![DNA-microarray analysis](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/DNA-microarray_analysis.jpg)
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B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small cell lymphoma
:: 3 to 4% of lymphomas in adults
:: Small resting lymphocytes mixed with variable numbers of large activated cells, lymph nodes diffusely
effaced
:: CD5, surface
immunoglobulin
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the ...
:: 5-year survival rate 50%.
:: Occurs in older adults, usually involves lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen, most patients have peripheral blood involvement, indolent
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B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, referred to as B-PLL, is a rare blood cancer. It is a more aggressive, but still treatable, form of leukemia.
Specifically, B-PLL is a prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) that affects prolymphocytes – immature forms ...
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Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (such as
Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Waldenström macroglobulinemia () is a type of cancer affecting two types of B cells: lymphoplasmacytoid cells and plasma cells. Both cell types are white blood cells. It is characterized by having high levels of a circulating antibody, immunoglo ...
)
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Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a type of cancer (specifically a lymphoma) made up of B-cells that replace the normal architecture of the white pulp of the spleen. The neoplastic cells are both small lymphocytes and larger, transformed l ...
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Hairy cell leukemia
Hairy cell leukemia is an uncommon hematological malignancy characterized by an accumulation of abnormal B lymphocytes. It is usually classified as a subtype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Hairy cell leukemia makes up about 2% of all le ...
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Plasma cell
Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells or effector B cells, are white blood cells that originate in the lymphoid organs as B lymphocytes and secrete large quantities of proteins called antibodies in response to being presented specific substan ...
neoplasms:
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Plasma cell myeloma (also known as multiple myeloma)
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Plasmacytoma
Plasmacytoma is a plasma cell dyscrasia in which a plasma cell tumour grows within soft tissue or within the axial skeleton.
The International Myeloma Working Group lists three types: solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB); extramedullary plasmac ...
** Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases
**
Heavy chain diseases
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Extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma, also called
MALT lymphoma
MALT lymphoma (MALToma) is a form of lymphoma involving the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), frequently of the stomach, but virtually any mucosal site can be affected. It is a cancer originating from B cells in the marginal zone of the MAL ...
:: About 5% of lymphomas in adults
:: Variable cell size and differentiation, 40% show
plasma cell
Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells or effector B cells, are white blood cells that originate in the lymphoid organs as B lymphocytes and secrete large quantities of proteins called antibodies in response to being presented specific substan ...
differentiation,
homing of B cells to epithelium creates lymphoepithelial lesions.
:: CD5,
CD10
Neprilysin (), also known as membrane metallo-endopeptidase (MME), neutral endopeptidase (NEP), cluster of differentiation 10 (CD10), and common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MME'' ge ...
, surface Ig
:: Frequently occurs outside lymph nodes, very indolent, may be cured by local excision
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Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma
Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (NMZL) is an uncommon form of marginal-zone lymphoma that can produce colonization of the follicles in the lymph node. It is a form of low grade lymphoma with similar incidence in men and women and a mean age o ...
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Follicular lymphoma
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a cancer that involves certain types of white blood cells known as lymphocytes. The cancer originates from the uncontrolled division of specific types of B-cells known as centrocytes and centroblasts. These cells normal ...
:: About 40% of lymphomas in adults
:: Small "cleaved"
left
Left may refer to:
Music
* ''Left'' (Hope of the States album), 2006
* ''Left'' (Monkey House album), 2016
* "Left", a song by Nickelback from the album ''Curb'', 1996
Direction
* Left (direction), the relative direction opposite of right
* L ...
cells (
centrocyte
A centrocyte generally refers to a B cell with a cleaved nucleus, as may appear in e.g. follicular lymphoma.Table 12-8 in: 8th edition. Centrocytes are B cells that are found in the light zones of germinal centers. Centrocytes are the non-dividing ...
s) mixed with large activated cells (
centroblast
A centroblast generally refers to an activated B cell that is enlarged (12–18 micrometer) and is rapidly proliferating in the germinal center of a lymphoid follicle. They are specifically located in the dark zone of the germinal center. Centr ...
s), usually nodular ("follicular") growth pattern
::
CD10
Neprilysin (), also known as membrane metallo-endopeptidase (MME), neutral endopeptidase (NEP), cluster of differentiation 10 (CD10), and common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MME'' ge ...
, surface
Ig
:: About 72–77%
:: Occurs in older adults, usually involves lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen, associated with t(14;18)
translocation overexpressing
Bcl-2
Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), encoded in humans by the ''BCL2'' gene, is the founding member of the Bcl-2 family of regulator proteins that regulate cell death (apoptosis), by either inhibiting (anti-apoptotic) or inducing (pro-apoptotic) apoptosis. ...
, indolent
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Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma
Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma is a type of lymphoma. It was recognized as a distinct disease entity in the 2008 WHO classification. PCFCL had been previously conceived as a variant of follicular lymphoma (FL).
Cause
Unlike FL, PCFCL ...
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Mantle cell lymphoma
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), comprising about 6% of NHL cases. There are only about 15,000 patients presently in the United States with mantle cell lymphoma. It is named for the mantle zone of the lymph n ...
:: About 3 to 4% of lymphomas in adults
:: Lymphocytes of small to intermediate size growing in diffuse pattern
::
CD5
:: About 50
[ to 70%][
:::: 50% for limited stage:
:::: 70% for advanced stage: ]
:: Occurs mainly in adult males, usually involves lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen and GI tract
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and ...
, associated with t(11;14) translocation overexpressing cyclin D1
Cyclin D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CCND1'' gene.
Gene expression
The CCND1 gene encodes the cyclin D1 protein. The human CCND1 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 11 (band 11q13). It is 13,388 base pairs lon ...
, moderately aggressive
* Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in Gibbs free energy or chemical p ...
, not otherwise specified
:: About 40 to 50% of lymphomas in adults
:: Variable, most resemble B cells of large germinal centers, diffuse growth pattern
:: Variable expression of CD10
Neprilysin (), also known as membrane metallo-endopeptidase (MME), neutral endopeptidase (NEP), cluster of differentiation 10 (CD10), and common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MME'' ge ...
and surface Ig
:: Five-year survival rate
The five-year survival rate is a type of survival rate for estimating the prognosis of a particular disease, normally calculated from the point of diagnosis. Lead time bias from earlier diagnosis can affect interpretation of the five-year surviva ...
60%
:: Occurs in all ages, but most commonly in older adults, may occur outside lymph nodes, aggressive
*
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* Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG or LG) is a very rare lymphoproliferative disorder first characterized in 1972. Lymphomatoid means lymphoma-like and granulomatosis denotes the microscopic characteristic of the presence of granulomas with polymor ...
* Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma
* Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
Intravascular lymphomas (IVL) are rare cancers in which malignant lymphocytes proliferate and accumulate within blood vessels. Almost all other tyes of lymphoma involve the proliferation and accumulation of malignant lymphocytes in lymph nodes, ...
* ALK+ large B-cell lymphoma ALK+ large B-cell lymphoma is a type of lymphoma. It was first reported in 1997. It is a rare, aggressive large B-cell process that shows ALK expression. It is distinct from anaplastic large cell lymphoma, a T-cell lymphoma.
Signs and symptoms
P ...
* Plasmablastic lymphoma
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a type of large B-cell lymphoma recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 as belonging to a subgroup of lymphomas termed lymphoid neoplasms with plasmablastic differentiation. The other lymphoid neop ...
* Primary effusion lymphoma
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is classified as a diffuse large B cell lymphoma. It is a rare malignancy of plasmablastic cells that occurs in individuals that are infected with the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (i.e. KSHV/HHV8). Plasmab ...
* Large B-cell lymphoma arising in HHV8-associated multicentric Castleman's disease
* Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia
:: < 1% of lymphomas in the United States
:: Round lymphoid cells of intermediate size with several nucleoli, starry-sky appearance by diffuse spread with interspersed apoptosis
Apoptosis (from grc, ἀπόπτωσις, apóptōsis, 'falling off') is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes incl ...
:: CD10, surface Ig
:: Five-year survival rate 50%
:: Endemic in Africa, sporadic elsewhere, more common in immunocompromised and children, often visceral involvement, highly aggressive
* T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
T-cell-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a mature T-cell leukemia with aggressive behavior and predilection for blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and skin involvement. T-PLL is a very rare leukemia, primarily affecting adults over t ...
* T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia
* Aggressive NK cell leukemia
Aggressive NK-cell leukemia is a disease with an aggressive, systemic proliferation of natural killer cells (NK cells) and a rapidly declining clinical course.
It is also called ''aggressive NK-cell lymphoma''.
Signs and symptoms
Patients usu ...
* Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL or ATLL) is a rare cancer of the immune system's T-cells caused by human T cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). All ATL cells contain integrated HTLV-1 provirus further supporting that causal role o ...
* Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL-NT) (also termed angiocentric lymphoma, nasal-type NK lymphoma, NK/T-cell lymphoma, polymorphic/malignant midline reticulosis, and lethal midline granuloma) is a rare type of lymphoma that commonly ...
* Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma
Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), previously termed enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, type I and at one time termed enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma (ETTL), is a complication of coeliac disease in which a malignant T-cell lympho ...
* Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma is a rare form of lymphoma that is generally incurable, except in the case of an allogeneic stem cell transplant.
It is a systemic neoplasm comprising medium-sized cytotoxic T-cells that show significant sinusoidal in ...
* Blastic NK cell lymphoma
* Mycosis fungoides
Mycosis fungoides, also known as Alibert-Bazin syndrome or granuloma fungoides, is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It generally affects the skin, but may progress internally over time. Symptoms include rash, tumors, skin lesion ...
/ Sézary syndrome
:: Most common cutaneous lymphoid malignancy
:: Usually small lymphoid cells with convoluted nuclei that often infiltrate the epidermis, creating Pautrier microabscesses
Mycosis fungoides, also known as Alibert-Bazin syndrome or granuloma fungoides, is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It generally affects the skin, but may progress internally over time. Symptoms include rash, tumors, skin lesion ...
es
:: CD4
In molecular biology, CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T-cell receptor (TCR). CD4 is found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic ...
:: 5-year
survival 75%
:: Localized or more generalized skin symptoms, generally indolent, in a more aggressive variant, Sézary's disease, skin erythema
Erythema (from the Greek , meaning red) is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries. It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation. Examples of erythema not assoc ...
and peripheral blood involvement
* Primary cutaneous CD30-positive T cell lymphoproliferative disorders
** Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma belongs to the group of cutaneous processes that are CD30+ lymphoproliferative and are characterized by autoregressive, recurrent, single or multifocal ulcerating nodules. Single or localized nodul ...
** Lymphomatoid papulosis
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a rare skin disorder. The overall prevalence rate of lymphomatoid papulosis is estimated at 1.2 to 1.9 cases per 1,000,000 population.
*_Peripheral_T-cell_lymphoma_not_otherwise_specified.html" ;"title="his is a widespread misinterpretation of a 1992 study saying "the period prev ...
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