The non-marine molluscs of

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only stat ...

are part of the molluscan

fauna of Hawaii The fauna of the United States of America is all the animals living in the Continental United States and its surrounding seas and islands, the Hawaiian Archipelago, Alaska in the Arctic, and several island-territories in the Pacific and in the ...

, which in turn is part of the ( wildlife of Hawaii). A number of species of non-marine

molluscs Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil sp ...

are found in the wild in

. In addition there are at least ? gastropod species living as hothouse aliens, only in

greenhouse A greenhouse (also called a glasshouse, or, if with sufficient heating, a hothouse) is a structure with walls and roof made chiefly of Transparent ceramics, transparent material, such as glass, in which plants requiring regulated climatic condit ...

s, aquaria, and terraria. There are ??? species of

gastropods The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. Ther ...

?? species of

freshwater gastropod Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks which live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs ...

s, ?? species of land gastropods and ?? species of

bivalves Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, bival ...

living in the wild in the Hawaiian Islands. There are ?? non-indigenous species of gastropods (?? freshwater and ?? land species) and ?? species of bivalves in the wild in Hawaii. This is altogether a total of ?? freshwater non-indigenous species of wild molluscs. ;Summary table of number of species (The summary table is based on species counted in this list, and also includes also those species with question marks) Extinct gastropods in Hawaii include: .... Shells of local land snails which were collected by

David Dwight Baldwin David Dwight Baldwin (November 26, 1831 – June 16, 1912) was a businessman, educator, and biologist on Maui in the Hawaiian islands. Within biology he is known for his contributions to the study of Hawaiian land snails, part of malacology. ...

can be seen in the

Bailey House Museum Hale Hōʻikeʻike at the Bailey House (House of Display at Old Bailey House, formerly and commonly the Bailey House Museum) is a museum of Hawaiian history and art located in Wailuku, on the island of Maui, in Hawaii. It is owned and operated b ...

Wailuku, Maui Wailuku is a census-designated place (CDP) in and county seat of Maui County, Hawaii, United States. The population was 17,697 at the 2020 census. Wailuku is located just west of Kahului, at the mouth of the Iao Valley. In the early 20th centur ...

Freshwater gastropods

Neritidae Neritidae, common name the nerites, is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized saltwater and freshwater snails which have a gill and a distinctive operculum. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Neritininae Poey, 1852. Accessed through: ...

* '' Neritina granosa'' Sowerby – endemic Erinna newcombi color

Lymnaeidae Lymnaeidae, common name the pond snails, is a taxonomic family of small to large air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks, that belong to the clade Hygrophila. Lymnaeidae is the only family within the superfamily ...

* ''

Erinna newcombi Newcomb's snail (''Erinna newcombi'') is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, a gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae. This species is endemic to Hawaii, in the United States. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habi ...

'' – endemic to

Kauaʻi Kauai, () anglicized as Kauai ( ), is geologically the second-oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands (after Niʻihau). With an area of 562.3 square miles (1,456.4 km2), it is the fourth-largest of these islands and the List of islands of th ...

Land gastropods

Land gastropods in Hawaii include:

Achatinellidae Achatinellidae is a family of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. Taxonomy It was previously the only family in the superfamily Achatinelloidea (according to the taxonom ...

* ''

Achatinella ''Achatinella'' is a tropical genus of colorful land snails in the monotypic Achatinellidae subfamily ''Achatinellinae''. Species are arboreal pulmonate gastropod mollusks with some species called Oʻahu tree snails or kāhuli in the Hawaiian la ...

'' – all 40 species of Achatinella are endemic to

O`ahu Oahu () ( Hawaiian: ''Oʻahu'' ()), also known as "The Gathering Place", is the third-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. It is home to roughly one million people—over two-thirds of the population of the U.S. state of Hawaii. The island of O’ ...

* ''

Perdicella fulgurans ''Perdicella fulgurans'' is an extinct species of tropical tree-living, air-breathing, land snail, arboreal pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinellidae. This species was endemic to Hawaii in the United States The United ...

'' Sykes, 1900 – extinct

Endodontidae Endodontidae is a taxonomic family of very small air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Punctoidea. This family, which includes both snails and slugs, appears to have once been much mo ...

* ''

Cookeconcha contorta ''Cookeconcha contorta'' is a species of very small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Endodontidae. Distribution This species is found only in Hawaii, and is threatened by habitat loss Habi ...

'' – endemic...

Pupillidae Pupillidae is a family of mostly minute, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Pupilloidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Pupillidae W. Turton, 1831. Accessed through: ...

* ''

Pupoidopsis hawaiensis ''Pupoidopsis hawaiensis'' is a species of very small or minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Pupillidae. This species is endemic to the Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Haw ...

'' Pilsbry & Cooke, 1920

Pristilomatidae Pristilomatidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea. According to the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi these snails belong to the "limacoid ...

* ...

Euconulidae Euconulidae is a taxonomic family of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Trochomorphoidea. This land snail family is closely allied to the Zonitidae, the glass snails. ...

* ...

Oxychilidae Oxychilidae is a taxonomic family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Gastrodontoidea. Distribution The distribution of Oxychilidae includes the Nearctic, western-Palearctic, eastern-Palear ...

* '' Godwinia'' – the genus is endemic to Hawaii

Vitrinidae Vitrinidae is a family of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Limacoidea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBa ...

* ...

Bivalvia

References

2012 Holland B.S., T. Chock, A. Lee & S. Sugiura. Tracking behavior in the snail, Euglandina rosea: First evidence of preference for endemic versus biocontrol target pest species in Hawaii. American Malacological Bulletin 30(1):153–157. 2011 Sugiura, S., B.S Holland & R.H. Cowie. Predatory behaviour in juvenile Euglandina rosea. Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 101–102. 2010 Holland, B.S., S.L. Montgomery, & V. Costello. A reptilian smoking gun: first record of invasive Jackson's chameleon (Chamaeleo jacksonii xantholophus) predation on native Hawaiian species. Biodiversity and Conservation 19(5):1437–1441. 2009 Holland, B.S. Island flora and fauna: Snails. In: The Encyclopedia of Islands. (R. Gillespie & D.A. Clague, eds), pages 537–542, Science Publishing Group, University of California Press. Invited contribution. 2009 Holland, B.S. & R.H. Cowie. Land snail models in biogeography: A tale of two snails. American Malacological Bulletin 27:59–68. Invited review. 2008 Holland, B.S., C.C. Christensen, K.A. Hayes, R.H. Cowie. Biocontrol in Hawaii: A Response to Messing (2007). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. 40:81–83. 2007 Holland, B.S. & R.H. Cowie. A geographic mosaic of passive dispersal: population structure in the endemic Hawaiian amber snail Succinea caduca (Mighels 1845). Molecular Ecology, 16(12): 2422–2435. 2007 Holland, B.S. & M.G. Hadfield. Molecular systematics of the endangered O‘ahu tree snail Achatinella mustelina (Mighels 1845): Synonymization of subspecies and estimation of gene flow between chiral morphs. Pacific Science, 61(1): 53–66. 2006 Holland, B.S. & R.H. Cowie. New island records for the endemic Hawaiian land snail Succinea caduca (Mighels 1845). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 88: 58–60. 2004 Hadfield, M.G., B.S. Holland & K.J. Olival. Contributions of Ex Situ Propagation and Molecular Genetics to the Conservation of Hawaiian Tree Snails. In: Experimental Approaches to Conservation Biology. (M. Gordon & S. Bartol, eds). University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. Pages 16–34. 2004 Holland, B.S. & M.G. Hadfield. Origin and diversification of the endemic Hawaiian tree snails (Achatinellinae: Achatinellidae) based on molecular evidence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 32(2): 588–600. 2004 Rundell, R.J., B.S. Holland, & R.H. Cowie. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of endemic Hawaiian succineid land snails (Pulmonata: Gastropoda). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31: 246–255. 2002 Holland, B.S. & M.G. Hadfield. Islands within an island: phylogeography and conservation genetics of the endangered Hawaiian tree snail Achatinella mustelina. Molecular Ecology, 11(3): 365–376.

External links

Hawaiian Freshwater & Terrestrial Mollusk Checklist

{{DEFAULTSORT:Molluscs Hawaii *Molluscs Lists of fauna of Hawaii

.Hawaii .Hawaii

Freshwater gastropods

Land gastropods

Bivalvia

See also

References

Further reading

External links