HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Lugano (, , ; lmo, label= Ticinese, Lugan ) is a
city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
and municipality in
Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
, part of the
Lugano District The Lugano District ( it, Distretto di Lugano also called Luganese) is a district of Canton of Ticino, southern Switzerland. The capital is the city of Lugano. It has a population of (as of ). Geography The Lugano District has an area, , of . O ...
in the canton of
Ticino Ticino (), sometimes Tessin (), officially the Republic and Canton of Ticino or less formally the Canton of Ticino,, informally ''Canton Ticino'' ; lmo, Canton Tesin ; german: Kanton Tessin ; french: Canton du Tessin ; rm, Chantun dal Tessin . ...
. It is the largest city of both Ticino and the Italian-speaking southern Switzerland. Lugano has a population () of , and an
urban agglomeration An urban area, built-up area or urban agglomeration is a human settlement with a high population density and infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities, t ...
of over 150,000. It is the ninth largest Swiss city. The city lies on
Lake Lugano __NOTOC__ Lake Lugano ( it, Lago di Lugano or , from la, Ceresius lacus; lmo, Lagh de Lugan) is a glacial lake which is situated on the border between southern Switzerland and northern Italy. The lake, named after the city of Lugano, is situated ...
, at its largest width, and, together with the adjacent town of Paradiso, occupies the entire bay of Lugano. The territory of the municipality encompasses a much larger region on both sides of the lake, with numerous isolated villages. The region of Lugano is surrounded by the
Lugano Prealps The Lugano Prealps (''Prealpi Luganesi'' or ''Prealpi Lombarde Occidentali'' in Italian) are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps. They are located in Canton Ticino (southern Switzerland) and in Lombardy (northern Italy). Geography ...
, the latter extending on most of the
Sottoceneri The Sottoceneri (''under the Ceneri'', lombard: ''Sotascender'') is the part of the Swiss canton of Ticino that lies to the south of the Monte Ceneri Pass through the Lugano Prealps. It includes the Swiss shore of Lake Lugano, and the cities and ...
region, the southernmost part of Ticino and Switzerland. Both western and eastern parts of the municipality share an international border with Italy. Described as a market town since 984, Lugano was the object of continuous disputes between the Dukes of Como and Milan until it became part of the
Old Swiss Confederation The Old Swiss Confederacy or Swiss Confederacy (Modern German: ; historically , after the Reformation also , "Confederation of the Swiss") was a loose confederation of independent small states (, German or In the charters of the 14th century ...
in 1513. In 1803, the political municipality of Lugano was created, following the establishment of the canton. Since 1882, Lugano is an important stop on the international Gotthard Railway. The rail brought a decisive contribution to the development of tourism and more generally of the tertiary sector which are, to this day, predominant in the economy of the city.


Name and coat of arms

The toponym is first recorded in 804, in the form ''Luanasco'', in 874 as ''Luano'', and from 1189 as ''Lugano''. German-language variants of the name (now no longer in use) were , ''Lauis'', ''Lauwis'', ''Louwerz''. The local Lombard form of the name is rendered . The etymology of the name is uncertain, suggestions include derivation from
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
("grove"), from a vulgar Latin ''lakvannus'' ("lake-dweller") and from the god
Lugus Lugus was a deity of the Celtic pantheon. His name is rarely directly attested in inscriptions, but his importance can be inferred from place names and ethnonyms, and his nature and attributes are deduced from the distinctive iconography of Gall ...
.


History


Pre-history

The shores of Lake Lugano have been inhabited since the
Stone Age The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC, with t ...
. Within the modern city limits (Breganzona, Castagnola, Davesco and Gandria) a number of
ground stone In archaeology, ground stone is a category of stone tool formed by the grinding of a coarse-grained tool stone, either purposely or incidentally. Ground stone tools are usually made of basalt, rhyolite, granite, or other cryptocrystalline a ...
s or
quern-stone Quern-stones are stone tools for hand-grinding a wide variety of materials. They are used in pairs. The lower stationary stone of early examples is called a saddle quern, while the upper mobile stone is called a muller, rubber or handstone. The ...
s have been found. In the area surrounding Lugano, items from the
Copper Age The Copper Age, also called the Chalcolithic (; from grc-gre, χαλκός ''khalkós'', "copper" and  ''líthos'', "stone") or (A)eneolithic (from Latin '' aeneus'' "of copper"), is an archaeological period characterized by regular ...
and the
Iron Age The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age (Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostly appl ...
have been found. There are
Etruscan __NOTOC__ Etruscan may refer to: Ancient civilization *The Etruscan language, an extinct language in ancient Italy *Something derived from or related to the Etruscan civilization **Etruscan architecture **Etruscan art **Etruscan cities ** Etrusca ...
monuments at Davesco-Soragno (5th to 2nd century BC), Pregassona (3rd to 2nd century BC), and Viganello (3rd to 2nd century BC). Graves with jewelry and household items have been found in Aldesago, Davesco, Pazzallo and Pregassona along with
Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language * Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Fo ...
money in Viganello. The region around Lake Lugano was settled by the
Romans Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
by the 1st century BC. There was an important Roman town north of Lugano at
Bioggio Bioggio is a municipality in the district of Lugano, in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The municipality was created in 2004 with the union of old town of Bioggio with Bosco Luganese and Cimo. In 2008, Iseo chose to be part of the municipal ...
. There are fewer traces of the Romans in Lugano, but several inscriptions, graves and coins indicate that some Romans lived in what would become Lugano.


Foundation of Lugano

The first written mention of a settlement at Lugano can be found in documents, which are of disputed authenticity, with which the Longobard king Liutprand ceded various assets located in Lugano to the Church of Saint Carpophorus in
Como Como (, ; lmo, Còmm, label=Comasco dialect, Comasco , or ; lat, Novum Comum; rm, Com; french: Côme) is a city and ''comune'' in Lombardy, Italy. It is the administrative capital of the Province of Como. Its proximity to Lake Como and ...
in 724. Other documents, dating from 804 and 844 refer to Lake Lugano as Laco Luanasco, and an act of 984 indicates Lugano as a market town. During the fighting between
Guelphs and Ghibellines The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, , ; it, guelfi e ghibellini ) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of Central Italy and Northern Italy. During the 12th and 13th centuries, ri ...
and the new disputes between Como and
Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
, during the 14th and 15th centuries, Lugano was the scene of clashes between opposing forces. After a long rule by the Rusca family, Lugano was freed from the domination of Como, which had been taken over in 1335 from the
Visconti Visconti is a surname which may refer to: Italian noble families * Visconti of Milan, ruled Milan from 1277 to 1447 ** Visconti di Modrone, collateral branch of the Visconti of Milan * Visconti of Pisa and Sardinia, ruled Gallura in Sardinia from ...
. At the same time the link between town and the valley strengthened. By 1405–06 documents attest to a ''vallis comunitas Lugani et'', a governing body that was independent of Como. The new community included the
parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or m ...
es of Lugano, Agno,
Riva San Vitale Riva San Vitale is a municipality in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland, located in the district of Mendrisio. History Riva San Vitale is first mentioned in 774 as ''Primo Sobenno''. In 1115 it was mentioned as ''Ripa Sancti Vitalis''. The a ...
and Capriasca. In 1416 the Duke of Milan, Filippo Maria Visconti, conquered the region of Lugano and the Rusca valley and made it a
fief A fief (; la, feudum) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an Lord, overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a for ...
. A year later, Lugano's freedoms were first documented in a series of statutes modeled on those of Como. The town was able to secure complete independence.


Lugano during the Renaissance

File:Bernardino Luini - Crucifixion and Scenes from the Life of Christ - WGA13751.jpg, Fresco by
Bernardino Luini Bernardino Luini (c. 1480/82 – June 1532) was a north Italian painter from Leonardo's circle during the High Renaissance. Both Luini and Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio were said to have worked with Leonardo directly; he was described as having ...
, 1529 File:Cattedrale-di-San-Lorenzo-aerial-2.jpg, The 15th century
Cathedral of San Lorenzo Genoa Cathedral or Metropolitan Cathedral of Saint Lawrence ( it, Duomo di Genova, ''Cattedrale di San Lorenzo'') is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the Italian city of Genoa. It is dedicated to Saint Lawrence (San Lorenzo), and is the seat of t ...
is now the seat of the
Diocese of Lugano The Diocese of Lugano (Latin: ''Dioecesis Luganensis'') is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Switzerland covering the canton of Ticino. The diocese immediately exempt to the Holy See. In 2004, there we ...
File:Aurèle Robert - Cathédrale de Lugano.jpg, Interior of Lugano Cathedral, built in the 15th century File:Gedeelte van de gevel van de Dom te Lugano, RP-T-1936-5(V).jpg, Drawing of the Lugano Cathedral, 1538 File:Aurèle Robert - Couvent à Lugano.jpg, Interior of the Franciscan Monastery, built in the 15th century File:La Piccionaia, via Pioda.jpg, Civic building from the 15th century
Between 1433 and 1438 the Duke of Milan, Aloisio Sanseverino sat as a feudal lord over Lugano. He compensated the Rusca family with the ownership of Locarno. Under the reign of his heirs in the following decades rebellions and riots broke out, which lasted until the French invasion of 1499.


Lugano as a dependency of the Old Swiss Confederacy

File:Villa Favorita Lugano 01.JPG, Villa Favorita, built in 1687 for Karl Konrad von Beroldingen Lugano was the object of continuous disputes between the Dukes of Como and Milan until it became a Swiss dominion in 1513. An important name in this period was that of the von Beroldingen, a noble family from
Uri Uri may refer to: Places * Canton of Uri, a canton in Switzerland * Úri, a village and commune in Hungary * Uri, Iran, a village in East Azerbaijan Province * Uri, Jammu and Kashmir, a town in India * Uri (island), an island off Malakula Islan ...
, whose members between 1576 and 1798 served as chancellors of the ''Vogt'' residing in Lugano. A key member of this family was Karl Konrad von Beroldingen (1624-1706), who served as Lugano's chancellor and general captain, serving also Spain, and receiving the title of Baron from Leopold I in 1691. He commissioned the construction of Palazzo Beroldingen in the premises of what today is known as Parco Ciani and Villa Favorita in Castagnola.


Lugano during the Enlightenment

File:Zentralbibliothek Zürich - Lugano Bailliage en Italie appartenant aux Suisses - 991035412299705501.jpg, View after 1714 File:Thomas Smith - Town and Lake of Lugano - B1975.4.1745 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg, View in the mid 18th century File:CH-NB - Grafiken Orts- und Landschaftsansichten - GS-GRAF-ANSI-TI-69.tif, View in 1790 File:Henri Rollan Lancelot - Lago de Lugano.jpg, View in the late 18th century In 1746, the Agnelli brothers opened the first printing press and bookshop in Lugano. They began publishing the newspaper ''Nuove di diverse corti e paesi'' in 1748 and changed its name to ''Gazzetta di Lugano'' in 1797. The newspaper was widely read in north and central Italy. It supported the cause of the later
Jansenist Jansenism was an early modern theological movement within Catholicism, primarily active in the Kingdom of France, that emphasized original sin, human depravity, the necessity of divine grace, and predestination. It was declared a heresy by th ...
s against the
Jesuit , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders ...
s and therefore was banned in 1768 in the territory of the
Papal States The Papal States ( ; it, Stato Pontificio, ), officially the State of the Church ( it, Stato della Chiesa, ; la, Status Ecclesiasticus;), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope fro ...
. It was open to the themes of enlightened reform and the American Revolutionary War. It was the first newspaper in the Italian language to publish an excerpt from the
Declaration of Independence A declaration of independence or declaration of statehood or proclamation of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the ...
of 1776. After the death of Abbot Gian Battista Agnelli in 1788, who had been the editor for more than 40 years, Abbot Giuseppe Lodovico Maria Vanelli took over the paper. Under Abbot Vanelli, it supported the revolutionary ideas from France, which drew protests from the Austrian government in
Lombardy Lombardy ( it, Lombardia, Lombard language, Lombard: ''Lombardia'' or ''Lumbardia' '') is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in the northern-central part of the country and has a population of about 10 ...
. The publication of the magazine ceased abruptly after edition number 17 of 29 April 1799, following the anti-French riots in Lugano during which the Agnelli printing house was sacked and Abbot Vanelli was shot. Swiss control lasted until 1798 when
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
conquered the
Old Swiss Confederation The Old Swiss Confederacy or Swiss Confederacy (Modern German: ; historically , after the Reformation also , "Confederation of the Swiss") was a loose confederation of independent small states (, German or In the charters of the 14th century ...
and created the
Helvetic Republic The Helvetic Republic (, , ) was a sister republic of France that existed between 1798 and 1803, during the French Revolutionary Wars. It was created following the French invasion and the consequent dissolution of the Old Swiss Confederacy, ma ...
, within which Lugano became the capital of the
Canton of Lugano Lugano was the name of a canton of the Helvetic Republic from 1798 to 1803, with its capital at Lugano. The canton unified the former Landvogteien of Lugano, Mendrisio, Locarno and Valmaggia. As with the other cantons of the Helvetic Republic, t ...
.


Canton of Lugano

The canton of Lugano unified the former
Landvogtei During the Middle Ages, an (sometimes given as modern English: advocate; German: ; French: ) was an office-holder who was legally delegated to perform some of the secular responsibilities of a major feudal lord, or for an institution such as ...
en of Lugano,
Mendrisio Mendrisio (; lmo, label= Ticinese, Mendris ) is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. Mendrisio is the seat of the Accademia di Architettura of the university of Italian-speaking Switzerland (U ...
,
Locarno , neighboring_municipalities= Ascona, Avegno, Cadenazzo, Cugnasco, Gerra (Verzasca), Gambarogno, Gordola, Lavertezzo, Losone, Minusio, Muralto, Orselina, Tegna, Tenero-Contra , twintowns =* Gagra, Georgia * Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic ...
and Valmaggia. However, as with the other cantons of the Helvetic Republic, the
autonomy In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy, from , ''autonomos'', from αὐτο- ''auto-'' "self" and νόμος ''nomos'', "law", hence when combined understood to mean "one who gives oneself one's ...
of Lugano was very limited, the republic having been founded by Napoleon in order further to centralise power in Switzerland. The canton was led by a
Directory Directory may refer to: * Directory (computing), or folder, a file system structure in which to store computer files * Directory (OpenVMS command) * Directory service, a software application for organizing information about a computer network's u ...
of five members, who appointed a "national
préfet A prefect (french: préfet, plural ''préfets'') in France is the state's representative in a department or region. Subprefects (French: ''sous-préfets'') are responsible for the subdivisions of departments, known as arrondissements. The offic ...
". The canton was deeply divided between "patriots" supporting the
Cisalpine Republic The Cisalpine Republic ( it, Repubblica Cisalpina) was a sister republic of France in Northern Italy that existed from 1797 to 1799, with a second version until 1802. Creation After the Battle of Lodi in May 1796, Napoleon Bonaparte organized t ...
, and traditionalist "
aristocrats Aristocracy (, ) is a form of government that places strength in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class, the aristocrats. The term derives from the el, αριστοκρατία (), meaning 'rule of the best'. At the time of the word' ...
". By 1799 riots broke out in Lugano, and the second préfet, Francesco Capra, fled the town. Power passed to a
provisional government A provisional government, also called an interim government, an emergency government, or a transitional government, is an emergency governmental authority set up to manage a political transition generally in the cases of a newly formed state or f ...
sympathetic to the
Habsburg The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...
s. However, French occupation was restored in 1800. Discontent continued and in early 1802 a revolt in Capriasca led to the autumn ''pronunciamento'' of Pian Povrò, which declared the independence of Lugano from the Helvetic client republic. With the
Act of Mediation The Act of Mediation () was issued by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the French Republic on 19 February 1803 establishing the Swiss Confederation. The act also abolished the previous Helvetic Republic, which had existed since the invasion ...
, the following year, political agitation was finally quelled, as were the struggles between unionists and federalists. The canton of Lugano merged with
Bellinzona Bellinzona ( , , Ticinese ; french: Bellinzone ; german: Bellenz ; rm, Blizuna )is a municipality, a historic Swiss town, and the capital of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The town is famous for its three castles (Castelgrande, Montebell ...
creating the canton of
Ticino Ticino (), sometimes Tessin (), officially the Republic and Canton of Ticino or less formally the Canton of Ticino,, informally ''Canton Ticino'' ; lmo, Canton Tesin ; german: Kanton Tessin ; french: Canton du Tessin ; rm, Chantun dal Tessin . ...
, which endures to the present day.


Lugano in the early 19th century

File:CH-NB-79 vues de la région du Mont-Blanc et de la Suisse-19500-page117.tif, Early 19th century view File:CH-NB - Grafiken Orts- und Landschaftsansichten - GS-GRAF-ANSI-TI-70.tif, View in 1815 File:Zancon, 1823, View of Lugano.jpg, View of Lugano in 1823 File:CH-NB - Lugano, von Süden - Collection Gugelmann - GS-GUGE-TRACHSLER-F-20.tif, Early 19th century view File:Die Gartenlaube (1867) b 525 1.jpg, View of the market in 1867 After 1803, the political municipality of Lugano was created. One of the primary tasks of the new city government was to determine the division of property and authority between the patriziato and the new political municipality. Two agreements between the two organizations, in 1804 and 1810, began this process. In the second half of the 19th century, the political municipality received various properties and rights from the patriziato. Francesco Capra, the préfet during the Helvetic Republic, became the first
mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...
of Lugano from 1803 until 1813. The cantonal constitution of 1814, set Lugano, Bellinzona and Locarno as capitals of the Canton. They each served as the capital in a six-year rotation. Lugano was the capital in 1827–33, 1845–51 and 1863–69. In the 19th century, the city government was dominated by the
Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. __TOC__ Active liberal parties This is a li ...
. In 1900, slightly more than half of the seats on the city council (at the time 50 total members, but 60 members since 2004) were held by Liberals. Most of the rest of the seats were held by either Conservatives or Socialists. The city government initially had eleven members, but in 1908 their number was reduced to five and in 2004 increased to seven. Throughout most of the 20th century, the Liberals held the absolute majority here as well. The rest of the municipal executive posts were held by the Conservatives, the Socialists (1944–48, 1976–80 and since 2000) and the
Ticino League The Ticino League ( it, Lega dei Ticinesi) is a regionalist, national-conservative political party in Switzerland active in the canton of Ticino. The party was founded in 1991 by entrepreneur Giuliano Bignasca and journalist Flavio Maspoli. Af ...
(since 1992). Around 1830 new civic and government buildings began to emerge in Lugano. The town also began to expand into the surrounding hills, along the Cassarate, and toward Molino Nuovo, Paradiso and Castagnola. In 1843–44 the city hall was built on the site of the Bishop's Palace (built in 1346). It housed the cantonal government in 1845–51 and again in 1863–69. Since 1890, it has housed the city government. The promenade was built in stages: first part was in the 1870s, a second in the first decade of the 20th century. In the first decades of the 19th century, the roads that connect Lugano with Bellinzona (1808–12), Ponte Tresa (1808–20) and Chiasso (1810–16) were built. In 1848 the first steamboat on Lake Lugano began to operate, with regular, scheduled service since 1856.


Modernization of the city

File:Lugano, the quay, and San Salvatore, Tessin, Switzerland-LCCN2001703242.jpg, Late 19th century view File:Lugano, on the quay, Tessin, Switzerland-LCCN2001703243.tif, Late 19th century view File:Lugano, the quay, Tessin, Switzerland-LCCN2001703240.jpg, Late 19th century view File:Lugano, and Monte Brè, Tessin, Switzerland-LCCN2001703236.tif, Late 19th century view File:Lugano, from Massagno, Tessin, Switzerland-LCCN2001703235.jpg, Late 19th century view File:Lugano, from San Salvatore, Tessin, Switzerland-LCCN2001703233.jpg, Late 19th century view File:Louis Michel Eilshemius - Street in Lugano - Google Art Project.jpg, View of a street in 1893 File:Panorama van Lugano 929, 930, 931 (serietitel), RP-F-00-243.jpg, Late 19th century panorama File:Hotel Du Parc et Beau-Sejour Lugano Arch Paolito Somazzi 1904-05 FotoWehrli.jpg, Hôtel Du Parc et Beau-Sejour, 1904-1905 File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-07007A, Lugano, Grand Hotel Palace.jpg, Grand Hôtel Palace in 1928 File:Tami Brüder, Brutarchitekt.jpg, Library built in the 1940s The construction of the
Melide causeway The Melide causeway crosses across Lake Lugano in the Swiss canton of Ticino, connecting the communities of Melide and Bissone, and provides the only domestic land connection between the southern section of Ticino, around Mendrisio and Chiass ...
between Melide and Bissone in 1844–47 favored the development of the Chiasso-Bellinzona-Lugano-Gotthard line at the expense of the north–south route along
Lake Maggiore Lake Maggiore (, ; it, Lago Maggiore ; lmo, label=Western Lombard, Lagh Maggior; pms, Lagh Magior; literally 'Greater Lake') or Verbano (; la, Lacus Verbanus) is a large lake located on the south side of the Alps. It is the second largest la ...
. This tendency for development was strengthened further in 1882 with the completion of the
Gotthard railway line The Gotthard railway (german: Gotthardbahn; it, Ferrovia del Gottardo) is the Swiss trans-alpine railway line from northern Switzerland to the canton of Ticino. The line forms a major part of an important international railway link between no ...
. The railway station was built in 1874–77 in Lugano, and transformed it into one of the main links between northern Italy and central and northern Europe, which led to the development of tourism and in general helped the services sector. From the mid-19th century to 1970 the city recorded consistent population growth, especially between 1880 and 1910, when the population more than doubled. This increase was partly due to foreign nationals settling in Lugano (in 1870 18.7% of the population, 1910 43.6%) and people from other language areas of Switzerland (1870 1.4% of the population, 1910 6.9%). In the last three decades of the 20th century, the population fell slightly, despite the merger in 1972, of the municipalities of Castagnola and Brè-Aldesago. This reflected a trend to move away from the center to the suburban communities. However, in 2004 the municipalities of Breganzona, Cureggia, Davesco-Soragno,
Gandria Gandria is both a quarter of the city of Lugano in the Swiss canton of Ticino, and a village on the northern shore of Lake Lugano, which forms the core of that quarter. Until 2004, the quarter of Gandria was an independent municipality, joining w ...
, Pambio-Noranco,
Pazzallo Pazzallo is a quarter of the city of Lugano in the Swiss canton of Ticino. Pazzallo was formerly a municipality of its own, having been incorporated into Lugano in 2004. Pazzallo lies on the slopes of Monte San Salvatore, uphill of the independe ...
,
Pregassona Pregassona is a quarter of the city of Lugano Lugano (, , ; lmo, label=Ticinese dialect, Ticinese, Lugan ) is a city and municipality in Switzerland, part of the Lugano District in the canton of Ticino. It is the largest city of both Ticino and ...
and
Viganello Viganello is a Quarter (country subdivision), quarter of the city of Lugano, Switzerland. Viganello was formerly a municipality of its own, having been incorporated into Lugano in 2004. It was first recorded in 1300 as ''de Viganello''. The munici ...
were incorporated into the municipality. In 2008, they were followed by Barbengo, Carabbia and
Villa Luganese Villa Luganese is a quarter of the city of Lugano Lugano (, , ; lmo, label=Ticinese dialect, Ticinese, Lugan ) is a city and municipality in Switzerland, part of the Lugano District in the canton of Ticino. It is the largest city of both Ticino ...
. This, among other factors, resulted in a doubling of the population to 52,059 in 2006, of which over a third were foreigners. In 2013 the municipalities of Bogno,
Cadro Cadro is quarter of the city of Lugano and a former municipality in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Certara, Cimadera, Valcolla and Sonvico merged ...
, Carona,
Certara Certara is a former Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the district of Lugano (district), Lugano in the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Switz ...
, Cimadera,
Sonvico Sonvico (''Sonvìch'' in the Lombard language) is a quarter of the city of Lugano and former municipality of the Lugano district in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the municipality of Sonvico merged into the municipality of ...
and
Val Colla The Val Colla is a valley and a quarter of the city of Lugano in the Swiss canton of Ticino, to the north-east of the city of Lugano. It includes the localities of Bogno, Valcolla, Certara, Cimadera, Sonvico, which are all part of the city ...
were incorporated into the municipality.


Postwar Lugano

File:Lugano Banca del Gottardo.jpg, Banca del Gottardo designed by
Mario Botta Mario Botta (born 1 April 1943) is a Swiss architect. Career Botta designed his first building, a two-family house at Morbio Superiore in Ticino, at age 16. He graduated from the Università Iuav di Venezia (1969). While the arrangements of spa ...
in the 1980s File:ETH-BIB LBS SR05-090023-33 Edificio Ransila I Lugano 1990.jpg, Edificio Ransila I designed by
Mario Botta Mario Botta (born 1 April 1943) is a Swiss architect. Career Botta designed his first building, a two-family house at Morbio Superiore in Ticino, at age 16. He graduated from the Università Iuav di Venezia (1969). While the arrangements of spa ...
Following the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, and particularly during the 1960s and 70s, thanks to an abundant flow of capital from nearby Italy, Lugano experienced a period of exponential growth in banking activities which led to it placing itself as the third financial centre of Switzerland, with over 100 banking institutions present in the city. Trade, tourism and finance are the mainstays of the local economy. In 2000, nine-tenths of the workers were employed in the services sector, of which three-quarters are commuters, including many cross-border commuters (13% of the working population). Lugano was the host city of the 1956 Eurovision Song Contest, the first ever edition of the contest. In 1975, the Congress Center was built followed in 1978 by the new City Hospital. In 1963 the city acquired the land for the airfield Lugano-Agno, and the first scheduled flights was in 1980. At the beginning of the 21st century they began the Grande Lugano projects, including: the car tunnel Vedeggio-Cassarate, which started in 2005 and connects the A2 motorway with the neighborhood of Cornaredo, the creation of a new Kulturpol on the site of the former Grand Hôtel Palace and a convention and exhibition center in the area of Campo Marzio.


Contemporary Lugano

In June 2011, officials of the Israeli town of
Yehud Yehud ( he, יְהוּד) is a city in the Central District (Israel), Central District of Israel that is part of the joint municipality of Yehud-Monosson. In 2007, the city's population stood at approximately 30,000 people (including Neve Monosson ...
announced they would undertake a massive construction project to replicate Lugano's old square in the center of their town, to reinvigorate commerce and tourism. The replica will be replete with neoclassical columns and colonnades.


Geography and climate


Topology

The municipality Lugano lies at the edge of Lake Lugano ( it, Lago di Lugano or ), which is situated between the lakes
Lago Maggiore Lake Maggiore (, ; it, Lago Maggiore ; lmo, label=Western Lombard, Lagh Maggior; pms, Lagh Magior; literally 'Greater Lake') or Verbano (; la, Lacus Verbanus) is a large lake located on the south side of the Alps. It is the second largest la ...
and
Lago di Como Lake Como ( it, Lago di Como , ; lmo, label=Western Lombard, Lagh de Còmm , ''Cómm'' or ''Cùmm'' ), also known as Lario (; after the la, Larius Lacus), is a lake of glacial origin in Lombardy, Italy. It has an area of , making it the thir ...
, south of the
Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...
. It lies at the heart of the
Sottoceneri The Sottoceneri (''under the Ceneri'', lombard: ''Sotascender'') is the part of the Swiss canton of Ticino that lies to the south of the Monte Ceneri Pass through the Lugano Prealps. It includes the Swiss shore of Lake Lugano, and the cities and ...
, that part of the
canton of Ticino Ticino (), sometimes Tessin (), officially the Republic and Canton of Ticino or less formally the Canton of Ticino,, informally ''Canton Ticino'' ; lmo, Canton Tesin ; german: Kanton Tessin ; french: Canton du Tessin ; rm, Chantun dal Tessin . ...
that lies south of the
Monte Ceneri Pass Monte Ceneri is a mountain pass in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It connects the Magadino Plain and the Vedeggio Valley across the Lugano Prealps at an elevation of above sea level. It provides the most direct route between the cities ...
. The city centre is located on the lake shore just to the west of where the river
Cassarate Cassarate is a village on the northern shore of Lake Lugano __NOTOC__ Lake Lugano ( it, Lago di Lugano or , from la, Ceresius lacus; lmo, Lagh de Lugan) is a glacial lake which is situated on the border between southern Switzerland and northern ...
enters the lake. The city's waterfront forms a crescent around the bay between the
Brè Brè () is a village on the eastern slopes of the mountain of Monte Brè, in the Switzerland, Swiss Ticino, canton of Ticino. Politically the village forms part of the Brè-Aldesago, Brè-Aldesago quarter of the Lugano, city of Lugano, although ...
() and the San Salvatore () mountains. Because of the historical development of the city, incorporating some relatively distant suburbs but leaving other, nearer, suburbs as independent municipalities, the borders of the city are disparate. A large and sparsely populated section of the city is on the east bank of Lake Lugano and separated from the city by that lake. Similarly, the inner-urban but independent municipality of Paradiso is a near-
enclave An enclave is a territory (or a small territory apart of a larger one) that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state or entity. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is sometimes used improperly to deno ...
, totally surrounded as it is by the municipality and the Lake Lugano. Based on the 1997 land survey, the municipality Lugano has a total area of . Of this area, or 10.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 21.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 14.0% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.4% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 9.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.0%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 1.2%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 0.5% is used for growing crops and 9.4% is used for alpine pastures. Almost all the water in the municipality is in lakes.


Climate

Lugano is amongst the warmest places in Switzerland, along with
Locarno , neighboring_municipalities= Ascona, Avegno, Cadenazzo, Cugnasco, Gerra (Verzasca), Gambarogno, Gordola, Lavertezzo, Losone, Minusio, Muralto, Orselina, Tegna, Tenero-Contra , twintowns =* Gagra, Georgia * Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic ...
and
Grono Grono may refer to: Places * Grono, Switzerland, municipality in Graubünden * Mount Grono Other uses * Grono (surname) * Grono.net Grono.net was a social networking service based in Poland. It was referred to as "the Polish equivalent ...
. Lugano has a rare temperate version of a
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
: Cfa) for the latitude, closely bordering on a temperate
oceanic climate An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate, is the humid temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool summers and mild winters ( ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
: Cfb) due to the warmer average being 22 °C (71.6 °F). Although the US
National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization. NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the Nati ...
considers a sea-like climate, the vegetation is from the
subtropics The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics. Geographically part of the temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 35° north and ...
with
deciduous forest In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, aft ...
. It is characterized by relatively mild winters and warm humid summers. It has an average of 98.1 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives of
precipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravitational pull from clouds. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, ice pellets, graupel and hail. ...
. The wettest month is May during which Lugano receives an average of of rain, while the driest month of the year is February with an average of of precipitation over 4.6 days. Located on a plains in southern
Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
and protected by the
Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...
and
lake A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, surrounded by land, and distinct from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, although, like the much large ...
s, the climate is one of the mildest in the country, typical of the
Italian Lakes The Italian Lakes ( it, Grandi laghi prealpini, lit. "great prealpine lakes") are a group of large lakes lying on the south side of the Alps, in the basin of the river Po and the Mediterranean Sea. As their name suggests, they are essentially lo ...
in the Insubrian region. In addition, the precipitation is ample while the deviations of temperature are moderate. Lugano is also one of the sunniest Swiss cities. The greatest precipitates anticipate and succeed much of the summer. Winter freezing temperatures are more common on the night of January (between 27 and 28 days), but the low temperatures remains are rare and do not occur every year. Much of the summer is pleasant, but warm days above 30 °C (86 °F) are not uncommon (average of about 8 days). The highest temperature recorded in Lugano is , recorded in July 1945, with the lowest temperature recorded being , recorded in February 1929.


Politics


Coat of arms

The
blazon In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb ''to blazon'' means to create such a description. The vis ...
of the municipal
coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central ele ...
is Gules, a cross throughout argent, between the upper case serif letters L, V, G and A (respectively in the I, II, III and IV quarters). The coat of arms dates from around 1200. The four letters on the coat of arms are an abbreviation of the name Lugano.


Neighborhoods and circles

The municipality is subdivided into 25
quartieri A (; plural: ) is a territorial subdivision of certain Italian towns. The word derives from (‘fourth’) and was thus properly used only for towns divided into four neighborhoods by the two main roads. It has been later used as a synonymous ...
(neighborhoods) which are grouped into three (cantonal) circles. Quarters 1–9 are the older quarters of the city, which have been added to by successive enlargements of the municipality in 2004, 2008 and 2013; these enlargements involved previously independent municipalities becoming parts of the municipality.


Elections


Cantonal

In the
Grand Council of Ticino The Grand Council of Ticino (Italian: ''Gran Consiglio di Ticino'') is the legislature for the Swiss canton of Ticino. The 90-member council is elected every four years by proportional representation in a single constituency comprising the citiz ...
election, there were a total of 27,557 registered voters in Lugano, of which 15,214 or 55.2% voted. 237 blank ballots and 38 null ballots were cast, leaving 14,939 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the PLR which received 3,680 or 24.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the Lega (with 2,854 or 19.1%), the SSI (with 2,532 or 16.9%) and the PS (with 2,170 or 14.5%). In the
Council of State of Ticino A council is a group of people who come together to consult, deliberate, or make decisions. A council may function as a legislature, especially at a town, city or county/shire level, but most legislative bodies at the state/provincial or natio ...
election, 158 blank ballots and 79 null ballots were cast, leaving 14,980 valid ballots in the election. The most popular party was the Lega which received 3,839 or 25.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were; the PLR (with 3,596 or 24.0%), the PS (with 2,496 or 16.7%) and the SSI (with 2,169 or 14.5%).


National

In the 2019 federal election for the
Swiss National Council The National Council (german: Nationalrat; french: Conseil national; it, Consiglio nazionale; rm, Cussegl naziunal) is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Switzerland, the upper house being the Council of States. With 200 seats, the ...
the most popular party was the Lega which received 20.6% (-5.8) of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the PLR (20.3%, -2), the PPD (14.0%, -1.1), PS (13.9%, -1.3), the UDC (13.2%, -0.2), and the
Green Party A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence. Greens believe that these issues are inherently related to one another as a foundation ...
(11.1%, +7.0). In the federal election a total of 15,639 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.6%. In the 2007 Swiss federal election, 2007 federal election the most popular party was the PLR which received 26.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Lega (19%), the PPD (18.71%) and the PS (17.46%). In the federal election, a total of 11,980 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.8%.


Demographics

Since its union with some surrounding municipalities in 2004 (Breganzona, Cureggia, Davesco-Soragno, Gandria, Pambio-Noranco,
Pazzallo Pazzallo is a quarter of the city of Lugano in the Swiss canton of Ticino. Pazzallo was formerly a municipality of its own, having been incorporated into Lugano in 2004. Pazzallo lies on the slopes of Monte San Salvatore, uphill of the independe ...
,
Pregassona Pregassona is a quarter of the city of Lugano Lugano (, , ; lmo, label=Ticinese dialect, Ticinese, Lugan ) is a city and municipality in Switzerland, part of the Lugano District in the canton of Ticino. It is the largest city of both Ticino and ...
and
Viganello Viganello is a Quarter (country subdivision), quarter of the city of Lugano, Switzerland. Viganello was formerly a municipality of its own, having been incorporated into Lugano in 2004. It was first recorded in 1300 as ''de Viganello''. The munici ...
), 2008 (Barbengo, Carabbia and
Villa Luganese Villa Luganese is a quarter of the city of Lugano Lugano (, , ; lmo, label=Ticinese dialect, Ticinese, Lugan ) is a city and municipality in Switzerland, part of the Lugano District in the canton of Ticino. It is the largest city of both Ticino ...
) and 2013 ( Bogno, Cadro, Carona,
Certara Certara is a former Municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in the district of Lugano (district), Lugano in the Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Switz ...
, Cimadera, Sonvico and
Val Colla The Val Colla is a valley and a quarter of the city of Lugano in the Swiss canton of Ticino, to the north-east of the city of Lugano. It includes the localities of Bogno, Valcolla, Certara, Cimadera, Sonvico, which are all part of the city ...
), Lugano has a population () of and is therefore the canton's largest city. The expansion in 2004 was the second major expansion after the union in 1972 with the municipalities of Brè-Aldesago and Castagnola. , 38.1% of the population do not hold Switzerland, Swiss citizenship and 14,778 or 23.2% of the population was born in Italy. In 2013, among the Swiss population (61.6%, 41,392), 24.3% (16,349) are Luganesi, 21.7% (14,585) from anywhere else in the canton of Ticino, and 15.6% (10,458) from other cantons in Switzerland. The city's economy provides an estimated 38,000 jobs, over a third of which are occupied by cross-border commuters. Business, tourism and finance constitute the backbone of the local economy. In 2000, the tertiary sector offered 90% of all jobs in Lugano, of which 75% were occupied by commuters, many of which commute from neighbouring Italy (approximately 13% of the active working population); in the same year tax revenues reached CHF 104 million, of which CHF 59 million were attributable to the banking sector. The town is Switzerland's third largest Banking in Switzerland, banking centre after Zürich and Geneva. With regards to intercommunal financial equalisation, thanks to its financial strength Lugano contributes significantly to the equalisation fund. The population is Italian-speaking and mainly Catholic Church, Catholic by faith. Lugano is the largest city outside Italy with Italian as official language. Between 1997 and 2007, the population changed at a rate of 6.9%. Most of the population () speaks Italian language, Italian (80.3%), with German language, German being second most common (7.1%) and Serbo-Croatian being third (2.7%).Swiss Federal Statistical Office
accessed 9 January 2011
Of the Swiss national languages (), 20,998 people speak Italian, 1,855 speak German, 597 people speak French language, French, and 39 people speak Romansh language, Romansh. The remainder (3,071 people) speak another language. , the gender distribution of the population was 47.1% male and 52.9% female. The population was made up of 15,457 Swiss men (28.1% of the population), and 10,461 (19.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 19,417 Swiss women (35.3%), and 9,725 (17.7%) non-Swiss women. In there were 318 live births to Swiss citizens and 190 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 351 deaths of Swiss citizens and 92 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 33 while the foreign population increased by 98. There were 7 Swiss men and 3 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 672 non-Swiss men and 556 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 197 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 706 people. This represents a Population growth#Population growth rate, population growth rate of 1.7%. The age distribution, , in Lugano is; 4,666 children or 8.5% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 5,013 teenagers or 9.1% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 6,270 people or 11.4% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 8,267 people or 15.0% are between 30 and 39, 9,113 people or 16.6% are between 40 and 49, and 6,844 people or 12.4% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 6,459 people or 11.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 4,947 people or 9.0% are between 70 and 79, there are 3,481 people or 6.3% who are over 80. the average number of residents per living room was 0.61 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.6 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 19.1% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a Mortgage loan, mortgage or a rent-to-own agreement). , there were 23,168 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2 persons per household. there were 489 single family homes (or 20.6% of the total) out of a total of 2,372 inhabited buildings. There were 214 two family buildings (9.0%) and 1,046 multi-family buildings (44.1%). There were also 623 buildings in the municipality that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose). The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.64%. there were 16,333 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the 3 room apartment of which there were 5,398. There were 1,811 single room apartments and 2,019 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 13,342 apartments (81.7% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 2,485 apartments (15.2%) were seasonally occupied and 506 apartments (3.1%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 3.3 new units per 1000 residents. the average price to rent an average apartment in Lugano was 1073.49 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$860, £480, €690 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 623.12 CHF (US$500, £280, €400), a two-room apartment was about 809.81 CHF (US$650, £360, €520), a three-room apartment was about 1030.53 CHF (US$820, £460, €660) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1890.13 CHF (US$1510, £850, €1210). The average apartment price in Lugano was 96.2% of the national average of 1116 CHF.


Historic population

The population of the original town of Lugano (not including the municipalities added after 1972) is given in this chart: Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) ImageSize = width:1020 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:55000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:5000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:1000 start:0 PlotData= color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1710 from:start till:2320 text:"2,302" bar:1783 from:start till:3761 text:"3,761" bar:1850 from: start till:5939 text:"5,939" bar:1870 from: start till:6836 text:"6,836" bar:1888 from: start till:8185 text:"8,185" bar:1900 from: start till:10847 text:"10,847" bar:1910 from: start till:14988 text:"14,988" bar:1930 from: start till:17672 text:"17,672" bar:1950 from: start till:21448 text:"21,448" bar:1970 from: start till:27121 text:"27,121" bar:1990 from: start till:25334 text:"25,334" bar:2000 from: start till:26560 text:"26,560" bar:2010 from: start till:54667 text:"54,667"


Religion

From the , 18,035 or 67.9% were Catholic, while 1,517 or 5.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. There are 4,714 individuals (or about 17.75% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 2,294 individuals (or about 8.64% of the population) did not answer the question.


Economy

, Lugano had an unemployment rate of 5.59%. , there were 77 people employed in the Primary sector of the economy, primary economic sector and about 28 businesses involved in this sector. 3,520 people were employed in the Secondary sector of the economy, secondary sector and there were 420 businesses in this sector. 33,601 people were employed in the Tertiary sector of the economy, tertiary sector, with 3,877 businesses in this sector. There were 12,191 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 45.9% of the workforce. , there were 28,174 workers who commuted into the municipality and 3,994 workers who commuted away. Lugano is the economic center of the region and draws about 7.1 workers into the municipality for every one leaving. About 12.4% of the workforce coming into Lugano are coming from outside Switzerland, while 1.6% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 15.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 44.6% used a private car. , there were 43 hotels in Lugano with a total of 1,584 rooms and 2,889 beds. The airline Darwin Airline, operating under the brand name Etihad Regional since January 2014, has its head office on the grounds of Lugano Airport in Agno, near Lugano.


Tourism

Lugano is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Switzerland. The city is home to a number of historic buildings and museums, whilst the surrounding area has many natural sights. Both Lake Lugano and the surrounding mountains provide a wide variety of outdoor activities. The area surrounding Lugano is home to over of mountain biking trails, the largest net of trails in Switzerland.


Heritage sites of national significance

There are 17 sites in Lugano that are part of the Swiss Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance, heritage site of national significance. The city of Lugano, the districts of Barbengo, Brè, Gandria and Biogno, and the sites of Cantine di Gandria and Castagnola are all part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites. The heritage sites of national significance include two libraries, the Biblioteca Cantonale and the Biblioteca Salita dei Frati as well as the Swiss National Recording Archives (Fonoteca nazionale svizzera). There were three churches; Cathedral of Saint Lawrence (Lugano), Cathedral of San Lorenzo, Church of Santa Maria degli Angioli and the Church of San Rocco. There were three museums; the , the and the Villa Ciani complex with the 'Museo civico. The cemetery complex at via Trevano is also one of the sites, as is the Radiotelevisione svizzera di lingua italiana (RTSI) Italian-language broadcast facility. The rest of the sites are houses throughout the town. They include the Palazzo civico at piazza della Riforma, the Palazzo e cinema Corso at via Pioda, the Palazzo Riva at via Francesco Soave, the Palazzo Riva at via Massimiliano Magatti, the Palazzo Riva at via Pretorio 7 and Villa Favorita in Castagnola. File:Lugano Cattedrale di San Lorenzo Interno Coro 1.jpg , Cathedral of San Lorenzo File:Santa Maria degli Angioli.jpg , Church of Santa Maria degli Angioli File:Lugano San Rocco.JPG , Church of San Rocco File:Mairie de Lugano (10855973443).jpg, Palazzo Civico or City Hall File:Antonio Ciseri - Bozzetto per l'Ecce Homo.jpg, Sketch of Ecce Homo from MASI (Museo d'arte della Svizzera italiana) File:Lugano - Biblioteca cantonale.jpg, Biblioteca Cantonale File:Villa Favorita Lugano 03.JPG, Villa Favorita in Castagnola


Natural sights

A very popular destination in Lugano is Lake Lugano. The lake is in size, 63% of which is in Switzerland and 37% in Italy. It has an average width of roughly and is nearly at its widest. The maximum depth of the lake is . The water is generally warm with average water temperatures in the summer ranging from to . Several companies provide tourist boat services on the lake. A popular excursion is by boat to the picturesque lakeside village of Gandria. Additionally there are numerous shipyards, water taxis and boat rental sites along the lake, as well as hotels and restaurants that offer moorings. Bathing in the lake is allowed at any of the 50 or so bathing establishments located along the Swiss shores. In addition to the lake, Lugano is surrounded by mountains, which provide a number of opportunities for sports or sightseeing. Two mountains, both providing excellent views over the city and lake, bracket each end of the town's waterfront. Monte Brè (), to the north, is reputedly Switzerland's sunniest spot and is also home to the old village of Brè. Monte San Salvatore (), to the south, has an old church and museum atop its summit. Both mountains are accessible by funicular, funicular railways, which are themselves easily accessible by frequent city bus or by car. Slightly further afield is Monte Generoso (), with a view that encompasses the lakes of Lugano, Lake Como, Como and Lake Maggiore, Maggiore, as well as the
Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...
from the Matterhorn to the Bernina Range, the Lombardy, Lombardy Plains, and, on a clear day, the city of Milan. The summit can be reached by taking either an SNL boat, or a railway train, to Capolago, and changing there onto a rack railway, rack railway train of the Monte Generoso Railway.


Buildings

*Cathedral of Saint Lawrence (Lugano), St. Lawrence Cathedral (9th and 15th century) *St. Mary of the Angels Church (16th century) with the fresco of the Christ's Passion from
Bernardino Luini Bernardino Luini (c. 1480/82 – June 1532) was a north Italian painter from Leonardo's circle during the High Renaissance. Both Luini and Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio were said to have worked with Leonardo directly; he was described as having ...
*Parco civico – Villa Ciani *Piazza della Riforma *Villa Favorita *San Rocco Church


Museums

*LAC (Lugano Art and Culture), the cultural centre dedicated to visual arts, music and performing arts *Museo delle Culture (Museum of Cultures) *MASI (Art Museum of Southern Switzerland) *Foundation Aligi Sassu and Helenita Olivares *Historical Museum *Cantonal Museum on Natural History *Swiss Customs Museum *Municipal Art Museum *Wilhelm Schmid Museum *Hermann Hesse Museum *Alprose Chocolate Museum (Chocoland) *Swiss National Sound Archives


Education and research

In Lugano about 63.7% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory Education in Switzerland#Secondary, upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule, University of Applied Sciences). In Lugano there were a total of 7,931 students (). The Ticino Education in Switzerland, education system provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten and in Lugano there were 1,356 children in kindergarten. The primary school program lasts for five years and includes both a standard school and a special school. In the municipality, 2,280 students attended the standard primary schools and 129 students attended the special school. In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two-year middle school followed by a two-year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four-year program to prepare for higher education. There were 1,932 students in the two-year middle school and 47 in their pre-apprenticeship, while 884 students were in the four-year advanced program. The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college. In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student). There were 492 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 722 who attend part-time. The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields. There were 89 students in the professional program. , there were 3,537 students in Lugano who came from another municipality, while 887 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Lugano is home to 2 libraries. These libraries include; the Biblioteca universitaria di Lugano and the Biblioteca cantonale Lugano. There was a combined total () of 448,811 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 51,740 items were loaned out. The headquarter of the university Università della Svizzera italiana in Lugano includes 5 of its 6 faculties, the Academy of Architecture being based in Mendrisio. The main building, built in 1909, was originally the hospital of Lugano and since 1996 it's home of the university. In the next years, several added buildings enriched the headquarter until the other side of the river, in the comune called Viganello. In fact, the area of the older buildings on the west side of the river is called "West Campus" (or "Campus Ovest" in italian), whereas the newest building (active since 2021) on the other side of the river is called "East Campus" (or "Campus Est" in italian) and it houses both the university USI and the University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland SUPSI. Some of the universities and colleges in Lugano include: *Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI): This Swiss university, translated as "University of Italian Switzerland", which is organised in 6 faculties: the Faculty of Informatics, Faculty of Economics, Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Theology and the Academy of Architecture (which is based in Mendrisio). *Swiss National Supercomputing Centre: an autonomous unit of ETH Zürich that focuses on high-performance computing. *IDSIA, Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA): a non-profit oriented research institute for artificial intelligence, affiliated with both the Università della Svizzera Italiana and SUPSI. *Franklin University Switzerland: an American and Swiss accredited liberal arts college. *The American School In Switzerland: an international secondary school. *SUPSI: University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland.


Transport


Air

Lugano is served by Lugano Airport, in the nearby municipality of Agno. Currently, only Silver Air (Czech Republic), Silver Air operates to Lugano Airport. While there is limited service to Lugano's airport, Milan#Transport, Milan's airports are not that far away and provide access to a greater number of worldwide locations. Milan Malpensa Airport is connected to Lugano by a direct hourly train with a travel time of 1:45h from/to Lugano, or about one hour, 80 km by road.


Railways

Lugano railway station, Lugano's railway station is situated on the historically and concurrently important Gotthard railway line, which links northern Switzerland with Ticino and Italy. Since the inauguration of the Gotthard Base Tunnel, in 2016, and the Ceneri Base Tunnel, in 2020, train connections with cities in Northern Switzerland, such as Zürich, Luzern and Basel, have been improved, with significantly faster services through the base tunnels. Long-distance trains of the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB CFF FFS), together with international trains of Trenitalia, connect Lugano with the cities of northern Switzerland and with Italy. The trains operate under the InterCity and EuroCity brands. Service is provided hourly to Zürich and once every two hours to Basel and
Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
. One train per day operates to each of Bologna, Genoa and Venice. All the above trains operate via the Gotthard and Ceneri base tunnels. Between April and mid October, the tourist oriented Gotthard Panorama Express connects Lugano with Lucerne once a day by train and boat, travelling by train over the historic high-level Gotthard route, and then by boat along the length of Lake Lucerne. Lugano is also served by several lines of regional trains of the Treni Regionali Ticino Lombardia (TILO) network which operate in the canton of Ticino and the north of the Italian region of
Lombardy Lombardy ( it, Lombardia, Lombard language, Lombard: ''Lombardia'' or ''Lumbardia' '') is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in the northern-central part of the country and has a population of about 10 ...
. Line RE80 provides a half-hourly semi-fast service northbound to
Locarno , neighboring_municipalities= Ascona, Avegno, Cadenazzo, Cugnasco, Gerra (Verzasca), Gambarogno, Gordola, Lavertezzo, Losone, Minusio, Muralto, Orselina, Tegna, Tenero-Contra , twintowns =* Gagra, Georgia * Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic ...
and southbound to
Mendrisio Mendrisio (; lmo, label= Ticinese, Mendris ) is a municipality in the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. Mendrisio is the seat of the Accademia di Architettura of the university of Italian-speaking Switzerland (U ...
and Chiasso, with alternate southbound trains continuing to
Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
. Line S10 provides a half-hourly all stations service northbound to
Bellinzona Bellinzona ( , , Ticinese ; french: Bellinzone ; german: Bellenz ; rm, Blizuna )is a municipality, a historic Swiss town, and the capital of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The town is famous for its three castles (Castelgrande, Montebell ...
and Biasca and southbound to Mendrisio and Chiasso, with alternate southbound trains continuing to
Como Como (, ; lmo, Còmm, label=Comasco dialect, Comasco , or ; lat, Novum Comum; rm, Com; french: Côme) is a city and ''comune'' in Lombardy, Italy. It is the administrative capital of the Province of Como. Its proximity to Lake Como and ...
and occasional northbound trains continuing to Airolo. Line S50 provides an hourly service to Milan Malpensa Airport, running coupled to an S10 service between Biasca and Mendrisio. All the above trains use the Ceneri Base Tunnel, but line S90 provides a half-hourly service north to Giubiasco and an hourly service south to Mendrisio serving all the stations over the old high-level Ceneri route. Additionally, the metre gauge ( gauge) Ferrovia Lugano-Ponte Tresa, Lugano-Ponte Tresa Railway (FLP) provides a quarter-hourly service to Agno, Lugano Airport and Ponte Tresa. The service operates as line S60 from its own station adjacent to the main railway station. Lugano is also served by three funicular railways. The Lugano Città–Stazione funicular, Funicolare Città–Stazione, which has recently been renewed, is a short line connecting Lugano railway station to the lower part of the city centre by the lake, whilst the Monte Brè funicular, Funicolare Monte Brè and the Monte San Salvatore funicular, Funicolare Monte San Salvatore ascend nearby hills to vantage points. A fourth funicular, the Lugano degli Angioli funicular, Funicolare degli Angioli, still exists but has not operated since 1986.


Road

Lugano is located along the A2 motorway, a part of the European route E35 that stretches over between Amsterdam and Rome. Like the original railway, the A2 to the nort crosses the Ceneri and Gotthard passes and links Lugano to northern Switzerland and, via Basel, to the German motorway network. To the south it crosses the Swiss-Italian border at Chiasso, linking to the Italian motorway network. The motorway runs to the west and south of the city, using extensive tunnelling to deal with the mountainous landscape. The Trasporti Pubblici Luganesi (TPL) operate frequent inner city buses throughout Lugano and some of its closer neighbours. The Autolinee Regionali Luganesi (ARL) runs buses connecting Lugano with the districts of Davesco, Sonvico and the towns of Canobbio, Lamone and Tesserete, whilst the Società Navigazione del Lago di Lugano (SNL) runs buses to the lakeside districts of Gandria and Campione d'Italia, complementing its boat services to the same locations. TPL, ARL and SNL services operate from the ''Lugano Centro'' bus station. Longer distance buses, as well as some local buses, are operated by PostBus Switzerland, known locally as the ''AutoPostale''. Its ''Palm Express'' service connects Lugano railway station to St. Moritz. Other ''AutoPostale'' buses operate from an underground bus station and ticket office, located at Via Balestra 4 in the centre of Lugano. ASF Autolinee, an Italian bus company, operates an international bus route from Lugano to Menaggio, on the shores of Lake Como.


Shipping

Boats of the Società Navigazione del Lago di Lugano (SNL) provide services on
Lake Lugano __NOTOC__ Lake Lugano ( it, Lago di Lugano or , from la, Ceresius lacus; lmo, Lagh de Lugan) is a glacial lake which is situated on the border between southern Switzerland and northern Italy. The lake, named after the city of Lugano, is situated ...
. Whilst these are principally provided for tourist purposes, they also connect Lugano with other lakeside communities. Several of the landing points are within the sparsely populated section of the municipality that lies on the east side of lake, and have no road access.


Culture

Lugano hosts the Swiss National Sound Archives, responsible for safeguarding the sound heritage of Switzerland. The Palazzo dei Congressi is the performing arts center for Lugano. It is a main venue for the Orchestra della Svizzera Italiana.
The Lugano Festival runs during April and May, followed by the related "Progetto Martha Argerich" in June. Estival Jazz arrives in July. Between July and August there is th
LongLake Festival
one of the greatest urban open air happenings in Switzerland. During one month, the LongLake offers over 300 events in downtown Lugano.
The Blues-to-Bop Festival arrives in late August and early September turns the town into a hive of activity as thousands crowd the streets and piazzas for free open-air concerts. In 1956, the Teatro Kursaal in Lugano hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 1956, first Eurovision Song Contest. The MASI (Museo d'Arte della Svizzera italiana) has two parallel objectives: the conservation and study of the Museum's permanent collection, which is above all made up of works belonging to the 19th and 20th centuries; and the planning and presentation of temporary exhibitions. It focuses on art of the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden (Grigioni in Italian) and present artists from the region on a regular basis. Lugano Arte e Cultura, Lugano Arte e Cultura (LAC) is a cultural centre dedicated to music, visual and performance arts. It opened in 2015. The district of Brè-Aldesago offers its visitors charming corners created by its characteristic stone buildings. The cobble stone streets of the town offer art enthusiasts an artistic path that is very interesting both because of the presence of national and international "names" and the combination of art and the environment.


Sports

Hockey Club Lugano (HCL) plays in the National League (ice hockey), National League (NL), the top tier of Swiss hockey. They play at the Resega arena and have won seven national titles, having participated twice in the IIHF European Champions Cup, European Cup final round and once in the top four final in Euroleague. In 1991, Lugano reached the final of the Spengler Cup and twice reached third place in the IIHF Continental Cup Superfinal. FC Lugano plays in the Swiss Super League. They play at the Stadio Cornaredo and won the Swiss title in 1938, 1941 and 1949 and the Swiss Cup in 1931, 1968 and 1993. The Stadio Cornaredo is the largest stadium in Lugano, with space for 15,000 people. It hosted the Italy-Belgium match at the 1954 FIFA World Cup. According to some sources, Lugano is the smallest city ever to hold a World Cup match. Around the soccer field there is a gravel lane used during athletic contests and that, outside of official match and training hours, can be used by joggers free of charge. Next to the stadium are three small training fields. There are also two artificial grass fields: one for field hockey and one for soccer. There is also a skate park next to the stadium. BC Lugano Tigers (former Basket Club Lugano) plays in the Ligue Nationale de Basketball (Switzerland), Swiss National League A (LNA). They play at the Elvetico gym, won the Swiss Cup in 2011 and have been Swiss LNA Champions in 2000, 2001, 2006 and 2010. Lugano annually hosts the racewalk Gran Premio Città di Lugano Memorial Albisetti and the Ladies Open Lugano, an International level WTA tennis tournament. The city hosted the 1953 and 1996 UCI Road World Championships, as well as the 18th Chess Olympiad. Lugano has traditionally been one of Switzerland's hubs in Water polo. The Società Nuoto Lugano won the :de:Schweizer Meister (Wasserball), Swiss Championship a total of 17 times.


People


People born in Lugano

; Middle Ages * Giovanni Battista Trevano (c.1560–1644) an Italian-speaking architect who worked in Poland as royal architect * Francesco Contin (1585–1654) a Swiss-Italian sculptor and architect * Giovanni Battista Discepoli (1590–1660) was a Swiss-Italian painter of the Baroque period * Gasparo Molo (15??-16??), goldsmith * Karl Konrad von Beroldingen (1624-1706) was Lugano's chancellor and general captain * Carlo Giuseppe Plura (1663–1737) a Swiss-Italian stucco artist and sculptor * Giovanni Maria Fontana (c.1670–after 1712) an Italian-Swiss architect, worked in Russia. * Giacomo Zanetti (c.1696–1735) an Italian master builder and architect * Domenico Reina (1796–1843) opera a Swiss bel canto tenor and composer ; 19th C * Carlo Bossoli (1815–1884) a Swiss-born Italian painter and lithographer of scenes from the Risorgimento * Domenico Giambonini (1868–1956) a Swiss sport shooter, bronze medallist in the 1920 Summer Olympics ; 20th C * Leonardo Conti MD (1900–1945) the Reich Health Leader in Nazi Germany * Romano Amerio (1905–1997) a Catholic theologian * Niccolò Tucci (1908–1999) a short story writer and novelist who wrote in English and Italian * Lauro Amadò (1912–1971) also known as Lajo, a Swiss football player, played 54 games for the Swiss national football team * Mario Agliati (1922–2011) a Swiss-Italian journalist, writer and historian * Mario Comensoli (1922–1993) a Swiss painter of the Realism (arts), realist movement * Sergio Mantegazza (born 1927) a Swiss-Italian businessman, chairman and owner of Group Voyagers, Globus a multinational travel company. * Duilio Arigoni (born 1928) a Swiss chemist, works on the biosynthetic pathways of many organic natural substances * Tito Tettamanti (born 1930) a Swiss lawyer, politician, and entrepreneur * Giulia Daneo Lorimer (1932–2021) Italian violinist and singer * Pietro Balestra (economist), Pietro Balestra (1935–2005) a Swiss economist specializing in econometrics * Franco Ambrosetti (born 1941) a jazz trumpeter, flugelhornist and composer * Christian Giordano (born 1945) a Swiss anthropologist and sociologist * Giorgio Giudici (born 1945) a Swiss architect and politician, Mayor of Lugano 1984–2013 * Romolo Nottaris (born 1946) a Swiss rock climber, mountaineer and author of documentary films * Chiara Banchini (born 1946) Swiss Baroque violinist * Georg Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza (born 1950), manager * Luca Pianca (born 1958) a Swiss musician-lutenist whose specialty is archlute * Diego Fasolis (born 1958) a Swiss classical organist and conductor * Marco Borradori (1959–2021) a Swiss lawyer and politician, Mayor of Lugano 2013–2021 * Mauro Gianetti (born 1964) a Swiss directeur sportif, former professional rider * Gianluca Barilari (born 1964) head coach of the Swiss national basketball team * Carlo Bonzanigo (born 1966) an Italian and Swiss car designer, works for Pininfarina and for Citroen Design. * Hardy Krüger junior (born 1968), German actor * Antonio Esposito (footballer, born 1972), Antonio Esposito (born 1972) is Swiss-Italian former footballer, 320 games * NEVERCREW, Christian Rebecchi (born 1980) a Swiss painter and sculptor of the NEVERCREW artists duo * Alberto Regazzoni (born 1983) a footballer, over 440 games and 3 for the national side


People who lived or died in Lugano

; 19th C * Mikhail Bakunin (1814–1876) a Russian revolutionary anarchist and founder of collectivist anarchism * Enrico Bignami (1844–1921) an Italian merchant and editor of La Plebe (newspaper), La Plebe, a socialist newspaper * Ferdinando Fontana (1850–1919) an Italian journalist, dramatist, poet and committed, passionate socialist * Hans Kundt (1869–1939) a German military officer, the primary military figure of Bolivia * Heinrich Thyssen (1875–1947) a German-Hungarian entrepreneur and art collector * Hermann Hesse (1877–1962), author and philosopher, won the Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize in 1946 * Jurgis Šaulys (1879–1948) a Lithuanian economist, diplomat and politician; one of the twenty signatories to the 1918 Act of Independence of Lithuania * Alfred Neumann (writer), Alfred Neumann (1895–1952) a German writer of novels, stories, poems, plays and films ; 20th C * Rudolf Caracciola (1901–1959), German racing driver * Gustav Fröhlich (1902–1987) a German actor and film director * Ernst Marlier (1875–1948), German pharmaceutical manufacturer who built the Wannsee Villa, venue of the Wannsee Conference. * Mariuccia Medici (1910–2012) an Italian-born Swiss actress on TV and in the theater * Caterina Valente (Born 1931) Italian-French, multilingual singer, guitarist, dancer, and actress. * Mina (Italian singer), Mina (born 1940) (Anna Maria Mazzini) Italian singer * Steve Reid (1944–2010) an American jazz drummer and session drummer for Motown * Robert Palmer (singer), Robert Palmer (1949–2003) an English singer-songwriter, musician and record producer * Behxhet Pacolli (born 1951) former President of Kosovo, businessman with Mabetex Group * Ivo Pogorelić (born 1958) a Croatian pianist IMDb Database
retrieved 1 December 2018
* Johann Sebastian Paetsch (born 1964) an American cellist and musician * Anna Kravtchenko (born 1976) a Ukrainian classical pianist with an international career * Alberto Contador (born 1982), Spanish professional cyclist, winner of the Tour de France, Vuelta a España and Giro d'Italia * Nicole Cooke MBE (born 1983) a Welsh former professional road bicycle racer, Commonwealth, Olympic and World road race champion


See also

*
Canton of Lugano Lugano was the name of a canton of the Helvetic Republic from 1798 to 1803, with its capital at Lugano. The canton unified the former Landvogteien of Lugano, Mendrisio, Locarno and Valmaggia. As with the other cantons of the Helvetic Republic, t ...


References


Further reading

* * * *


External links

*
Lugano TourismLugano Monte Brè
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Lugano Lugano, Cities in Switzerland Lakeside resorts in Switzerland Cultural property of national significance in Ticino Populated places on Lake Lugano