von Bibra Conrad von Bibra (or Konrad III von Bibra), Duke in Franconia (1490–1544) was Prince-Bishop of Würzburg from 1540 to 1544. Born in 1490, he studied at the universities of Cologne, Bologna, Erfurt and Ingolstadt. His whole life Conrad seem ...

, Prince-bishop (1540–1544) :* Melchior Zobel von Giebelstadt, Prince-bishop (1544–1558) :* Friedrich von Wirsberg, Prince-bishop (1558–1573) :*

Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn (18 March 1545 – 9 September 1617) was Prince-Bishop of Würzburg from 1573. He was born in Mespelbrunn Castle, Spessart (Lower Franconia) and died in Würzburg. Life He was educated in Mainz, Leuven, D ...

, Prince-bishop (1573–1617)

Electoral Rhenish

Arenberg Arenberg, also spelled as Aremberg or Ahremberg, is a former county, principality and finally duchy that was located in what is now Germany. The Dukes of Arenberg remain a prominent Belgian noble family. History First mentioned in the 12th ...

( complete list) – :*

Margaret Margaret is a female first name, derived via French () and Latin () from grc, μαργαρίτης () meaning "pearl". The Greek is borrowed from Persian. Margaret has been an English name since the 11th century, and remained popular througho ...

, Countess (1544–1576), Princely Countess (1576–1599), and

, Count (1547–1568) :*

Charles Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English language, English and French language, French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic, Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''*k ...

, Princely Count (1599–1616) * Elector-Archbishopric of Cologne ( complete list) – :*

Hermann IV of Hesse Hermann IV of Hesse (german: Hermann von Hessen; "the Peaceful", german: der Friedsame, Latin: ''Pacificus'') (1442 – 27 September 1508) was the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne from 1480 to 1508 and the Prince-Bishop of Paderborn from 1498 to ...

, Archbishop-elector (1480–1508) :* Philip II of Daun-Oberstein, Archbishop-elector (1508–1515) :*

Hermann V von Wied Hermann of Wied (German language, German: ''Hermann von Wied'') (14 January 1477 – 15 August 1552) was the Electorate of Cologne, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne from 1515 to 1546. In 1521, he supported a punishment for German reformer Martin ...

, Archbishop-elector (1515–1546) :*

Adolf III of Schauenburg Adolf III of Schauenburg (german: Adolf von Schaumburg) (1511–1556) was the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne from 1547 to 1556. Biography Adolf of Schauenburg was born on January 19, 1511, and baptized on February 3. He was the son of Jobst I, ...

, Archbishop-elector (1546–1556) :*

Anton of Schauenburg Anton of Schauenburg (german: Anton von Schaumburg) (died 1558) was Archbishop-Elector of Cologne from 1557 to 1558. Biography Anton of Schauenburg was the son of Jobst I, Count of Holstein-Schauenburg and his wife Mary of Nassau-Siegen. His ...

, Archbishop-elector (1556–1558) :*

Gebhard I von Mansfeld-Vorderort Johann Gebhard von Mansfeld-Vorderort, born circa 1525–30, was Archbishop-Elector of Cologne. He died in Frankfurt on 2 November 1562. Career Both Gebhard and his older brother were founding members of the Schmalkaldic League. A dispute betwe ...

, Archbishop-elector (1558–1562) :*

Friedrich IV of Wied Friedrich IV of Wied (german: Friedrich IV von Wied) (1518–1568) was the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne from 1562 to 1567. Biography Friedrich IV of Wied was born in 1518, the son of Graf Johann II of Wied and his wife Elisabeth of Nassau-Di ...

, Archbishop-elector (1562–1567) :* Salentin von Isenburg-Grenzau, Archbishop-elector (1567–1577) :*

Gebhard II Truchsess von Waldburg Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg (10 November 1547 – 31 May 1601) was Archbishop-Elector of Cologne. After pursuing an ecclesiastical career, he won a close election in the cathedral chapter of Cologne over Ernst of Bavaria. After his e ...

, Archbishop-elector (1577–1583) :*

, Archbishop-elector (1583–1612) * Elector-Bishopric of Mainz ( complete list) – :*

Berthold von Henneberg Bertold von Henneberg-Römhild (1442–1504) was Archbishopric of Mainz, Archbishop of Mainz and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 1484, imperial chancellor from 1486, and leader of the Imperial Reform, reform faction within the Empire ...

, Archbishop-elector (1484–1504) :*

Jakob von Liebenstein Jacob of Liebenstein (german: Jakob von Liebenstein) (1462–1508) was the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz from 1504 to 1508. Biography Jacob of Liebenstein was born in 1462, the son of Peter II of Liebenstein and his wife Agnes (née Kaltental). G ...

, Archbishop-elector (1504–1508) :*

Uriel von Gemmingen Uriel von Gemmingen (1468 – 9 February 1514) was appointed Archbishop of Mainz on 27 September 1508, a prince elector, and chancellor to Emperor Maximillian I on 23 April 1509. Uriel was one of ten children of Hans von Gemmingen (1431–148 ...

, Archbishop-elector (1508–1514) :*

Albert of Brandenburg Cardinal Albert of Brandenburg (german: Albrecht von Brandenburg; 28 June 149024 September 1545) was a German cardinal, elector, Archbishop of Mainz from 1514 to 1545, and Archbishop of Magdeburg from 1513 to 1545. Biography Early career Bo ...

, Archbishop-elector (1514–1545) :* Sebastian von Heusenstamm, Archbishop-elector (1545–1555) :*

Daniel Brendel von Homburg Daniel Brendel of Homburg (german: Daniel Brendel von Homburg) (22 March 1522 – 22 March 1582) was the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz from 1555 to 1582. Biography Daniel Brendel of Homburg was born in Aschaffenburg on March 22, 1522. The cathed ...

, Archbishop-elector (1555–1582) :*

Wolfgang von Dalberg Wolfgang von Dalberg (1538 – April 5, 1601) was the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz from 1582 to 1601. Biography Wolfgang von Dalberg was born in 1538, the son of Friedrich Kämmerer von Worms alias von Dalberg (1500–1574), and his wife Anna vo ...

, Archbishop-elector (1582–1601) * Nieder-Isenburg (Lower Isenburg) ( complete list) – :*Gerlach II, Count (1488–1502) :*Heinrich, Count (1521/22–1553) :*Johann Heinrich, Count (c.1565) :*Arnold, Count (?–1577) :* Salentin VIII, Count (1577–1610) *

Electoral Palatinate The Electoral Palatinate (german: Kurpfalz) or the Palatinate (), officially the Electorate of the Palatinate (), was a state that was part of the Holy Roman Empire. The electorate had its origins under the rulership of the Counts Palatine of ...

( complete list) – :::

Palatinate-Neuburg Palatinate-Neuburg (german: Herzogtum Pfalz-Neuburg) was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1505 by a branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Its capital was Neuburg an der Donau. Its area was about 2,750 km², with a population of ...

:::

Palatinate-Simmern The House of Palatinate-Simmern (german: Pfalz-Simmern) was a German- Bavarian cadet branch of the House of Wittelsbach. The house was one of the collateral lineages of the Palatinate. The Palatinate line of the House of Wittelsbach was divided i ...

::: Palatinate-Veldenz ::: Palatinate-Veldenz-Gutenberg ::: Palatinate-Veldenz-Lützelstein ::: Palatinate-Zweibrücken :::

Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around Birkenfeld within the Upper Rhenish Circle. It was formed in 1569, after the partition of Palatine Zweibrücken and was reincorporated into that state in 1731. ...

:::

Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein was a state of the Holy Roman Empire based around Vohenstrauß and Parkstein in modern northeastern Bavaria, Germany. Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein was created in 1569 out of the pa ...

:* Philip I the Upright, Elector (1476–1508) :*

John I John I may refer to: People * John I (bishop of Jerusalem) * John Chrysostom (349 – c. 407), Patriarch of Constantinople * John of Antioch (died 441) * Pope John I, Pope from 523 to 526 * John I (exarch) (died 615), Exarch of Ravenna * John I o ...

, Count Palatine of Simmern (1480–1509) :* Alexander I the Lame, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1489–1514) :* Philip I the Warlike, co-Count Palatine of Neuburg (1505–1541) :* Otto Henry I the Magnanimous, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1505–1557) :* Louis V the Pacific, Elector (1508–1544) :*

John II John II may refer to: People * John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (1455–1499) * John II Casimir Vasa of Poland (1609–1672) * John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch (died 1302) * John II Doukas of Thessaly (1303–1318) * John II Komnenos (1087–1 ...

, Count Palatine of Simmern (1509–1557) :* Louis II the Younger, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1514–1532) :*

Robert I Robert I may refer to: *Robert I, Duke of Neustria (697–748) *Robert I of France (866–923), King of France, 922–923, rebelled against Charles the Simple *Rollo, Duke of Normandy (c. 846 – c. 930; reigned 911–927) * Robert I Archbishop of ...

, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1532–1543) :*

, Count Palatine of Veldenz (1543–1544) :* Wolfgang I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1532–1569) :* Wolfgang I, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1557–1569) :* Frederick III the Wise, Elector (1544–1556) :* George John I the Astute, Count Palatine of Veldenz (1560–1592) :* Otto Henry I the Magnanimous, Elector (1556–1559) :* Frederick III the Pious, Count Palatine of Simmern (1557–1559) :* Frederick III the Pious, Elector (1559–1576) :*

George George may refer to: People * George (given name) * George (surname) * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Washington, First President of the United States * George W. Bush, 43rd Presiden ...

, Count Palatine of Simmern (1559–1569) :*

Richard Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Frankish language, Old Frankish and is a Compound (linguistics), compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic language, Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' an ...

, Count Palatine of Simmern (1569–1598) :* John I the Lame, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1569–1604) :*

Frederick I Frederick I may refer to: * Frederick of Utrecht or Frederick I (815/16–834/38), Bishop of Utrecht. * Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine (942–978) * Frederick I, Duke of Swabia (1050–1105) * Frederick I, Count of Zoller ...

, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein (1569–1597) :* Otto Henry, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1569–1604) :*

, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1569–1600) :* Philip Louis, Count Palatine of Neuburg (1569–1604) :* Louis VI the Careless, Elector (1576–1583) :* Frederick IV the Righteous, Elector (1583–1610) :* Anna of Sweden, Regent (1592–1598) :* George Gustavus, Count Palatine of Veldenz (1598–1634) :*

John Augustus John Augustus (1785-June 21, 1859) was a Boston boot maker who is called the "Father of Probation" in the United States because of his pioneering efforts to campaign for more lenient sentences for convicted criminals based on their backgrounds. L ...

, Count Palatine of Veldenz-Lützelstein (1598–1611) :* Louis Philip I, Count Palatine of Veldenz-Gutenberg (1598–1601) :* George John II, Count Palatine of Veldenz-Gutenberg (1598–1654) *

County of Schaumburg The County of Schaumburg (german: link=no, Grafschaft Schaumburg), until ca. 1485 known as Schauenburg, was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present German state of Lower Saxony. Its territory was more or less congruent with ...

( complete list) – :*, Count (1492–1510) :*, Count (1510–1526) :*, Count (1526–1527) :* Jobst I, Count (1527–1531) :*, Count (1531–1560) :*, Count (1531–1581) :*

Otto IV Otto IV (1175 – 19 May 1218) was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1209 until his death in 1218. Otto spent most of his early life in England and France. He was a follower of his uncle Richard the Lionheart, who made him Count of Poitou in 1196 ...

, Count (1544–1576) :*, Count (1576–1601) * Elector-Bishopric of Trier ( complete list) – :* Johann II of Baden, Archbishop-elector (1456–1503) :*

Jakob von Baden Jakob von Baden ( en, James of Baden) (6 June 1471 – 27 April 1511) was the Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1503 to 1511. Biography Jakob von Baden was born at the Burg Hohenbaden in Baden-Baden on 6 June 1471, the second child and eldest so ...

, Archbishop-elector (1503–1511) :*

Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads (also spelled Greiffenclau and Vollraths) (1467 – 13 March 1531) was the Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1511 to 1531. Biography Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads was born in Schloss Vollrads in 1467, ...

, Archbishop-elector (1511–1531) :*

Johann von Metzenhausen Johann von Metzenhausen (1492–1540) was the Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1531 to 1540. Biography Johann von Metzenhausen was born in Neef in 1492, the son of Heinrich von Metzenhausen and his wife Margarete Boos von Waldeck. He became ...

, Archbishop-elector (1531–1540) :*

Johann Ludwig von Hagen Johann Ludwig von Hagen (1492–1547) was the Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1540 to 1547. Biography Johann Ludwig von Hagen was born in Pfalzel near Trier in 1492, the son of Friedrich von Hagen, ''Amtmann'' of the Archbishopric of Trier. H ...

, Archbishop-elector (1540–1547) :*

John of Isenburg-Grenzau John of Isenburg-Grenzau (German: Johann V. von Isenburg-Grenzau) (c. 1507 – 18 February 1556, in Montabaur) was the Count of Isenburg-Grenzau from 1554 until 1556, and (as John IV) the Electorate of Trier, Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1547 ...

, Archbishop-elector (1547–1556) :*

Johann von der Leyen Johann von der Leyen (1510–1567) was the Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1556 to 1567. Biography Johann von der Leyen was born in Saffig in 1510, the son of Bartholomäus von der Leyen, chancellor of the Archbishopric of Cologne, and his wi ...

, Archbishop-elector (1556–1567) :*

Jakob von Eltz-Rübenach Jakob von Eltz-Rübenach (1510–1581) was the Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1567 to 1581. Biography Jakob von Eltz-Rübenach was born in Burg Eltz in 1510, the second son of Johann von und zu Eltz and his wife Maria von Breitbach. Jakob vo ...

, Archbishop-elector (1567–1581) :*

Johann von Schönenberg Johann von Schönenberg (1525–1599) was the Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1581 to 1599. Von Schönenberg was born in Burg Hartelstein in Schwirzheim in 1525. His father was also named Johann von Schönenberg. He became ''Domizellar'' of th ...

, Archbishop-elector (1581–1599) :*

Lothar von Metternich Lothar Johann Reinhard von Metternich (23 August 1551 – 17 September 1623) was the Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1599 to 1623. Biography Lothar von Metternich was born in Schloss Vettelhoven in Grafschaft on 31 August 1551, the son of Joha ...

, Archbishop-elector (1599–1623)

Lower Rhenish–Westphalian

Bentheim-Bentheim Bentheim-Bentheim was a county in southeastern Lower Saxony, Germany, the borders of which by 1806 were the modern borders of the District of Bentheim. This county was formed from the county of Bentheim in 1277, and from it was formed Bentheim-Ste ...

( complete list) – :*Eberwin II, Count (1473–1530) *

Bentheim-Lingen Bentheim-Lingen was a county seated in Lingen in Germany. Bentheim-Lingen emerged as a partition of Bentheim-Tecklenburg in 1450, and was absorbed by Spain in 1555. Over the next century, ownership of Bentheim-Lingen passed between Spain and Nass ...

( complete list) – :*Otto, Count (1450–1508) :*Nicholas III, Count (1493–1508) :*Nicholas IV, Count (1508–1541) :*Conrad, Count (1541–1547) :*Maximilian, Count (1547–1548) :*Anna, Count (1548–1555) *

Bentheim-Steinfurt Bentheim-Steinfurt was a historical county located in northwestern North Rhine-Westphalia in the region surrounding Steinfurt, Germany. Bentheim-Steinfurt was a partition of Bentheim-Bentheim, itself a partition of the County of Bentheim. Bentheim- ...

( complete list) – :*Arnold II, Count (1498–1544) :* Eberwin III, Count (1544–1562) :* Arnold III, Count (1562–1606) :*Anna of Tecklenburg, Regent (1562–1577) *

Bentheim-Tecklenburg Bentheim-Tecklenburg was a German county based in the region around Tecklenburg in northern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. History Bentheim-Tecklenburg emerged as a partition of the County of Bentheim in 1277, and was partitioned between it ...

( complete list) – :*Otto VIII, Count (1493–1526) :*Conrad of Bentheim-Lingen, Count (1526–1557) *

( -Rheda) ( complete list, complete list) – :* Arnold III, Count of Bentheim-Tecklenburg (1562–1606) *

Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen The Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (german: Fürsterzbistum Bremen) — not to be confused with the modern Archdiocese of Hamburg, founded in 1994 — was an ecclesiastical principality (787–1566/1648) of the Holy Roman Empire and the Catholic ...

( complete list) – :* John Frederick, Prince-archbishop (1596–1634) *

Duchy of Cleves The Duchy of Cleves (german: Herzogtum Kleve; nl, Hertogdom Kleef) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire which emerged from the medieval . It was situated in the northern Rhineland on both sides of the Lower Rhine, around its capital Cleves and ...

County of Mark The County of Mark (german: Grafschaft Mark, links=no, french: Comté de La Marck, links=no colloquially known as ) was a county and state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle. It lay on both sides of the Ruhr River ...

( complete list, complete list) – :* John II the Pious, Duke of Cleves, Countof Mark (1481–1521) :* John III the Peaceful, Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark (1521–1539) :* William the Rich, Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark (1539–1592) :* John William, Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark (1592–1609) *

Princely Abbey of Corvey The Princely Abbey of Corvey (german: link=no, Fürststift Corvey or Fürstabtei Corvey) is a former Benedictine Order, Benedictine abbey and Hochstift, ecclesiastical principality now in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was one of the half ...

( de:complete list) – :*Hermann III von Bömelberg, Prince-abbot (1479–1504) :*, Prince-abbot (1504–1547) :*Kaspar I von Hörsel, Prince-abbot (1547–1555) :*, Prince-abbot (1555–1585) :*Dietrich IV. von Beringhausen, Prince-abbot (1585–1616) *

( complete list) – :*

Georg Schenck van Toutenburg Georg Schenck van Toutenburg (German - ''Georg Schenk von Tautenburg'') (1480 – 2 February 1540) was Stadhouder of Friesland (1521-1540). Later he was also Stadholder of Overijssel, Drenthe and Groningen. His son Frederick was the first ...

, Stadtholder (1536–1540) :* Maximilian of Egmont, Stadtholder (1540–1548) ::''For the succeeding rulers, see the County of Drenthe under the #Burgundian-Low Countries'' *

Essen Abbey Essen Abbey (''Stift Essen'') was a community of secular canonesses for women of high nobility that formed the nucleus of modern-day Essen, Germany. It was founded about 845 by the Saxon Altfrid (died 874), later Bishop of Hildesheim and saint, ...

( complete list) – :*Meina von Daun-Oberstein, Princess-Abbess (1489–1521) :*Margarete II von Beichlingen, Princess-Abbess (1521–1534) :*Sibylle von Montfort, Princess-Abbess (1534–1551) :*Katharina von Tecklenburg, Princess-Abbess (1551–1560) :*Maria von Spiegelberg, Princess-Abbess (1560–1561) :*Irmgard von Diepholz, Princess-Abbess (1561–1575) :*Elisabeth VI von Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Gerolstein, Princess-Abbess (1575–1578) :*Elisabeth VII von Sayn, Princess-Abbess (1578–1588) :*Elisabeth VIII von Manderscheid-Blankenheim, Princess-Abbess (1588–1598) :*Margarete Elisabeth von Manderscheid-Blankenheim, Princess-Abbess (1598–1604) *

County of East Frisia The County of East-Frisia ( Frisian: Greefskip Eastfryslân; Dutch: Graafschap Oost-Friesland) was a county (though ruled by a prince after 1662) in the region of East Frisia in the northwest of the present-day German state of Lower Saxony. Coun ...

( complete list) – :* Edzard I the Great, Count (1491–1528) :*

Enno II Enno may refer to: People Given name * Enno I, Count of Ostfriesland (1460–1491) * Enno II, Count of Ostfriesland (1505–1540) *Enno III, Count of Ostfriesland (1563–1625) * Enno Brandrøk (1538–1571), Norwegian noble- and highwayman (name ...

, Count (1528–1540) :*

Anna of Oldenburg Anna of Oldenburg (14 November 150124 September 1575) was a Countess consort of East Frisia as the spouse of Count Enno II of East Frisia. She was the Regent of East Frisia in 1542–1561 as the guardian for her minor sons, Johan II and Edzard II. ...

, Regent (1540–1561) :* Johan II, Count (1561–1591) :* Edzard II, Count (1561–1599) :* Enno III, Count (1599–1625) *

( complete list) – :*Cristoffel van Meurs, Stadtholder (1519–1522) :*Jasper van Marwijck, Stadtholder (1522–1530) :*

Charles of Guelders Charles II (9 November 1467 – 30 June 1538) was a member of the House of Egmond who ruled as Duke of Guelders and Count of Zutphen from 1492 until his death. He was the son of Adolf of Egmond and Catharine of Bourbon. He had a principal role i ...

, Stadtholder (1530–1536) :*Ludolf Coenders, Stadtholder (1536–?) :*

, Stadtholder (1536–1540) :*

, Stadtholder (1540–1548) ::''For the succeeding rulers, see the Lordship of Groningen under the #Burgundian-Low Countries'' *

( complete list) – :* Charles II, Duke (1492–1538) :* William II, Duke (1538–1543) :*

, Duke (1543–1555) ::''For the succeeding rulers, see the Duchy of Guelders under the #Burgundian-Low Countries'' *

( complete list) – :*Guelders independent (1492–1504) :* John V of Nassau-Siegen, Stadtholder (1504–1505) :* Philip of Burgundy, Stadtholder (1505–1507) :*

Floris van Egmond Floris van Egmond (ca. 1470 – 25 October 1539) was count of Buren and Leerdam and Lord of IJsselstein and Sint Maartensdijk. He was stadtholder of Guelders (1507–1511) and Friesland (1515–1518) Floris was the son of Frederik van Egmond ...

, Stadtholder (1507–1511) :*Guelders independent, Stadtholder (1511–1543) :*

, Stadtholder (1543–1544) :* Philip de Lalaing, Stadtholder (1544–1555) ::''For the succeeding rulers, see the Upper Groningen under the #Burgundian-Low Countries'' *

( complete list) – :* Reinier of Guelders, Stadtholder (1502–1522) ::''For the succeeding rulers, see the Upper Groningen under the #Burgundian-Low Countries'' *

Herford Abbey Herford Abbey (german: Frauenstift Herford) was the oldest women's religious house in the Duchy of Saxony. It was founded as a house of secular canonesses in 789, initially in Müdehorst (near the modern Bielefeld) by a nobleman called Waltger, wh ...

( complete list) – :*Bonizet of Limburg-Stirum, Abbess (1494–1524) :*Anna II of Limburg, Abbess (1524–1565) :*Margaret II of Lippe, Abbess (1565–1578) :*Felicitas I of Eberstein, Abbess (1578–1586) :*Magdalene I of Lippe, Abbess (1586–1604) *

Prince-Bishopric of Liège The Prince-Bishopric of Liège or Principality of Liège was an Hochstift, ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that was situated for the most part in present-day Belgium. It was an Imperial State, Imperial Estate, so the List of ...

( complete list) – :*

John of Hornes John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second ...

, Prince-Bishop (1484–1505) :* Érard de La Marck, Prince-Bishop (1505–1538) :*

Corneille of Berghes Corneille of Berghes or de Glymes-Berghes (1490?–1560?) was Prince-bishop of Liège between 1538 and 1544. Corneille of Berghes was the youngest son of Cornelis of Glymes, Admiral of the Netherlands and Maria Margaretha van Zevenbergen. First ...

, Prince-Bishop (1538–1544) :*

, Prince-Bishop (1544–1557) :*

Robert of Berghes Robert of Berghes or de Glymes-Berghes (died 1564) was 87th Prince-bishop of Liège (1557–1563). He was forced to resign the see on 30 March 1563, due to insanity, and died in the course of the following year.Alphonse Le Roy, "Berghes (Robe ...

, Prince-Bishop (1557–1564) :*

Gerard van Groesbeeck Gerard van Groesbeeck (1517–1580) was a prelate who became the 88th Bishop of Liège, as well as Prince-Abbot of Stavelot and a cardinal of the Catholic Church. Early life Gerard van Groesbeeck was born at Kuringen Castle outside Hasselt in ...

, Prince-Bishop (1564–1580) :*

, Prince-Bishop (1581–1612) * Limburg-Broich ( complete list) – :*

, Count (1473–1508) *

County of Lippe Lippe (later Lippe-Detmold and then again Lippe) was a historical state in Germany, ruled by the House of Lippe. It was located between the Weser river and the southeast part of the Teutoburg Forest. It was founded in the 1640s under a separ ...

( complete list) – :* Simon V, Lord (1511–1528), Count (1528–1536) :* Bernhard VIII, Count (1536–1563) :* Simon VI, Count (1563–1613) *

Duchy of Luxemburg The Duchy of Luxemburg ( nl, Luxemburg; french: Luxembourg; german: Luxemburg; lb, Lëtzebuerg) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire, the ancestral homeland of the noble House of Luxembourg. The House of Luxembourg, now Duke of Limburg, becam ...

:*Dukes ( complete list) – ::*

, Duke (1482–1506) ::*

, Duke (1506–1556) :*

s ( complete list) – ::* Philip I de Croÿ, Stadtholder (?–1511) ::*

, Stadtholder (1545–1552, 1559–1604) ::''For the succeeding rulers, see the Duchy of Luxemburg under the #Burgundian-Low Countries'' *

Prince-Bishopric of Münster The Prince-Bishopric of Münster (german: Fürstbistum Münster; Bistum Münster, Hochstift Münster) was a large ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire, located in the northern part of today's North Rhine-Westphalia and western Low ...

( complete list) – :* Conrad II of Rietberg, Prince-bishop (1497–1508) :*

Eric II of Saxe-Lauenburg Eric II of Saxe-Lauenburg (1318/1320 – 1368) was a son of Duke Eric I of Saxe-Lauenburg and Elisabeth of Pomerania (*1291–after 16 October 1349*), daughter of Bogislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania. Eric II succeeded his father, after his resignation ...

, Prince-bishop (1508–1522) :* Frederick III, Prince-bishop (1522–1532) :*

Eric of Brunswick-Grubenhagen Eric of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (1478 – 14 May 1532 in Fürstenau) was from 1508 to 1532 prince-bishop of Paderborn and Osnabrück. In 1532, he was elected bishop of Münster, however, he died before he could be consecrated. Life Eric was t ...

, Prince-bishop (1532–1532) :* Francis von Waldeck, Prince-bishop (1532–1553) :* William of Ketteler, Prince-bishop (1553–1557) :* Bernhard of Raesfeld, Prince-bishop (1557–1566) :*

John II of Hoya John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second ...

, Prince-bishop (1566–1574) :* John William, Prince-bishop (1574–1585) :*

, Prince-bishop (1585–1612) *

County of Oldenburg The County of Oldenburg was a county of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1448 Christian I of Denmark (of the House of Oldenburg), Count of Oldenburg became King of Denmark, and later King of Norway and King of Sweden. One of his grandsons, Adolf, D ...

( complete list) – :*

John V John V may refer to: * Patriarch John V of Alexandria or John the Merciful (died by 620), Patriarch of Alexandria from 606 to 616 * John V of Constantinople, Patriarch from 669 to 675 * Pope John V (685–686), Pope from 685 to his death in 686 * J ...

, Count (1500–1526) :* John VI, Count (1526–1529) :*

, Count (1526–1529) :*

Christopher Christopher is the English language, English version of a Europe-wide name derived from the Greek language, Greek name Χριστόφορος (''Christophoros'' or ''Christoforos''). The constituent parts are Χριστός (''Christós''), "Jesus ...

, Count (1526–1566) :* Anthony I, Count (1526–1573) :* John VII, Count (1573–1603) :*Anthony II, Count of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst, Count (1573–1619) *

Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück The Prince-Bishopric of OsnabrückAlso known as the Prince-Bishopric of Osnaburg) (german: link=no, Hochstift Osnabrück; Fürstbistum Osnabrück, Bistum Osnabrück) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1225 until 1803. ...

( complete list) – :*, Prince-bishop (1482–1508) :*

, Prince-bishop (1508–1532) :*

Franz von Waldeck Count Franz von Waldeck (1491 – 15 July 1553) was Prince-Bishop of Münster, Osnabrück, and Minden in the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire. He suppressed the Münster Rebellion, a millenarian Anabaptist theocra ...

, Prince-bishop (1532–1553) :*

Johann IV of Osnabrück Johann IV of Osnabrück (18 April 1529 – 5 April 1574) was a German nobleman and prince-bishop. From his father Johann VII's death in 1535 onwards he was known as Count (Graf) Johann VIII von Hoya zu Stolzenau. From 1553 (as Johann IV) he was ...

, Prince-bishop (1553–1574) :*

Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg (german: Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg; 1 November 1550 – 22 April 1585, Vörde) was a Prince-Archbishop of Bremen (as ''Henry III''), then Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück (as ''Henry II''), then Prince-Bishop of Pade ...

, Prince-bishop (1574–1585) :*Bernhard von Waldeck, Prince-bishop (1585–1591) :* Philip Sigismund, Prince-bishop (1591–1623) *

:*Lords – ::* Charles II, Count (1528–1555) :::''under the

Charles V united Overijssel with the other lordships of the Low Countries'' ::* Philip III, Count (1555–1581) :*

s ( complete list) – ::*

, Stadtholder (1528–1540) ::*

, Stadtholder (1540–1548) ::''For the succeeding rulers, see the Lordship of Overijssel under the #Burgundian-Low Countries'' *

Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn The Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn (german: Fürstbistum Paderborn; Hochstift Paderborn) was an ecclesiastical principality (Hochstift) of the Holy Roman Empire from 1281 to 1802. History The Diocese of Paderborn was founded in 799 by Pope ...

( complete list) – :* Hermann von Hessen, Prince-bishop (1498–1508) :*

Hermann of Wied Hermann of Wied (German: ''Hermann von Wied'') (14 January 1477 – 15 August 1552) was the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne from 1515 to 1546. In 1521, he supported a punishment for German reformer Martin Luther, but later opened up one of the H ...

, Prince-bishop (1532–1547) :* Rembert of Kerssenbrock, Prince-bishop (1547–1568) :* John II, Bishop of Paderborn, Prince-bishop (1568–1574) :* Salentin of Isenburg, Prince-bishop (1574–1577) :* Henry IV of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-bishop (1577–1585) :* Dietrich IV, Bishop of Paderborn, Prince-bishop (1585–1618) * County of Runkel ( complete list) – :*John, Count (1460–1521) *

County of Sayn Sayn was a small German county of the Holy Roman Empire which, during the Middle Ages, existed within what is today Rheinland-Pfalz. There have been two Counties of Sayn. The first emerged in 1139 and became closely associated with the County o ...

( complete list) – :*Gerard III, co-Count (1493–1506) :*Sebastian I, Count (1493–1598) :*John IV, co-Count (1498–1529) :*John V, co-Count (1529–1560) :*Sebastian II, co-Count (1529–1573) :*Adolph, co-Count (1560–1568) :*Herman, co-Count (1560–1571) :* Henry IV, co-Count (1560–1606) *

Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht The Bishopric of Utrecht ( nl, Sticht Utrecht) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, in the present-day Netherlands. From 1024 to 1528, as one of the prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire, it w ...

( complete list) – :*

Frederick IV of Baden Frederik of Baden (9 July 1455 – 24 September 1517 in Lier) was a bishop of Utrecht from 1496 to 1517. Frederick of Baden was the son of margrave Charles I of Baden-Baden and Catherine of Austria, sister of Frederick III, Holy Roman Em ...

, Prince-bishop (1496–1517) :* Philip of Burgundy (1517–1524) :*

Henry of the Palatinate Henry of the Palatinate (German: ''Heinrich von der Pfalz'') (Heidelberg, 15 February 1487 – Ladenburg, 3 January 1552) was Bishop of Utrecht from 1524 to 1529, Bishop of Worms from 1523 to 1552 and Bishop of Freising from 1541 to 1552. Hend ...

, Prince-bishop (1524–1528) *

:*Lords – ::* Charles II, Count (1528–1555) :::''under the

Charles V united Utrecht with the other lordships of the Low Countries'' ::* Philip III, Count (1555–1581) :*

s ( complete list) – ::*

, Stadtholder (1528–1540) ::*

, Stadtholder (1540–1544) ::* Louis of Flanders, Stadtholder (1544–1546) ::*

, Stadtholder (1547–1558) ::''For the succeeding rulers, see the Lordship of Utrecht under the #Burgundian-Low Countries'' *

Prince-Bishopric of Verden The Prince-Bishopric of Verden (german: Fürstbistum Verden, ''Hochstift Verden'' or ''Stift Verden'') was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire that was located in what is today the state of Lower Saxony in Germany. Verden had be ...

( complete list) – :* Christopher the Spendthrift, Prince-Bishop (1502–1558) :* George of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel), Prince-Bishop (1558–1566) :*

Eberhard of Holle Eberhard is an old Germanic name meaning the strength or courage of a wild boar. People First name *Eberhard of Friuli (815–866), Duke and key figure in the Carolingian Empire *Eberhard of Béthune (died 1212), Flemish grammarian *Eberhard I, Du ...

, Prince-Bishop (1566–1586) :*

Philip Sigismund of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel) Philip, also Phillip, is a male given name, derived from the Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominent Philips who popularize ...

, Prince-Bishop (1586–1623) *

County of Wied The County of Wied () was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire located on the river Wied where it meets the Rhine. Wied emerged as a County earlier than many other German states. From 1243–1462, Wied was united with an Isenburgian County as I ...

( complete list) – :*William III, Count (1487–1526) :*John I, Count (1487–1533) :*Philip, Count (1533–1535) :*John II, Count (1535–1581) :*Herman I, Count (1581–1591) :*William IV, Count (1581–1612) :*Herman II, Count (1581–1631) *

( complete list) – :*William III, Count (1487–1526) :*John I, Count (1526–1533) :*Philip, Count (1533–1535) :*John II, Count (1535–1581) :*Herman I, co-Count (1581–1591) :*William IV, co-Count (1581–1612) :*Herman II, Count (1581–1631)

Upper Rhenish

Duchy of Bar The County of Bar, later Duchy of Bar, was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire encompassing the '' pays de Barrois'' and centred on the city of Bar-le-Duc. It was held by the House of Montbéliard from the 11th century. Part of the county, t ...

( complete list) – :*

René II René (''born again'' or ''reborn'' in French) is a common first name in French-speaking, Spanish-speaking, and German-speaking countries. It derives from the Latin name Renatus. René is the masculine form of the name (Renée being the feminine ...

, Duke (1483–1508) *

Prince-Bishopric of Basel The Prince-Bishopric of Basel (german: Hochstift Basel, Fürstbistum Basel, Bistum Basel) was an ecclesiastical principality within the Holy Roman Empire, ruled from 1032 by prince-bishops with their seat at Basel, and from 1528 until 1792 at Po ...

( complete list) – :*Caspar von Mühlhausen, Prince-bishop (1479–1502) :*

Christoph von Utenheim Christoph von Utenheim (c. 1450-1527) was Bishop of Basel from 1502 until his resignation from that office in 1527. Christoph von Utenheim was born about the year 1450. He studied theology and canon law at the University of Basel and the Universit ...

, Prince-bishop (1502–1527) :*

Philippe von Gundelsheim Philippe von Gundelsheim (1487–1553) was the Prince-Bishop of Basel from 1527 to 1553. Biography Philippe von Gundelsheim was born in 1487. He studied at Heidelberg University (1503) and the University of Basel (1504–05). He became a canon o ...

, Prince-bishop (1527–1533) :*

Melchior von Lichtenfels Melchior von Lichtenfels (c.1517–1575) was the Prince-Bishop of Basel from the year 1554 to 1575. Von Lichtenfels was born into a noble Württemberg family around the year 1517. In 1527, he became a member of the cathedral chapter of the Basel M ...

, Prince-bishop (1554–1575) :*

Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee Jakob Christoph Blarer von Wartensee (11 May 1542 – 18 April 1608) was a Bishop of Basel and a leader in the Counter-Reformation in the region around Basel. Early history He was born at Rosenberg Castle, the son of William, Prince-abbot of St ...

, Prince-bishop (1575–1608) *

Free City of Frankfurt For almost five centuries, the German city of Frankfurt was a city-state within two major Germanic entities: *The Holy Roman Empire as the Free Imperial City of Frankfurt () (until 1806) *The German Confederation as the Free City of Frankfurt ...

( de:complete list) – :* Johann von Martorf, Senior Mayor (1599–1600) :* Johann Ludwig von Glauburg, Senior Mayor (1600–1601) *

Princely Abbey of Fulda The Abbey of Fulda (German ''Kloster Fulda'', Latin ''Abbatia Fuldensis''), from 1221 the Princely Abbey of Fulda (''Fürstabtei Fulda'') and from 1752 the Prince-Bishopric of Fulda (''Fürstbistum Fulda''), was a Benedictine abbey and ecclesiastic ...

( complete list) – :*, Prince-abbot (1472–1513) :*, Prince-abbot (1513–1521/29) :*, Prince-abbot (1521/29–1541) :*, Prince-abbot (1541–1550) :* Wolfgang Dietrich von Eusigheim, Prince-abbot (1550–1558) :*, Prince-abbot (1558–1567) :*, Prince-abbot (1567–1568) :*, Prince-abbot (1568–1570) :*

Balthasar von Dernbach Balthasar von Dernbach (1548 – 15 March 1606), was a Benedictine monk of Fulda monastery and its Prince-Abbot from 1570 to 1606. Family Balthasar was born into a branch (''called Graul'') of the ''von Dernbach'' family, a family of knights ...

, Prince-abbot (1570–1606, but exiled 1576–1602) :*

, Administrator (1576–1602) *

Landgraviate of Hesse The Landgraviate of Hesse (german: Landgrafschaft Hessen) was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire. It existed as a single entity from 1264 to 1567, when it was divided among the sons of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. History In the early Mid ...

( complete list) – :* William III the Middle, Landgrave of Lower Hesse (1493–1500), of Hesse (1500–1509) :* Philip I the Magnanimous, Landgrave (1509–1567) *

Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (german: Landgrafschaft Hessen-Darmstadt) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by a younger branch of the House of Hesse. It was formed in 1567 following the division of the Landgraviate of Hesse betwee ...

( complete list) – :* George I the Pious, Landgrave (1567–1596) :* Louis VI the Faithful, Landgrave (1596–1626) *

Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (german: Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel), spelled Hesse-Cassel during its entire existence, was a state in the Holy Roman Empire that was directly subject to the Emperor. The state was created in 1567 when the Lan ...

( complete list) – :* William IV the Wise, Landgrave (1567–1592) :* Maurice I the Learned, Landgrave (1592–1627) *Landgraviate of

Hesse-Marburg The Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg (german: Landgrafschaft Hessen-Marburg) was a German landgraviate, and independent principality, within the Holy Roman Empire, that existed between 1458 and 1500, and between 1567 and 1604/1650. It consisted o ...

– :* Louis IV the Elder, Landgrave (1567–1604) *Landgraviate of

Hesse-Rheinfels Hesse-Rheinfels was created as a cadet line of Hesse for Philip II, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels (1541–1583), landgrave from 1567 until 1583, and as a cadet line of Hesse-Kassel for Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels (1623–1693), landgrave fro ...

( complete list) – :* Philip II the Younger, Landgrave (1567–1583) *

Isenburg-Büdingen Isenburg-Büdingen was a County of southern Hesse, Germany, located in Büdingen. It was originally a part of the County of Isenburg. There were two different Counties of the same name. The first (1341–1511) was a partition of Isenburg-Cleberg ...

( complete list) – :* Wolfgang Ernst I. von Isenburg-Büdingen, Count (1596–1633) *

Isenburg-Grenzau Isenburg-Grenzau was the name of several states of the Holy Roman Empire, seated in the Lordship of Grenzau, in modern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The first state called Isenburg-Grenzau existed 1158–1290; the second 1341–1439; and the third ...

( complete list) – :* Gerlach III, Count (1502–1530) :*

Henry the Elder Henry may refer to: People * Henry (given name) *Henry (surname) * Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry Royalty * Portuguese royalty ** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal ** Henry, Count of Portugal ...

, Count (1530–1552) :*

Anthony Anthony or Antony is a masculine given name, derived from the ''Antonia (gens), Antonii'', a ''gens'' (Roman naming conventions, Roman family name) to which Mark Antony (''Marcus Antonius'') belonged. According to Plutarch, the Antonii gens were ...

, Count (1552–1554) :*

, Count (1554–1556) :* Arnold, Count (1556–1577) :* Salentin VII, Count (1577–1610) * Isenburg-Neumagen ( complete list) – :* Salentin VI, Count (1502–1534) :*

Henry Henry may refer to: People *Henry (given name) *Henry (surname) * Henry Lau, Canadian singer and musician who performs under the mononym Henry Royalty * Portuguese royalty ** King-Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal ** Henry, Count of Portugal, ...

, Count (1534–1554) *

Leiningen-Westerburg Leiningen-Westerburg was a historic state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the vicinity of Leiningen and Westerburg in what is now the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Leiningen-Westerburg was formed in 1467, when the last Landgrave ...

( complete list: de) – :* Reinhard I, Count (?–1522) :* Kuno II, Count (1522–1547) * Westerburg-Leiningen-Westerburg ( de:complete list) – :* Reinhard II, Count (1547–1584) :* Albrecht Philipp, Count (1584–1597) :* Johann Ludwig, Count (1597) * Westerburg-Leiningen-Leiningen ( complete list: de) – :*

Philipp I Philip(p) I may refer to: * Philip I of Macedon (7th century BC) * Philip I Philadelphus (between 124 and 109 BC–83 or 75 BC) * Philip the Arab (c. 204–249), Roman Emperor * Philip I of France (1052–1108) * Philip I (archbishop of Cologne) (1 ...

, Count (1547–1597) :*

Louis Louis may refer to: * Louis (coin) * Louis (given name), origin and several individuals with this name * Louis (surname) * Louis (singer), Serbian singer * HMS ''Louis'', two ships of the Royal Navy See also Derived or associated terms * Lewis (d ...

, Count (1597–1622) * Leiningen-Schaumburg ( de:complete list) – :*

, Count (1547–1586) :* Philipp Jacob, Count (1586–1612) * Leiningen-Hardenburg ( de:complete list) – :*Emich VIII, Count (1495–1535) :*Emich IX, Count (1535–1541) :*Johann Philipp I, Count (1539–1562) :*Emich XII, Count (1562–1607) *

Duchy of Lorraine The Duchy of Lorraine (french: Lorraine ; german: Lothringen ), originally Upper Lorraine, was a duchy now included in the larger present-day region of Lorraine in northeastern France. Its capital was Nancy. It was founded in 959 following t ...

( complete list) – :*

, Duke (1473–1508) :*

Antoine Antoine is a French given name (from the Latin ''Antonius'' meaning 'highly praise-worthy') that is a variant of Danton, Titouan, D'Anton and Antonin. The name is used in France, Switzerland, Belgium, Canada, West Greenland, Haiti, French Guiana ...

, Duke (1508–1544) :*

Francis I Francis I or Francis the First may refer to: * Francesco I Gonzaga (1366–1407) * Francis I, Duke of Brittany (1414–1450), reigned 1442–1450 * Francis I of France (1494–1547), King of France, reigned 1515–1547 * Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lau ...

, Duke (1544–1545) :*

, Duke (1545–1608) * County of Nassau-Beilstein – :*

, Count (1499–1513) :*

Henry V Henry V may refer to: People * Henry V, Duke of Bavaria (died 1026) * Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (1081/86–1125) * Henry V, Duke of Carinthia (died 1161) * Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine (c. 1173–1227) * Henry V, Count of Luxembourg (121 ...

, co-Count (1513–1525) :* John III, Count (1513–1561) * Nassau-Saarbrückeng ( complete list) – :* John Louis, Count (1472–1545) :*

, Count (1545–1554) :* John III, Count (1554–1574) :*

, Count (1574–1602) *

Nassau-Weilburg The House of Nassau-Weilburg, a branch of the House of Nassau, ruled a division of the County of Nassau, which was a state in what is now Germany, then part of the Holy Roman Empire, from 1344 to 1806. On 17 July 1806, upon the dissolution of t ...

( complete list) – :*

Louis I Louis I may refer to: * Louis the Pious, Louis I of France, "the Pious" (778–840), king of France and Holy Roman Emperor * Louis I, Landgrave of Thuringia (ruled 1123–1140) * Ludwig I, Count of Württemberg (c. 1098–1158) * Louis I of Blois ( ...

, Count (1492–1523) :* Philip III, Count (1523–1559) :* Albrecht, Count (1559–1593) :*

, Count (1559–1602) *

Lower Salm Salm is the name of several historic countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. History Origins The County of Salm arose in the tenth century in Vielsalm, in the Ardennes region of present Belgium. It was ...

( complete list) – :*Peter, Count (1479–1505) :*John III, Count (1505–1537) :*John IV, Count (1537–1559) :*Werner, Count (1559–1629) * Salm-Badenweiler ( complete list) – :*John VI, Count (1451–1505) :*John VII, Count (1505–1548) :*John VIII, Count (1548–1600) * Salm-Blankenburg ( complete list) – :*Louis, Count (1443–1503) :*Ulrick, Count (1503–1506) *

Solms-Braunfels Solms-Braunfels was a County and later Principality with Imperial immediacy in what is today the federal Land of Hesse in Germany. Solms-Braunfels was a partition of Solms, ruled by the House of Solms, and was raised to a Principality of th ...

( complete list) – :*Otto II, Count (1459–1504) :*Bernhard III, Count (1504–1547) :*Philipp, Count (1547–1581) :*Konrad, Count (1581–1592) :*Johann Albrecht I, Count (1592–1623) * Salm-Dhaun ( complete list) – :*Philip, Rhinegrave (1499–1521) :*Philip Francis, Rhinegrave (1521–1561) :*John Philip I, Rhinegrave (1561–1569) :*Frederick, Rhinegrave (1569–1574) :*Adolf Henry, Rhinegrave (1574–1606) *

Salm-Neuweiler Salm is the name of several historic countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. History Origins The County of Salm arose in the tenth century in Vielsalm, in the Ardennes region of present Belgium. It was r ...

( complete list) – :*Frederick I, Rhinegrave (1561–1610) *

Salm-Salm The Principality of Salm-Salm (german: Fürstentum Salm-Salm; french: Principauté de Salm-Salm) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. It was located in the present-day French departments of Bas-Rhin and Vosges; it was one of a number of partitions ...

( complete list) – :*Friedrich I, Count (1574–1608) *

Prince-Bishopric of Sion The Diocese of Sion ( la, Dioecesis Sedunensis, french: Diocèse de Sion, german: Bistum Sitten) is a Catholic ecclesiastical territory in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It is the oldest bishopric in the country and one of the oldest north of ...

( complete list) – :*Mathieu Schiner, Prince-Bishop (1499–1522) :*Philippe am Hengart, Prince-Bishop (1522–1528) :*Adrien I of Riedmatten, Prince-Bishop (1529–1545) :*Jean Jordan, Prince-Bishop (1548–1565) :*Hildebrand I of Riedmatten, Prince-Bishop (1565–1604) *

Prince-Bishopric of Speyer The Prince-Bishopric of Speyer, formerly known as Spires in English, (German: ''Hochstift Speyer, Fürstbistum Speyer, Bistum Speyer'') was an ecclesiastical principality in what are today the German states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Baden-Würt ...

( complete list) – :* Ludwig of Helmstädt, Prince-bishop (1478–1504) :* Philip I of Rosenberg, Prince-bishop (1504–1513) :* George, Count Palatine by Rhine, Prince-bishop (1513–1529) :* Philip II of Flersheim, Prince-bishop (1529–1552) :* Rudolf of Frankenstein, Prince-bishop (1552–1560) :* Marquard Freiherr of Hattstein, Prince-bishop (1560–1581) :* Eberhard of Dienheim, Prince-bishop (1581–1610) *

Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg The Prince-Bishopric of Strasburg (german: Fürstbistum Straßburg; gsw-FR, Fìrschtbischofsìtz Strossburi(g)) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire from the 13th century until 1803. During the late 17th century, most of ...

( complete list) – :*

Albrecht von Pfalz-Mosbach Albert of Palatinate-Mosbach or Albert of Bavaria (German: ''Albrecht von Pfalz-Mosbach'' or ''Albrecht von Bayern'') (6 September 1440 – 20 August 1506 in Saverne) was a Roman Catholic clergyman who was bishop of Strasbourg from 1478 to 1506. Fa ...

, Prince-Bishop (1478–1506) :*Wilhelm III von Hohnstein, Prince-Bishop (1506–1541) :*Erasmus Schenk von Limburg, Prince-Bishop (1541–1568) :*Johann IV von Manderscheid, Prince-Bishop (1568–1592) :*

Johann Georg von Brandenburg Johann Georg ohn Georgevon Brandenburg (16 December 1577 – 2 March 1624) was a German nobleman and Protestant ecclesiastic in the Holy Roman Empire. He was the administrator (bishop) of Strasbourg from 1592 until 1604 and the Duke of Jägerndo ...

, Prince-Bishop (1592–1604) * County of Waldeck-Landau, Newer Line – :*

, Count (1539–1567) :* Philip VI, Count (1567–1579) :* Francis III, Count (1579–1597) * County of Waldeck-Eisenberg – :*

, Regent (1475–1486), Count (1486–1524) :* Philip III, Count (1524–1539) :* Wolrad II, Count (1539–1578) :* Josias I, Count (1578–1588) :*

Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...

, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1588–1607), of Waldeck-Wildungen (1607–1637) :* Wolrad IV, Count (1588–1640) * County of Waldeck-Wildungen, Older Line – :*

Henry VIII Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...

, Count of Waldeck-Waldeck (1475–1486), of Waldeck-Wildungen (1486–1512) :* Philipp IV, Count (1513–1574) :*

Daniel Daniel is a masculine given name and a surname of Hebrew origin. It means "God is my judge"Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 68. (cf. Gabriel—"God is my strength" ...

, Count (1574–1577) :* Henry IX, Count (1577) :* Günther, Count (1577–1585) :*

Wilhelm Ernst Wilhelm Ernst (25 August 1905, in Gelsenkirchen – 23 July 1952, in Gelsenkirchen) was a German chess master. Biography He was a winner at Weidenau 1937. He played several times in German Chess Championship; took second, behind Kurt Richter, at ...

, Count (1585–1598) *

Prince-Bishopric of Worms The Prince-Bishopric of Worms, was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. Located on both banks of the Rhine around Worms just north of the union of that river with the Neckar, it was largely surrounded by the Electorate of the ...

( complete list) – :*

Johann von Dalberg Johann von Dalberg (1445–1503) was the Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1482 to 1503. Biography Johann von Dalberg was born in 1445, the son of Wolfgang von Dalberg. He studied at Erfurt and in Italy, where he took his degree of ''doctor utriusqu ...

, Prince-bishop (1482–1503) :*

Reinhard von Rüppurr Reinhard von Rüppurr (or Rippur) was the Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1504 to 1523. He was appointed bishop on 9 February 1504 and resigned ca. 1523. References Roman Catholic bishops of Worms {{germany-RC-bishop-stub ...

, Prince-bishop (1503–1523) :*

, Prince-bishop (1523–1552) :*

Dietrich von Rothenstein Dietrich von Rothenstein (died 31 January 1580) was the Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1552 to 1580. He was appointed bishop on November 28, 1552, and died in office on January 31, 1580. References 1580 deaths Roman Catholic bishops of ...

, Prince-bishop (1552–1580) :*

Georg von Schönenberg Georg von Schönenberg (1530 – 11 August 1595) was the Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1581 to 1595. He was appointed bishop on January 16, 1581, and died in office on August 11, 1595. Numismatics Georg von Schönenberg is numismatically signifi ...

, Prince-bishop (1580–1595) :*

Philipp von Rothenstein Philipp von Rothenstein (died 21 March 1604) was the Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1596 to 1604. He was appointed bishop on July 15, 1596, and died in office on March 21, 1604. References 1604 deaths Roman Catholic bishops of Worms Y ...

, Prince-bishop (1595–1604)

Lower Saxon

Duchy A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a Middle Ages, medieval country, territory, fiefdom, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess, a ruler hierarchically second to the king or Queen regnant, queen in Western European tradition. There once exis ...

Electorate of Saxony The Electorate of Saxony, also known as Electoral Saxony (German: or ), was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356–1806. It was centered around the cities of Dresden, Leipzig and Chemnitz. In the Golden Bull of 1356, Emperor Charles ...

, Albertine ( complete list) – :* George I the Bearded, Duke (1500–1539) :* Henry IV the Pious, Duke (1539–1541) :*

Maurice I Maurice ( la, Mauricius or ''Mauritius''; ; 539 – 27 November 602) was Eastern Roman emperor from 582 to 602 and the last member of the Justinian dynasty. A successful general, Maurice was chosen as heir and son-in-law by his predecessor Ti ...

, Duke (1541–1547), Elector (1547–1553) :*

Augustus Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pri ...

, Elector of Saxony (1553–1586), Regent of Saxe-Weimar (1573–1586), Regent of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1586) :*

Christian I Christian I (February 1426 – 21 May 1481) was a Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union. He was king of Denmark (1448–1481), Norway (1450–1481) and Sweden (1457–1464). From 1460 to 1481, he was also duke of Schleswig (within ...

, Elector (1586–1591) :*

Sophie of Brandenburg Sophie of Brandenburg (6 June 1568 – 7 December 1622) was Electress of Saxony by marriage to Christian I, Elector of Saxony. She was regent from 1591 to 1601 during the minority of their son Christian II. Biography Sophie was born at ...

, Regent (1591–c.1601) :*

Christian II Christian II (1 July 1481 – 25 January 1559) was a Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union who reigned as King of Denmark and Norway, from 1513 until 1523, and Sweden from 1520 until 1521. From 1513 to 1523, he was concurrently Duke ...

, Elector (1591–1611), Regent of Saxe-Altenburg (1603–1611) *

Saxe-Lauenburg The Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg (german: Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg, called ''Niedersachsen'' (Lower Saxony) between the 14th and 17th centuries), was a '' reichsfrei'' duchy that existed from 1296–1803 and again from 1814–1876 in the extreme so ...

( complete list) – :*

, co-Duke (1439–1507) :* Magnus I, Duke (1507–1543) :*

, Duke (1543–1571, 1573/74–1581) :* Magnus II, Duke (1571–1573/74) :*

, co-Vicegerent (1578–1581), co-Administrator (1581–1586), co-Duke (1586–1612) :* Francis II, co-Vicegerent (1578–1581), co-Administrator (1581–1586), co-Duke (1586–1619) *

( complete list) – :* John III, Prince-archbishop (1497–1511) :* Christopher the Spendthrift, Prince-archbishop (1511–1542/1547, 1549–1558) :* George of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel line), Prince-archbishop (1558–1566 ) :* Henry III, Prince-archbishop (1568–1585) :* John Adolphus of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, Prince-archbishop (1589–1596) :* John Frederick, Prince-archbishop (1596–1634) * Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel/ Principality of Wolfenbüttel ( complete list) – :*

, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1491–1514), co-Prince of Calenberg (1491–1494) :* Henry V the Younger, Prince (1514–1568) :*

Julius The gens Julia (''gēns Iūlia'', ) was one of the most prominent patrician families in ancient Rome. Members of the gens attained the highest dignities of the state in the earliest times of the Republic. The first of the family to obtain the ...

, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1568–1589), of Calenberg (1584–1589) :* Henry Julius, Prince of Wolfenbüttel, of Calenberg (1589–1613), of Grubenhagen (1596–1613) *

Principality of Calenberg The Principality of Calenberg was a dynastic division of the Welf duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg established in 1432. Calenberg was ruled by the House of Hanover from 1635 onwards; the princes received the ninth electoral dignity of the Holy Roman ...

( complete list) – :* Eric I, co-Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1491–1494), Prince of Calenberg (1491–1540) :* Eric II, Prince (1545–1584) :*

, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1568–1589), of Calenberg (1584–1589) :* Henry Julius, Prince of Wolfenbüttel, of Calenberg (1589–1613), of Grubenhagen (1596–1613) *

Gandersheim Abbey Gandersheim Abbey (german: Stift Gandersheim) is a former house of secular canonesses ( Frauenstift) in the present town of Bad Gandersheim in Lower Saxony, Germany. It was founded in 852 by Duke Liudolf of Saxony, progenitor of the Liudolfing or ...

( complete list) – :*Agnes III, Princess-Abbess (1485–1504) :*Gertrud, Princess-Abbess (1504–1531) :*Katharina, rival abbess (1504–1536) :*Maria, Princess-Abbess (1532–1539) :*

Clara of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Clara of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (16 November 1532 in Wolfenbüttel – 23 November 1595 at Herzberg Castle), was a princess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by birth. She was abbess of the secular Gandersheim Abbey and later Duchess of Brunswick- ...

, Princess-Abbess (1539–1547) :*Magdalena of Chlum, Princess-Abbess (1547–1577, 1577–1589) :*Elisabeth, rival abbess (1577–1582) :*Margarete of Warberg, rival abbess (1582–1587) :*Anna Erica, Princess-Abbess (1589–1611) *

Duchy of Gifhorn The Duchy of Gifhorn (german: Herzogtum Gifhorn) with its residence at Gifhorn Castle was founded in 1539 and lasted only 10 years until the death of its ruler, Duke Francis of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1549. It consisted of the '' Ämter'' of Gifhorn ...

( complete list) – :*

Francis Francis may refer to: People *Pope Francis, the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State and Bishop of Rome *Francis (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters *Francis (surname) Places * Rural M ...

, co-Prince of Lüneburg (1536–1539), Prince of Gifhorn (1539–1549) *

Principality of Grubenhagen The Principality of Grubenhagen was a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruled by the Grubenhagen line of the House of Welf from 1291. It is also known as Brunswick-Grubenhagen. The principality fell to the Brunswick Principality of L ...

( complete list) – :* Henry IV, Prince (1479–1526) :*

Philip I Philip(p) I may refer to: * Philip I of Macedon (7th century BC) * Philip I Philadelphus (between 124 and 109 BC–83 or 75 BC) * Philip the Arab (c. 204–249), Roman Emperor * Philip I of France (1052–1108) * Philip I (archbishop of Cologne) (1 ...

, Prince (1486–1551) :* Ernest III, Prince (1551–1567) :*

, Prince (1567–1595) :*

, Prince (1595–1596) ::''annexed by Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel'' *

Free City of Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...

( complete list) – :*Johann Spreckelsen, Mayor (1512) :*Nicolaus Thode, Mayor (1517) :*Thidericus Hohusen, Mayor (1517) :*Mayorship unoccupied (1519–1520), Dietrich Hohusen, Second Mayor (1517–1546) :*Erhard vom Holte, Mayor (1520–1529) :*Hinrich Salsborg, Mayor (1523) :*Johann Hülpe, Mayor (1524) :*Johann Wetken, Mayor (1529–1533) :*Paul Grote, Mayor (1531) :*Albert Westede, Mayor (1533–1538) :*Johann Rodenborg, Mayor (1536) :*Peter von Spreckelsen, Mayor (1538–1553) :*Jürgen Plate, Mayor (1546) :*Matthias Rheder, Mayor (1547) :* Ditmar Koel, Mayor (1548) :*Albert Hackmann, Mayor (1553–1580) :*Mayorship unoccupied (1580–1581), Paul Grote, Second Mayor (1580–1584) :*Lorenz Niebur, Mayor (1557) :*Hermann Wetken, Mayor (1564) :*Eberhard Moller, Mayor (1571) :*Paul Grote, Mayor (1580) :*Johann Niebur, Mayor (1557) :*Nicolaus Vögeler, Mayor (1581) :*Joachim vom Kape, Mayor (1588) :*Diedrich von Eitzen, Mayor (1589) :*Mayorship unoccupied (1590–1591), Joachim von Kape, Second Mayor (1588–1594) :*Erich von der Fechte, Mayor (1591–1613) :*Joachim Bekendorp, Mayor (1593) :*Diederich vom Holte, Mayor (1595) :*Vincent Moller, Mayor (1599) *

Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim The Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim (german: Hochstift Hildesheim, Fürstbistum Hildesheim, Bistum Hildesheim) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire from the Middle Ages until its dissolution in 1803. The Prince-Bishopric must ...

( complete list) – :*

Berthold II of Landsberg Bertold of Landsberg (before 1464 – 4 May 1502 at the castle in Rotenburg an der Wümme) was bishop of Verden. He was also Bishop of Hildesheim as Berthold II. Life Ascent to bishop of Verden Berthold descended from the Lower Saxon Land ...

, Prince-bishop (1481–1502) :*

, Prince-bishop (1503–1504) :*

John IV of Saxe-Lauenburg John IV of Saxe-Lauenburg (*?–1414*) was a son of Duke Eric IV of Saxe-Lauenburg and Sophia of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Life When Eric III of Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln had died in 1401, John's father, Eric IV, inherited the branch duchy of the decease ...

, Prince-bishop (1504–1527) :*, Prince-bishop (1527–1531) :*

Otto IV of Schaumburg Otto IV of Schaumburg (1517 – 21 December 1576) was a German nobleman. He was a ruling Count of Schauenburg and of Holstein-Pinneberg. He was a son of Jobst I and his wife Mary of Nassau-Siegen, a daughter of Count John V of Nassau-Siege ...

, Prince-bishop (1531–1537) :*, Prince-bishop (1537–1551) :* Frederick of Denmark, Prince-bishop (1551–1556) :*, Prince-bishop (1557–1573) :* Ernest II of Bavaria, Prince-bishop (1573–1612) *

Duchy of Holstein The Duchy of Holstein (german: Herzogtum Holstein, da, Hertugdømmet Holsten) was the northernmost state of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the present German state of Schleswig-Holstein. It originated when King Christian I of Denmark had his ...

:*Dukes ( complete list) – ::*

, Duke (1481–1513) ::*

, Duke (1513–1523) ::*

, Duke (1523–1533) ::*

Olav Engelbrektsson Olav Engelbrektsson (, Trondenes, Norway – 7 February 1538, Lier, Duchy of Brabant, Habsburg Netherlands) was the 28th Archbishop of Norway from 1523 to 1537, the Regent of Norway from 1533 to 1537, a member and later president of the ''Riksr ...

, Regent (1533–1537) ::*

Christian III Christian III (12 August 1503 – 1 January 1559) reigned as King of Denmark from 1534 and King of Norway from 1537 until his death in 1559. During his reign, Christian formed close ties between the church and the crown. He established ...

, Duke of Holstein (1533–1544), Duke of Holstein-Glückstadt (1544–1559) :*

Statholder In the Low Countries, ''stadtholder'' ( nl, stadhouder ) was an office of steward, designated a medieval official and then a national leader. The ''stadtholder'' was the replacement of the duke or count of a province during the Burgundian and H ...

s ( complete list) – ::*

Johan Rantzau Johan (also Johann) Rantzau (12 November 1492 – 12 December 1565) was a German-Danish general and statesman known for his role in the Count's Feud. His military leadership ensured the succession of Christian III to the throne, which brou ...

, Statholder (1523/45–1550) ::* Bertram von Ahlefeldt, Statholder (1550–1556) ::*

Heinrich Rantzau Heinrich Rantzau or Ranzow (Ranzovius) (11 March 1526 – 31 December 1598) was a German humanist writer and statesman, a prolific astrologer and an associate of Tycho Brahe. He was son of Johan Rantzau. He was Governor of the Danish royal sh ...

, Statholder (1556–1598) *

Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev {{unreferenced, date=November 2018 Schleswig-Holstein-Hadersleben was a branch line of the House of Oldenburg, and of the territory held by the Duke of this branch. It was founded in 1544 by John II, as was compensated for not inheriting the Danis ...

– :*

, Duke (1544–1580) *

Holstein-Glückstadt Holstein-Glückstadt or Schleswig-Holstein-Glückstadt is the historiographical name, as well as contemporary shorthand name, for the parts of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein that were ruled by the Kings of Denmark in their function as dukes o ...

:*Dukes ( complete list) – ::*

, Duke of Holstein (1533–1544), Duke of Holstein-Glückstadt (1544–1559) ::* Frederick II, Duke (1559–1588) ::*

Christian IV Christian IV (12 April 1577 – 28 February 1648) was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 until his death in 1648. His reign of 59 years, 330 days is the longest of Danish monarchs and Scandinavian monar ...

, Duke (1588–1648) :*

s ( complete list) – ::*

, Statholder (1556–1598) ::* Geerd Rantzau, Statholder (1600–1627)Dietrich Hermann Hegewisch, Schleswigs und Holsteins Geschichte unter dem Könige Christian IV und den Herzogen Friedrich II, Philipp, Johann Adolf und Friedrich III oder von 1588 bis 1648, Kiel Neue Academische Buchhandlung, 1801, (=Wilhelm Ernst Christiani's Königlich-Dänischen wirklichen Justizraths und ordentlichen Professors der Weltweisheit, Beredsamkeit und Geschichte auf der Königl. Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Geschichte der Herzogthümer Schleswig und Holstein unter dem Oldenburgischen Hause; part 3), p. XIV. *

Holstein-Gottorp Holstein-Gottorp or Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp () is the historiographical name, as well as contemporary shorthand name, for the parts of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, also known as Ducal Holstein, that were ruled by the dukes of Schlesw ...

( complete list) – :*

Adolf Adolf (also spelt Adolph or Adolphe, Adolfo and when Latinised Adolphus) is a given name used in German-speaking countries, Scandinavia, the Netherlands and Flanders, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Latin America and to a lesser extent in vari ...

, Duke (1544–1586) :* Frederick II, Duke (1586–1587) :*

Philip Philip, also Phillip, is a male given name, derived from the Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominent Philips who popularize ...

, Duke (1587–1590) :* John Adolf, Duke (1590–1616) * Holstein-Pinneberg (Holstein-Schaumburg) ( complete list) – :*, Count (1492–1510) :*, Count (1510–1526) :*, Count (1526–1527) :* Jobst I, Count (1527–1531) :* Adolph XIII, Count (1531–1544) :*, Count (1531–1581) :*

, Count (1544–1576) :*, Count (1576–1601) *

Prince-bishopric of Lübeck The Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck, (german: Hochstift Lübeck; Fürstbistum Lübeck; Bistum Lübeck) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire until 1803. Originally ruled by Roman-Catholic bishops, after 1586 it was ruled by lay ...

( complete list) – :*

Theodoric II Theodoric II, ''Teodorico'' in Spanish and Portuguese, ( 426 – early 466) was the eighth King of the Visigoths, from 453 to 466. Biography Theoderic II, son of Theodoric I, obtained the throne by killing his elder brother Thorismund. The Engli ...

, Prince-bishop (1492–1506) :* Wilhem Westphal, Prince-bishop (1506–1509) :* John VIII, Prince-bishop (1510–1523) :* Henry III, Prince-bishop (1523–1535) :* Detlev von Reventlow, Prince-bishop (1535–1535) :* Balthasar Rantzau, Prince-bishop (1536–1547) :* Jodokus Hodfilter, Prince-bishop (1547–1551) :*

Theodoric III Theuderic III (or Theuderich, Theoderic, or Theodoric; french: Thierry) (c. 651–691) was the king of Neustria (including Burgundy) on two occasions (673 and 675–691) and king of Austrasia from 679 to his death in 691. Thus, he was the king of ...

, Prince-bishop (1551–1554) :*

sede vacante ''Sede vacante'' ( in Latin.) is a term for the state of a diocese while without a bishop. In the canon law of the Catholic Church, the term is used to refer to the vacancy of the bishop's or Pope's authority upon his death or resignation. Hi ...

, Prince-bishop (1554–1556) :*

Andreas von Barby Andreas von Barby (24 July 1508 - 3 August 1559) was a German-born nobleman in Danish service who served as "German Chancellor" (de facto Foreign Minister) under Christian III. He owned Selsø Manor on the Hornsherred peninsula. Early life and e ...

, Prince-bishop (1556–1559) :* John IX, Prince-bishop (1559–1561) :* Eberhard II, Prince-bishop (1561–1586) :*

John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp Johann Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp (27 February 1575 – 31 March 1616) was a Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. Life He was a third son of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife Christine of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel). He became the first Luthe ...

, Prince-bishop (1586–1607) *

Free City of Lübeck The Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck (german: Freie und Hansestadt Lübeck) was a city-state from 1226 to 1937, in what is now the German states of Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. History Imperial Free City and the Hanseatic Le ...

( complete list) – :*, Mayor (1475–1501) :*, Mayor (1487–1502) :*, Mayor (1489–1501) :*, Mayor (1498–1510) :*, Mayor (1502–1511) :*, Mayor (1501–1521) :*, Mayor (1513–1520) :*, Mayor (1503–1509) :*, Mayor (1512) :*, Mayor (1510–1528) :*, Mayor (1511–1527) :*, Mayor (1522–1530) :*, Mayor (1520–1531; 1535–1543) :*, Mayor (1531–1544) :*, Mayor (1528–1532; 1534–1537) :*, Mayor (1529–1531) :*, Mayor (1531–1552) :*, Mayor (1544–1560) :*, Mayor (1540–1564) :*, Mayor (1531–1532) :*

Jürgen Wullenwever Jürgen Wullenwever (c. 1492 – 29 September 1537) was burgomaster of Lübeck from 1533 to 1535, a period of religious, political and trade turmoil. Biography Wullenwever was probably born at Hamburg in 1492. Settling in Lübeck as a merc ...

, Mayor (1533–1535) :*, Mayor (1533–1535) :*, Mayor (1545–1549) :*, Mayor (1560) :*, Mayor (1551) :*, Mayor (1564) :*, Mayor (1553) :*, Mayor (1560–1566) :*, Mayor (1562) :*, Mayor (1561) :*, Mayor (1572) :*, Mayor (1573) :*, Mayor (1588) :*, Mayor (1579–1594) :*, Mayor (1571–1572) :*, Mayor (1580–1589) :*, Mayor (1581) :*, Mayor (1589) :*, Mayor (1594) :*, Mayor (1589) :*, Mayor (1599) :* Jakob Bording, Mayor (1600–1616) *

Principality of Lüneburg The Principality of Lüneburg (later also referred to as Celle) was a territorial division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg within the Holy Roman Empire, immediately subordinate to the emperor. It existed from 1269 until 1705 and its territory ...

( complete list) – :* Henry the Middle, Prince (1486–1520) :* Otto of Harburg, co-Prince (1520–1527) :* Ernest I the Confessor, co-Prince (1520–1527), Prince (1520–1546) :*

, co-Prince of Lüneburg (1536–1539), Prince of Gifhorn (1539–1549) :* Francis Otto, Prince (1555–1559) :*

Henry of Dannenberg Henry III (1533 – 19 January 1598), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruling Prince of Lüneburg from 1559 until 1569, jointly with his brother William the Younger. From 1569, he ruled over the Lordship of Dan ...

, Prince (1559–1598) :* William the Younger, Prince (1559–1592) :* Ernest II, Prince (1592–1611) *

Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg The Archbishopric of Magdeburg was a Roman Catholic archdiocese (969–1552) and Prince-Archbishopric (1180–1680) of the Holy Roman Empire centered on the city of Magdeburg on the Elbe River. Planned since 955 and established in 968, the Roma ...

and of Halberstadt ( complete list) – :*

Ernest II of Saxony Ernest II of Saxony (26 or 27 June 1464 – 3 August 1513 in Halle) held two episcopal titles: Archbishop of Magdeburg (from 1476 until his death); Administrator of the Diocese of Halberstadt (from 1480 until his death). Background Ernest ...

, Prince-archbishop of Magdeburg (1475–1513), Administor of Halberstadt (1480–1513) :* Albert IV of Brandenburg, Prince-archbishop, Administor (1513–1545) :*John Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Prince-archbishop, Administor (1545–1551) :*

Frederick IV of Brandenburg Frederick may refer to: People * Frederick (given name), the name Nobility Anhalt-Harzgerode *Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode (1613–1670) Austria * Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg), Duke of Austria from 1195 to 1198 * Frederi ...

, Prince-archbishop, Administor (1551–1552) :*

Sigismund of Brandenburg Sigismund of Brandenburg (1538–1566) was Prince-Archbishop of Magdeburg and Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt. Life Sigismund was born on 11 December 1538 in Cölln; the son of the Elector of Brandenburg, Joachim II (1505 ...

, Prince-archbishop, Administor (1552–1566) :* Joachim Frederick, Prince-archbishop (1566–1598) :*

Christian William of Brandenburg Christian Wilhelm of Brandenburg (28 August 1587 in Wolmirstedt – 1 January 1665 in Zinna Abbey) was a titular Margrave of Brandenburg, and from 1598 to 1631 Archbishop of Magdeburg. Life Christian Wilhelm was a son of Elector Joachim Fr ...

, Prince-archbishop (1598–1631) *Partitions of Mecklenburg, Mecklenburg (List of rulers of Mecklenburg#Table of rulers, complete list) – :*Magnus II, Duke of Mecklenburg, Magnus II, co-Duke of Mecklenburg (1477–1479), of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1479–1483), of Mecklenburg (1483–1503) :*Balthasar, Duke of Mecklenburg, Balthasar, co-Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1479–1483), of Mecklenburg (1483–1507) :*Eric II, Duke of Mecklenburg, Eric II, co-Duke (1503–1508) :*Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg, Albrecht VII the Handsome, co-Duke of Mecklenburg (1503–1520), Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1520–1547) :*Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg, Henry V the Peaceful, co-Duke of Mecklenburg (1503–1520), Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1520–1552) *Duchy of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (List of rulers of Mecklenburg#Table of rulers, complete list) – :*Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg, Albrecht VII the Handsome, co-Duke of Mecklenburg (1503–1520), Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1520–1547) :*John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg, John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1547–1552), Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1556–1576) :*Ulrich, Duke of Mecklenburg, Ulrich I, Duke (1555–1603) *Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (List of rulers of Mecklenburg#Table of rulers, complete list) – :*Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg, Henry V the Peaceful, co-Duke of Mecklenburg (1503–1520), Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1520–1552) :*Philip, Duke of Mecklenburg, Philip I, Duke (1552–1557) :*John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg, John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1547–1552), Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1556–1576) :*Johann VII, Duke of Mecklenburg, Johann VII, Duke (1576–1592) :*John Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg, John Albert II, co-Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1592–1621), -Güstrow (1610–1621), Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1621–1628, 1631–1636) :*Adolf Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg, Adolf Frederick I, co-Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1592–1621), -Güstrow (1610–1621), Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1621–1628, 1631–1658) *

( complete list) – :*

, Count (1500–1526) :* John VI, Count (1526–1529) :*George, Count (1526–1529) :*

, Count (1526–1566) :* Anthony I, Count (1526–1573) :* John VII, Count (1573–1603) :*Anthony II, Count (1573–1619)

Upper Saxon

*Electorate of Saxony, Electorate/ Duchy of Saxony, Ernestine ( complete list) – :*Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, Frederick III the Wise, Elector (1486–1525) :*John, Elector of Saxony, John I the Steadfast, Elector (1525–1532) :*John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony, John Frederick I, Elector (1532–1547), Duke (1547–1554) :*John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony, John Frederick II, Duke (1554–1566) :*Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxony (1566–1572), of Saxe-Weimar (1572–1573) *Saxe-Weimar (Saxe-Weimar#Dukes of Saxe-Weimar, complete list) – :*Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxony (1566–1572), of Saxe-Weimar (1572–1573) :*

, Elector of Saxony (1553–1586), Regent of Saxe-Weimar (1573–1586), Regent of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1586) :*Friedrich Wilhelm I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Friedrich Wilhelm I, Duke (1573–1602) *Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach#Rulers, complete list) – :*

, Elector of Saxony (1553–1586), Regent of Saxe-Weimar (1573–1586), Regent of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1586) :*John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg, John Casimir, co-Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1596), Duke of Saxe-Coburg (1596–1633) :*John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, John Ernest I, co-Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1596), Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (1596–1633), of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1633–1638) *Saxe-Eisenach (Saxe-Eisenach#Dukes of Saxe-Eisenach, complete list) – :*John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, John Ernest I, co-Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1596), Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (1596–1633), of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1633–1638) *Saxe-Coburg (Saxe-Coburg#Sovereigns of Saxe-Coburg, complete list) – :*John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg, John Casimir, co-Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572–1596), Duke of Saxe-Coburg (1596–1633) *Anhalt-Dessau (Anhalt-Dessau#Princes (1396–1561), complete list) – :*George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, George II the Strong, co-Prince (1474–1509) :*Rudolph IV, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Rudolph I the Valiant, co-Prince (1474–1510) :*Ernest I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Ernest I, co-Prince (1474–1516) :*Margaret of Münsterberg, Regent (1516–1524) :*Joachim I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Joachim I, co-Prince (1516–1544), Prince (1544–1561) :*John V, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, John IV, co-Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1524–1544), of Anhalt-Zerbst (1544–1551) :*George III, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, George III, co-Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1524–1544), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1544–1553) :*Karl I, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, Karl I, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1561), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1561) :*Bernhard VII, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, Bernhard VII, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen (1562–1570) :*Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt, Joachim Ernest, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen(1562–1570), Prince of Anhalt (1570–1586) *Anhalt-Köthen (Anhalt-Köthen#Princes of Anhalt-Köthen (1396–1562), complete list) – :*Waldemar VI, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, Waldemar VI, co-Prince (1471–1508) :*Adolph II, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, Adolph II, co-Prince (1475–1508) :*Magnus, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, Magnus, co-Prince (1475–1508), Prince (1475–1508) :*Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, Wolfgang the Confessor, Prince (1508–1562) :*Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt, Joachim Ernest, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen(1562–1570), Prince of Anhalt (1570–1586) *Principality of Anhalt-Plötzkau, Anhalt-Plötzkau (Principality of Anhalt-Plötzkau#Princes of Anhalt-Plötzkau 1544-1553, complete list) – :*George III, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, George III, co-Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1524–1544), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1544–1553) :*Karl I, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, Karl I, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1561), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1561) :*Bernhard VII, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, Bernhard VII, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen (1562–1570) :*Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt, Joachim Ernest, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen(1562–1570), Prince of Anhalt (1570–1586) *Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst, Anhalt-Zerbst (Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst#Princes, 1544–1796, complete list) – :*John V, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, John IV, co-Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1524–1544), of Anhalt-Zerbst (1544–1551) :*Karl I, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, Karl I, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1561), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1561) :*Bernhard VII, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, Bernhard VII, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen (1562–1570) :*Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt, Joachim Ernest, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen(1562–1570), Prince of Anhalt (1570–1586) *Principality of Anhalt (Principality of Anhalt#Table of rulers, complete list) – :*Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt, Joachim Ernest, co-Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1551–1570), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1553–1570), of Anhalt-Dessau (1561–1570), of Anhalt-Köthen(1562–1570), Prince of Anhalt (1570–1586) :*, co-Prince of Anhalt (1586–1596) :*John Ernest, co-Prince of Anhalt (1586–1601) :*John George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, John George I, co-Prince of Anhalt (1586–1603), of Anhalt-Dessau (1603–1618) :*Rudolph, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, Rudolph II, co-Prince of Anhalt (1586–1603), of Anhalt-Zerbst (1603–1621) :*Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, Christian I, co-Prince of Anhalt (1586–1603), of Anhalt-Bernburg (1603–1630) :*Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, Louis I, co-Prince of Anhalt (1586–1603), of Anhalt-Köthen (1603–1650) :*Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Plötzkau, Augustus, co-Prince of Anhalt (1586–1603), of Anhalt-Plötzkau (1603–1653), Regent of Anhalt-Zerbst (1621–1642), of Anhalt-Köthen (1650–1653) *Margraviate of Brandenburg, Electorate of Brandenburg (List of rulers of Brandenburg#Table of rulers, complete list) – :*Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg, Joachim I Nestor, Elector (1499–1535) :*Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg, Joachim II Hector, Elector (1535–1571) :*John George, Elector of Brandenburg, John George, Elector (1571–1598) :*Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, Joachim Frederick, Elector (1598–1608) *Neumark#Brandenburg-Küstrin, Brandenburg-Küstrin – :*John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin, John VIII, Margrave (1535–1571) *Duchy of Pomerania#Bogislaw X becomes sole ruler of the duchy of Pomerania (1478), Duchy of Pomerania, Pomerania-Wolgast, Pomerania-Barth (List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes#Table of rulers, complete list) – :*Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania, Bogislaw X the Great, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast and Pomerania-Stettin (1474–1478), of Pomerania (1478–1523) :*George I, Duke of Pomerania, George I, co-Duke of Pomerania (1523–1531) :*Barnim XI, Duke of Pomerania, Barnim IX the Pious, co-Duke of Pomerania (1523–1532), Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1532–1569) :*Philip I, Duke of Pomerania, Philip I the Pious, co-Duke of Pomerania (1531–1532), Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1532–1560) :*Ernst Ludwig, Duke of Pomerania, Ernst Ludwig the Fair, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1560–1569), Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1569–1592) :*John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania, John Frederick the Strong, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1560–1569), co-Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1569–1600) :*Barnim X, Duke of Pomerania, Barnim X the Younger, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1560–1569), Duke of Pomerania-Rügenwalde (1569–1603), of Pomerania-Stettin (1600–1603) :*Bogislaw XIII, Duke of Pomerania, Bogislaw XIII, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1560–1569), co-Duke of Pomerania-Barth (1569–1603), of Pomerania-Stettin (1603–1606) :*Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania, Philip Julius, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1592–1625) *Duchy of Pomerania#Bogislaw X becomes sole ruler of the duchy of Pomerania (1478), Pomerania-Stettin, Pomerania-Rügenwalde (List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes#Table of rulers, complete list) – :*Barnim IX, Duke of Pomerania, Barnim IX the Pious, co-Duke of Pomerania (1523–1532), Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1532–1569) :*John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania, John Frederick the Strong, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1560–1569), co-Duke of Pomerania-Stettin (1569–1600) :*Barnim X, Duke of Pomerania, Barnim X the Younger, co-Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (1560–1569), Duke of Pomerania-Rügenwalde (1569–1603), of Pomerania-Stettin (1600–1603) *Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt#Rulers of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, complete list) – :*Albrecht VII of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Albrecht VII, Count (1574–1605) *Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (Schwarzburg-Sondershausen#Rulers of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, 1552–1918, complete list) – :*John Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, John Günther I, Count (1552–1586) :*John Günther II, co-Count (1586–1631) :*Anton Henry, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Anton Henry, co-Count (1586–1638) :*Christian Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Christian Günther I, co-Count (1586–1642) :*, co-Count (1586–1643) *County of Stolberg (:de:Liste der Grafen zu Stolberg#Grafschaft Stolberg, de:complete list) – :*Heinrich IX zu Stolberg, Count (1436–1511) :*Bodo VIII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode, Botho zu Stolberg, Count (1467–1538) :*, Count (1501–1552) :*Louis, Count of Stolberg, Ludwig zu Stolberg, Count (1505–1574) :*Johann zu Stolberg, Count (1549–1612) :*Heinrich XI. zu Stolberg-Stolberg, Count (1551–1615) :*Wolfgang Georg zu Stolberg-Stolberg, Count (1582–1631) :*, Count (1594–1669) *Duchy of Thuringia, Landgraviate of Thuringia (List of rulers of Thuringia#Landgraves of Thuringia, complete list) – :*Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, Frederick VI, Landgrave (1486–1525) :*John, Elector of Saxony, John, Landgrave (1525–1532) :*John Frederick, Elector of Saxony, John Frederick I, Landgrave (1532–1547) :*John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg, John Ernest, Landgrave (1542–1553) :*John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony, John Frederick II, Landgrave (1554–1566) :*John William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, John William, Landgrave (1554–1572)

Swabian

*Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg (Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg#Bishops, complete list) – :*Friedrich von Hohenzollern, Prince-bishop (1486–1505) :*Heinrich von Lichtenau, Prince-bishop (1505–1517) :*Christoph von Stadion, Prince-bishop (1517–1543) :*Otto Truchsess von Waldburg, Prince-bishop (1543–1573) :*Johann Eglof von Knöringen, Prince-bishop (1573–1575) :*Marquard von Berg, Prince-bishop (1575–1591) :*Johann Otto von Gemmingen, Prince-bishop (1591–1598) :*Heinrich von Knöringen, Prince-bishop (1599–1646) * (List of rulers of Baden#Table of rulers, complete list) – :*Philip of Hachberg-Sausenberg, Philip I, Margrave (1487–1503) ::''then inherited by Christoph I to unite Baden'' *Margraviate of Baden/ Margraviate of Baden-Baden (List of rulers of Baden#Table of rulers, complete list) – :*Christoph I, Margrave of Baden-Baden, Christopher I, Margrave of Baden-Baden (1475–1503), of Baden (1503–1515) :*Philip I, Margrave of Baden, Philip I, Margrave of Baden (1515–1533) :*Bernhard III, Margrave of Baden-Baden, Bernard III, co-Margrave of Baden (1515–1533), Margrave of Baden-Baden (1533–1536) :*Ernest, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Ernest I, co-Margrave of Baden (1515–1533), Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1533–1553) :*Franziska of Luxembourg-Ligny, Regent? (1536–1554) :*Philibert, Margrave of Baden-Baden, Philibert I, Margrave (1554–1569) :*Albert V, Duke of Bavaria, Regent (1569–c.1577) :*Philip II, Margrave of Baden-Baden, Philip III, Margrave (1569–1588) :*Edward Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern (1575–1588), Margrave of Baden-Baden (1588–1596) :*Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1577–1604), of Baden-Baden (1594–1604), Regent of Baden-Hachberg (1590–1591) *Margraviate of Baden-Durlach ''(or Baden-Pforzheim)'' (List of rulers of Baden#Table of rulers, complete list) – :*Ernest, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Ernest I, co-Margrave of Baden (1515–1533), Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1533–1553) :*Bernard IV, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Bernard IV, Margrave (1552–1553) :*Charles II, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Charles II, Margrave (1553–1577) :*Louis VI, Elector Palatine, Regent (1577–1583) :*Anna of Veldenz, Regent (1577–1584) :*Louis III, Duke of Württemberg, Regents (1577–1584) :*Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1577–1604), of Baden-Baden (1594–1604), Regent of Baden-Hachberg (1590–1591) *Margraviate of Baden-Hachberg (List of rulers of Baden#Table of rulers, complete list) – :*James III, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg, James III, Margrave (1577–1590) :*Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, Ernest Frederick, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1577–1604), of Baden-Baden (1594–1604), Regent of Baden-Hachberg (1590–1591) :*Ernest James, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg, Ernest James, Margrave (1590–1591) * (List of rulers of Baden#Table of rulers, complete list) – :*Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern, Christopher II, Margrave (1556–1575) :*Edward Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern (1575–1588), Margrave of Baden-Baden (1588–1596) :*Philip III, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern, Philip IV, Margrave (1588–1620) *Prince-Bishopric of Constance (Prince-Bishopric of Constance#List of bishops, complete list) – :*Hugo von Hohenlandenberg, Prince-bishop (1496–1529; 1531/2) :*, Prince-bishop (1530–1531) :*, Prince-bishop (1532–1537) :*, Prince-bishop (1537–1548) :*, Prince-bishop (1549–1561) :*Mark Sittich von Hohenems Altemps, Prince-bishop (1561–1589) :*Margrave Andrew of Burgau, Prince-bishop (1589–1600) *Ellwangen Abbey, Prince-Provostry of Ellwangen (Prince-provost#Prince-Provosts of Ellwangen, complete list) – :*Albrecht V of Rechberg, Prince-provost (1461–1502) :*Bernhard of Westerstetten, Prince-provost (1502–1503) :*Albrecht VI Thumb of Neuburg, Prince-provost (1503–1521) :*

, Prince-provost (1551–1552) :*Otto Truchsess von Waldburg, Prince-provost (1553–1573) :*, Prince-provost (1573–1584) :*, Prince-provost (1584–1603) *Fürstenberg-Baar (Fürstenberg-Baar#Counts of Fürstenberg-Baar (1441 - 1559), complete list) – :*Wolfgang, Count (1499–1509) :*Frederick III, Count (1509–1559) *Gutenzell Abbey (:de:Reichsabtei Gutenzell#Liste der Äbtissinnen, de:complete list) – :*Walburga Gräter, Princess-abbess (c.1478–1503) :*Walburga Bugglin, Princess-abbess (fl.1504) :*Katharina Becht, Princess-abbess (fl.1516 1526) :*Barbara von Stotzingen, Princess-abbess (fl.1526–1527) :*Magdalena von Freyberg, Princess-abbess (fl.1532–1540) :*Maria von Landenberg, Princess-abbess (1542–1567) :*Maria Segesser von Brunegg, Princess-abbess (1567–1610) *Hohenzollern-Hechingen (Hohenzollern-Hechingen#Rulers, complete list) – :*Eitel Friedrich IV, Count of Hohenzollern, Eitel Friedrich IV, Count (1576–1605) *Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen#Rulers, complete list) – :*Charles II, Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Charles II, Count (1576–1606) *Princely Abbey of Kempten (:de:Liste der Äbte und Fürstäbte des Fürststifts Kempten, complete list) – :* 1481–1507) :*Johann Rudolf of Raitenau, Prince-abbot (1507–1523) :* 1523–1536) :* 1536–1557) :*-Burchberg 1557–1571) :*Eberhard V of Stein, Prince-abbot (1571–1584) :*Adalbert IV of Hoheneck, Prince-abbot (1584–1587) :* 1587–1594) :*Johann Adam Renner of Allmendingen, Prince-abbot (1594–1607) *Königsegg (Königsegg#Barons of Königsegg (1470–1663), complete list) – :*John IV, Baron (1500–1544) :*John Marquard, Baron (1544–1553) :*John James, Baron (1544–1567) :*Marquard IV, Baron (1567–1626) *Lindau Abbey (:de:Kanonissenstift Lindau#Fürstäbtissinnen, de:complete list) – :*, Princess-abbess (1491–1531) :*Katharina II von Bodmann, Princess-abbess (1531–1578) :*Barbara von der Breiten-Landenberg, Princess-abbess (1578–1614) *Principality of Mindelheim, Mindelheim (Principality of Mindelheim#Lords of Mindelheim (1467–1559), complete list) – :*Georg von Frundsberg, Georg II, Lord (1478–1528) :*Casper, Lord (1528–1536) :*George III, Lord (1536–1559), Baron (1559–1586) *House of Oettingen-Wallerstein, Oettingen-Wallerstein (House of Oettingen-Wallerstein#Rulers, complete list) – :*Friedrich VIII, Count (1557–1579) :*Wilhelm II, Count (1579–1602) *Weingarten Abbey (Weingarten Abbey#Abbots of Weingarten, complete list) – :*Hartmann von Knorringen-Burgau, Prince-abbot (1491–1520) :*Gerwig Blarer von Görsperg, Prince-abbot (1520–1567) :*Johann III Halblizel, Prince-abbot (1567–1575) :*Johann Christoph Rastner von Zellersberg, Prince-abbot (1575–1586) :*Georg Wegelin, Prince-abbot (1586–1627) *Barony of Westerburg (Barony of Westerburg#Foundation and early history, complete list) – :*Reinhard IV, Baron (1453–1522) *Duchy of Württemberg (List of rulers of Württemberg#Dukes of Württemberg 1495–1803, complete list) – :*Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg, Duke (1498–1519, 1534–1550) :*Christoph, Duke of Württemberg, Duke (1550–1568) :*Louis III, Duke of Württemberg, Duke (1569–1593) :*Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg, Duke (1593–1608)

Swiss Confederacy

Italy

*Republic of Genoa (Doge of Genoa, complete list) – :*Paolo da Novi, Doge (1507) :*Giano II di Campofregoso, Doge (1512–1513) :*Ottaviano Fregoso, Doge (1513–1515) :*Antoniotto II Adorno, Doge (1522–1527) :*Oberto Cattaneo Lazzari, Doge (1528–1531) :*Battista Spinola, Doge (1531–1533) :*Battista Lomellini, Doge (1533–1535) :*Cristoforo Grimaldi Rosso, Doge (1535–1537) :*Giovanni Battista Doria, Doge (1537–1539) :*Giannandrea Giustiniani Longo, Doge (1539–1541) :*Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta, Doge (1541–1543) :*Andrea Centurione Pietrasanta, Doge (1543–1545) :*Giovanni Battista De Fornari, Doge (1545–1547) :*Benedetto Gentile Pevere, Doge (1547–1549) :*Gaspare Grimaldi Bracelli, Doge (1549–1551) :*Luca Spinola (1489-1579), Luca Spinola, Doge (1551–1553) :*Giacomo Promontorio, Doge (1553–1555) :*Agostino Pinelli Ardimenti, Doge (1555–1557) :*Pietro Giovanni Chiavica Cibo, Doge (1557–1558) :*Girolamo Vivaldi, Doge (1559–1561) :*Paolo Battista Giudice Calvi, Doge (1561) :*Giovanni Battista Cicala Zoagli, Doge (1561–1563) :*Giovanni Battista Lercari (1507-1592), Giovanni Battista Lercari, Doge (1563–1565) :*Ottavio Gentile Oderico, Doge (1565–1567) :*Simone Spinola, Doge (1567–1569) :*Paolo Giustiniani Moneglia, Doge (1569–1571) :*Giannotto Lomellini, Doge (1571–1573) :*Giacomo Grimaldi Durazzo, Doge (1573–1575) :*Prospero Centurione Fattinanti, Doge (1575–1577) :*Giovanni Battista Gentile Pignolo, Doge (1577–1579) :*Nicolò Doria, Doge (1579–1581) :*Gerolamo De Franchi Toso (1522-1586), Gerolamo De Franchi Toso, Doge (1581–1583) :*Gerolamo Chiavari, Doge (1583–1585) :*Ambrogio Di Negro, Doge (1585–1587) :*Davide Vacca, Doge (1587–1589) :*Battista Negrone, Doge (1589–1591) :*Giovanni Agostino Giustiniani Campi, Doge (1591–1593) :*Antonio Grimaldi Cebà, Doge (1593–1595) :*Matteo Senarega, Doge (1595–1597) :*Lazzaro Grimaldi Cebà, Doge (1597–1599) :*Lorenzo Sauli, Doge (1599–1601) *Duchy of Mantua (List of rulers of Mantua#Dukes of Mantua (1530–1708), complete list) – :*Vincenzo I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, Vincenzo I Gonzaga (1587–1612) *Duchy of Milan (List of rulers of Milan, complete list) – :*Louis XII of France, Duke (1499–1512) :*Maximilian Sforza, Duke (1512–1515) :*Francis I of France, Duke (1515–1521) :*Francesco II Sforza, Duke (1522–1535) ::''In 1535 the vacant duchy was annexed by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.'' :*

, Duke (1555–1598) :*Philip III of Spain, Philip II, Duke (1598–1621) ::''From 1556 to 1707 Milan was ruled in personal union with Spain.'' *Duchy of Modena and Reggio, Duchy of Modena (Duke of Ferrara and of Modena#Table of rulers, complete list) – :*Cesare d'Este, Duke of Modena, Cesare, Duke (1597–1628) *Principality of Orange (Prince of Orange#Bearers of the title, complete list) – :*John IV of Chalon-Arlay, John IV, Prince (1475–1502) :*Philibert of Châlon, Philibert, Prince (1502–1530) :*René of Chalon, René, Prince (1530–1544) :*William the Silent, William I, Prince (1544–1584) :*Philip William, Prince of Orange, Philip William, Prince (1584–1618) *Papal States (List of popes, complete list) – :*Pope Alexander VI, Alexander VI, Pope (1492–1503) :*Pope Pius III, Pius III, Pope (1503) :*Pope Julius II, Julius II, Pope (1503–1513) :*Pope Leo X, Leo X, Pope (1513–1521) :*Pope Adrian VI, Adrian VI, Pope (1522–1523) :*Pope Clement VII, Clement VII, Pope (1523–1534) :*Pope Paul III, Paul III, Pope (1534–1549) :*Pope Julius III, Julius III, Pope (1550–1555) :*Pope Marcellus II, Marcellus II, Pope (1555) :*Pope Paul IV, Paul IV, Pope (1555–1559) :*Pope Pius IV, Pius IV, Pope (1559–1565) :*Pope Pius V, Pius V, Pope (1566–1572) :*Pope Gregory XIII, Gregory XIII, Pope (1572–1585) :*Pope Sixtus V, Sixtus V, Pope (1585–1590) :*Pope Urban VII, Urban VII, Pope (1590) :*Pope Gregory XIV, Gregory XIV, Pope (1590–1591) :*Pope Innocent IX, Innocent IX, Pope (1591) :*Pope Clement VIII, Clement VIII, Pope (1592–1605) *Duchy of Parma (Duke of Parma, complete list) – :*Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma, Ottavio Farnese (1549–1586) *Duchy of Savoy (Duchy of Savoy#List of Dukes of Savoy, complete list) – :*Philibert II of Savoy, Philibert II, Duke (1497–1504) :*Charles III of Savoy, Charles III, Duke (1504–1553) :*Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, Emmanuel Philibert, Duke (1553–1580) :*Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy, Charles Emmanuel I, Duke (1580–1630)

References

{{State leaders by century Lists of 16th-century people, 16th century 16th-century rulers in Europe, Lists of state leaders by year, - 16th century in the Holy Roman Empire