International Congress of Women1915 (22785230005)

This is a list of women pacifists and peace activists by nationality – notable women who are well known for their work in promoting

pacifism Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence. Pacifists generally reject theories of Just War. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaign ...

Introduction

Women have been active in peace movements since at least the 19th century. After the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

broke out in 1914, many women's organizations became involved in peace activities. In 1915, the International Congress of Women in the Hague brought together representatives from women's associations in several countries, leading to the establishment of the

Women's International League for Peace and Freedom The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) is a non-profit non-governmental organization working "to bring together women of different political views and philosophical and religious backgrounds determined to study and make kno ...

.Paull, John (2018
The Women Who Tried to Stop the Great War: The International Congress of Women at The Hague 1915
In A. H. Campbell (Ed.), Global Leadership Initiatives for Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding (pp. 249-266). (Ch.12) Hershey, PA: IGI Global. This in turn led to national chapters which continued their work in the 1920s and 1930s. After the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...

, European women once again became involved in peace initiatives, mainly as a result of the Cold War, while from the 1960s the

Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam a ...

led to renewed interest in the United States.

Armenia

* Lucy Thoumaian (1890–1940) – Armenian women's rights and peace activist.

Australia

* Eva Bacon (1909–1994) – Australian socialist, feminist, pacifist * Doris Blackburn (1889–1970) – Australian social reformer, politician, pacifist *

Helen Caldicott Helen Mary Caldicott (born 7 August 1938) is an Australian physician, author, and anti-nuclear advocate. She founded several associations dedicated to opposing the use of nuclear power, depleted uranium munitions, nuclear weapons, nuclear we ...

(born 1938) – Australian physician,

anti-nuclear The anti-nuclear movement is a social movement that opposes various nuclear technologies. Some direct action groups, environmental movements, and professional organisations have identified themselves with the movement at the local, nationa ...

activist, revived

Physicians for Social Responsibility Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR) is a physician-led organization in the US working to protect the public from the threats of nuclear proliferation, climate change, and environmental toxins. It produces and disseminates publications, p ...

, campaigner against the dangers of radiation *

Margaret Holmes Margaret Joan Holmes (née Read; 24 January 1909 – 10 September 2009) was an Australian peace activist, particularly during the Vietnam War and as part of the Anglican Pacifist Fellowship. She founded the New South Wales branch of the Women' ...

, AM (1909–2009) – Australian activist during the

, member

Anglican Pacifist Fellowship The Anglican Pacifist Fellowship (APF) is a body of people within the Anglican Communion who reject war as a means of solving international disputes, and believe that peace and justice should be sought through non-violent means. Beliefs In 2015, ...

* Isabel Longworth (1881–1961) – Australian dentist and peace activist * Ciaron O'Reilly (born 1960) – Australian pacifist, anti-war activist, Catholic Worker, served prison time in America and Ireland for disarming war material * Nancy Shelley OAM (1926–2010) – Quaker who represented the Australian peace movement at the UN in 1982 *

Barbara Grace Tucker Barbara Grace Tucker is an Australian born peace activist. She is a native of the Melbourne suburb of Glen Waverley and travelled widely before settling in Britain in the early 1980s. She joined the London Parliament Square Peace Campaign of B ...

– Australian peace activist, long time participant of London's

Parliament Square Peace Campaign The Parliament Square Peace Campaign was a peace camp outside the Palace of Westminster in Parliament Square, London, from 2001 to 2013. Activist Brian Haw launched the campaign at the site on 2 June 2001, initially as an around-the-clock prote ...

Jo Vallentine Josephine Vallentine (born 30 May 1946) is an Australian peace activist and politician, a former senator for Western Australia. She entered the Senate on 1 July 1985 after election as a member of the Nuclear Disarmament Party but sat as an ind ...

(born 1946) – Australian politician and peace activist *

Kathleen Deery de Phelps Kathleen Deery de Phelps, better known as Kathy Phelps, (Sydney, 22 November 1908 – Caracas, Venezuela, 21 August 2001) was an Australian born Venezuelan explorer, collector and conservationist. Biography She was born in Sydney to Arthu ...

(1908–2001) – conservationist, philanthropist

Austria

Hildegard Goss-Mayr Hildegard Goss-Mayr (born 22 January 1930, Vienna) is an Austrian nonviolent activist and Christian theologian. Life and commitment Daughter of Kaspar Mayr, founder of the Austrian branch of the International Fellowship of Reconciliation, she studi ...

(born 1930) — Austrian pacifist and theologian *

Yella Hertzka Yella Hertzka (née Fuchs; 4 February 1873 – 13 November 1948) was an Austrian women's rights and peace activist, school director, and music business executive. She began working in women's humanitarian and social improvement projects in 1900. ...

(1873–1948) – Austrian peace and women's rights activist *

Leopoldine Kulka Leopoldine Kulka (31 March 1872 – 2 January 1920) was an Austrian writer and editor. As editor of ''Neues Frauenleben'' she controversially met women from combatant countries at the 1915 Women's conference at the Hague. Life Kulka was born in V ...

(1872–1920) – Austrian writer, editor and pacifist *

Helene Lecher Helene Lecher (; 8 September 1865 – 4 October 1929) was an Austrian women's rights activist and philanthropist. During World War I she served as a nurse and later as a hospital kitchen administrator, establishing nutrition protocols for pati ...

(1865–1929) – Austrian pacifist and philanthropist * Olga Misař (1876–1950) – Austrian peace activist, feminist and writer * Helene Scheu-Riesz (1880–1970), peace activist, children's writer, publisher * Bertha von Suttner (1843–1914) – Czech-Austrian pacifist, first woman Nobel peace laureate

Botswana

* Malebogo Molefhe (born 1980) –

Botswana Botswana (, ), officially the Republic of Botswana ( tn, Lefatshe la Botswana, label= Setswana, ), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalaha ...

n activist against

gender-based violence Gender-related violence or gender-based violence includes any kind of violence directed against people due to their gender or gender identification. Types of gender-related violence include: * Violence against women (sometimes referred to simply a ...

Belgium

* Eugénie Hamer (1865–after 1926) – peace activist, editor and writer * Léonie La Fontaine (1857–1949) – Belgian feminist and pacifist

Bulgaria

* Ekaterina Karavelova (1860–1947) – Bulgarian educator, writer, suffragist, feminist, pacifist

Canada

* Edith Ballantyne (born 1922) – Czech-Canadian peace activist * Christine Ross Barker (1866–1940) – Canadian pacifist and suffragist * Alice Amelia Chown (1866–1949) – Canadian feminist, pacifist and writer *

Muriel Duckworth Muriel Helen Duckworth (née Ball; October 31, 1908 – August 22, 2009) was a Canadian pacifist, feminist, and social and community activist. She was a practising Quaker, a religious denomination committed to non-violence. Duckworth maintain ...

(1908–2009) – Canadian pacifist, feminist and community activist, founder of Nova Scotia Voice of Women for Peace * Mildred Fahrni (1900–1992) – Canadian pacifist, feminist, internationally active in the peace movement *

Ursula Franklin Ursula Martius Franklin (16 September 1921 – 22 July 2016) was a German-Canadian metallurgist, research physicist, author, and educator who taught at the University of Toronto for more than 40 years.Lumley, Elizabeth (editor) (2008), ''Canadi ...

(1921–2016) – German-Canadian scientist, pacifist and feminist, whose research helped end atmospheric nuclear testing *

Rae Luckock Margaret Rae Morrison Luckock (October 15, 1893 – January 24, 1972) known as Rae Luckock was a feminist, social justice activist, peace activist and, with Agnes Macphail, one of the first two women elected to the Legislative Assembly of ...

(1893–1972) – Canadian feminist, peace activist and politician *

Simonne Monet-Chartrand Simonne Monet-Chartrand (November 4, 1919 – January 18, 1993) was a Canadian labor activist, feminist writer, and pacifist. She was an advocate for syndicalist causes and a proponent of women in the labor movement. A co-founder of Concordia Uni ...

(1919–1993) – Canadian women's rights activist, feminist, pacifist *

Alaa Murabit Alaa Murabit M.D ( ar, آلاء المرابط; born 26 October 1989) is a Libyan-Canadian physician, Meritorious Service Cross recipient, one of 17 Global Sustainable Development Goals Advocates appointed by the Secretary-General of the United ...

(born 1989) – Libyan-Canadian

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

and human rights advocate for inclusive peace and security * Harriet Dunlop Prenter (fl. 1921) – Canadian feminist, pacifist *

Setsuko Thurlow , born , is a Japanese–Canadian nuclear disarmament campaigner and Hibakusha who survived the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. She is mostly known throughout the world for being a leading figure of the International Campaign to Abo ...

(born 1932) – Japanese-Canadian non-nuclear weapon activist, figure of

International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (abbreviated to ICAN, pronounced ) is a global civil society coalition working to promote adherence to and full implementation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The camp ...

* Julia Grace Wales (1881–1957) – Canadian academic and pacifist

Chile

* Nicolasa Quintremán (1939-2013) – Chilean Pehuenche activist

Colombia

* Yolanda Becerra (born 1959) – Colombian feminist and peace activist.

Costa Rica

* Olga Bianchi (1924–2015) – feminist, pacifist and women's rights activist

Cyprus

* Katherine Clerides (born 1949) – Cypriot peace activist.

Denmark

Matilde Bajer Pauline Matilde Theodora Bajer (4 January 1840 – 4 March 1934) was a Danish women's rights activist and pacifist. Life Pauline Matilde Theodora Schlüter was born on 4 January 1840 in Frederikseg, Herlufmagle Sogn, Næstved Municipality, Denma ...

(1840–1934) – Danish feminist and peace activists * Henriette Beenfeldt (1878–1949) – radical Danish peace activist * Benny Cederfeld de Simonsen (1865–1952) – Danish peace activist * Henriette Crone (1874–1933) – trade unionist, peace activist and politician *

Thora Daugaard Theodora (Thora) Frederikke Marie Daugaard (22 October 1874 – 28 June 1951) was a Danish women's rights activist, pacifist, editor and translator. In 1915, she attended the International Women's Conference in The Hague, together with Clara Tybj ...

(1874–1951) – Danish feminist, pacifist, journal editor and translator * Henni Forchhammer (1863–1955) – Danish educator, feminist and pacifist * Eline Hansen (1859–1919) – Danish feminist and peace activist *

Estrid Hein Estrid Hein (''née'' Hansen; 27 July 1873 – 25 July 1956) was a Danish ophthalmologist, women's rights activist and pacifist. She practised in Copenhagen from 1898, opening her own clinic in 1906. She was also a prominent figure in the women' ...

(1873–1956) – Danish ophthalmologist, women's rights activist and pacifist * Ellen Hørup (1871–1953) – Danish writer, pacifist and women's rights activist * Johanne Meyer (1838–1915) – pioneering Danish suffragist, pacifist and journal editor * Eva Moltesen (1871–1934) – Finnish-Danish writer and peace activist * Camilla Nielsen (1856–1932) – Danish philanthropist, feminist and peace activist * Louise Nørlund (1854–1919) – Danish feminist and peace activist * Voldborg Ølsgaard (1877–1939) – Danish peace and women's rights activist * Clara Tybjerg (1864–1941) – Danish feminist, peace activist and educator * Louise Wright (1861–1935) – Danish philanthropist, feminist and peace activist * Else Zeuthen (1897–1975) – Danish peace activist, feminist and politician

Finland

Maikki Friberg Maria (Maikki) Elisabeth Friberg (1861–1927) was a Finnish educator, journal editor, suffragist and peace activist. She is remembered for her involvement in the Finnish women's movement, especially as chair of the Finnish women's rights organisa ...

(1861–1927) – Finnish educator, journal editor, suffragist and peace activist. *

Lucina Hagman Lucina Hagman (5 June 1853, Kälviä – 6 September 1946) was an early Finnish feminist and among the first female MPs in the world due to the 1907 Finnish parliamentary election. Life and career Hagman was the daughter of police master Nils Jo ...

(1853–1946) – Finnish feminist, politician, pacifist. * Helena Kekkonen (1926–2014), Finnish peace activist and peace educator.

France

* Marcelle Capy (1891–1962) – French novelist, journalist, pacifist * Bernadette Cattanéo (1899-1963) – French trade unionist, communist activist, newspaper editor, magazine co-founder *

Fanny Clar Clara Fanny Olivier (February 17, 1875, 4th arrondissement of Paris – February 24, 1944), known by her pen name Fanny Clar, was a French journalist and writer, as well as a socialist intellectual (as defined by the French Section of the Workers' ...

(1875-1944) – French journalist and writer * Gabrielle Duchêne (1870–1954) – French feminist and pacifist *

Solange Fernex Solange Fernex (15 April 1934 – 11 September 2006) was a French environmental and pacifist activist and politician. One of the environmental movement's pioneers in Europe, she helped found the French Green Party and was a member of the European ...

(1934–2006) – French peace activist and politician * Suzanne Grinberg (1899–1972) – French lawyer, pacifist, suffragist and writer * France Hamelin (1918–2007) – French artist, peace activist and resistance worker * Germaine Malaterre-Sellier (1889–1967) – French nurse, suffragist and pacifist * Jeanne Mélin (1877–1964) – French pacifist, feminist, writer and politician * Maria Pognon (1844–1925) – French writer, feminist, suffragist and pacifist * Marie-Louise Puech-Milhau (1876–1966) – French pacifist, feminist and journal editor * Colette Reynaud (1872–1965) – French feminist, socialist and pacifist journalist *

Madeleine Vernet Madeleine Vernet (3 September 1878 – 5 October 1949) was a French teacher, writer, libertarian and pacifist. She attacked abuses in the state system of foster homes, where children were often used for their labor. In 1906 she founded ''l'Avenir s ...

(1878–1949) – French educator, writer and pacifist

Germany

Anita Augspurg Anita Theodora Johanna Sophie Augspurg (22 September 1857 – 20 December 1943) was a German jurist, actress, writer, activist of the radical feminist movement and a pacifist. Biography Augspurg was born the youngest daughter of the lawyer ...

(1857–1943) – German lawyer, writer, feminist, pacifist * Gertrud Baer (1890–1981) – German Jewish peace activist, and a founding member of the

Hedwig Dohm Marianne Adelaide Hedwig Dohm (née Schlesinger, later Schleh; 20 September 1831 – 1 June 1919) was a German feminist and author. Family She was born in the Prussian capital Berlin to assimilated Jewish parents, and her father was baptized. ...

(1831–1919) – German feminist, writer, pacifist *

Lida Gustava Heymann Lida Gustava Heymann (15 March 1868 – 31 July 1943) was a Germans, German feminist, pacifist and women's rights activist. Together with her partner Anita Augspurg she was one of the most prominent figures in the bourgeois women's movement ...

(1868–1943) – German feminist, pacifist and women's rights activist *

Petra Kelly Petra Karin Kelly (29 November 1947 – 1 October 1992) was a German Green politician and ecofeminist activist. She was a founding member of the German Green Party, the first Green party to rise to prominence both nationally in Germany and wo ...

(1947–1992) – German politician, feminist, pacifist * Annette Kolb (1870–1967) – German writer and pacifist * Rosa Luxemburg (1871–1919) – German marxist and anti–war activist. * Renate Riemeck (1920–2003) – German historian and Christian peace activist *

Sophie Scholl Sophia Magdalena Scholl (9 May 1921 – 22 February 1943) was a German student and anti-Nazi political activist, active within the White Rose non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany. She was convicted of high treason after having bee ...

(1921–1943) – German Christian pacifist, active in the

White Rose The White Rose (german: Weiße Rose, ) was a Nonviolence, non-violent, intellectual German resistance to Nazism, resistance group in Nazi Germany which was led by five students (and one professor) at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, ...

non-violent resistance movement in Nazi Germany * Margarethe Lenore Selenka (1860–1922) – German zoologist, feminist and pacifist *

Clara Zetkin Clara Zetkin (; ; ''née'' Eißner ; 5 July 1857 – 20 June 1933) was a German Marxist theorist, communist activist, and advocate for women's rights. Until 1917, she was active in the Social Democratic Party of Germany. She then joined the ...

(1857–1933) – German Maxist, feminist and pacifist

Guatemala

* Rigoberta Menchú (born 1959) – Guatemalan indigenous rights, anti-war, co-founder Nobel Women's Initiative, Nobel Peace Prize recipient

Hungary

Vilma Glücklich Vilma Glücklich (1872–1927), was a Hungarian educational reformer, pacifist and women's rights activist. In 1896, she became the first woman in Hungary to receive a degree from the Faculty of Philosophy in the Budapest State University, after ...

(1872–1927) – Hungarian educator, pacifist and women's rights activist *

Rosika Schwimmer Rosika Schwimmer ( hu, Schwimmer Rózsa; 11 September 1877 – 3 August 1948) was a Hungarian-born pacifist, feminist, world federalist, and women's suffragist. A co-founder of the Campaign for World Government with Lola Maverick Lloyd, her ...

(1877–1948) – Hungarian pacifist, feminist and suffragist.

India

Kirthi Jayakumar Kirthi Jayakumar (born 15 December 1987) is a peace educator, a women, peace, and security and feminist foreign policy practitioner, lawyer and writer. She is a Commonwealth Scholar, a Vital Voices (VV) Lead Fellow, a VV Engage Fellow, a Loc ...

(born 1987) – Indian peace activist and gender equality activist, youth peace activist, peace educator and founder of The Red Elephant Foundation * Gurmehar Kaur (born 1996) – Indian student and peace activist *

Mother Teresa Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu, MC (; 26 August 1910 – 5 September 1997), better known as Mother Teresa ( sq, Nënë Tereza), was an Indian-Albanian Catholic nun who, in 1950, founded the Missionaries of Charity. Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu () was ...

(1910–1997) – Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun, missionary, pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize recipient *

Medha Patkar Medha Patkar née Khanolkar (born 1 December 1954) is an Indian social activist and former Politician working on various crucial political and economic issues raised by tribals, dalits, farmers, labourers and women facing injustice in India. She ...

(born 1954) – Indian activist for Tribals and

Dalits Dalit (from sa, दलित, dalita meaning "broken/scattered"), also previously known as untouchable, is the lowest stratum of the castes in India. Dalits were excluded from the four-fold varna system of Hinduism and were seen as forming ...

affected by dam projects *

Manasi Pradhan Manasi Pradhan (born 4 October 1962) is an Indian women's rights activist and author. She is the founder of Honour for Women National Campaign, a nationwide movement to end violence against women in India. In 2014, she was conferred with Rani ...

(born 1962) – Indian activist; founder of Honour for Women National Campaign *

Arundhati Roy Suzanna Arundhati Roy (born 24 November 1961) is an Indian author best known for her novel ''The God of Small Things'' (1997), which won the Booker Prize for Fiction in 1997 and became the best-selling book by a non-expatriate Indian author. S ...

(born 1961) – Indian writer, social critic and peace activist

Iran

Shirin Ebadi Shirin Ebadi ( fa, شيرين عبادى, Širin Ebādi; born 21 June 1947) is an Iranian political activist, lawyer, a former judge and human rights activist and founder of Defenders of Human Rights Center in Iran. On 10 October 2003, Ebadi was ...

(born 1947) – Iranian lawyer, human rights activist, Nobel peace laureate

Iraq

Nadia Murad Nadia Murad Basee Taha (; ar, نادية مراد باسي طه; born 10 March 1993) is an Iraqi Yazidi human rights activist who lives in Germany. In 2014, she was kidnapped from her hometown Kocho and held by the Islamic State for three mon ...

(born 1993) – Iraqi human rights activist, Nobel Prize laureate

Ireland

Caoimhe Butterly Caoimhe Butterly (born 1978) is an Irish human rights campaigner, educator, film-maker and therapist who has spent over twenty years working in humanitarian and social justice contexts in Haiti, Guatemala, Mexico, Palestine, Iraq, Lebanon and w ...

(born 1978) – Irish peace and human rights activist *

Helen Chenevix Helen Sophia Chenevix (13 November 1886 – 4 March 1963) was an Irish suffragist and trade unionist. In 1911, she worked with Louie Bennett to form the Irish Women's Suffrage Federation. The two later founded the Irish Women Workers' Union. Ch ...

(1886–1963) – Irish suffragist, trade unionist, pacifist *

Molly Childers Mary Alden Childers ( Osgood; 14 December 1875– 1 January 1964), known as Molly Childers, was an American-born Irish writer and nationalist. A daughter of Dr Hamilton Osgood and Margaret Cushing Osgood of Beacon Hill, Boston, Massachusetts, ...

(1875–1964) – Irish writer, nationalist, pacifist *

Margaretta D'Arcy Margaretta Ruth D'Arcy (born 14 June 1934, London) is an Irish actress, writer, playwright, and activist. D'Arcy has been a member of Aosdána since its inauguration and is known for addressing Irish nationalism, civil liberties, and women's r ...

(born 1934) – Irish actress, writer and peace activist * Adi Roche (born 1955) – Irish activist, chief executive of the charity

Chernobyl Children International Chernobyl Children International (CCI) is a non-profit, international development, medical, and humanitarian organisation that works with children, families and communities that continue to be affected by the economic outcome of the 1986 Cherno ...

* Lilian Stevenson (1870–1960) – Irish peace activist and historiographer

Israel

Marcia Freedman Marcia Judith Freedman ( he, מרשה פרידמן; née Prince; May 17, 1938 – September 21, 2021) was an American-Israeli activist on behalf of peace, women's rights, and gay rights. In 1969, she immigrated to Israel where she helped establi ...

(born 1938) – American-Israeli peace activist, feminist and supporter of gay rights *

Dahlia Ravikovitch Dahlia Ravikovitch ( he, דליה רביקוביץ'; November 17, 1936 – August 21, 2005) was an Israeli poet, translator, and peace activist. Biography Ravikovitch was born in Ramat Gan on November 27, 1936. She learned to read and write at t ...

(1936–2005) – Israeli poet and peace activist * Hagar Rublev (1954–2000) – Israeli peace activist, founder of

Women in Black Women in Black ( he, נשים בשחור, ''Nashim BeShahor'') is a women's anti-war movement with an estimated 10,000 activists around the world. The first group was formed by Israeli women in Jerusalem in 1988, following the outbreak of the Fi ...

Ada Yonath Ada E. Yonath ( he, עדה יונת, ; born 22 June 1939) is an Israeli crystallographer best known for her pioneering work on the structure of ribosomes. She is the current director of the Helen and Milton A. Kimmelman Center for Biomolecular ...

(born 1939) – Israeli Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2009, pacifist

Italy

* Elisa Agnini Lollini (1858–1922) – pioneering Italian feminist, pacifist, suffragist and politician. * Cora di Brazza (1862-1944) – designer of the peace flag, pacifist. * Alma Dolens (1869–1948) –pacifist, suffragist, journalist * Alaide Gualberta Beccari (1842–1906) – Italian feminist, pacifist and social reformer * Rosa Genoni (1867–1954) – Italian fashion designer, feminist, pacifist. * Linda Malnati (1855–1921) – influential women's rights activist, trade unionist, suffragist, pacifist and writer * Virginia Tango Piatti (1869–1958) – writer and pacifist, WILPF delegate * Graziella Sonnino (born 1884) – feminist and peace activist * Ida Vassalini (1891–1953) – chair of the Milanese WILPF chapter from 1922 to 1927

Ivory Coast

* Aya Virginie Toure – Ivorian peace activist, proponent of non-violent resistance

Japan

* Atsuko Betchaku (1960–2017) – pacifist and educator * Marii Hasegawa (1918–2012) – Japanese peace activist * Raichō Hiratsuka (1886–1971) – Japanese writer, political activist, feminist, pacifist * Tano Jōdai (1886–1982) – Japanese English literature professor, peace activist and university president * Shina Inoue Kan (1899–1982) – Japanese academic, women's rights activist and pacifist * Yosano Akiko (1878–1942) – Japanese writer, feminist, pacifist

Kenya

Wangari Maathai Wangarĩ Muta Maathai (; 1 April 1940 – 25 September 2011) was a Kenyan social, environmental and a political activist and the first African woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. As a beneficiary of the Kennedy Airlift, she studied in the Un ...

(1940–2011) –

Kenya ) , national_anthem = " Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi ...

n environmental activist, Nobel peace laureate

Lebanon

Lydia Canaan Lydia Canaan ( ar, ليديا كنعان) is a Lebanese singer-songwriter and humanitarian activist. Credited as the first internationally successful Lebanese recording artist,Sinclair, David. "Global Music Pulse", ''Billboard'', New York, De ...

– Lebanese singer, first rock star of the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Province), East Thrace (Europ ...

, risked life to perform under military attack in protest of

Lebanese Civil War The Lebanese Civil War ( ar, الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية, translit=Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities a ...

Liberia

* Comfort Freeman – Liberian anti-war activist *

Leymah Gbowee Leymah Roberta Gbowee (born 1 February 1972) is a Liberian peace activist responsible for leading a women's nonviolent peace movement, Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace that helped bring an end to the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003. Her ef ...

(born 1972) – Liberian peace activist, organizer of women's peace movement in Liberia, awarded 2011

Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiolog ...

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (born Ellen Eugenia Johnson, 29 October 1938) is a Liberian politician who served as the 24th president of Liberia from 2006 to 2018. Sirleaf was the first elected female head of state in Africa. Sirleaf was born in Monro ...

(born 1938) – President of Liberia, shared 2011 Nobel Peace Prize with

Tawakkol Karman Tawakkol Abdel-Salam Khalid Karman ( ar, توكل عبد السلام خالد كرمان, Tawakkul 'Abd us-Salām Khalid Karmān; also romanized ''Tawakul'', ''Tawakel''; born 7 February 1979) is a Yemeni Nobel Laureate, journalist, politician ...

and

in recognition of "their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work"

Lithuania

* Gabrielle Radziwill (1877–1968) – Lithuanian pacifist, feminist and League of Nations official

Myanmar

Aung San Suu Kyi Aung San Suu Kyi (; ; born 19 June 1945) is a Burmese politician, diplomat, author, and a 1991 Nobel Peace Prize laureate who served as State Counsellor of Myanmar (equivalent to a prime minister) and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2 ...

(born 1945) – Burmese politician, author, Nobel Peace Prize recipient

Netherlands

* Mia Boissevain (1878–1959) – Dutch zoologist, feminist and pacifist * Suze Groeneweg (1875–1940) – Dutch politician, feminist and pacifist *

Aletta Jacobs Aletta Henriëtte Jacobs (; 9 February 1854 – 10 August 1929) was a Dutch physician and women's suffrage activist. As the first woman officially to attend a Dutch university, she became one of the first female physicians in the Netherlands. I ...

(1854–1929) – Dutch physician, feminist and peace activist * Rosa Manus (1881–1942) – Dutch pacifist and suffragist. *

Adrienne van Melle-Hermans Adrienne Cécile Marie Hermans better known as Adrienne van Melle-Hermans (25 April 1931 – 23 August 2007) was a Dutch peace activist A peace movement is a social movement which seeks to achieve ideals, such as the ending of a particular war ...

(1931–2007) – Dutch peace activist *

Selma Meyer Sara Cato (Selma) Meyer (also Meijer) (Amsterdam, 6 July 1890 – Berlin, 11 February 1941) was a Dutch pacifist, feminist and resistance fighter. Early years and working life She was born into a Jewish family in Amsterdam. Her father was Mori ...

(1890–1941) – Dutch pacifist and resistance fighter of Jewish origin * Cornelia Ramondt-Hirschmann (1871–1957) – Dutch teacher, feminist and pacifist * Titia van der Tuuk (1854–1939) – Dutch feminist and pacifist * Krista van Velzen (born 1974) – Dutch politician, pacifist and antimilitarist *

Mien van Wulfften Palthe Mien van Wulfften Palthe (1 April 1875 – 11 November 1960; Broese van Groenou) was a Dutch feminist and pacifist. As a member of the Vereeniging voor Vrouwenkiesrecht (Society for Women's Suffrage) and Women's International League for Peace an ...

(1875–1960) – Dutch feminist, suffragist and pacifist

New Zealand

* Millicent Baxter (1888–1984) – peace activist * Kate Dewes (born 1954) – disarmament activist, pacifist * Kae Miller (1910–1994) – peace activist, pacifist, mental health advocate. *

Margaret Sievwright Margaret Home Sievwright ( Richardson; 19 March 1844 – 9 March 1905) was a New Zealand feminist, political activist and community leader. She was particularly active in the temperance and suffrage movements, and became president of the Natio ...

(1844–1905) – feminist, peace activist *

Miriam Soljak Miriam Bridelia Soljak (; 15 June 1879 – 28 March 1971) was a pioneering New Zealand feminist, communist, unemployed rights activist and supporter of family planning efforts. Born in Thames, New Zealand, she was raised as a Catholic and studie ...

(1879–1971) – New Zealand feminist, rights activist and pacifist

Norway

* Elise M. Boulding (1920–2010) – Norwegian-born American sociologist, specialising in academic peace research * Gunhild Emanuelsen (1914–2006) – pacifist, women's rights activist *

Ingrid Fiskaa Ingrid Fiskaa (born 16 April 1977) is a Norwegian activist and politician for the Socialist Left Party. Political career Early career She was the leader of the Socialist Youth from 2002 to 2004, and also a central committee member of the Soci ...

(born 1977) – Norwegian politician and peace activist * Louise Keilhau (1860–1927) – peace activist, educator *

Martha Larsen Jahn Martha Emily Larsen Jahn (17 April 1875 – 2 August 1954) was a Norwegian peace and women's activist. She was born in Oslo, Christiania as a daughter of wholesaler Christian Larsen (1842–1905) and Sanda Plate (1851–1879). In April 1911 she ...

(1875–1954) – Norwegian peace activist and feminist * Louise Keilhau (1860–1927) – Norwegian teacher and pacifist *

Sigrid Helliesen Lund Sigrid Helliesen Lund (23 February 1892 – 8 December 1987) was a Norwegian peace activist, noted for her humanitarian efforts throughout most of the 20th century, and in particular her resistance to the occupation of Norway during World War ...

(1892–1987) – Norwegian peace activist * Guri Tambs-Lyche (1917–2008) – Norwegian women's rights activist and pacifist * Ida Wedel-Jarlsberg (1855–1929) – peace activist, feminist, artist

Pakistan

Malala Yousafzai Malala Yousafzai ( ur, , , pronunciation: ; born 12 July 1997), is a Pakistani female education activist and the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. Awarded when she was 17, she is the world's youngest Nobel Prize laureate, and the second P ...

(born 1997) – Pakistani education activist, Nobel Prize laureate

Palau

* Gabriela Ngirmang (1922–2007) – Palauan peace and anti-nuclear activist

Serbia

Zorica Jevremović Zorica Jevremović (in 1970s: Jevremović-Munitić; ; born 22 August 1948 in Ražanj, Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia) is a Serbian theatre and video director, playwright, choreographer, intermedia theorist (film, television, animated film, comic strip), l ...

(born 1948) – Serbian playwright, theatre director, peace activist *

Nataša Kandić Nataša Kandić ( sr-cyr, Наташа Кандић; born December 16, 1946) is a Serbian human rights activist and coordinator of the RECOM Reconciliation Network, founder and ex-executive director of the Humanitarian Law Center (HLC), an organi ...

(born 1946) – human rights and anti-war activist * Lepa Mladjenovic (born 1954) – anti-war activist, feminist

South Africa

Elizabeth Maria Molteno Elizabeth Maria Molteno (24 September 1852 – 25 August 1927), was an early South African British activist for civil and women's rights in South Africa. Early life Elizabeth was born into an influential Cape family of Italian origin. She was ...

(1852–1927) – women's rights and peace activist *

Olive Schreiner Olive Schreiner (24 March 1855 – 11 December 1920) was a South African author, anti-war campaigner and intellectual. She is best remembered today for her novel ''The Story of an African Farm'' (1883), which has been highly acclaimed. It deal ...

(1855–1920) – writer and anti-war campaigner *

Julia Solly Julia Frances Solly (née Muspratt; 21 December 1862 – 1953) was a British suffragist, feminist and temperance activist. After her marriage, she moved to South Africa, where she became one of the most recognisable feminists in the Cape Colony. ...

(1862–1953) – British-born South African suffragist, feminist, pacifist

Spain

* Carmen Magallón (born 1951) – Spanish physicist, pacifist, conducting research in support of women's advancement in science and peace * Concepción Picciotto (1936–2016) – Spanish-born

and anti-war protester, White House Peace Vigil

Sweden

Andrea Andreen Ellenor Andrea Andreen (1888–1972) was a Swedish physician, pacifist and feminist. As a physician, she specialized in the treatment of diabetes, combining dietary restrictions with insulin. A prominent figure in the Swedish women's movement, she ...

(1888–1972) – Swedish physician, pacifist and feminist * Sonja Branting-Westerståhl (1890–1981) – Swedish lawyer and politician. * Emilia Broomé (1866–1925) – Swedish politician, feminist and peace activist * Siri Derkert (1888–1973) – Swedish artist, pacifist and feminist * Greta Engkvist (1893–1990) – Swedish peace activist and educator * Beatrice Fihn (born 1982) – Swedish anti-nuclear activist, chairperson of

Ann-Margret Holmgren Anna Margareta "Ann-Margret" Holmgren, ( née Tersmeden; 17February 185012October 1940), was a Swedish author, feminist, suffragist, and pacifist. Life She was born at Hässle Manor in Uppland, Sweden. She was the daughter of Baroness Aug ...

(1850–1940) – Swedish writer, feminist and pacifist *

Anna Kleman Anna Kleman at the International Congress of Women in 1915 Anna Sofia Kleman (1862–1940) was a Swedish insurance officer and feminist. She is remembered for her work as a women's rights activist and pacifist, especially in regard to voting right ...

(1862–1940) – Swedish suffragist and peace activist * Elisabeth Krey-Lange (1878–1965) – journalist, women's rights activist and pacifist *

Agda Montelius Agda Georgina Dorothea Alexandra Montelius née ''Reuterskiöld'' (23 April 1850 – 27 October 1920) was a Swedish philanthropist and feminist. She was a leading figure of the Swedish philanthropy, active for the struggle of women's suffrage, a ...

(1850–1920) – Swedish philanthropist, feminist, peace activist *

Alva Myrdal Alva Myrdal ( , ; née Reimer; 31 January 1902 – 1 February 1986) was a Swedish sociologist, diplomat and politician. She was a prominent leader of the disarmament movement. She, along with Alfonso García Robles, received the Nobel Peace ...

(1902–1986) – Swedish sociologist, politician, pacifist, Nobel Peace Prize recipient * Anna T. Nilsson (1869–1947), educator, peace activist * Vera Nilsson (1888–1979), painter and peace activist * Betty Olsson (1871–1950), suffragist and peace activist * Rosalinde von Ossietzky-Palm (1919–2000), German-born Nazi emigrant and pacifist * Ellen Palmstierna (1869–1941), Swedish women's rights and peace activist * Annika Söder (born 1955), Swedish politician, diplomat and pacifist * Gunhild Tegen (1889–1970), writer, translator, pacifist * Matilda Widegren (1863–1938), educator and committed peace activist

Switzerland

* Élisabeth Decrey Warner (born 1953) – Swiss peace activist, founder of

Geneva Call Geneva Call is a non-governmental organization based in Geneva, Switzerland. It is currently focusing its efforts on banning the use of anti-personnel mines, protecting children from the effects of armed conflict, prohibiting sexual violence in ar ...

* Laurence Deonna (born 1937) – writer and peace activist * Marguerite Gobat (1870–1937) – Swiss editor, teacher and pacifist * Idy Hegnauer (1909–2006) – Swiss nurse and peace activist * Émilie de Morsier (1843–1896) – Swiss feminist, pacifist and abolitionist * Clara Ragaz (1874–1957) – Swiss pacifist and feminist. *

Elisabeth Rotten Elisabeth Friederike Rotten (15 February 1882, Berlin - 2 May 1964) was a Quaker peace activist and educational progressive. Life As daughter to the Swiss couple Moritz and Luise Rotten, she attended the "höhere Mädchenschule Luisenschule" d ...

(1882–1964) – German-born Swiss peace activist and education reformer * Annelise Rüegg (1879–1934) – pacifist, communist and writer * Helene Stähelin (1891–1970) – mathematician, peace activist * Camille Vidart (1854–1930) – educator, women's rights activist and pacifist

United Kingdom

* Ruth Adler (1944–1994) – feminist, and human rights campaigner in Scotland *

Pat Arrowsmith Pat Arrowsmith (born 2 March 1930) has been a prolific English author and peace campaigner. She was a co-founder of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in 1957. Early life Arrowsmith was born into a clerical family in Leamington Spa as the you ...

(born 1930) – British author and peace campaigner *

Margaret Ashton Margaret Ashton (19 January 1856 – 15 October 1937) was an English suffragist, local politician, pacifist and philanthropist, and the first woman City Councillor for Manchester. Career Margaret Ashton was the first woman to run for election t ...

(1856–1937) – British suffragist, local politician, pacifist * Meg Beresford (born 1937) – British activist,

European Nuclear Disarmament European Nuclear Disarmament (END) was a Europe-wide movement for a "nuclear-free Europe from Poland to Portugal” that put on annual European Nuclear Disarmament conventions from 1982 to 1991. Origins The founding statement of END was the Eur ...

movement * Janet Bloomfield (1953–2007) – British peace and disarmament campaigner, chair of the

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) is an organisation that advocates unilateral nuclear disarmament by the United Kingdom, international nuclear disarmament and tighter international arms regulation through agreements such as the Nuc ...

* Brigid Brophy (1929–1995) – British novelist, feminist, pacifist *

Vera Brittain Vera Mary Brittain (29 December 1893 – 29 March 1970) was an English Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) nurse, writer, feminist, socialist and pacifist. Her best-selling 1933 memoir '' Testament of Youth'' recounted her experiences during the Fir ...

(1893–1970) – British writer, pacifist * April Carter (born 1937) – British peace activist, researcher, editor *

Ada Nield Chew Ada Nield Chew (28 January 1870 – 27 December 1945) was a campaigning socialist and a British suffragist. Her name is on the plinth of Millicent Fawcett's statue in Parliament Square, London. Life Nield was born on a White Hall Farm, Talk ...

(1870–1945) – British suffragist and pacifist *

Helena Cobban Helena Cobban (born 1952) is a British-American writer and researcher on international relations, with special interests in the Middle East, the international system, and transitional justice. She is a non-resident Senior fellow at the Washingt ...

(born 1952) – British peace activist, journalist, author *

Kathleen Courtney Dame Kathleen D'Olier Courtney, DBE ( – ) was a leader in the suffragist movement in the United Kingdom. Life Kathleen D'Olier Courtney was born the youngest of five daughters and the fifth of seven children of Lieutenant (later Major) David ...

(1878–1974) – British suffragist and pacifist *

Helen Crawfurd Helen Crawfurd ( Jack, later Anderson; 9 November 1877 – 18 April 1954) was a Scottish suffragette, rent strike organiser, Communist activist and politician. Born in Glasgow, she was brought up there and in London. Biography Born Helen Jack ...

(1877–1954) – Scottish suffragette, Communist activist and pacifist *

Agnes Dollan Agnes Johnston Dollan Order of the British Empire, MBE ( Moir; 16 August 1887 – 16 July 1966), also known as Agnes, Lady Dollan, was a Scottish suffragette and political activist. She was a leading campaigner during the Glasgow rent st ...

(1887–1966) – Scottish suffragette, political activist and pacifist * Peggy Duff (1910–1981) – British peace activist, socialist, founder and first General Secretary of

CND The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) is an organisation that advocates unilateral nuclear disarmament by the United Kingdom, international nuclear disarmament and tighter international arms regulation through agreements such as the Nucle ...

* Diana Francis (born 1944) – British peace activist and scholar, former president of the

International Fellowship of Reconciliation The International Fellowship of Reconciliation (IFOR) is a non-governmental organization founded in 1914 in response to the horrors of war in Europe. Today IFOR counts 71 branches, groups and affiliates in 48 countries on all continents. IFOR me ...

Margaret Hills Margaret Hills (née Robertson 1882 – 1967) was a British teacher, suffragist organiser, feminist and socialist. She was first female councillor on Stroud Urban District Council and later served as a Councillor on Gloucestershire County Counci ...

(1882–1967) – British educator, suffragist, feminist and pacifist *

Emily Hobhouse Emily Hobhouse (9 April 1860 – 8 June 1926) was a British welfare campaigner, anti-war activist, and pacifist. She is primarily remembered for bringing to the attention of the British public, and working to change, the deprived conditions in ...

(1860–1926) – British welfare campaigner *

Kate Hudson Kate Garry Hudson (born April 19, 1979) is an American actress and businesswoman. She has received numerous awards and nominations, including a Golden Globe Award, a Critics' Choice Movie Award and a Satellite Award, as well as nominations f ...

(born 1958) – British left-wing political activist and academic; General Secretary of the

(CND) and National Secretary of Left Unity; officer of the

Stop the War Coalition The Stop the War Coalition (StWC), informally known simply as Stop the War, is a British group established on 21 September 2001, shortly after the September 11 attacks, to campaign against what it believes are unjust wars. The Coalition has c ...

since 2002 * Kathleen Innes (1883–1967) – British educator, writer, pacifist * Helen John – British activist, one of the first full-time members of the

Greenham Common peace camp Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp was a series of protest camps established to protest against nuclear weapons being placed at RAF Greenham Common in Berkshire, England. The camp began on 5 September 1981 after a Welsh group, Women for Life ...

* Muriel Lester (1885–1968) – British social reformer, pacifist and nonconformist; Ambassador and Secretary for the

; co-founder of the

Kingsley Hall Kingsley Hall is a community centre, in Powis Road, Bromley-by-Bow in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, East End of London. It dates back to the work of Doris and Muriel Lester, who had a nursery school in nearby Bruce Road. Their brother, ...

Chrystal Macmillan Jessie Chrystal Macmillan (13 June 1872 – 21 September 1937) was a suffragist, peace activist, barrister, feminist and the first female science graduate from the University of Edinburgh as well as that institution's first female honours gradu ...

(1872–1937) – Scottish politician, feminist, pacifist *

Mairead Maguire Mairead MaguireFairmichael, p. 28: "Mairead Corrigan, now Mairead Maguire, married her former brother-in-law, Jackie Maguire, and they have two children of their own as well as three by Jackie's previous marriage to Ann Maguire." (born 27 Januar ...

(born 1944) – Northern Ireland peace movement, Nobel peace laureate * Sybil Morrison (1893–1984) – British pacifist active in the

Peace Pledge Union The Peace Pledge Union (PPU) is a non-governmental organisation that promotes pacifism, based in the United Kingdom. Its members are signatories to the following pledge: "War is a crime against humanity. I renounce war, and am therefore determin ...

Marian Cripps, Baroness Parmoor Marian Emily Cripps, Baroness Parmoor (née Ellis; 6 January 1878 – 6 July 1952) was a British anti-war activist. Early life and wartime activities Marian Ellis was born in Nottingham, one of twin daughters of Quaker and radical parents, th ...

(1878–1952) – British anti-war activist *

Priscilla Hannah Peckover Priscilla Hannah Peckover (27 October 1833 – 8 September 1931) was an English Quaker, pacifist and linguist from a prosperous banking family. After helping to raise the three daughters of her widowed brother, in her forties she became involve ...

(1833–1931) – English pacifist, nominated four times for the Nobel Peace Prize * Lindis Percy (born 1941) – British nurse, midwife, pacifist, founder of the Campaign for the Accountability of American Bases (CAAB) * Madeleine Rees (fl. from 1990s) – British lawyer, human right and peace proponent *

Ellen Robinson Ellen Robinson (14 March 1840 – 6 March 1912) was a British teacher, Quaker minister, feminist and peace activist. She founded the Liverpool and Birkenhead Women's Peace and Arbitration Society (LBWPAS) and served on the council of the Interna ...

(1840–1912) – British peace campaigner * Ada Salter (1866–1942) – English Quaker, pacifist, a founding member of

Molly Scott Cato Sarah Margaret "Molly" Scott Cato (born 21 May 1963) is a British Green politician, economist and activist. She served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for South West England from 2014 to 2020. From 2012, until her election as an M ...

(born 1963) – British green economist, Green Party politician, pacifist and anti-nuclear campaigner * Mary Sheepshanks (1872–1960) – British pacifist, feminist, journalist and social worker * Myrtle Solomon (1921–1987) – British General Secretary of the

and Chair of

War Resisters International War Resisters' International (WRI), headquartered in London, is an international anti-war organisation with members and affiliates in over 30 countries. History ''War Resisters' International'' was founded in Bilthoven, Netherlands in 1921 unde ...

* Frances Benedict Stewart (fl. 1920s–1950s) – Chilean-born American sociologist, pacifist, feminist and Bahá'í pioneer * Ada Salter (1866–1942) – English Quaker, pacifist, a founding member of

Ethel Snowden Ethel Snowden, Viscountess Snowden (born Ethel Annakin; 8 September 1881 – 22 February 1951), was a British socialist, human rights activist, and feminist politician. From a middle-class background, she became a Christian Socialist thro ...

(1881–1951) – British socialist, human rights activist, feminist politician and pacifist * Sophia Sturge (1849–1936) – British Quaker, social reformer, and pacifist *

Helena Swanwick Helena Maria Lucy Swanwick CH (née Sickert; 30 January 1864 – 16 November 1939) was a British feminist and pacifist. Her autobiography, ''I Have Been Young'' (1935), gives a remarkable account of the non-militant women's suffrage campaign ...

(1864–1939) – British feminist and pacifist * Kathleen Tacchi-Morris (1899–1993) – British dancer, founder of Women for World Disarmament *

Helen Thomas Helen Amelia Thomas (August 4, 1920 – July 20, 2013) was an American reporter and author, and a long serving member of the White House press corps. She covered the White House during the administrations of ten U.S. presidents—from th ...

(1966–1989) – Welsh peace activist, died at

Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp was a series of protest camps established to protest against nuclear weapons being placed at RAF Greenham Common in Berkshire, England. The camp began on 5 September 1981 after a Welsh group, Women for Life ...

* Sybil Thorndike (1882–1976) – British actress and pacifist; member of the Peace Pledge Union who gave readings for its benefit *

Evelyn Underhill Evelyn Underhill (6 December 1875 – 15 June 1941) was an English Anglo-Catholic writer and pacifist known for her numerous works on religion and spiritual practice, in particular Christian mysticism. Her best-known is ''Mysticism'', published ...

(1875–1941) – English

Anglo-Catholic Anglo-Catholicism comprises beliefs and practices that emphasise the Catholic heritage and identity of the various Anglican churches. The term was coined in the early 19th century, although movements emphasising the Catholic nature of Anglica ...

writer and pacifist * Betty Williams (born 1943) – Northern Irish pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1976 * Lilian Wolfe (1875–1974) – British anarchist, pacifist, feminist *

Angie Zelter Angie Zelter (born 5 June 1951) is a British activist and the founder of a number of international campaign groups, including ''Trident Ploughshares'' and the ''International Women's Peace Service''. Zelter is known for non-violent direct action ...

(born 1951) – British anti-war and anti-nuclear activist, co-founder of

Trident Ploughshares Trident Ploughshares (originally named Trident Ploughshares 2000) is an activist anti-nuclear weapons group, founded in 1998 with the aim of ''"beating swords into ploughshares"'' (taken from the Book of Isaiah). This is specifically by attempting ...

United States

Bella Abzug Bella Savitzky Abzug (July 24, 1920 – March 31, 1998), nicknamed "Battling Bella", was an American lawyer, politician, social activist, and a leader in the women's movement. In 1971, Abzug joined other leading feminists such as Gloria Steine ...

(1920–1998) – American lawyer, politician, social activist and pacifist *

Jane Addams Laura Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 May 21, 1935) was an American settlement activist, reformer, social worker, sociologist, public administrator, and author. She was an important leader in the history of social work and women's suffrage ...

(1860–1935) – American, national chairman of

Woman's Peace Party The Woman's Peace Party (WPP) was an American pacifist and feminist organization formally established in January 1915 in response to World War I. The organization is remembered as the first American peace organization to make use of direct acti ...

, president of

, and 1931 Nobel peace laureate. *

Fannie Fern Andrews Fannie Fern Andrews (Phillips) (1867–1950) was an American lecturer, teacher, social worker, and writer. Biography Fannie Fern and Frank Edward Phillips were twins, born on 25 September 1867 at Middleton, Annapolis (Nova Scotia) to Anni ...

(1867–1950) – American educator, writer, social worker and pacifist *

Joan Baez Joan Chandos Baez (; born January 9, 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and activist. Her contemporary folk music often includes songs of protest and social justice. Baez has performed publicly for over 60 years, releasing more ...

(born 1941) – prominent American anti-war protester, inspirational singer *

Ella Baker Ella Josephine Baker (December 13, 1903 – December 13, 1986) was an African-American civil rights and human rights activist. She was a largely behind-the-scenes organizer whose career spanned more than five decades. In New York City and t ...

(1903–1986) – African-American civil rights activist, feminist, pacifist *

Emily Greene Balch Emily Greene Balch (January 8, 1867 – January 9, 1961) was an American economist, sociologist and pacifist. Balch combined an academic career at Wellesley College with a long-standing interest in social issues such as poverty, child labor ...

(1867–1961) – American pacifist, leader of

, and 1946 Nobel peace laureate *

Medea Benjamin Medea Benjamin (born Susan Benjamin; September 10, 1952) is an American political activist who was the co-founder of Code Pink with Jodie Evans and others.

(born 1952) – American author, organizer, co-founder of the anti-militarist

Code Pink Code Pink: Women for Peace (often stylized as CODEPINK) is a left-wing internationally active non-governmental organization that describes itself as a "grassroots peace and social justice movement working to end U.S.-funded wars and occupations, ...

* Norma Elizabeth Boyd (1888–1985) – African American politically active educator, children's rights proponent, pacifist * Heloise Brainerd (1881–1869) – American women activist, pacifist *

Sophonisba Breckinridge Sophonisba Preston Breckinridge (April 1, 1866 – July 30, 1948) was an American activist, Progressive Era social reformer, social scientist and innovator in higher education. She was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in political science and ...

(1866–1948) – American educator, social reformer, pacifist *

Olympia Brown Olympia Brown (January 5, 1835 – October 23, 1926) was an American minister and suffragist. She was the first woman to be ordained as clergy with the consent of her denomination. Brown was also an articulate advocate for women's rights and one ...

(1835–1926) – American theologist, suffragist, pacifist * Gertrude C. Bussey (1888–1961) – American philosopher, peace activist *

Joan Chittister Joan Daugherty Chittister, (born April 26, 1936), is an American Benedictine nun, theologian, author, and speaker. She has served as Benedictine prioress and Benedictine federation president, president of the Leadership Conference of Women Relig ...

(born 1936) – American Benedictine nun, prioress, writer, pacifist, co-chair of the Global Peace Initiative of Women * Judy Collins (born 1939) – inspirational American anti-war singer-songwriter, protester * Rachel Corrie (1979–2003) – American activist for Palestinian human rights * Frances Crowe (born 1919) – American pacifist,

power activist, draft counselor supporting conscientious objectors *

Dorothy Day Dorothy Day (November 8, 1897 – November 29, 1980) was an American journalist, social activist and anarchist who, after a bohemian youth, became a Catholic without abandoning her social and anarchist activism. She was perhaps the best-known ...

(1897–1980) – American journalist, social activist, and co-founder of the

Catholic Worker ''Catholic Worker'' is a newspaper published seven times a year by the flagship Catholic Worker community in New York City. The newspaper was started by Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin to make people aware of church teaching on social justice. His ...

movement * Dorothy Detzer (1893–1981) – American feminist, peace activist, U.S. secretary of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom *

Amanda Deyo Amanda Deyo (October 24, 1838 – November 1, 1917) was an American Universalist minister, pacifist, and correspondent. She was also a founder of women's right societies. Early years and education Julia Amanda Halstead was born in Clinton, Dutche ...

(1838–1917) – American Universalist minister, peace activist, correspondent * Mary Dingman (1875–1961) – American social and peace activist *

Roberta Dunbar Roberta Johnson Dunbar (died November 1, 1956) was an American clubwoman and peace activist based in Rhode Island. Her first name is sometimes written "Reberta" in sources.Frank Lincoln Mather''Who's Who of the Colored Race''(Chicago 1915): 96-97. ...

(died 1956) – American clubwoman and peace activist *

Crystal Eastman Crystal Catherine Eastman (June 25, 1881 – July 28, 1928) was an American lawyer, antimilitarist, feminist, socialist, and journalist. She is best remembered as a leader in the fight for women's suffrage, as a co-founder and co-editor with h ...

(1881–1928) – American lawyer, suffragist, pacifist, journalist * Cynthia Enloe (born 1938) – American writer and feminist peace theorist * Hedy Epstein (1924–2016) – Jewish-American antiwar activist, escaped Nazi Germany on the

Kindertransport The ''Kindertransport'' (German for "children's transport") was an organised rescue effort of children (but not their parents) from Nazi-controlled territory that took place during the nine months prior to the outbreak of the Second World ...

; active in opposition to Israeli military policies *

Jodie Evans Jodie Evans (born September 22, 1954) is an American political activist, author, and documentary film producer. Evans served in the cabinet of California Governor Jerry Brown and managed his 1992 campaign for the presidency. Evans co-founded the ...

(born 1954) – American political activist, co-founder of

, filmmaker * Genevieve Fiore (1912–2002) – American women's rights and peace activist * Jane Fonda (born 1937) – American anti-war protester, actress * Elisabeth Freeman (1876–1942) – American suffragist, civil rights activist and pacifist * Emma Goldman (1869–1940) – Russian/American activist imprisoned in the U.S. for opposition to World War I *

Amy Goodman Amy Goodman (born April 13, 1957) is an American broadcast journalist, syndicated columnist, investigative reporter, and author. Her investigative journalism career includes coverage of the East Timor independence movement, Morocco's occupation ...

(born 1957) – American journalist, host of ''

Democracy Now! ''Democracy Now!'' is an hour-long American TV, radio, and Internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman (who also acts as the show's executive producer), Juan González, and Nermeen Shaikh. The show, which airs live each weekday at ...

'' *

Alice Hamilton Alice Hamilton (February 27, 1869Corn, JHamilton, Alice''American National Biography'' – September 22, 1970) was an American physician, research scientist, and author. She was a leading expert in the field of occupational health and a pioneer ...

(1869–1970) – American physician, toxicologist, humanitarian and peace activist * Judith Hand (born 1940) – American biologist, pioneer of peace

ethology Ethology is the scientific study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. Behaviourism as a term also describes the scientific and objecti ...

* Florence Jaffray Harriman (1870–1967) – American suffragist, social reformer, pacifist and diplomat * Erna P. Harris (1908-1995) – African-American journalist, civil rights and peace activist * Alice Herz (1882–1965) – German-born American peace activist *

Jessie Jack Hooper Jessie Annette Jack Hooper (November 9, 1865 – May 7, 1935) was an American peace activist and suffragist, who was the first president of the Wisconsin League of Women Voters. She became involved in women's suffrage as an empowerment for wo ...

Julia Ward Howe Julia Ward Howe (; May 27, 1819 – October 17, 1910) was an American author and poet, known for writing the " Battle Hymn of the Republic" and the original 1870 pacifist Mother's Day Proclamation. She was also an advocate for abolitionism ...

(1819–1910) – American writer, social activist, peace advocate *

Hannah Clothier Hull Hannah Hallowell Clothier Hull (July 21, 1872 – July 4, 1958) was an American clubwoman, feminist, and pacifist, one of the founders and leaders of the Women's Peace Party and the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Early life ...

(1872–1958) – American Quaker activist, in the leadership of WILPF in the US * Inez Jackson (1907–1993) – African American pacifist and civil rights activist * Lisa Kalvelage (1923–2009) – German-born American anti-war activist remembered as one of the Napalm ladies * Helen Keller (1880–1968) – American activist, deafblind writer, speech "Strike Against The War" Carnegie Hall, New York 1916 *

Kathy Kelly Kathy Kelly (born 1952) is an American peace activist, pacifist and author, one of the founding members of ''Voices in the Wilderness'', and, until the campaign closed in 2020, a co-coordinator of ''Voices for Creative Nonviolence''. As part of p ...

(born 1952) – American peace and anti-war activist, arrested over 60 times during protests; member and organizer of international peace teams *

Coretta Scott King Coretta Scott King ( Scott; April 27, 1927 – January 30, 2006) was an American author, activist, and civil rights leader who was married to Martin Luther King Jr. from 1953 until his death. As an advocate for African-American equality, she ...

(1927–2006) – American writer, civil rights leader and pacifist *

Lola Maverick Lloyd Lola Maverick Lloyd (November 24, 1875 – July 25, 1944) was an American pacifist, suffragist, world federalist and feminist. Born in Texas to the wealthy Maverick family, Lola Maverick married William Bross Lloyd, the son of muckraking jour ...

(1875–1944) – American pacifist, suffragist, feminist * Elizabeth McAlister (born 1939) – American former nun, co-founder of Jonah House, peace activist * Bertha McNeill (1887–1979) – African-American WILPF leader and civil rights activist *

Ava Helen Pauling Ava Helen Pauling (born Miller; December 24, 1903 – December 7, 1981) was an American human rights activist and wife of Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling. Throughout her life, she was involved in various social movements including women's right ...

(1903–1981) – American human rights activist, feminist, pacifist *

Jeannette Rankin Jeannette Pickering Rankin (June 11, 1880 – May 18, 1973) was an American politician and women's rights advocate who became the first woman to hold federal office in the United States in 1917. She was elected to the U.S. House of Representa ...

(1880–1973) – first woman elected to the U.S. Congress, lifelong pacifist *

Coleen Rowley Coleen Rowley (born December 20, 1954) is an American former FBI special agent and whistleblower, and was a Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL) candidate for Congress in Minnesota's 2nd congressional district, one of eight congressional dist ...

(born 1954) – ex-FBI agent, whistleblower, peace activist, and the first recipient of the Sam Adams Award * Cindy Sheehan (born 1957) – American anti-Iraq and anti-Afghanistan war leader * Jeanmarie Simpson (born 1959) – American feminist, peace activist *

Samantha Smith Samantha Reed Smith (June 29, 1972 – August 25, 1985) was an American peace activist and child actress from Manchester, Maine, who became famous for her anti-war outreaches during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. I ...

(1972–1985) – American schoolgirl, young advocate of peace between Soviets and Americans * Eve Tetaz (born 1931) – retired American teacher, peace and justice activist *

Lillian Wald Lillian D. Wald (March 10, 1867 – September 1, 1940) was an American nurse, humanitarian and author. She was known for contributions to human rights and was the founder of American community nursing. She founded the Henry Street Settlement in N ...

(1867–1940) – American nurse, writer, human rights activist, suffragist and pacifist * Mary Wilhelmine Williams (1878–1944) – American historian, feminist and pacifist *

Anita Parkhurst Willcox Anita Parkhurst Willcox (1892–1984) was an American artist, feminist and pacifist. Her career as a graphic illustrator was interrupted by 15 months spent entertaining the troops in World War I, which left her passionately anti-war. During the 19 ...

(1892–1984) – American artist, feminist, pacifist * Fanny Garrison Villard (1844–1928) – American suffragist and pacifist, *

Alice Walker Alice Malsenior Tallulah-Kate Walker (born February 9, 1944) is an American novelist, short story writer, poet, and social activist. In 1982, she became the first African-American woman to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, which she was awa ...

(born 1944) – American novelist, feminist and pacifist *

Jody Williams Jody Williams (born October 9, 1950) is an American political activist known for her work in banning anti-personnel landmines, her defense of human rights (especially those of women), and her efforts to promote new understandings of security i ...

(born 1950) – American anti-landmine advocate and organizer, Nobel peace laureate *

Dagmar Wilson Dagmar Searchinger Wilson (January 25, 1916 – January 6, 2011) was an American anti-nuclear testing activist, artist, and illustrator of children's books for Whitman's Children's Books. Born in Manhattan Manhattan (), known regionally ...

(1916–2011) – American illustrator, pacifist, founder of

Women Strike for Peace Women Strike for Peace (WSP, also known as Women for Peace) was a women's peace activist group in the United States. In 1961, nearing the height of the Cold War, around 50,000 women marched in 60 cities around the United States to demonstrate ag ...

Mary Emma Woolley Mary Emma Woolley (July 13, 1863 – September 5, 1947) was an American educator, peace activist and women's suffrage supporter. She was the first female student to attend Brown University and served as the 11th President of Mount Holyoke Colle ...

(1863-1947) – American educator, peace activist, sole US female delegate to the Conference on Reduction and Limitation of Armaments

Venezuela

Sheyene Gerardi Sheyene Gerardi (Born April 13) is an Italo-Venezuelan former actress, producer, media proprietor, and mining executive. She is the Lead of Robotics Outreach at NASA (CLASS), where she co-founded the NASA´s Planetary Landing Team in 2018. Gerard ...

– human rights advocate, peace activist, founder of the SPACE Movement

Yemen

(born 1979) – Yemini journalist, politician and human rights activist; shared 2011 Nobel Peace prize

References

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Pacifists Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence. Pacifists generally reject theories of Just War. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaigne ...

Women pacifists

Women A woman is an adult female human. Prior to adulthood, a female human is referred to as a girl (a female child or adolescent). The plural ''women'' is sometimes used in certain phrases such as "women's rights" to denote female humans regardl ...