This is a list of active

separatist Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greate ...

movements in

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...

. Separatism can include

autonomism Autonomism, also known as autonomist Marxism is an anti-capitalist left-wing political and social movement and theory. As a theoretical system, it first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerism (). Later, post-Marxist and anarchist tende ...

and

secession Secession is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance. Some of the most famous and significant secessions have been: the former Soviet republics l ...

ism, despite the fact that independence is the primary goal of many separatist movements. Many separatist movements arise as a result of religious, racial, social, and cultural disparities between certain peoples and the majority or ruling class in a country. What constitutes an autonomist or secessionist movement is often debatable; entries on this list must be recognized by credible sources as involved, separatist, and composed of citizens of the country from which independence is sought. Under each region listed is one or more of the following: * ''De facto''/proposed state and/or autonomous territory: a proposed term for a secessionist or anticipated

sovereign state A sovereign state or sovereign country, is a political entity represented by one central government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined ter ...

, or an area seeking greater autonomy. * Organizations that help:

advocacy Advocacy is an activity by an individual or group that aims to influence decisions within political, economic, and social institutions. Advocacy includes activities and publications to influence public policy, laws and budgets by using fac ...

cultural Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.T ...

ethnic An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established fo ...

, ethno-religious,

political Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studi ...

regional In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...

, and/or

religious Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatur ...

group(s) that play a significant role in the movement's separatism. * Government-in-exile: a government that is located outside of the country under consideration, with or without power. * Recognized individuals who hold key roles within the separatist movement or organization(s) Militant organization(s) are also classified for movements that establish a ''de facto'' state or occupy areas of territory are listed as well.

Afghanistan

Hazarajat Hazaristan ( fa, هزارستان, Hazāristān), or Hazarajat ( fa, هزاره‌جات, Hazārajāt) is a mostly mountainous region in the central highlands of Afghanistan, among the Koh-i-Baba mountains in the western extremities of the ...

* Ethnic group:

Hazara people The Hazaras ( fa, , Həzārə; haz, , Āzərə) are an ethnic group and the principal component of the population of Afghanistan, native to, and primarily residing in the Hazaristan (Hazarajat) region in central Afghanistan and generally scat ...

** Proposed state:

** Political party: Flag of Hazarajat

Hazarajat Freedom Movement

Balochistan Balochistan ( ; bal, بلۏچستان; also romanised as Baluchistan and Baluchestan) is a historical region in Western and South Asia, located in the Iranian plateau's far southeast and bordering the Indian Plate and the Arabian Sea coastline. ...

* Ethnic group: Baloch ** Proposed state:

along with Sistan and Baluchestan of

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

and Balochistan of Pakistan. ** Political party:

Baloch National Movement The Baloch National Movement is a Baloch nationalist political organization which was led by Ghulam Mohammed Baloch, who served as the organizations's president before his murder in April 2009. History In 1987, the educated Baloch youth create ...

Baloch Republican Party The Baloch Republican Party (Urdu: بلوچ ریپبلکن پارٹی) is an organization in Balochistan Balochistan ( ; bal, بلۏچستان; also romanised as Baluchistan and Baluchestan) is a historical region in Western and South Asia, ...

Free Balochistan Movement __NOTOC__ Baloch nationalism ( Baloch: راج دۏستی بلۏچی) asserts that the Baloch people, an ethnic group native to Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan are a distinct nation, and that their ethnicity overrides religious loyalty. The origins o ...

(member of the

Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, or simply UNPO is an international organization established to facilitate the voices of unrepresented and marginalised nations and peoples worldwide. It was formed on 11 February 1991 in The Ha ...

) ** Militant organisations:

Baloch Liberation Army The Balochistan Liberation Army ( bal, بلۏچستان آجوییء لشکر; abbreviated BLA), also known as the Baloch Liberation Army, is a Baloch ethnonationalist militant organization based in Afghanistan. The BLA's first recorded activi ...

Baloch Liberation Front The Balochistan Liberation Front ( ur, بلوچستان لبریشن فرنٹ; BLF) is a militant group operating in the Balochistan region of southwestern Asia. The group was founded by Jumma Khan in 1964 in Damascus, and played an important rol ...

Baloch Republican Army The Baloch Republican Army (BRA) ( ur, بلوچ ریپبلکن آرمی) was an armed militant group in Balochistan, Pakistan. It was believed to be militant wing of Baloch Republican Party. In September 2010, the Government of Pakistan banned t ...

United Baloch Army United Baloch Army (UBA; ) was a militant group, fighting for the separation of Balochistan. The group has been designated as a terrorist organisation by the Pakistani government. The government of Pakistan banned the group on 15 March 2013. The g ...

South Turkestan * Ethnic group: Uyghurs,

Tajiks Tajiks ( fa, تاجيک، تاجک, ''Tājīk, Tājek''; tg, Тоҷик) are a Persian-speaking Iranian ethnic group native to Central Asia, living primarily in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Tajiks are the largest ethnicity in Taj ...

Uzbeks The Uzbeks ( uz, , , , ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to the wider Central Asian region, being among the largest Turkic ethnic group in the area. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, next to Kazakh and Karakalpak mino ...

and

Turkic people The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West Asia, West, Central Asia, Central, East Asia, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose memb ...

. ** Proposed state: Southern Turkestan ** Militant organisations: Turkestan Freedom Tigers

Azerbaijan

Territory of the former

Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO), DQMV, hy, Լեռնային Ղարաբաղի Ինքնավար Մարզ, ԼՂԻՄ was an autonomous oblast within the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic that was created on July 7, 1923. Its cap ...

* People:

Armenians in Azerbaijan Armenians in Azerbaijan are the Armenians who lived in great numbers in the modern state of Azerbaijan and its precursor, Soviet Azerbaijan. According to the statistics, about 500,000 Armenians lived in Soviet Azerbaijan prior to the outbreak o ...

** ''De facto'' state: ( recognised by 3 non-UN members) *** Proposed: recognition of Artsakh status based on

self-determination The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a '' jus cogens'' rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms. It sta ...

principle *** Political organisation:

National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the r ...

*** Military organisation:

Artsakh Defense Army The Artsakh Defence Army ( hy, Արցախի Հանրապետության պաշտպանության բանակ, Artsakhi Hanrapetut’yan pashtpanut’yan banak) is the defence force of the breakaway Republic of Artsakh ( Nagorno-Karabakh). E ...

Territory of the short-lived Flag of Talysh

Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic Talysh-Mughan, officially known as the Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic ( Talysh: Толъш-Мъғонә Мохтарә Республикә, ''Tolış-Mığonə Muxtara Respublika''), was a short-lived autonomous republic in Azerbaijan that l ...

* People:

Talysh people The Talysh people ( tly, Tolışon, script=Latn تالشان; az, Talışlar; fa, تالشان) are an Iranian ethnic group indigenous to a region shared between Azerbaijan and Iran which spans the South Caucasus and the southwestern shore ...

** Proposed: Talysh province with regional administration within the borders of Azerbaijan *** Political organisation: Talysh National Movement *** Government in exile: Flag of Talysh

Lezgistan * Ethnic group:

Lezgins Lezgins or Leks ( lez, Лезгияр, Лекьер. lezgijar) are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group native predominantly to southern Dagestan, a republic of Russia, and northeastern Azerbaijan. The Lezgin are predominantly Sunni Muslims and s ...

** Proposed: Autonomy or outright independence for Lezgistan ** Political organisation: Lezgin flag sadval

Sadval movement, Federal Lezgian National and Cultural Autonomy

Bangladesh

Flag of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Shanti Bahini

Chittagong Hill Tracts The Chittagong Hill Tracts ( bn, পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম, Parbotto Chottogram), often shortened to simply the Hill Tracts and abbreviated to CHT, are group of districts within the Chittagong Division in southeast ...

* Ethnic group: Jumma people ** Proposed: Autonomy for the

** Political parties:

Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti The Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti ( bn, পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম জনসংহতি সমিতি; ''United People's Party of the Chittagong Hill Tracts''; abbreviated PCJSS) is a political party form ...

, United People's Democratic Front

China

Many current separatist movements in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...

arise from the country's ethnic issues. Some of the forces that have created these ethnic issues include

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...

nationalism Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a in-group and out-group, group of peo ...

, economic and political disparity,

religion Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatur ...

, and other factors. China has historically had tensions between the majority Han and other ethnic groups, particularly in rural and border regions. Historically other ruling ethnicities, such as the

Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) an ...

of the early-

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

, experienced ethnic issues as well. Ethnic tensions have led to incidents in the country such as the

July 2009 Ürümqi riots The July 2009 Ürümqi riots were a series of violent riots over several days that broke out on 5 July 2009 in Ürümqi, the capital city of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), in northwestern China. The first day's rioting, which ...

. Minor Movements * Flag of the Basuria independence movement

Bashu nationalism or Basuria independence movement * Great Cantonia Flag

Cantonese nationalism Cantonese nationalism () refers to the autonomy/independence of Guangdong or Cantonese-majority areas (Guangdong with Guangxi and, sometimes, Hong Kong and Macau) from China. These movements wanted to establish an independent or autonomous politi ...

or Cantonia independence movement * Proposed National Flag of Shanghai

Shanghainese nationalism, Shanghai independence movement or Nguyuit Republic independence movement * Flag of Manchuria

Manchuriain Nationalism * 中華伊斯蘭共和國國旗

Hui pan-nationalism or

Ningxia Ningxia (,; , ; alternately romanized as Ninghsia), officially the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), is an autonomous region in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. Formerly a province, Ningxia was incorporated into Gansu in 1 ...

Proposed Greater Autonomy

Cyprus

The northeastern 1/3 territory of island of Cyprus * People:

Turkish Cypriots Turkish Cypriots or Cypriot Turks ( tr, Kıbrıs Türkleri or ''Kıbrıslı Türkler''; el, Τουρκοκύπριοι, Tourkokýprioi) are ethnic Turks originating from Cyprus. Following the Ottoman conquest of the island in 1571, about 30,0 ...

** ''De facto'' state: (recognized only by

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula ...

) *** Proposed: re-unification with , or recognition of Northern Cyprus *** Political organization: Government of Northern Cyprus *** Militant organization: Security Forces Command

Georgia

Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia Abkhazia, ka, აფხაზეთი, tr, , xmf, აბჟუა, abzhua, or ( or ), officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised State (polity), state in the South Caucasus, International recognition of Abkhazia and ...

* People:

Abkhazians Abkhazians (russian: Абхазы), or Abkhazs ( ab, Аԥсуаа, Aṕswaа, ), are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group, mainly living in Abkhazia, a disputed region on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea. A large Abkhaz diaspora populati ...

** ''De facto'' state: ( recognized by 6 UN members) *** Political organization: Government of Abkhazia *** Militant organization:

Abkhazian Armed Forces The Abkhazian Armed Forces (; ) are the military forces of Abkhazia. The forces were officially created on 12 October 1992, after the outbreak of the 1992–1993 war with Georgia. The basis of the armed forces was formed by the ethnic Abkhaz Na ...

Territory of the former

South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast The South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast (russian: Юго-Осетинская автономная область, ka, სამხრეთ ოსეთის ავტონომიური ოლქი, os, Хуссар Ирыстоны ав� ...

* People:

Ossetians The Ossetians or Ossetes (, ; os, ир, ирæттæ / дигорӕ, дигорӕнттӕ, translit= ir, irættæ / digoræ, digorænttæ, label=Ossetic) are an Iranian ethnic group who are indigenous to Ossetia, a region situated across the no ...

** ''De facto'' state: ( recognized by 5 UN members) *** Political organization:

Government of South Ossetia The Government of the Republic of South Ossetia is the political leadership of the only partially recognized, but de facto independent, Republic of South Ossetia. Executive branch South Ossetia's head of state is the president, the current pre ...

*** Militant organization: Armed Forces of South Ossetia

Javakheti Javakheti ( ka, ჯავახეთი ) or Javakhk ( hy, Ջավախք, ''Javakhk'') is a historical province in southern Georgia, corresponding to the modern municipalities of Akhalkalaki, Aspindza (partly), Ninotsminda, and partly to the Turk ...

* Ethnic group:

Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti are ethnic Armenians of Georgian nationality living in the Samtskhe–Javakheti region of the Republic of Georgia. The southern part of the region ( Javakheti) borders Armenia to the south. Here, ethnic Armenian ...

** Proposed: Autonomy for the region Javakhk (Javakheti) ** Political party: United Javakhk Democratic Alliance

India

Assam Assam (; ) is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur ...

* Proposed state:

** Ethnic group: Assamese ** Militant organizations: Flag of United Liberation Front of Asom

United Liberation Front of Asom The United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) (Assamese: সংযুক্ত মুক্তি বাহিনী, অসম) is an armed separatist organisation operating in the Northeast Indian state of Assam. It seeks to establish an indep ...

Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam (MULTA) is an Islamist extremist organization founded around 1996 in the eastern Indian state of Assam by mostly -origin Muslims and indigenous Muslims in Assam. The South Asia Terrorism Portal (satp.org) ...

Nagaland Nagaland () is a landlocked state in the northeastern region of India. It is bordered by the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh to the north, Assam to the west, Manipur to the south and the Sagaing Region of Myanmar to the east. Its capital cit ...

* Proposed state: Unofficial flag of Nagaland

Nagalim ** Ethnic group:

Naga people Nagas are various ethnic groups native to northeastern India and northwestern Myanmar. The groups have similar cultures and traditions, and form the majority of population in the Indian states of Nagaland and Manipur and Naga Self-Administer ...

** Militant organization: Unofficial flag of Nagaland

National Socialist Council of Nagaland The National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) is a Naga nationalist separatist group operating mainly in Northeast India, with minor activities in northwest Myanmar (Burma). The main aim of the organisation is to establish a sovereign Naga ...

Kashmir Kashmir () is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. Today, the term encompas ...

* Proposed: secession of

Jammu and Kashmir Jammu and Kashmir may refer to: * Kashmir, the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent * Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), a region administered by India as a union territory * Jammu and Kashmir (state), a region administered ...

from

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...

or unification with

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

** Ethnic group:

Kashmiri Muslims Kashmiri Muslims are ethnic Kashmiris who practice Islam and are native to the Kashmir Valley in Indian-administered Kashmir. Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has b ...

** Political organization:

All Parties Hurriyat Conference All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) is an alliance of 26 political, social and religious organizations formed on 9 March 1993, as a united political front to raise the cause of Kashmiri separatism in the Kashmir conflict. Mehmood Ahmed Sagh ...

** Militant organizations: Flag of Lashkar-e-Taiba

Lashkar-e-Taiba Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT; ur, ; literally ''Army of the Good'', translated as ''Army of the Righteous'', or ''Army of the Pure'' and alternatively spelled as ''Lashkar-e-Tayyiba'', ''Lashkar-e-Toiba'', ''Lashkar-i-Taiba'', ''Lashkar-i-Tayyeba'') ...

Hizbul Mujahideen Hizbul Mujahideen, also spelled Hizb-ul-Mujahideen ( ar, حزب المجاھدین, ), is an Islamism, Islamist militant organization operating in the Kashmir region. Its goal is to separate Kashmir Valley, Kashmir from India and merge it with ...

, Jaish-e-Mohammed Kamtapur * Proposed state: Kamtapur ** Ethnic group:

Rajbanshi people The Rajbanshi, also Rajbongshi and Koch-Rajbongshi, are peoples from Lower Assam, North Bengal, eastern Bihar, Terai region of eastern Nepal, and Bhutan who have in the past sought an association with the Koch dynasty. Today, they speak va ...

** Militant organization: Flag of the Kamtapur Liberation Organisation

Kamtapur Liberation Organisation

Manipur Manipur () ( mni, Kangleipak) is a state in Northeast India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. It is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west. It also borders two regions of ...

* Proposed state: Flag of Kangleipak

Kangleipak Manipur () ( mni, Kangleipak) is a state in Northeast India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. It is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west. It also borders two regions of Myanm ...

** Ethnic groups: Meitei,

Pangal The Meitei Pangals ( mni, Meitei Pangan), also known as the Pangals ( mni, Pangan) or the Meitei Muslims ( mni, Meitei Pangal) or the Manipuri Muslims ( mni, Manipuri Pangal), are a group of Muslims who speak Meitei language as their nativ ...

Naga Naga or NAGA may refer to: Mythology * Nāga, a serpentine deity or race in Hindu, Buddhist and Jain traditions * Naga Kingdom, in the epic ''Mahabharata'' * Phaya Naga, mythical creatures believed to live in the Laotian stretch of the Mekong Ri ...

** Militant organizations: Bandera UNLF

United National Liberation Front The United National Liberation Front (UNLF), also known as the United National Liberation Front of Manipur, is a separatist insurgent group active in the state of Manipur in Northeast India which aims at establishing a sovereign and sociali ...

People's Liberation Army of Manipur The People's Liberation Army of Manipur, often shortened to just People's Liberation Army (PLA-MP or PLAM), founded by N. Bisheshwar Singh on 25 September 1978, is a separatist armed terrorist group fighting for a separate independent socialist ...

Kangleipak Communist Party Kangleipak Communist Party is a Maoist militant group in Manipur, India. Named after Kangleipak, the ancient name of Manipur, it was initially led by the communist ideologues — Ibohanbi and Ibopishak. The Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP) had b ...

, People's Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak,

Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup (or Kanglei Yaol Kanba Lup) is a Meitei separatist group in the state of Manipur in India formed in January 1994 by the unification of splinter groups like Ibopishak faction of the Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP) along ...

Maoist Communist Party of Manipur The Maoist Communist Party of Manipur is a Maoist political party in Manipur which aims "to establish a communist society through armed revolutionary war." The Maoist Communist Party of Manipur also intends at liberating the people of Manipur ...

Punjab Punjab (; Punjabi Language, Punjabi: پنجاب ; ਪੰਜਾਬ ; ; also Romanization, romanised as ''Panjāb'' or ''Panj-Āb'') is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the I ...

* Proposed state:

Khalistan The Khalistan movement is a Sikh separatist movement seeking to create a homeland for Sikhs by establishing a sovereign state, called Khālistān (' Land of the Khalsa'), in the Punjab region. The proposed state would consist of land that cur ...

** Ethnic group:

Punjabi Punjabi, or Panjabi, most often refers to: * Something of, from, or related to Punjab, a region in India and Pakistan * Punjabi language * Punjabi people * Punjabi dialects and languages Punjabi may also refer to: * Punjabi (horse), a British Th ...

Sikhs Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism (Sikhi), a monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak. The ter ...

** Militant organizations:

Babbar Khalsa Babbar Khalsa International (BKI, pa, ਬੱਬਰ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ, ), better known as Babbar Khalsa, is an organisation whose main objective is to create an independent Sikh country, Khalistan. It operates in Canada, Germany and the United ...

Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan The Bhindranwale Tiger Force of Khalistan (BTFK) is a Sikh extremist militant group, and one of several major separatist organizations involved in the Khalistan movement during the Punjab insurgency. The BTFK's main aim was to establish a Sikh h ...

, Khalistan Commando Force, KLF Logo

Khalistan Liberation Force, Khalistan Zindabad Force,

ISYF The International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) is a proscribed organisation that aims to establish an independent homeland for the Sikhs of India in Khalistan. It is banned as a terrorist organisation under Australian, European Union, Japanese, ...

AISSF The All India Sikh Students Federation (AISSF), is a Sikh student organisation and political organisation in India. AISSF was formed in 1943. as the youth wing of the Akali Dal, which is a Sikh political party in the Indian Punjab. Origin Befo ...

, International Sikh Youth Federation

Meghalaya Meghalaya (, or , meaning "abode of clouds"; from Sanskrit , "cloud" + , "abode") is a state in northeastern India. Meghalaya was formed on 21 January 1972 by carving out two districts from the state of Assam: (a) the United Khasi Hills and J ...

* Proposed state:

** Ethnic group:

Khasi people The Khasi people are an ethnic group of Meghalaya in north-eastern India with a significant population in the bordering state of Assam, and in certain parts of Bangladesh. Khasi people form the majority of the population of the eastern part of M ...

Pnar people The Pnar, also known as Jaiñtia, are a sub-tribal group of the Khasi people in Meghalaya, India. The Pnar people are matrilineal. They speak the Pnar Language, which belongs to the Austro-Asiatic language family and is very similar to the Khas ...

** Militant organization:

Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council The Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (Abbreviation, abbreviated HNLC) is a militant organization operating in Meghalaya, India. It claims to represent the Khasi people, Khasi-Synteng, Jaintia tribal people, and its aim is to free Meghalaya ...

Seng Khasi Movement The Seng Khasi movement, also known as the Khasi Students' Union, is a social and political movement that originated in the Khasi Hills region of the Indian state of Meghalaya. The movement was founded in the 1899 by a group of Khasi who were conc ...

Tripura Tripura (, Bengali: ) is a state in Northeast India. The third-smallest state in the country, it covers ; and the seventh-least populous state with a population of 36.71 lakh ( 3.67 million). It is bordered by Assam and Mizoram to the ea ...

*Proposed state: Flag of Tripura

Flag of the National Liberation Front of Tripura

**Ethnic group:

Tripuris The Tripuri (also known as Tripura, Tipra, Tiprasa, Twipra) are an ethnic group originating in the Indian state of Tripura. They are the inhabitants of the Twipra/Tripura Kingdom in North-East India and Bangladesh. The Tripuri people through th ...

**Militant Organisation:

National Liberation Front of Tripura The National Liberation Front of Tripura (abbreviated NLFT) is a Tripuri nationalist militant organisation based in Tripura, India. It has an estimated 550 to 850 members. The NLFT seeks to secede from India and establish an independent Trip ...

(NLFT) **Advocacy group:

Tipraland State Party Tipraland State Party (TSP) was a regional political party in Tripura, India. TSP beliefs relate to Tripuri nationalism, social reformation, and revolution for the Tripuri nation. The main demand of the party is to elevate Tripura Tribal Areas ...

Mizoram Mizoram () is a state in Northeast India, with Aizawl as its seat of government and capital city. The name of the state is derived from "Mizo", the self-described name of the native inhabitants, and "Ram", which in the Mizo language means "lan ...

*Proposed state: Bandera de Mizoram

*Ethnic group:

Mizo Mizo may refer to: *Mizo people, an ethnic group native to north-eastern India, western Myanmar (Burma) and eastern Bangladesh * Mizo language, a language spoken by the Mizo people *Mizoram, a state in Northeast India *Lusei people, an ethnic group ...

**Political Party:

Mizo National Front The Mizo National Front ( MNF) is a regional political party in Mizoram, India. MNF emerged from the Mizo National Famine Front, which was formed by Pu Laldenga to protest against the inaction of the Indian central government towards the fami ...

(MNF) Zoram People's Movement ,

Hmar People's Convention The Hmar People's Convention (HPC) was established as a political party in 1986. The group advocates for the rights of members of the Hmar people (estimated 1,12,535 members per a 1991 census), one of the smaller tribes of northeastern India. ...

Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is a state in southern India. It is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, whose Tamil language ...

*Ethnic group:

Tamils The Tamil people, also known as Tamilar ( ta, தமிழர், Tamiḻar, translit-std=ISO, in the singular or ta, தமிழர்கள், Tamiḻarkaḷ, translit-std=ISO, label=none, in the plural), or simply Tamils (), are a Drav ...

, Dravidians,

Tegulus Saint Tegulus ( it, San Tegulo, Tegolo) is venerated as a member of the legendary Theban Legion, whose members were led by Saint Maurice in the 3rd century. The center of Tegulus' cult is at Ivrea. Veneration for Saint Tegulus actually arose at ...

**Proposed State:

**Advocacy Group:

Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (; DMK) is a political party based in the state of Tamil Nadu where it is currently the ruling party having a comfortable majority without coalition support and the union territory of Puducherry where it is curre ...

(DMK) Kukiland * Proposed state: Zale'n-gam ** Ethnic group: Flag of Bnei Menashe

Bnei Menashe The Bnei Menashe ( he, בני מנשה, "Children of Menasseh", known as the Shinlung in India) is a community of people from various Tibeto-Burmese ethnic groups from the border of India and Burma who claim descent from one of the Lost Tribes o ...

** Militant organisation:

Kuki National Army The Kuki National Army (KNA) is a Kuki insurgent group active in Northeast India and northwest Myanmar. It is the armed wing of the Kuki National Organisation. History The Kuki National Army (KNA) was founded on 24 February 1988 with the go ...

** Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation Santhal Pargana * Proposed state: Santals (India) Flag

Santhal state ** Ethnic Group:

Santhals The Santal or Santhal are an Austroasiatic speaking Munda ethnic group in South Asia. Santals are the largest tribe in the Jharkhand and West Bengal state of India in terms of population and are also found in the states of Odisha, Bihar and A ...

** Militant organisation:

Birsa Commando Force The Birsa Commando Force is a rebel group in the Indian state of Jharkhand, named after the 19th century tribal leader Birsa Munda, and was composed largely of tribal people from the Munda and Oraon communities. The group was active in the Chot ...

- BCF Rabha hasong * State or extended autonomous area: Flag of Rabhaland

Rabha Hasong ** Ethnic group: Rabha people ** Militant organizations: Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch, Rabha Vipers Army (RVA), Rabha National Liberation Army, Rabha Jatiya Mukti Bahini (RJMB)

Gorkhaland The Gorkhaland Territorial Administration is a semi-autonomous council for the Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts of West Bengal state in India. The GTA was formed in 2012 to replace the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council, which was formed in 198 ...

* Ethnic group:

Indian Gorkha Indian Gorkhas also known as Nepali Indians, are Nepali language-speaking Indians. The modern term "Indian Gorkha" is used to differentiate the ethnic Gorkhas from Nepalis. Indian Gorkhas are citizens of India as per the gazette notificat ...

** Proposal: creation of a separate state

within

or outright independence from India often including Nepali Unification. ** Political movement: GreenWhiteYellowFlag

Gorkhaland movement The Gorkhaland movement is a campaign to create a separate state of India in the Gorkhaland region of West Bengal for the Nepali speaking Indians. The proposed state includes the hill regions of the Darjeeling district, Kalimpong district and ...

** Political parties: Flag of Gurkhaland

Gorkha National Liberation Front Gorkha National Liberation Front (GNLF) is a political party in the Darjeeling District of West Bengal, India. It was formed in 1980 by Subhash Ghisingh with the objective of demanding a Gorkhaland state within India. Early history Part of the ...

Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League ( ABGL) (also called All India Gorkha League (AIGL/IGL)) is a political party working amongst the Nepali-speaking Gorkha population in Darjeeling District and Kalimpong District of West Bengal, India. The party was ...

Gorkha Janmukti Morcha The Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) is a registered unrecognized political party, that campaigns for the creation of a separate state Gorkhaland within India, out of districts in the north of West Bengal. The party was launched on 7 October 2007. T ...

Dimasaland * Ethnic group: Flag of Kruishoutem

Dimasa People ** Proposed: Dimasaland ** Millitant Organisation:Dimasa National Liberation Army (DNLA) Tiwa * Ethnic group: Flag red white yellow 5x3

Tiwa People Tiwa and Tigua may refer to: * Tiwa Puebloans, an ethnic group of New Mexico, US * Tiwa (Lalung), an ethnic group of north-eastern India * Tiwa language (India), a Sino-Tibetan language of India * Tiwa languages, a group of Tanoan languages of the ...

** Proposed: Tiwa State ** Militant Organizations:Tiwa Liberation Army (TLA)

Kerala Kerala ( ; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South Ca ...

* Proposed: separating the

Malabar district Malabar District, also known as Malayalam District, was an administrative district on the southwestern Malabar Coast of Bombay Presidency (1792-1800) and Madras Presidency (1800-1947) in British India, and independent India's Madras State (19 ...

of Kerala into a state of

** Ethnic group:

Mappila Muslims Mappila Muslim, often shortened to Mappila, formerly anglicized as Moplah/Mopla and historically known as Jonaka/Chonaka Mappila or Moors Mopulars/Mouros da Terra and Mouros Malabares, in general, is a member of the Muslim community of same n ...

** Political organisations:

Samastha Kerala Sunni Students Federation,

Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (EK group) Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama,–present, is the principal Sunni-Shafi'i scholarly body in Kerala. The council administers Shafi'ite mosques, institutes of higher religious learning (the equivalent of north Indian madrasas Madrasa (, also ...

Garo Hills The Garo Hills (Pron: ˈgɑ:rəʊ) are part of the Garo-Khasi range in Meghalaya, India. They are inhabited by the Garo people. It is one of the wettest places in the world. The range is part of the Meghalaya subtropical forests ecoregion. De ...

* Ethnic group:

Garo people The Garo is a Tibeto-Burman ethnic tribal group from the Indian subcontinent, living mostly in the Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam, Tripura, and Nagaland, and in neighbouring areas of Bangladesh, including Madhupur, Mymensingh, Haluagh ...

** Proposed: making the Garo Hills Autonomous District Council into a state of

or outright independence ** Political party:

Garo National Council The Garo National Council is a political party in Meghalaya in northeastern India which campaigns for the creation a new Indian state to be called Garoland, for the people of the Garo Hills. Founded in February 1946 as the Garo National Confe ...

Bundelkhand Bundelkhand (, ) is a geographical and cultural region and a proposed state and also a mountain range in central & North India. The hilly region is now divided between the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, with the larger portion l ...

* Ethnic group:

Bundelkhandi Bundeli ( Devanagari: बुन्देली or बुंदेली; or Bundelkhandi) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Bundelkhand region of central India. It belongs to the Central Indo-Ayran languages and is part of the Western H ...

** Proposed: making the region of

into a state of

** Political party: Bundelkhand Mukti Morcha

Indonesia

Aceh Aceh ( ), officially the Aceh Province ( ace, Nanggroë Acèh; id, Provinsi Aceh) is the westernmost province of Indonesia. It is located on the northernmost of Sumatra island, with Banda Aceh being its capital and largest city. Granted a ...

* Ethnic groups: Acehnese ** Proposed state: Flag of Free Aceh Movement

** Militant organisation: Free Aceh Movement (negotiated peace with the Indonesian government in 2005, and now it is a civil movement, but the separatism still has supporters)

Riau Riau is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the central eastern coast of Sumatra along the Strait of Malacca. The province shares land borders with North Sumatra to the northwest, West Sumatra to the west, and Jambi to the south. Accordi ...

* Ethnic group: Riau Malays ** Proposed state: Flag of Riau Independists

, Unification With ** Advocacy group: Gerakan Riau Merdeka

Minahasa Peninsula The Minahasa Peninsula, also spelled Minahassa, is one of the four principal peninsulas on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. It stretches north from the central part of the island, before turning to the east and forming the northern boundary of th ...

* Ethnic group:

Minahasan The Minahasans (alternative spelling: Minahassa) are an ethnic group native to the North Sulawesi province of Indonesia, formerly known as North Celebes. The Minahasa people sometimes refer to themselves as Manado people. Although the Minahasan p ...

** Proposed state: Flag of the Minahasan People

North Sulawesi North Sulawesi ( id, Sulawesi Utara) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the Minahasa Peninsula of Sulawesi, south of the Philippines and southeast of Sabah, Malaysia. It borders the Philippine province of Davao Occidental and Socc ...

** Advocacy group: Independent Minahasa Movement (Gerakan Minahasa Merdeka),Greater Minahasa Alliance

Bali Bali () is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and ...

* Ethnic group: Balinese ** Proposed autonomous area or state: Historical Flag of Bali

** Advocacy group: Bali government, ForBALI

Yogyakarta Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, ...

* Ethnic group: Javanese ** Proposed state: Flag of Yogyakarta

, Sultanate Of Yogyakarta

Kalimantan Kalimantan () is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo. It constitutes 73% of the island's area. The non-Indonesian parts of Borneo are Brunei and East Malaysia. In Indonesia, "Kalimantan" refers to the whole island of Borneo. In 2019, ...

* Ethnic group: Dayak, Malay, Banjar,

Ida'an The Ida'an (Idahan or Eraan or Sabahan) people are an ethnic group of Borneo, residing primarily in the Lahad Datu districts on the east coast of Sabah, Malaysia. Their current population is estimated to be around 6,000 (1987 estimate), but it ...

, Bajau, Suluk,

Orang Ulu Orang Ulu ("people of the interior" in Malay) is an ethnic designation politically coined to group together roughly 27 very small but ethnically diverse tribal groups in northeastern Sarawak, Malaysia with populations ranging from less than 300 p ...

and

Kadazan-Dusun Kadazan-Dusun (also written as Kadazandusun or Mamasok Kadazan-Dusun) also less-known as "Mamasok Sabah" are two indigenous peoples of Sabah, Malaysia—the ethnic groups Kadazan and Dusun. The Kadazandusun is the largest native group of Bu ...

. * Proposed state or Autonomous area : Flag of Kalimantan Borneo

Or Unification With * Advocacy Group: Pakat Dayak

Iran

Khūzestān Province Khuzestan Province (also spelled Xuzestan; fa, استان خوزستان ''Ostān-e Xūzestān'') is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the southwest of the country, bordering Iraq and the Persian Gulf. Its capital is Ahvaz and it covers ...

* Ethnic group:

Khuzestani Arab Iranian Arabs ( ar, عرب إيران ''ʿArab Īrān''; fa, عرب‌های ايران ''Arabhāye Irān'') are the Arab inhabitants of Iran who speak Arabic as their native language. In 2008, Iranian Arabs comprised about 1.6 million people ...

** Proposed state:

Al-Ahwaz Ahvaz ( fa, اهواز, Ahvâz ) is a city in the southwest of Iran and the capital of Khuzestan province. Ahvaz's population is about 1,300,000 and its built-up area with the nearby town of Sheybani is home to 1,136,989 inhabitants. It is home ...

** Militant organisations: Al-Ahwaz Arab People's Democratic Popular Front,

National Liberation Movement of Ahwaz The National Liberation Movement of Ahwaz ( ar, حركة التحرير الوطني الأحوازي, Harakit al-Taḥrīr al-Watani Al-Ahwazi; abbreviated NLMA) is an Arab nationalist and separatist organisation whose goal is to establish an ind ...

, Ahwaz Arab Renaissance Party, Ahwaz Liberation Organisation, Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahwaz ** Advocacy group: Democratic Solidarity Party of Al-Ahwaz (member of the

)

Iranian Kurdistan Iranian Kurdistan or Eastern Kurdistan ( ku, ڕۆژھەڵاتی کوردستان, translit=Rojhilatê Kurdistanê) is an unofficial name for the parts of northwestern Iran with either a majority or sizable population of Kurds. Geographically, it ...

* Ethnic groups: Kurdish ** Proposed state: Commonwealth of East Kurdistan Flag of Kurdistan

** Political parties: Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (member of the

) ** Militant organisations: Party for a Free Life in Kurdistan,

Komalah Komala may refer to: * Komala (Pokémon), a Gen VII Normal-type ''Pokémon'' species introduced in ''Pokémon Sun and Moon'' * Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan, a Kurdish political party led by Abdullah Mohtadi * Komalah (CPI), a Kurdish political ...

Iranian Azerbaijan Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan ( fa, آذربایجان, ''Āzarbāijān'' ; az-Arab, آذربایجان, ''Āzerbāyjān'' ), also known as Iranian Azerbaijan, is a historical region in northwestern Iran that borders Iraq, Turkey, the Nakhchivan ...

*Ethnic groups:

Azerbaijani Azerbaijani may refer to: * Something of, or related to Azerbaijan * Azerbaijanis * Azerbaijani language See also * Azerbaijan (disambiguation) * Azeri (disambiguation) * Azerbaijani cuisine * Culture of Azerbaijan The culture of Azerbaijan ...

** Proposed state: South Azerbaijan **Advocacy group: South Azerbaijan National Awakening Movement, Azerbaijan National Resistance Organization

* Ethnic group: Baloch ** Proposed state:

along with

Balochistan, Pakistan Balochistan (; bal, بلۏچستان; ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southwestern region of the country, Balochistan is the largest province of Pakistan by land area but is the least populated one. It shares land ...

And Baloch majority territories in

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is borde ...

** Militant organisations: Jundallah (Iran), Jundallah (Historical), Jaish ul-Adl (Currently Active)

Iraq

Proposed state: * Majority ethnic group: Kurdish * Current de jure and de facto autonomous region: Iraqi Kurdistan ** Political parties: Kurdistan Independence Movement, Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iraq, Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (members of the

) ** Military: Peshmerga Proposed autonomous area: Nineveh Plains#Creation of an autonomous province, Nineveh Plains * Ethnic group: Assyrian people, Assyrian, Arab Christians ** Proposed state: ** Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyrian Universal Alliance (member of the

), Assyria Liberation Party ** Militant organisation: Nineveh Plain Protection Units ** Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe * Proposed autonomous area: Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq#Al-Rafidain Autonomous Region, Al-Rafidain Autonomous Region ** Ethnic groups: Assyrian people, Assyrians, Iraqi Turkmen, Turkmen, Yazidis *** Political parties: Turkmen Rescue Foundation, Yazidi Independent Supreme Council and the Al-Rafidain Organization Proposed state: Basra Governorate, Basra *Current de jure and de facto autonomous region: Flag of Basra Governorate

Basra Governorate **Proposal: Basra has proposed uniting with the other provinces of Dhi Qar Governorate, Dhi Qar and Maysan Governorate, Maysan as an autonomous region or total independence Proposed state: Sunnistan * Advocacy group: Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslims, Kurdish population, Ethnic Kurdis * Proposal: high degree of autonomy within Iraq or total independence Turkmeneli * Ethnic group: Iraqi Turkmen ** Proposed state: Turkmeneli ** Political party: Iraqi Turkmen Front (member of the

) Sinjar District * Ethnic group: Yazidi ** Proposed: autonomy for Sinja District, Sinjar region including Sinjar mountain ** Political parties: Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress, Sinjar Alliance

Israel

West Bank and the Gaza Strip * People: Palestinians ** ''De jure'' state: (recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 138 UN member states) *** Proposed: One state solution, re-unification with or Two-state solution, recognition of Palestine *** Political organization: Government of Palestine *** Militant organization: Palestinian National Security Forces, Palestine Liberation Army

Japan

Hokkaido * Ethnic group: Ainu people, Ainu ** Proposed state or autonomous region: Republic of Ainu ** Advocacy group: Flag of Okinawa Prefecture

Okinawa * Ethnic group: Ryukyuan people, Ryukyuan ** Proposed state: Ryukyu independence flag

Ryukyu independence movement, Republic of Ryukyu or Ryukyu Kingdom ** Political parties: Kariyushi Club, formerly ** Political groups: Ryukyu independence movement ** Note: The supporters of the movement want the Amami Islands in Kagoshima Prefecture, former part of the defunct Ryukyu Kingdom until 1609, to be part of independent Ryukyu.

Laos

Northern Laos * Ethnic group: Hmong people ** Proposed state: Federated ChaoFa ** Organization: Hmong flag

Congress of World Hmong People

Lebanon

Aramean Democratic Organization, Aramea * Ethnic group: Arameans ** Proposed state: Aramean flag

Aram (region), Aramea ** Political parties: Aramean Democratic Organization, Aramea Democratic Organisation

Malaysia

Separatist movements in Malaysia have been attributed to the erosion of autonomy especially in places such as Sarawak and Sabah, which are ethnically and religiously distinct from the rest of Malaysia, as well as general neglect by the central government based out of Putrajaya resulting in differentiate political views, The Malaysia Agreement of 1963, under which Sabah and Sarawak agreed to unify with Federation of Malaya, Malaya to become Malaysia, included strong provisions for autonomy of Sabah and Sarawak, which were agreed to in the 18-point agreement, 18-point and 20-point agreement, 20-point agreements. However, such autonomy has eroded in numerous aspects over the decades, such as a significant smaller share of oil revenue than previously agreed and a reduction in the territorial waters that belonged to each state. Such erosion began almost instantaneously after the Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965, expulsion of Singapore in 1965, which left Sarawak and Sabah without enough proportional seats (1/3) and decreased representation in the Dewan Rakyat (Parliament of Malaysia) as Singapore's seats were not redistributed to the two states. As a result, it could not prevent laws passed by the central government from eroding its autonomy, running contrary to previous agreements, leading to the present situation. Other causes of dispute between the central government as well as Sarawak and Sabah include freedom of religion, distribution of profits from natural resources, and deliberate demographic change enacted by the central government parallel to ''de facto'' colonisation (with a similar equivalent historical event being the Plantation of Ulster) Demographics of Sabah#Mass conversion and autonomy in freedom of religion issues, particularly in Sabah to dilute pro-independence sentiments from the native ethnic groups. Johor * Ethnic groups: Johoreans (Mainly Malays, Chinese and Indians) * Proposed state: Johor ** Advocacy group: Johor Independence Association (JIA), Sultan of Johor, Tunku Ismail Idris, Crown Prince of Johor Sarawak for Sarawakians sticker on a car backscreen

Sarawak for Sarawakians sticker on a car backscreen

Sarawak * Ethnic groups: Melanau people, Melanau, Dayak (See Demographics of Sarawak) * Proposed state: Flag of the Raj of Sarawak (1870)

Raj of Sarawak ** Advocacy group: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sarawak For Sarawakian Big Team (S4S Big Team), Sarawak Association of People's Aspirations (SAPA), Sarawak Sovereignty Movement, Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM), Sarawak Liberation Movement ** Political parties: Parti Bumi Kenyalang Sabah * Ethnic groups:

, Sama-Bajau (See Demographics of Sabah) * Proposed state: Sabah ** Advocacy group: Borneo Heritage Foundation (BHF), Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM)

Myanmar

Rakhine State, Arakan * Ethnic group: Rakhine people, Rakhine ** Proposed state: Flag of Rakhine

Rakhine State, Arakan State ** Advocacy group: Arakan Independence Alliance, Arakan Army (Kachin State), Arakan Army (Kayin State) Flag of Chin State

Chin State, Zo Asia * Ethnic group: Chin people, Chin * Proposed state: Chin State Flag of Chin State

** Militant organisation: Chin National Front (member of the

)

Kachin State, Kachin * Ethnic group: Kachin people, Kachin ** Proposed state: Kachin State Flag of Kachin State

** Political party: Kachin National Organization Flag of the Karen National Union

Kawthoolei * Ethnic group: Karen people, Karen ** Proposed state: Kawthoolei Flag of the Karen National Union

** Militant organisation: Karen National Liberation Army ** Advocacy group: Karen National Union Flag of Kayah State

Karenni State, Karenni * Ethnic group: Karenni people, Karenni ** Proposed state: Kayah State Flag of Kayah State

** Militant organisation: Karenni Army ** Advocacy group: Karenni National Progressive Party (member of the

) ** Government-in-exile: Karenni Provisional Government Flag of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army

Kokang * Ethnic group: Kokang people (ethnic Han Chinese) ** Proposed state:Kokang people, Kokang state Flag of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army

** Militant organisation: Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army Flag of Mon State (2018)

Mon State * Ethnic group: Mon (ethnic group), Mon ** Proposed state: Mon State, Monland Flag of Mon State (2018)

** Political party: New Mon State Party Rohingya flag

Northern Rakhine State * Ethnic group: Rohingya people, Rohingya ** Proposed state: Rahmanland Flag of Rahmanland (Rohingya)

** Militant organisation: Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army ** Advocacy group: Arakan Rohingya National Organisation, Rohingya National Council Flag of the Shan State

Shan States * Ethnic group: Shan people, Shan (member of the

) ** Proposed state: Federated Shan States, Shan Republic Flag of the Shan State

** Political party: Shan Democratic Union ** Militant organisation: Shan State Army ** Advocacy group: Restoration Council of Shan State ** Government in exile: Interim Government of Federated Shan States Pa'O people, Pa - Oh * Proposed state: Flag of the Pa-O National Organisation

Pa'O Self-Administered Zone ** Ethnic Group: Pa'O people, Pa - Oh ** Millitant Organisation: Flag of the Pa-O National Organisation

Pa-O National Liberation Army Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone, Palaung * Proposed state: Flag of the Ta'ang National Liberation Army

Pa Laung Self-Administered Zone ** Ethnic Group:Palaung people, Palaung ** Millitant Organisation: Flag of the Ta'ang National Liberation Army

Palaung State Liberation Army Flag of Wa State

Wa State * Ethnic group: Wa people, Wa ** Proposed state: Wa State United Wa State Army flag

** Political party: Flag of the United Wa State Party

United Wa State Party ** Militant organisation: United Wa State Army flag

United Wa State Army Flag of Bnei Menashe

Zale'n-gam * Ethnic group: Kuki people, Kuki ** Proposed state: Flag of Bnei Menashe

Zale'n-gam ** Militant organisation:

** Advocacy group: Kuki National Organisation Zogam * Ethnic group: Zomi ** Proposed state: Zogam ** Militant organisation: Zomi Revolutionary Army

* Proposed state: Unofficial flag of Nagaland

Nagalim ** Ethnic group:

** Militant organization: Unofficial flag of Nagaland

Nepal

Kirat Autonomous State * Ethnic group: Kirati people, Kiratis ** Proposed state: Kirat *** Political party: Kirat Janabadi Workers Party Flag of Tarai-Madhesh Loktantrik Party

Madhesh * Ethnic group: Madhesi peoples (including Maithils, Bhojpuri people, Bhojpuris and Tharu people, Tharus). ** Proposed state: Flag of Tarai-Madhesh Loktantrik Party

Madhesh *** Advocacy group: Alliance for Independent Madhesh *** Militant Group: Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha, Madhesh Mukti Tigers (MMT), Tharuwan National Liberation Front (TNLF).

Pakistan

Balochistan (Pakistan), Balochistan * Ethnic group: Baloch ** Proposed state:

along with Sistan and Baluchestan of

and Balochistan, Afghanistan, some parts of

. ** Political party:

(member of the

) ** Militant organisations:

Gilgit-Baltistan and Flag of Azad Kashmir

Azad Kashmir * Ethnic groups: Balti people, Balti, Shina people, Shina, Wakhi people, Wakhi, Burusho people, Burusho, Kho people, Kho ** Proposed state: Flag of Gilgit-Baltistan (1947)

Gilgit-Baltistan ** Militant organisations: Gilgit-Baltistan United Movement, Balawaristan National Front (Naji), Balawaristan National Front Flag of Sindh

Sindh * Ethnic group: Sindhis, Sindhi ** Proposed state: Sindhudesh Flag of Sindhudesh

** Political parties: Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz, Jeay Sindh Muttahida Mahaz, Sindh United Party ** Student organization: Jeay Sindh Students' Federation ** Militant organization: Sindhudesh Revolutionary Army

* Ethnic group: Punjabi Sikhs ** Proposed state:

** Militant organisation: Khalistan Commando Force Pashtunistan * Ethnic group: Pashtuns ** Proposed: independent state of Pashtunistan or unification with

** Political party: Pashtoons Social Democratic Party Jinnahpur * Ethnic group: Muhajir (Pakistan), Muhajir people ** Proposed autonomous state: Jinnahpur ** Political party: Muttahida Qaumi Movement – London

Philippines

Sulu archipelago and parts of Zamboanga Peninsula * Ethnic groups: Moro people, Moro (Tausūg people, Tausūg, Banguingui people, Banguingui, Sama-Bajau, Yakan people, Yakan) ** Proposed state/autonomous area: Late 19th Century Flag of Sulu

Bansa Sūg, Sultanate of Sulu **Advocacy group: Sultanate of Sulu Cordillera Administrative Region * Ethnic group: Igorot people, Igorot ** Proposed autonomous area: Cordillera Autonomous Region or Autonomous Region of the Cordillera ** Advocacy group: Autonomy in the Administrative Cordillera Movement, Pi cpdf

Cordillera People's Liberation Army, Cordillera Bodong Administration Other Islamic militants operating in Mindanao which had goals to create an Islamic state in the Philippines such as the Abu Sayyaf, and the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters.

Russia

Autonomist movements

Koryak Okrug * Siberia-FederalSubjects

Ethnic group: Koryaks ** Proposed federal subject: Koryak Autonomous Okrug Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District * Ethnic groups: Dolgans, Nganasan people, Nganasan, Nenets people, Nenets, Russians ** Proposed federal subject:

Asian Russia

Siberia or Siberian Federal District * Ethnic group: Russians, (Siberian peoples) ** Map of Russia - Buryatia (Crimea disputed)

Proposed state: Siberian Republic ** Movement: Siberian regionalism * Ethnic group: Buryats ** Proposed state: ** Political party: All-Buryat Association for the Development of Culture Greater Mongolia

Territory of the Far Eastern Republic or Far Eastern Federal District * Ethnic group: Far Easterners ** Proposed federal subject or independent state: Far Eastern Republic ** Organization: Far Eastern Alternative ** Historical Movements: Far Eastern Republican Party, Far Eastern Elites, Vozrozhdenie ("Resurrection"), Primorsky Partisans (allegedly) Taymyria map

Tuva * People: Tuvans ** Proposed state: Tuva *** Political organisation: Hostug Tuva Map of Russia - Tuva

* Ethnic group: Khanty people and Mansi people ** Proposed state: ** Advocacy movements: Association to Save Yugra, Khanty Way, Mansi Way, Ob-Ugrian Union, Society for the Survival and Socio-Economic Development of the Mansi People, Ugrian Association, Youth Public Organization, Yugra Restoration

Saudi Arabia

Najran Province * Ethnic group: Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia, Zaydi Shia Arabs ** Proposed: independence for Najran Province or unification with Yemen ** Militant organization: Ahrar al-Najran

Sri Lanka

* Ethnic group: Sri Lankan Tamil people, Tamil ** Proposed state: ** Militant organisation: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ** Political party: Tamil National Alliance ** Advocacy groups: Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam ** Government in exile: Transnational Government of Tamil Eelam

Syria

De facto autonomous region: Regions of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (Rojava) * Larger ethnic groups: Kurdish people, Kurds, Arabs, Assyrian people, Assyrians * Smaller ethnic groups: Armenians, Syrian Turkmen, Turkmen, Yazidis, Circassians ** Political organisation: Syrian Democratic Council ** Militant organisation: Syrian Democratic Forces Flag of the Assyrians

Assyria * ethnic group: Assyrian people, Assyrians ** proposed state: Flag of the Assyrians

** Political parties: Syriac Union Party, Assyrian Democratic Organization ** Militant organisations: Syriac Military Council, Sutoro ** Advocacy groups: Assyria Council of Europe

Taiwan

The Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, is a state that has diplomatic relations with 14 Member states of the United Nations, United Nations member states (as well as the Holy See, an United Nations General Assembly observers, observer). Locator map of the ROC Taiwan

* Proposed state: Flag of World Taiwanese Congress

Taiwan independence movement, Republic of Taiwan ** Movement: Taiwan independence movement, Taiwanese nationalism *** Note: The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) has been democratically elected to power in Taiwan four times; in 2000 Taiwanese presidential election, 2000 (until 2004), in 2004 Taiwanese presidential election, 2004 (until 2008), in 2016 Taiwanese presidential election, 2016 (until 2020), and in 2020 Taiwanese presidential election, 2020 (until 2024). Although the DPP has been the nominal ruling party of the Republic of China throughout these four ruling terms, the DPP has been pushing a pro-Taiwan independence agenda, whether tacitly or overtly. Some representatives of the DPP, such as William Lai, argue that Taiwan independence should not even be considered an "independence movement" but is rather the recognition of the reality of the current situation of the Republic of China on Taiwan. Many supporters of Taiwan independence believe that Taiwan, under the formal name of the "Republic of China", is already an independent country from mainland China, under the formal name of the "People's Republic of China". ** Political parties: Pan-Green Coalition (Democratic Progressive Party, Taiwan Solidarity Union, Taiwan Independence Party), New Power Party, Taiwan Statebuilding Party ** Advocacy groups: Keep Taiwan Free (Taiwanese organisation), World United Formosans for Independence ** Claimed territories: Taiwan (Kaohsiung, New Taipei, Taichung, Tainan, Taipei, Taiwan-Penghu, Taoyuan) ** Area of claimed territories: Roughly 36,000 km² ** Population of claimed territories: Roughly 24,000,000 people Taiwanese indigenous peoples * ethnic group: indigenous people of Taiwan ** proposed: autonomy for the indigenous people of Taiwan ** political party: Taiwan First Nations Party

Tajikistan

Gorno-Badakhshan * Ethnic group: Pamiri people ** Proposed: Greater autonomy for Gorno-Badakhshan ** Defunct Political party: Lali Badakhshan

Thailand

Patani (region), Patani * Ethnic group: Thai Malays, Pattani Malays ** Proposed state: Flag of Pattani

Pattani Sultanate, Pattani Darul Makrif, unification with ** Militant organisation: Patani United Liberation Organisation, Barisan Revolusi Nasional, Patani Malays National Revolutionary Front, Runda Kumpulan Kecil, Gerakan Mujahidin Islam Patani, Pattani Islamic Mujahideen Movement, Islamic Liberation Front of Patani

Turkey

Northern Kurdistan * Ethnic group: Kurdish ** Proposed state: Flag of Kurdistan

Kurdistan ** Militant organisations: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), Group of Communities in Kurdistan (KCK), Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK), Democrat Party of Kurdistan/North (PDK/Bakur), Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan (PŞK), Communist Party of Kurdistan (KKP) * Ethnic group: Assyrian people, Assyrian, Arab Christians ** Proposed state: ** Political parties: Assyrian Democratic Movement, Assyria Liberation Party ** Militant organisations: Nineveh Plain Protection Units, Dwekh Nawsha ** Advocacy groups: Assyrian General Conference, Assyria Council of Europe

Uzbekistan

Karakalpakstan * Ethnic group: Karakalpaks ** Proposed state: Flag of Karakalpakstan

Republic of Karakalpakstan ** Advocacy group: Free Karakalpakstan National Revival Party

Vietnam

Champa independence movement *Ethnic group: Flag of the Republic of Central Highlands and Champa

Flag of Central Highlands Liberation Front

Cham people *Proposed state: Champa independence movement, Champa *Status: Inactive; but still called for by ethnic Cham people Central Highlands in Vietnam

Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation * Ethnic group: Khmer Krom * Proposed state: Khmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation, Kampuchea-Krom Montagnard Degar Association (MDA) created in 1987 - Marko de Haeck

Montagnard Degar Association (MDA) created in 1987 - Marko de Haeck

Montagnard Foundation, Inc. * Ethnic group: Degar Foundation created in 1990 - Marko de Haeck

Montagnard (Vietnam), Degar people * Proposed state: Montagnard Degar Association (MDA) created in 1987 - Marko de Haeck

Montagnard Foundation, Inc., Montagnard or Degar, Degar State

Yemen

South Yemen ** Proposed state: Flag of South Yemen

South Arabia, or State of Aden ** De facto state: Southern Transitional Council *** Political parties: South Yemen Movement, Yemeni Socialist Party * Flag of Hadhramaut

Hadhramaut * Ethnic group: Arabs, Arab as well as Mehri people, Mehri and Soqotri people, Soqotri ** Proposed states: Kathiri flag

Kathiri,

Qu'aiti, Wahidi Balhaf, Mahra Sultanate, Mahra ** De facto state: Hadhramaut Region, Protectorate of South Arabia *** Political party: Hadhrami League

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Active Separatist Movements in Asia, List Of Asia-related lists, Separatist Movements, Active Disputed territories in Asia, *Separatist Movements in Asia, Active Lists of active separatist movements, Asia Society-related lists, Separatist Movements in Asia, Active Secessionist organizations in Asia,