List of ideophones in Basque

This article is list of ideophones in Basque language based on Ibarretxe-Antuñano's (2006) trilingual dictionary Hizkuntzaren Bihotzean - Euskal Onomatopeien Hiztegia.

A

* — expression for toddling children and in lullabies
* — sleep
* — go for a walk
* — expression of happiness
* — gasp of astonishment
* — cattle
* — indecisive
* — indecision.
* — stilts
* — walk, go for a walk
* — running
* — walking (especially, a little kid).
* — toddle over here.
* — drowsy sleepy man
* — foam, spray, surf
* — expression of disapproval
* — call for challenge
* — homeless
* — spider
* — gush out
* — gee up!
* — zigzag.
* — cry to start moving
* — without too many clothes.
* — ouch; call for pigs.
* — to run.
* — bark of a small dog
* — call for geese
* — expression to get up
* — expression of happiness
* — sound of bite
* — quarrel, problem.
* — expression to set the dog on somebody
* — call for a challenge
* — leftovers

B

* — from person to person; bluntly.
* — move clumsily.
* — hard boiling sound.
* — industrious, proud, non-stop.
* — sound of bubbling water; rhythmic falling of a light body.
* — a great deal, a lot, amply, abundantly, plentifully.
* — sound of ripping
* — move quickly.
* — wholly, completely.
* — profusely (especially grain falling and money spending).
* — tipsy, slightly drunk.
* — equally, no matter.
* — to walk by oneself.
* — clumsy.
* — call for cats.
* — flattery.
* — bubble, rounded.
* — swinging, teetering.
* — tumbling, turning over.
* — stagger, totter, reel.
* — slip, sway, rocking.
* — piled up.
* — women's fight (tearing hair out)
* — gently.
* — borborygmus; any rumbling noise
* — around.
* — call for ducks.
* — suddenly.
* — tp spread.
* — buzzing.
* — wee wee, pee pee.
* — throwing the ball to one another.
* — to be naughty.
* — melt down.
* — soaked.
* — swollen.
* — spreading.
* — sleeping.
* — big spending.
* — gushing, spurting.
* — precipitous mountain.
* — stride purposefully.
* — walk hastily.
* — twinkle, glitter.
* — walk very fast.
* — rumour.
* — waste.
* — bumble bee humming.

D

* — knock the door.
* — going in a hurry.
* — tremble.
* — insistently, on and on.
* — tap, stroke
* — have an idea suddenly.
* — trembling.
* — proceed drastically
* — light tremble.
* — continuous drag.
* — with difficulty.
* — the sound of something sparkling or shiny.
* — sparkle, sunbeam, gleam.
* — sparkle, glow (stars).
* — barely, hardly.
* — in big gulps.
* — to stop suddenly.
* — trot.
* — count or pay by giving the money coin by coin.
* — clumsily drink in big gulps.
* — exactly
* — sound of a firework being launched.

DZ

* — throw something and put it into an opening or a corner.
* — not to bounce the ball as a result of hitting the angle.
* — walk slowly and swinging.
* — the sound of hitting somebody in the chest.
* — sawing sound, squeak.
* — bim bam.
* — gushing out water

E

* — chattering.
* — walk with difficulty, trudge.
* — slow at walking
* — keep up with difficulty.
* — without thinking
* — gossiping.
* — articulating the sound ''R'' wrongly
* — yaa! (cattle)
* — nervously.
* — exclamation used when somebody is in a difficult situation or to attract attention.
* — as a last resort.
* — yaa! (cattle).

F

* — light motion (sails, birds, sweat running down...)
* — very full dress
* — frivolous.
* — rustling.
* — spin clumsily.
* — walk angrily.
* — fall down in circles and slowly.
* — fray.
* — murmur.
* — soft breeze.
* — softly.
* — walk aimlessly.
* — rotative motion of an object thrown in the air.
* — foolishly.
* — stomp around in a rage.
* — crack, crackle, crash.
* — long wave.
* — fall into water.
* — whoosh, go across the air fast
* — not to keep one's word
* — call for hens.
* — sound the spinning wheel.

G

* — boiling, bubbling, gushing out.
* — lazy person.
* — caw, croak, honk.
* — mature woman ready to marry the first one to appear.
* — rolling around.
* — groping in the dark.
* — weak.
* — sound of a cowbell.
* — sound of gnawing.
* — water murmur.
* — wine poured in a bottle.
* — sound of cutting hair.
* — to get upset stomach from something.
* — swallow.
* — red-hot, burning, incandescent.
* — bone crackling.

H

* — one after another
* — pant (breath with difficulty).
* — carry stones
* — basics, rudiments.
* — profusely eating.
* — from time to time.
* — bits and scraps of bones and pork.
* — drink up in a gulp
* — hobbling.
* — bickering.

I

* — almost.
* — otter.
* — ridicule.
* — quarrel, argument.
* — hunt around for.
* — "I Spy" game.
* — voyeur.
* — growing dark.
* — indecisive man.
* — sig of disgust and sadness.
* — beat about the bush.
* — complaint.
* — in great detail.
* — carefully.
* — tittle-tattle.
* — call for pigeons.
* — rotative motion, quick and confusing.
* — mocking laugh.
* — guffaw.
* — throw money in christening ceremonies
* — weak.
* — mischievous smile
* — whoop of joy typical of Basque shepherds when they are in the mountains, and of Basque people in general
* — smudge.
* — whispering.
* — trivialities.
* — a big hurry.
* — blindly.
* — not a word.
* — secret conversation.
* — shhh, hush.
* — chattering whispering.
* — mystery
* — oi, call for attention

J

* — expression of skepticism.
* — steps of a procedure.
* — prancing.
* — twangy.
* — crawl

K

* — wooden bowl for milk.
* — cry of pain (of dogs being hit)
* — cockatoo
* — cunning argument, trickery.
* — rhythmical noise.
* — millstone.
* — poppy, weed in wheat.
* — sound of bouncing ball in Jai-Alai
* — little by little.
* — guffaw; ha-ha-ha.
* — jolt, screech.
* — call for sheep and cows.
* — rat-a-tat-tat.
* — expression for keeping away a cat.
* — gesture, wink.
* — in a straight line.
* — hen's hiccups.
* — coward, intimidated.
* — staggering astride.
* — twist of rivers.
* — multicoloured.
* — tickles.
* — wobbling; unsure.
* — slip away.
* — swords fighting sound.
* — cricket sound.
* — trudge.
* — keep up with difficulty.
* — jumping or rolling on the ends of a wooden log that rolls down the hill.
* — hide-and-seek game.
* — in bites
* — joy, jubilation.
* — frog sound, croak.
* — gnashing of teeth.
* — articulating '' R'' sound wrongly.
* — champagne
* — latch.
* — central part in leather balls.
* — with difficulty.
* — rummage.
* — trinket.
* — sound of unstacking.
* — wolf down.
* — scissors' sound
* — insect's flight.
* — cut hair.
* — stop out of tiredness.
* — sound of liquid in a bottle.
* — cot sound, to rock.
* — idiot.
* — indecisive.
* — squatting, crouching.
* — carry a boy astride.
* — belch.
* — get drunk
* — drink buzz; if said to somebody, it is an invitation to do so, if the other person accepts, this one must say .
* — strumming.
* — griding.
* — sound of breaking small things.
* — castanet, snap
* — strawman.
* — flat corncake filled with green cheese.
* — cock-a-doodle-doo
* — kitchen job.
* — trifling.
* — nap, siesta, light sleep.
* — rhythmical sound of a cradle/cot
* — doorstop.
* — full of fruit.
* — exclamation used by children when playing
* — pig grunt, oink.
* — call for pigs.
* — that precise moment
* — a person with hunched shoulders
* — set the animals on somebody

L

* — (game) blind man's bluff.
* — sound of dog gnawing.
* — tasteless.
* — hefty man.
* — slurp down.
* — small snowflake.
* — slip, slide
* — praises and flatteries, suck up to somebody.
* — sound of rough sea, roar
* — naive; for kids: milk (not maternal).
* — "the same old story".
* — flower.
* — singing softly to oneself.
* — sun glitter over a field.
* — bird trill.
* — sleep.
* — windward.
* — dummy.
* — put somebody off.

M

* — slow and peacefully.
* — little by little.
* — roar of oxen.
* — land dragged by a torrent.
* — drinking water or liquid.
* — lice and fleas.
* — bug insect.
* — ghost, boogeyman.
* — whispering, mumbling.
* — snow softly and continuously.
* — gradually.
* — gulp down making noises.
* — bellowing, howling.
* — voraciously, greedily.
* — kissing.
* — sluggish.
* — big lips.
* — eating voraciously.
* — twangy.
* — completely soaked.
* — eat without appetite.
* — weak and thin.
* — not a word
* — finicky.
* — call for cats.
* — scold.
* — whisper.
* — murmur of water.
* — with one arm.

N

* — chaos, mess.
* — confusion, mess
* — wish.
* — dull ache.
* — (kids) milk.
* — irritate.
* — twinkle.
* — with half closed eyes
* — wet nurse.

Ñ

* — dirty trick.
* — yum-yum, (kids) to eat.
* — (kids) cheese; food.
* — offering but not giving.
* — eating without appetite.
* — wink
* — sound of having sex.
* — hitting a bit, fighting for fun.
* — teeny-weeny.
* — iris.
* — short-sighted.
* — chewing.

O

* — indigestion.
* — call for challenge; expression of anger.
* — offering.
* — out!
* — expression of pain when burned or stuck with a needle
* — with great difficulty.

P

* — puffing.
* — swish.
* — walk step by step.
* — harmful animal.
* — shoot, bang.
* — hit continuously.
* — show-off.
* — doll.
* — corn or flour bread.
* — slide, glide.
* — gushing out.
* — forced smile.
* — thrown an object at a short distance.
* — pure.
* — glub-glub, slowly boiling.
* — reverse, back.
* — butterfly
* — favourite
* — elegant
* — spend money little by little.
* — continuous and hectic succession of things.
* — diarrhoea.
* — boy's game: throwing a ball.
* — tumble, rolling down.
* — coat (food, with egg and flour).
* — sound of a heavy object falling.
* — boom (fireworks).
* — breakdown, failure.
* — chubby.
* — speak quickly and continuously.
* — yuck!
* — splash.
* — bouncing.
* — pain, hurt.
* — spill.
* — slid down a slope.
* — in abundance.
* — liquid spill.
* — fart
* — get annoyed
* — blow
* — DIY, small jobs
* — kick of a harassed horse
* — blow

R

* — strode.

S

* — shove.
* — jumble.
* — thud.
* — transparent.
* — great shock
* — sudden action, incision
* — inserting one object into another
* — burst; sting.
* — frequently
* — devour.
* — come and go zig-zagging
* — sharply
* — non stop.
* — helter-skelter, bolt
* — gesture
* — ceremonious
* — sound of sew
* — moth
* — poor in nutrients
* — rachitic
* — mole's noise
* — sew clumsily
* — whoa!, voice to stop animals
* — sew clumsily; a rough patch.
* — suddenly

T

* — splish-splash, wade.
* — sound of not very audible noises (heartbeat, pocket watch...); touch, tap.
* — quick action; sudden stop.
* — groping
* — toddling, walk slowly, in short and quick steps
* — frequently, constantly
* — tick-tock, clock sound
* — swish, sound of a liquid moving inside a pitcher
* — water shaking in a container
* — wet
* — bump, hit
* — walk from one place to another
* — sound of drops
* — punctually
* — bucket in boats for bailing out
* — coin by coin; step by step; drop by drop; rhythmical noise.
* — sound of falling
* — walk with irregular steps
* — drop
* — dripping
* — big man
* — little jumps when galloping or trotting
* — sound of a person falling down into the floor
* — fall and roll down the floor
* — brazen woman
* — expression of skepticism
* — drill
* — frying pan
* — unpleasant sound.
* — sound of a cartwheel moving
* — spillage
* — sticky
* — sound of clothing ripping
* — drag
* — in an agitated state; make somebody anger; agitate
* — snap (a robe)
* — knotty wood
* — in one's free moments; in intervals.
* — once in a while
* — cry profusely
* — scorn
* — spanking
* — suddenly
* — sound of scratching
* — stammering
* — youngest child
* — offering but not giving
* — nod (sleeping)
* — hammering
* — hammering sound
* — large wave.
* — provoking.
* — stand doing nothing.
* — halt, stop.
* — upright.
* — rebel, uncontrolled, unbridled.
* — stubbornly.
* — in any way.
* — slowly, little by little.
* — in a straight line.
* — doggy.
* — idiot.
* — without thinking.
* — beating.
* — little by little, step by step.
* — worn out.
* — clang, metal sound.
* — gulp
* — small details
* — pulse
* — baby's bottle
* — run with difficulty
* — pitter-patter
* — cicada's song
* — at will
* — c'mon!
* — fall and roll down
* — tinkling
* — gnashing of teeth
* — farting
* — lagging, straggling
* — electric ring
* — plod
* — say "no" in disgust
* — sound of flute
* — hey! (addressing males)
* — get upset stomach from something, overdose on
* — toast, cheers
* — leapfrog, children's game
* — call for cows
* — walk, trot
* — slam, bang oor closing* — gallop
* — clumsy movement of the spinning top
* — dance and music from the Basque Country
* — walk rhythmically
* — gipsy con
* — rattle
* — press too much
* — fight tooth and nail
* — doorknocker
* — instant
* — man with a malformation who walks clumsily, running into people
* — rain buckets (a lot)
* — yuck! expression of revulsion
* — cough!
* — a combination of three cards of equal value in the card game 31
* — plug
* — loud blow
* — jump in the air
* — no way
* — waterfall, cascade
* — whistle made of plants
* — small bugle
* — not a thing

TT

* — yuck! (expression of disgust)
* — taking baby steps
* — sound of txalaparta
* — drag little by little
* — expression used when somebody is deceived
* — get off
* — provoking
* — slowly and peacefully
* — handbell sound
* — liquor
* — small step by step
* — get dressed
* — small person looking around for something
* — deformed animal
* — eau-de-vie;
* — spit
* — objection
* — take it easily
* — Basque instrument from Soule, psaltery
* — Basque mardi-gras characters in Ituren and Zubieta (joaldunak)
* — carnival hat, worn by joaldunak
* — shit of sheep

TX

* — stop tapping
* — keep upright (of children)
* — woman's cry
* — short step
* — sultry, stuffy weather
* — fast rowing regatas
* — rock the boats on the waves
* — coin
* — wooden cat, tap for barrels
* — joke
* — reckless
* — small person
* — play ducks and drakes
* — splash about barefoot
* — empty nut
* — swipe
* — punish
* — every step
* — call for women
* — small child
* — roast
* — walk slowly but with a firm step
* — clog
* — call for young donkeys
* — cry, say ''uncle''
* — throw nuts one by one
* — simmer, slowly boil
* — coin, money
* — not a word
* — clinking of coins
* — rattle
* — good, loyal
* — chirp, tweet
* — splash about
* — shaving
* — carry a baby astride
* — to be crossed with somebody
* — skittle
* — insecure person, busybody
* — bell, buzzer, ring
* — slide
* — slide, tobbogan, sled
* — explode, tear to pieces
* — frying crackle
* — flute
* — trample
* — look for sweets
* — Basque flute
* — chick
* — willy, wee-wee
* — bits and pieces, trinket
* — informality
* — wee, pee
* — call for attention, addressing boys
* — dive, dipping one's head in the water
* — drinking jug with spout and handle (''see botijo'')
* — puppet
* — drive mad
* — fuck, screw
* — in card game, answer to '
* — expression used in sagardotegis when a barrel is to be opened
* — spit
* — small drum
* — curl up
* — sip
* — pub crawl
* — ouch!
* — whispering, saying secrets

TZ

* — mucus
* — baby crawl
* — loose thread; unimportant thing or person
* — log (tree)
* — rickety rickety
* — laugh sarcastically

U

* — puff, expression of sadness
* — doubt
* — howl
* — expression of distrust
* — be up to no good
* — call for hens
* — by bargaining
* — whoa! (stop oxen)
* — expression of pain and surprise
* — flatulence
* — call to move away hens
* — idle

X

* — whoa! (oxen)
* — slap
* — hit rhythmically
* — get undressed and wash the clothes
* — away! (for cats)
* — scratch
* — mice squeak
* — do something quickly
* — incidentally, in detail
* — making a racket, a row
* — wrinkle a bit
* — pork, pig's flesh
* — zigzag
* — whimpering, whining
* — mist
* — violin
* — tempting
* — drizzle
* — hurricane
* — diarrhea
* — spell, charm
* — plod
* — dripping
* — cry of pain
* — shepherd's game with six pebbles
* — whipping
* — pun, play of words
* — whoosh
* — quickly; instant
* — sound of squirrels
* — flash of lightning
* — despicable
* — hidden places
* — insisting
* — abracadabra
* — sip, swig
* — drink constantly

Z

* — speak fast
* — mishmash, jumble
* — loud splash (water, mud)
* — shove
* — suddenly
* — gulp down
* — tangle
* — ugly and scruffy woman
* — indecision
* — ride, merry-go-round, carousel
* — astride
* — stinging, burning sensation
* — drink clumsily
* — walk with the legs open
* — cheer, martial song
* — downpour
* — clash, clatter
* — walk without stopping
* — sudden blow, shot
* — spigot, tap
* — insociable
* — teeter-tooter
* — rain profusely
* — old crock
* — walk on one's backside
* — cling-clang, metal things dragged
* — snap, break of a heavy object (metal, cristal)
* — heavy rain
* — pecking
* — truly
* — impression
* — fit in easily
* — ravenously
* — in both directions
* — completely
* — in great detail
* — fresh
* — double smack
* — dirty
* — fun-loving, busybody and clumpsy person
* — spark
* — navel; umbilical cord
* — weak
* — handbell
* — not to know that to do
* — scream
* — shake a liquid in a container
* — holes and scratches
* — mess
* — wilted, shriveled, parched
* — sting, peck; pinch
* — hoop
* — bed bug
* — wrinkle
* — oath, wow, promise
* — tumbling, toppling
* — tiny, teeny-weeny
* — parade with small drums
* — whistle, made of straw or branch bark
* — alboka, single-reed woodwind instrument
* — drink in gulps
* — skinny
* — get drunk
* — stumbling, teetering
* — water tank
* — shuffle
* — with insistence
* — crossbeam holding the bellow's at the blacksmith's
* — in earnest, putting a lot of effort
* — seriously
* — in a finicky, squeamish way
* — whining
* — complaint, groan
* — fall down suddenly
* — constantly punching
* — hang by the hands and moving legs and back
* — blow one's nose; make a child blow his nose
* — cowbell
* — honest, loyal
* — gawky
* — old small coin
* — burst with spite
* — a tap, touch in the skull
* — trudge, plod; blotch; wallop
* — throw punches left, right and centre
* — wolfing down; pell-mell, helter-skelter
* — exclamation of winning; dig, cutting remark
* — slap
* — belly
* — lively
* — splash
* — rocket
* — somersault
* — shudder
* — pushing one's way through
* — be busy with petty things
* — whey water
* — soft and continuous movement
* — drizzle
* — whirlwind, twister
* — guano, diarrhoea
* — slide down a slope (as a game)
* — Basque Mardi Gras character in Lantz
* — glide; wriggle along
* — get annoyed
* — propel
* — walk from one place to another
* — clam
* — shoe's noise when walking clumsily
* — profusion
* — sneeze
* — act without thinking
* — scribble
* — Basque mythological character from Oiartzun
* — dawn; ray, beam
* — drag a heavy object; expression used in card game mus when you get as many points as ''hamarrekos''
* — work carelessly
* — slide; gushing out water
* — sound of saw
* — sound of red-hot-metal in contact with water
* — heavy breathing; snore
* — match a ball with a leather glove
* — decisively; resolutely
* — snap
* — beat a ball
* — word used in Mus card game
* — spinning very fast
* — tangle, mess
* — escape, disappear suddenly
* — speed, energy
* — roasted
* — bare-legged
* — food; meat
* — quick smacks
* — lisp
* — hors d'oeuvres
* — trinket, detail
* — blabbing
* — rifle
* — sound made by an incision, a puncture
* — sting several times
* — speed, quickness
* — nook, fold
* — idiot
* — to do something any old how
* — gush out
* — sharp; strict, severe
* — hiccup
* — expression used when refusing flatly
* — quick and gliding movement
* — suck, drink a liquid
* — explosion, boom
* — shut, locked
* — insert something somewhere suddenly
* — suck in, munch, crunch
* — disagreement, quarrel
* — bread and cod soup
* — rumour; whisper
* — whirlpool
* — confused, in disorder
* — snore
* — set somebody's teeth on edge
* — big shower
* — cod soup served in cider houses for sailors
* — absorbing, sipping
* — in between sips
* — in gulps
* — to be alert
* — up!, straight
* — torch
* {{lang, eu, zuzumuzu — whispering

See also

* Ideophone
* Onomatopoeia
* Japanese sound symbolism
* Cross-linguistic onomatopoeias
* Trikiti
* Txalaparta
* Euskara
* Basque alphabet

References

* Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I. 2006. Hizkuntzaren Bihotzean - Euskal Onomatopeien Hiztegia. Donostia: Gaiak.
* Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I. 2012. Análisis lingüístico de las onomatopeyas vasca

Oihenart. Cuadernos de Lengua y Literatura 27: 129–176.
* Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I. 2017. Basque ideophones from a typological perspectiv

The Canadian Journal of Linguistics / Revue canadienne de linguistique 62.2: 1-21.

External links

* Sareko Euskal Gramtika
Sinbolismo fonetiko bidez sortutako hitzak



Phonaesthetics
Semiotics
Basque language
Onomatopoeia