The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tajikistan: Tajikistan – mountainous,

landlocked A landlocked country is a country that does not have territory connected to an ocean or whose coastlines lie on endorheic basins. There are currently 44 landlocked countries and 4 landlocked de facto states. Kazakhstan is the world's largest ...

, sovereign country located in Central Asia. Tajikistan borders Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Most of Tajikistan's population belongs to the

Tajik Tajik, Tadjik, Tadzhik or Tajikistani may refer to: * Someone or something related to Tajikistan * Tajiks, an ethnic group in Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan * Tajik language, the official language of Tajikistan * Tajik (surname) * Tajik cu ...

ethnic group, who share culture and history with the Persian peoples and speak the Tajik language, a modern variety of Persian. Once part of the Samanid Empire, Tajikistan became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union in the 20th century, known as the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic ( Tajik SSR). After independence, Tajikistan suffered from a devastating civil war which lasted from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. Its natural resources such as cotton and aluminium have contributed greatly to this steady improvement, although observers have characterized the country as having few natural resources besides hydroelectric power and its strategic location.Greenberg, Ilan, "Media Muzzled and Opponents Jailed, Tajikistan Readies for Vote," '' The New York Times'', November 4, 2006 (article dateline November 3, 2006), page A7, New York edition

General reference

* Pronunciation: * Common English country name: Tajikistan * Official English country name: The Republic of Tajikistan * Common

endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...

(s): Tojikiston, Тоҷикистон * Official endonym(s): Jumhurii Tojikiston, Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон * Adjectival(s): Tajikistani *

Demonym A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...

(s): Tajikistani,

* Etymology: Name of Tajikistan * ISO country codes: TJ, TJK, 762 * ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:TJ * Internet country code top-level domain:

.tj .tj is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Tajikistan Tajikistan (, ; tg, Тоҷикистон, Tojikiston; russian: Таджикистан, Tadzhikistan), officially the Republic of Tajikistan ( tg, Ҷумҳурии Т ...

Geography of Tajikistan

Geography of Tajikistan * Tajikistan is: a landlocked country * Location: **

Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...

and

Eastern Hemisphere The Eastern Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth which is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and west of the antimeridian (which crosses the Pacific Ocean and relatively little land from pole to pol ...

** Eurasia *** Asia **** Central Asia ** Time zone: UTC+05 ** Extreme points of Tajikistan *** High: Ismoil Somoni Peak *** Low:

Syr Darya The Syr Darya (, ),, , ; rus, Сырдарья́, Syrdarjja, p=sɨrdɐˈrʲja; fa, سيردريا, Sirdaryâ; tg, Сирдарё, Sirdaryo; tr, Seyhun, Siri Derya; ar, سيحون, Seyḥūn; uz, Sirdaryo, script-Latn/. historically known ...

** Land boundaries: 3,651 km :: 1,206 km :: 1,161 km :: 870 km :: 414 km :* Coastline: ''none'' * Population of Tajikistan: 7,215,700 (Jan. 2008 estimate) – 99th most populous country * Area of Tajikistan: – 95th in the world * Atlas of Tajikistan

Environment of Tajikistan

Environment of Tajikistan * Climate of Tajikistan *

Environmental issues in Tajikistan Environmental issues in Tajikistan include concentrations of agricultural chemicals and salts in the soil and groundwater, poor management of water resources, and soil erosion. Additionally, because of inadequate sanitation facilities, untreated i ...

* Wildlife of Tajikistan ** Fauna of Tajikistan *** Birds of Tajikistan *** Mammals of Tajikistan

Natural geographic features of Tajikistan

Glaciers of Tajikistan A glacier ( ) or () is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly deform ...

* Islands of Tajikistan: none * Lakes of Tajikistan * Mountains of Tajikistan * Rivers of Tajikistan * World Heritage Sites in Tajikistan: none

Regions of Tajikistan

Regions of Tajikistan Administratively, Tajikistan is divided into: * one autonomous region (russian: автономная область; tg, вилояти мухтор, ''viloyati mukhtor'') * two regions ( tg, вилоятҳо, ''viloyatho'' fa, ولایته ...

Ecoregions of Tajikistan

Administrative divisions of Tajikistan

. *

** Districts of Tajikistan ***

Municipalities of Tajikistan Municipalities of Tajikistan are the cities, town, and villages of Tajikistan, most of which are listed in the following pages: *List of cities in Tajikistan (cities with more than 10,000 people in 2006) *List of towns and villages in Tajikistan ...

= Provinces of Tajikistan

= Provinces of Tajikistan *1

Sughd Sughd Province ( tg, Вилояти Суғд, Viloyati Sughd, Sogdia Region , fa, ولایت سغد) is one of the four administrative divisions and one of the three provinces ( tg, вилоятҳо, viloyatho , fa, ولایت) that make up ...

*2 Region of Republican Subordination *3 Khatlon *4

Gorno-Badakhshan Gorno-Badakhshan, officially the Badakhshan Mountainous Autonomous Region,, abbr. / is an autonomous region in eastern Tajikistan, in the Pamir Mountains. It makes up nearly forty-five percent of the country's land area, but only two perce ...

= Districts of Tajikistan

= Districts of Tajikistan The provinces of Tajikistan are divided into 58 districts ( tg, ноҳия, ''nohiya'' or russian: район, ''raion'').

= Municipalities of Tajikistan

Capital Capital may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** List of national capital cities * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences * Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used f ...

of Tajikistan: Dushanbe * Cities of Tajikistan

Demography of Tajikistan

Demographics of Tajikistan

Government and politics of Tajikistan

Politics of Tajikistan *

Form of government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...

: unitary

presidential President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese fu ...

republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

of Tajikistan: Dushanbe * Elections in Tajikistan *

Political parties in Tajikistan Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that stud ...

Branches of the government of Tajikistan

Government of Tajikistan

Executive branch of the government of Tajikistan

* Head of state and head of government: President of Tajikistan, Emomali Rahmon *

Cabinet of Tajikistan The Cabinet of Ministers of Tajikistan () is the chief executive body in Tajikistan. The Cabinet of Ministers is formed by the Prime Minister of Tajikistan as the head of government on behald of the President of Tajikistan. It was established in J ...

** Prime Minister of Tajikistan,

Kokhir Rasulzoda Qohir Rasulzoda ( tg, Қоҳир Расулзода and fa, قاهر رسول‌زاده; born Abduqohir Abdurasulovich Nazirov, tg, Абдуқохир Абдурасулович Назиров; russian: Абдукохир Абдурасуло� ...

(since 2013)

Legislative branch of the government of Tajikistan

* Parliament of Tajikistan (

bicameral Bicameralism is a type of legislature, one divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate and vote as a single grou ...

) ** Upper house: Senate of Tajikistan **

Lower house A lower house is one of two Debate chamber, chambers of a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house. Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has co ...

: House of Commons of Tajikistan

Judicial branch of the government of Tajikistan

Court system of Tajikistan

Foreign relations of Tajikistan

Foreign relations of Tajikistan * Diplomatic missions in Tajikistan *

Diplomatic missions of Tajikistan This is a list of diplomatic missions of Tajikistan, excluding honorary consulates. Tajikistan is a landlocked Central Asian country. Africa * ** Cairo (Embassy) America * ** Washington, D.C. ( Embassy) Asia * ** Kabul (Embassy) ** Maz ...

International organization membership

International organization membership of Tajikistan The Republic of Tajikistan is a member of: * Asian Development Bank (ADB) * Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) * Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) * Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) * Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC) * Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) *

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is an international financial institution founded in 1991. As a multilateral developmental investment bank, the EBRD uses investment as a tool to build market economies. Initially focus ...

(EBRD) * Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) * General Confederation of Trade Unions (GCTU) *

International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. It was established in 1957 ...

(IAEA) *

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial institution, established in 1944 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, that is the lending arm of World Bank Group. The IBRD offers l ...

(IBRD) * International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) * International Criminal Court (ICCt) * International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) *

International Development Association The International Development Association (IDA) (french: link=no, Association internationale de développement) is an international financial institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. Th ...

(IDA) *

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is a worldwide humanitarian aid organization that reaches 160 million people each year through its 192-member National Societies. It acts before, during and after disas ...

(IFRCS) * International Finance Corporation (IFC) *

International Fund for Agricultural Development The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD; french: link=no, Fonds international de développement agricole (FIDA)) is an international financial institution and a specialised agency of the United Nations that works to address ...

(IFAD) * International Labour Organization (ILO) * International Monetary Fund (IMF) * International Olympic Committee (IOC) * International Organization for Migration (IOM) * International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (correspondent) *

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, an ...

(ICRM) * International Telecommunication Union (ITU) * International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) *

Inter-Parliamentary Union The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU; french: Union Interparlementaire, UIP) is an inter-parliamentary institution, international organization of national parliaments. Its primary purpose is to promote democratic governance, accountability, and coop ...

(IPU) * Islamic Development Bank (IDB) * Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) * Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) *

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization with observer status at the United Nations. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, prom ...

(OSCE) * Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) * Partnership for Peace (PFP) * Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) * United Nations (UN) * United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) * United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) * United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) * Universal Postal Union (UPU) * World Customs Organization (WCO) * World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) * World Health Organization (WHO) * World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) * World Meteorological Organization (WMO) * World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) * World Trade Organization (WTO) (observer)

Law and order in Tajikistan

Law of Tajikistan *

Capital punishment in Tajikistan Capital punishment in Tajikistan is allowed by Article 18 of the 1999 Constitution of Tajikistan, which provides: The last known execution took place in 2004. That same year, a moratorium was issued on capital punishment by president Emomali Rahmon ...

* Constitution of Tajikistan * Human rights in Tajikistan **

LGBT rights in Tajikistan Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Tajikistan face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity are legal in Tajikistan, but same-sex couples and households headed b ...

Freedom of religion in Tajikistan Freedom of religion in Tajikistan is provided for in Tajikistan's constitution. The country is secular by law. However, respect for religious freedom has eroded during recent years, creating some areas of concern. Tajikistan's policies reflect a c ...

Law enforcement in Tajikistan Law enforcement in Tajikistan is primarily the responsibility of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which controls the police force, which is referred to as the militia occasionally. It is divided into multiple departments, each led by an officer, ...

Military of Tajikistan

Military of Tajikistan * Commander-in-chief ( President of Tajikistan) ** Presidential National Guard **

Ministry of Defence {{unsourced, date=February 2021 A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is an often-used name for the part of a government responsible for matters of defence, found in states ...

*** Tajik National Army ***

Tajik Air Force The Tajik Air and Air Defense Forces (russian: Военно-воздушные силы и противовоздушная оборона Таджикистана; ) is the aerial military service branch of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Ta ...

*** Tajik Mobile Forces ** Ministry of the Interior *** Border Troops *** Internal Troops *

Military history of Tajikistan tg, Қувваҳои Мусаллаҳи Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, italics=off , image=File:Tajik Armed Forces Shoulder Patch.jpg , image_size= , image2 = , alt2 = Roundel , caption=The shoulder patch o ...

Local government in Tajikistan

History of Tajikistan

History of Tajikistan Tajikistan harkens to the Samanid Empire (819–999). The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s. The Basmachi revolt broke out in the wake of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and was quelled in the early 1920s during the Russian Civil W ...

Economic history of Tajikistan The economy of Tajikistan is dependent upon agriculture and services. Since independence, Tajikistan has gradually followed the path of transition economy, reforming its economic policies. With foreign revenue precariously dependent upon exports o ...

Culture of Tajikistan

Culture of Tajikistan *

Cuisine of Tajikistan Tajik cuisine is a traditional cuisine of Tajikistan, and has much in common with Russian, Afghan, Iranian and Uzbek cuisines. ''Plov'' ( pilaf) ( tg, палав, uz, palov), also called ''osh'' ( tg, ош), is the national dish in Tajikistan, ...

* Ethnic minorities in Tajikistan * Gender equality in Tajikistan *

Languages of Tajikistan Main languages The two official languages of Tajikistan are Russian as the interethnic language and Tajik as the state language, as understood in Article 2 of the Constitution: "The state language of Tajikistan shall be Tajik. Russian shall be ...

* Media in Tajikistan * National symbols of Tajikistan ** Coat of arms of Tajikistan ** Flag of Tajikistan **

National anthem of Tajikistan "" ( tg, Суруди Миллӣ, ; "National Anthem") is the national anthem of Tajikistan, officially adopted on 7 September 1994. History Upon its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Tajikistan retained the Soviet-era regional anth ...

* People of Tajikistan * Prostitution in Tajikistan *

Public holidays in Tajikistan This following is a list of public holidays in Tajikistan: Holidays Military/Paramilitary *August 4 – Paratroopers' Day, celebrates Tajik Mobile Forces *February 6 – Day of the Tajik Police, celebrates Tajik Internal Troops * ...

Religion in Tajikistan Islam, the predominant religion throughout Central Asia, was brought to the region by the Arabs in the 7th century. Since that time, Islam has become an integral part of Tajik culture. Tajikistan is a secular country, but the post-Soviet era has ...

** Buddhism in Tajikistan ** Christianity in Tajikistan ** Islam in Tajikistan ** Judaism in Tajikistan ** Sikhism in Tajikistan * World Heritage Sites in Tajikistan: NONE

Art in Tajikistan

Cinema of Tajikistan In parallel to what happened in other Soviet republics, a cinema of Tajikistan was promoted by the Soviet state, and declined in the first years after the independence, before being revitalized through the efforts of the new government. Origins ...

Literature of Tajikistan Tajik literature and its history is bound up with the standardisation of the Tajik language. Tajik literary centres include the cities of Bukhara and Samarkand, currently in present-day Uzbekistan but with a majority Tajik population and Balkh and ...

* Music of Tajikistan

Sports in Tajikistan

Sports in Tajikistan * Football in Tajikistan * Tajikistan at the Olympics

Economy and infrastructure of Tajikistan

Economy of Tajikistan * Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 145th (one hundred and forty fifth) * Agriculture in Tajikistan * Banking in Tajikistan ** National Bank of Tajikistan * Communications in Tajikistan **

Internet in Tajikistan Internet in Tajikistan became present within the country during the early 1990s. Tajikistan had just become independent in 1992, with Emomali Rahmon as the new ruler, when the internet was introduced to the country. Nevertheless, it was after over ...

* Currency of Tajikistan: Somoni **

ISO 4217 ISO 4217 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines alpha codes and numeric codes for the representation of currencies and provides information about the relationships between individual cu ...

: TJS *

* Energy in Tajikistan ** Energy policy of Tajikistan ** Oil industry in Tajikistan * Health care in Tajikistan *

Mining in Tajikistan Tajikistan has rich deposits of gold, silver, and antimony. The largest silver deposits are in Sughd Province, where Tajikistan's largest gold mining operation also is located. Russia's Norilsk nickel company has explored a large new silver deposi ...

* Tourism in Tajikistan * Transport in Tajikistan ** Airports in Tajikistan **

Rail transport in Tajikistan Rail transport in Tajikistan is limited, as the railroad system totals only of non-electrified, single-track railway, all of it broad gauge. The system connects the main urban centres of western Tajikistan with points in neighboring Uzbekista ...

Education in Tajikistan

Education in Tajikistan Education in Tajikistan consists of four years of primary school followed by two stages of secondary school (lasting five and two years, respectively). Attendance at school is mandatory from age seven to seventeen. In accordance with the Law on ...

Health in Tajikistan

Health in Tajikistan The Tajikistan health system is influenced by the former Soviet legacy. It is ranked as the poorest country within the WHO European region, including the lowest total health expenditure per capita. Tajikistan is ranked 129th as Human Development ...

References

External links

*
More detailed map of Tajikistan
*
Tajikistan
'' The World Factbook''. Central Intelligence Agency. * {{DEFAULTSORT:Tajikistan Tajikistan 1