subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...
of the freshwater fish family
Cyprinidae
Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barbs and barbels. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family and the largest verte ...
, which contains the true
minnows
Minnow is the common name for a number of species of small freshwater fish, belonging to several genera of the families Cyprinidae and Leuciscidae. They are also known in Ireland as pinkeens.
Smaller fish in the subfamily Leusciscidae are ...
.
Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnows. As the name suggests, most members of the OW clade are found in
Eurasia
Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago a ...
, aside from the
golden shiner
The golden shiner (''Notemigonus crysoleucas'') is a cyprinid fish native to eastern North America. It is the sole member of its genus. Much used as a bait fish, it is probably the most widely pond-cultured fish in the United States. It can be fo ...
(''Notemigonus crysoleucas''), which is found in eastern
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
.
According to ancestral area reconstruction, the subfamily Leuiciscinae is thought to have originated in Europe before becoming widely distributed in parts of Europe, Asia and North America. Evidence for the dispersal of this subfamily can be marked by biogeographical scenarios/observations, geomorphological changes, phylogenetic relationships as well as evidence for
vicariance
Allopatric speciation () – also referred to as geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or its earlier name the dumbbell model – is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations become geographically isolated from ...
events taking place through time. Through analyses and evidence of divergence time, it was observed that the two monophyletic groups, the phoxinins and the leuciscins, had shared a common ancestor dating to approximately 70.7 million years ago, representing their lengthy evolutionary history.
The 5th edition of the ''
Fishes of the World
''Fishes of the World'' by the American ichthyologist Joseph S. Nelson (1937–2011) is a standard reference for fish systematics. Now in its fifth edition (2016), the work is a comprehensive overview of the diversity and classification of the ...
'' classifies the Leuciscinae as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae but other classifications have resolved this taxon as a family, the Leuciscidae.
Genera
According to a 2018 study, Leuciscinae may be subdivided into 6 clades, or, if Leuciscidae is treated as a valid family, subfamilies:
* North American clade (Subfamily
Pogonichthyinae
Pogonichthyinae is a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Leuciscidae, which contains the true minnows. Members of this family are known as American minnows or the North American (NA) clade of minnows. As the name suggests, all members of thi ...
''sensu'' Schönhuth et al.):
** ''
Agosia
The longfin dace (''Agosia chrysogaster'') is a leuciscid fish that is found in western North America in the United States and Mexico
Mexico (Spanish language, Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a List of sovereig ...
Algansea
''Algansea'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Leuciscidae, distributed in the Lerma– Chapala– Grande de Santiago, Pátzcuaro, Armería, Ameca, Ayutla and Tuxpan basins in west-central Mexico (mostly Jalisco, but also surroundi ...
Jordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
Campostoma
''Campostoma'', the stonerollers, is a genus of cyprinid fish found in North America. There are currently six species recognized for this genus.
Species
* '' Campostoma anomalum'' (Rafinesque, 1820) (Central stoneroller)
* '' Campostoma oligole ...
Clinostomus
''Clinostomus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that occur in eastern North America. There are two species in this genus.
Species
* '' Clinostomus elongatus'' ( Kirtland, 1840) (Redside dace)
* ''Clinostomus funduloides
The rosyside dace (''Clino ...
'' Girard, 1856 (redside daces)
** ''
Codoma
The ornate shiner (''Codoma ornata'') is a cyprinid fish endemic to Mexico
Mexico (Spanish language, Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a List of sovereign states, country in the southern portion of North America. ...
'' Girard, 1856 (ornate shiner)
** ''
Cyprinella
''Cyprinella'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. They are known as the satinfin shiners. They are native to North America, and some are among the most common freshwater fish species on the eastern side of the con ...
'' Girard, 1856 (satinfin shiners)
** ''
Dionda
''Dionda'' is the genus of desert minnows, small fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. They are native to fresh waters in the United States and Mexico. Their range is centered in the Rio Grande basin, but they also occur in associated systems ...
'' Girard, 1856 (desert minnows)
** ''
Ericymba
''Ericymba'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are native to North America.Yang, L., Sado, T., Hirt, M.V., Pasco-Viel, E., Arunachalam, M., Li, J., Wang, X., Freyhof, J., Saitoh, K., Simons, A.M., Miya, M., He, S. & Mayden, R.L. ...
Erimystax
''Erimystax'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. Members are commonly known as slender chubs, though "slender chub" is also used for individual species local to some area, particularly ''Erimystax cahni''.
Species
* ''Er ...
'' Jordan, 1882(slender chubs)
** ''
Exoglossum
''Exoglossum'' is a genus of mound-building freshwater fish of the minnow family ( Cyprinidae) containing two species, commonly known as cutlip minnows, although the individual species, particularly ''Exoglossum maxillingua'', are also locally ...
''
Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimat ...
, 1818 (cutlips minnows)
** ''
Hybognathus
''Hybognathus'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. Its members are collectively known as the silvery minnows. Hybognathus are pelagophils that are native to North America. The populations of such pelagophils, including speci ...
'' Agassiz, 1855 (silvery minnows)
** ''
Hybopsis
''Hybopsis'' is a genus of cyprinid fish Endemism, endemic to the United States. There are currently six described species in this genus.
Species
* ''Hybopsis amblops'' (Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, Rafinesque, 1820) (Bigeye chub)
* ''Hybopsis ...
Luxilus
''Luxilus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in North America. They are commonly known as highscale shiners. There are currently nine species in the genus.
Species
* '' Luxilus albeolus'' ( D. S. Jordan, 1889) (white shiner)
* '' Luxilus car ...
'' Rafinesque, 1820 (highscale shiners)
** ''
Lythrurus
''Lythrurus'', the finescale shiners, is a genus of cyprinid fish found in North America. There are currently 11 species in this genus.
Species
* '' Lythrurus alegnotus'' ( Snelson, 1972) (warrior shiner)
* '' Lythrurus ardens'' (Cope, 1868) ...
'' Jordan, 1876 (finescale shiners)
** ''
Macrhybopsis
''Macrhybopsis'', the blacktail chubs, is a genus of cyprinid fish that are found in North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the no ...
Allison
Allison may refer to:
People
* Allison (given name)
* Allison (surname) (includes a list of people with this name)
* Eugene Allison Smith (1922-1980), American politician and farmer
Companies
* Allison Engine Company, American aircraft engine ...
1909 (blacktail chubs)
** ''
Mylocheilus
''Mylocheilus caurinus'', the peamouth, peamouth chub, redmouth sucker or northwestern dace, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish from the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows, that is found in western North America. It is the only spe ...
'' Agassiz, 1855 (peamouth)
** ''
Nocomis
''Nocomis'' is a genus of cyprinid fish native to North America. There are currently seven described species in this genus.
Species
* '' Nocomis asper'' Lachner & R. E. Jenkins, 1971 (Redspot chub)
* '' Nocomis biguttatus'' ( Kirtland, 1840) ...
'' Girard, 1856 (hornyhead chubs)
** ''
Notropis
''Notropis'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are known commonly as eastern shiners.''N ...
'' Rafinesque, 1818 (eastern shiners)
** ''
Opsopoeodus
The pugnose minnow (''Opsopoeodus emiliae'') is a species of cyprinid fish found in the eastern North America. There are two recognized subspecies with the subspecies from Florida
Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of ...
''
Hay
Hay is grass, legumes, or other herbaceous plants that have been cut and dried to be stored for use as animal fodder, either for large grazing animals raised as livestock, such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep, or for smaller domesticat ...
, 1881 (pugnose minnow)
** ''
Oregonichthys
''Oregonichthys'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. Collectively known as Oregon chubs, that term can also refer to ''O. crameri'' in particular.
Species
* ''Oregonichthys crameri'' ( Snyder, 1908) (Oregon chub)
* ''Oreg ...
'' Hubbs, 1929 (Oregon chubs)
** ''
Phenacobius
''Phenacobius'', the suckermouth minnows, is a genus of cyprinid fishes endemic to the United States. Historically the suckermouth minnow was not found as far eastward as Ohio, now they seem to be a stable species living throughout the Midwest an ...
'' Cope, 1867 (suckermouth minnows)
** ''
Pimephales
''Pimephales'', commonly known as the bluntnose minnows (a term used locally to refer to '' Pimephales notatus'' specifically), is a genus of cyprinid fish found in North America. All of the four species are small fish, with ''P. notatus'' being ...
'' Rafinesque, 1820 (bluntnose minnows)
** ''
Platygobio
The flathead chub (''Platygobio gracilis'') is a species of fish in the carp family, Cyprinidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus ''Platygobio''.Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Eds. (2011)''Platygobio''.FishBase. It is native to North Americ ...
''
gill
A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are ...
, 1863 (flathead chub)
** ''
Pogonichthys
The splittails are a genus ''Pogonichthys'' of cyprinid fish, consisting of two species native to western North America.
The common name is inspired by the distinctive appearance of the tail fin, in which the upper lobe is distinctly larger.
Of ...
'' Girard, 1854 (splittails)
** ''
Pteronotropis
''Pteronotropis'' is a genus of cyprinid fish endemism, endemic to the United States.
Characteristics
The genus is characterized by a broad dark blue stripe along the side. The genus has large anal and dorsal fins, as well as a compressed body ...
Rhinichthys
''Rhinichthys'', known as the riffle daces, is a genus of freshwater fish in the carp family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes. The type species is ''Rhinichthys atratulus'', the blacknose dace. ''Rhinichthys'' species range throughout Nort ...
Richardsonius
''Richardsonius'' is a genus of cyprinid fish consisting of two species native to western North America. Commonly known as redside shiners, that term is also used to refer to ''Richardsonius balteatus'' specifically.
The genus is named after n ...
Garman Garman is a surname or first name. Notable people with the name include:
Sports
* Ann Garman, All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player
* Judi Garman (born 1954), American softball coach
* Mike Garman (born 1949), American baseball pla ...
, 1881
** ''
Tampichthys
''Tampichthys'' is a genus of cyprinid fish endemic to east–central Mexico. They are entirely restricted to the Pánuco River basin, except ''T. ipni'' which also occurs in some other Mexican rivers that drain into the Gulf of Mexico.
These ar ...
Yuriria
Yuriria, Guanajuato, Mexico,(), is one of 46 municipalities in the Mexican state of Guanajuato.
Geography
Yuriria is located in the "Bajío", or lowlands, of Guanajuato. It is bordered to the east by Salvatierra and Santiago Maravatío, to th ...
'' Jordan & Evermann, 1896
* ''Phoxinus'' (PHX) clade (subfamily Phoxininae ''sensu'' Schönhuth et al.):
** ''
Phoxinus
''Phoxinus'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Leuciscidae of order Cypriniformes, and the only members of the subfamily Phoxininae, or Eurasian minnows. The type species is ''Phoxinus phoxinus''. The other species in this genus are al ...
'' Rafinesque, 1820 (Eurasian minnows and daces)
* Old World (OW) clade (subfamily Leuciscinae ''sensu'' Schönhuth et al.):
** ''
Abramis
The common bream, freshwater bream, bream, bronze bream, carp bream or sweaty bream (''Abramis brama''), is a European species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is now considered to be the only species in the genus ''Abramis''.
...
Achondrostoma
''Achondrostoma'' is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. It is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula.Robalo, J. I., et al. (2007)Re-examination and phylogeny of the genus ''Chondrostoma'' based on mitochondrial ...
Almada
Almada () is a city and a municipality in Portugal, located on the southern margin of the Tagus River, on the opposite side of the river from Lisbon. The two cities are connected by the 25 de Abril Bridge. The population in 2011 was 174,030, in a ...
,
Levy
Levy, Lévy or Levies may refer to:
People
* Levy (surname), people with the surname Levy or Lévy
* Levy Adcock (born 1988), American football player
* Levy Barent Cohen (1747–1808), Dutch-born British financier and community worker
* Levy ...
Alburnoides
''Alburnoides'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes native to Europe and Asia. Many species are known as riffle minnows or spirlins.
Species
There are currently 30 recognized species in this genus:
* ''Alburnoides bipunctatus'' (Bloch, 1782)
* '' Albu ...
Alburnus
''Alburnus'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. They are known commonly as bleaks. A group of species in the genus is known as shemayas. The genus occurs in the western Palearctic realm, and the center of diversi ...
'' Rafinesque, 1820 (bleaks)
** ''
Anaecypris
''Anaecypris hispanica'', the Spanish minnowcarp, is a small species of ray-finned fish species in the family Cyprinidae. It is the only living member of the genus ''Anaecypris''. It is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and is found in the basin o ...
Berg Berg may refer to:
People
*Berg (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name)
*Berg Ng (born 1960), Hong Kong actor
* Berg (footballer) (born 1989), Brazilian footballer
Former states
* Berg (state), county and duchy of the Hol ...
, 1907 (pike-asp)
** ''
Ballerus
''Ballerus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish containing two Eurasian species.
Species
* ''Ballerus ballerus'' (Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus, 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 1758) (Zope)
* ''Ballerus sapa'' (Peter Simon Pallas, Pallas, 1814) (White-eye ...
'' Heckel, 1843 (breams)
** ''
Blicca
''Blicca bjoerkna'', alternatively called the white bream or the silver bream, is a European species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae.
Distribution
''Blicca bjoerkna'' is distributed across most of Europe and in adjacent Western Asi ...
'' Heckel, 1843 (Silver bream)
** ''
Capoetobrama
''Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi'' is a cyprinid fish that is found in Central Asia, in a region shared by Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекис ...
'' Berg, 1916 (sharpray)
** ''
Chondrostoma
''Chondrostoma'' (from the Ancient Greek roots (''khondros'') 'lump' + (''stoma'') 'mouth' = 'lump-mouth') is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly known as nases, although this term is also used locally to ...
Iberochondrostoma
''Iberochondrostoma'' is a genus of cyprinid fish endemic to the Iberian Peninsula.
Species
There are currently five recognized species in this genus:
* ''Iberochondrostoma almacai'' ( M. M. Coelho, Mesquita & Collares-Pereira, 2005)
* ''Iberoch ...
'' Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007
** ''
Iberocypris
''Squalius'' is a genus of fish in the family (biology), family Cyprinidae found in Europe and Asia. Hybrid (biology), Hybridization is not rare in the Cyprinidae, including this genus. ''Squalius alburnoides, S. alburnoides'' is known to be of a ...
'' Doadrio, 1980
** ''
Ladigesocypris
''Ladigesocypris'' is a small genus of freshwater ray-finned fish from the carp and minnow family, Cyprinidae. It comprises two species which are endemic to Anatolia.
Species
The two species included in this genus are:
*''Ladigesocypris irideus ...
''
Karaman
Karaman, historically known as Laranda (Greek: Λάρανδα), is a city in south central Turkey, located in Central Anatolia, north of the Taurus Mountains, about south of Konya. It is the capital district of the Karaman Province. According t ...
, 1972
** ''
Leucalburnus
''Leucalburnus satunini'', the mountain dace or White Kura bleak , is a species of cyprinid
Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the ...
'' Berg, 1916
** ''
Leucaspius
''Leucaspius delineatus'', known as the sunbleak, belica or moderlieschen is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is currently the only species included in genus ''Leucaspius'', whereas formerly others were included, which n ...
Leuciscus
''Leuciscus'' is a genus of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. They are inland water fishes commonly called Eurasian daces. The genus is widespread from Europe to Siberia. Species broadly distributed in Europe include the common dace ''Le ...
'' Cuvier, 1816 (Eurasian dace)
** ''
Leucos
''Leucos'' is a genus of fishes in the family Cyprinidae, from Southern Europe. They are carp close to the genus ''Rutilus'', and were only recently taxonomically distinguished from that genus.Bianco, P.G., Ketmaier, V. (2014)A revision of the ...
Pachychilon
''Pachychilon'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in Europe. There are two recognized species in this genus.
Species
* '' Pachychilon macedonicum'' (Steindachner
Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) ...
Parachondrostoma
''Parachondrostoma'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found mostly in Spain with one species entering France. There are currently four species in this genus.
Species
There are currently four recognized species in this genus:
* '' Parachondrostoma arr ...
'' Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007
** ''
Pelasgus
In Greek mythology, Pelasgus ( grc, Πελασγός, ''Pelasgós'' means "ancient") was the eponymous ancestor of the Pelasgians, the mythical inhabitants of Greece who established the worship of the Dodonaean Zeus, Hephaestus, the Cabeiri, and ot ...
''
Kottelat
Maurice Kottelat (born 16 July 1957 in Delémont, SwitzerlandC ...
& Freyhof, 2007
** ''
Pelecus
''Pelecus cultratus'', commonly known as the ziege, sichel, sabre carp or sabrefish, is a cyprinid fish species from Eastern Europe and adjacent Asian regions, the only one in its genus, inhabiting the lower reaches of rivers and brackish waters ...
'' Agassiz, 1835 (sabre carp)
** ''
Petroleuciscus
''Petroleuciscus'' is a genus of four species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It was usually included in ''Leuciscus'' until recently. This genus unites the Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces. Recent research has indicated that ''Petrole ...
'' Bogutskaya, 2002 (Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces)
** ''
Phoxinellus
''Phoxinellus'' is a genus of cyprinid fishes found in the Balkans
The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region tak ...
Pseudochondrostoma
''Pseudochondrostoma'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that occurs in the Iberian Peninsula.
Species
There are currently three recognized species in this genus:
* ''Pseudochondrostoma duriense'' ( M. M. Coelho, 1985)
* ''Pseudochondrostoma polylepis ...
'' Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007
** ''
Pseudophoxinus
''Pseudophoxinus'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Western Asia.
Species
There are currently 29 recognized species in this genus:
* '' Pseudophoxinus alii'' Küçük, 2007 (Pamphylian spring minnow)
* '' Pseudophoxinus ana ...
''
Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Rutilus'' Rafinesque, 1820 (katum, perlfish and roach)
** '' Sarmarutilus''
Bianco
Bianco is a town and ''comune'' in the Province of Reggio Calabria, in southern Italy. It is a seaside town and a popular tourist resort. The main attractions are the remainings of an old abbey and the ruins of a Roman house.
See also
*Calabri ...
Scardinius
''Scardinius'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae commonly called rudds. Locally, the name "rudd" without any further qualifiers is also used for individual species, particularly the common rudd (''S. erythrophthalmus''). Th ...
Squalius
''Squalius'' is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae found in Europe and Asia. Hybridization is not rare in the Cyprinidae, including this genus. '' S. alburnoides'' is known to be of ancient hybrid origin, with the paternal lineage deriving ...
Tropidophoxinellus
''Tropidophoxinellus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish found in Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe ...
Vimba
''Vimba'' is a genus of cyprinid fish that is found in Europe and western Asia. There are currently four described species.
Species
* '' Vimba elongata'' (Valenciennes, 1844) (Bavarian vimba)
* '' Vimba melanops'' ( Heckel, 1837) (Macedonian v ...
Hemitremia
The flame chub (''Hemitremia flammea'') is a species of freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae found only in the United States. Its range broadly follows the Tennessee River from above Knoxville, Tennessee, to the mouth of the Duck River. His ...
'' Cope 1870 (flame chub)
** ''
Lepidomeda
''Lepidomeda'' is a genus of cyprinid fish, commonly known as the spinedaces, found in western North America. Of the four known species, one is extinct and two are threatened. They appear to be fairly close to the leatherside chub and the spike ...
'' Cope, 1874 (spinedaces)
** ''
Margariscus
''Margariscus'', known as the pearl daces, is a genus of Leuciscidae, leusiscid fishes found in North America. There are currently two recognized species in this genus. Margariscus comes from the Greek word ''margariskos,'' meaning pearl.
Speci ...
'' Cockerell, 1909 (daces)
** ''
Meda Meda may refer to:
Places
* Meda de Mouros, a parish in Tábua Municipality, Portugal
* Medas, a parish in Gondomar Municipality, Portugal
* Meda-Ela, Sri Lanka
* Međa (Leskovac), village in the municipality of Leskovac, Serbia
* Meda, Lombardy ...
'' Girard, 1856 (pikedace)
** ''
Plagopterus
The woundfin (''Plagopterus argentissimus'') is a species of minnow endemic to the Virgin River of the southwestern United States. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Plagopterus''.
Description
The woundfin is a small slender, silve ...
'' Cope, 1874 (woundfin)
** ''
Semotilus
''Semotilus'' is the genus of creek chubs, ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. The term "creek chub" is sometimes used for individual species, particularly the common creek chub, ''S. atromaculatus''. The creek chub species of minnows can ...
Laviniinae
Laviniinae is a clade of the subfamily Leuciscinae, treated as a subfamily of the freshwater fish family Leuciscidae by some authorities, which contains the true minnows. Members of this clade are known as western chubs or the western clade (WC) ...
''sensu'' Schönhuth et al.):
** ''
Acrocheilus
The chiselmouth (''Acrocheilus alutaceus'') is an unusual cyprinid fish of western North America. It is named for the sharp hard plate on its lower jaw, which is used to scrape rocks for algae. It is the sole member of the monotypic genus ''Acro ...
'' Agassiz, 1855 (chiselmouth)
** ''
Chrosomus
''Chrosomus'' is a genus of small cyprinid fish found in freshwater habitats in the eastern half of the United States and Canada. There are currently seven recognized species in this genus. They have sometimes been included in ''Phoxinus''. They ...
'' Rafinesque, 1820 (typical daces)
** ''
Eremichthys
The desert dace (''Eremichthys acros'') is a rare cyprinid fish known only from the warm springs and creeks of Soldier Meadow in western Humboldt County, Nevada, USA. It is the only member of the monotypic genus ''Eremichthys''. The species is ...
Miller
A miller is a person who operates a mill, a machine to grind a grain (for example corn or wheat) to make flour. Milling is among the oldest of human occupations. "Miller", "Milne" and other variants are common surnames, as are their equivalent ...
, 1948 (desert dace)
**''
Evarra
''Evarra'' was a genus of small ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. All species in the genus were restricted to waters in the Valley of Mexico and are now extinct due to habitat loss (their habitat dried out with remaining waters in the reg ...
Hesperoleucus
The California roach (''Hesperoleucus symmetricus'') is a cyprinid fish native to western North America and abundant in the intermittent streams throughout central California. Once considered the sole member of its genus, it has recently been sp ...
Lavinia
In Roman mythology, Lavinia ( ; ) is the daughter of Latinus and Amata, and the last wife of Aeneas.
Creation
It has been proposed that the character was in part intended to represent Servilia Isaurica, Emperor Augustus's first fiancée.
Stor ...
Mylopharodon
''Mylopharadon conocephalus'', known as the hardhead, is a freshwater ray-finned fish from the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows, which is endemic to California. It is the sole member of the monotypic genus ''Mylopharadon''.
Description
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Orthodon
The Sacramento blackfish (''Orthodon microlepidotus'') is a species of freshwater fish in central California. A cyprinid, the blackfish is the sole member of its genus.
Distribution and habitat
Blackfish are primarily denizens of the warm and ...
'' Girard, 1856 (Sacramento blackfish)
** ''
Ptychocheilus
Pikeminnows, formerly squawfish, are cyprinid fish of the genus ''Ptychocheilus'' consisting of four species native to western North America. Voracious predators, they are considered an "undesirable" species in many waters, largely due to the spe ...
Siphateles
''Siphateles'' is a genus of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae, native to the Western United States. They were formerly placed in the genus ''Gila (fish), Gila''.
Species
The species include:
*''Siphateles alvordensis'' Carl Leavitt Hubbs, ...
'' Cope, 1883
*Far East Asian (FEA) Clade: (subfamily Pseudaspininae ''sensu'' Schönhuth et al.):
** ''
Oreoleuciscus
''Oreoleuciscus'' is a genus of medium to large cyprinid freshwater fish which is only found in Mongolia and adjacent parts of Russia.
Species
There are currently four recognized species in this genus:
* ''Oreoleuciscus angusticephalus'' Boguts ...
Pseudaspius
''Pseudaspius leptocephalus'', the Redfin, is a species of cyprinid fish found in eastern Asia where it occurs in the countries of Russia, Mongolia
Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a la ...
Fish subfamiliesTaxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte
{{Leuciscinae-stub
Perea, S., Böhme, M., Zupancic, P., Freyhof, J., Sanda, R., Ozuluğ, M., Abdoli, A., & Doadrio, I. (2010). Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical patterns in Circum-Mediterranean subfamily Leuciscinae (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) inferred from both mitochondrial and nuclear data. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10(1), 265–265. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-265
Imoto, J. M., Saitoh, K., Sasaki, T., Yonezawa, T., Adachi, J., Kartavtsev, Y. P., Miya, M., Nishida, M., & Hanzawa, N. (2013). Phylogeny and biogeography of highly diverged freshwater fish species (Leuciscinae, Cyprinidae, Teleostei) inferred from mitochondrial genome analysis. Gene, 514(2), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.019