List Of Introduced Molluscs Species Of Venezuela
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This is a list of 52 species of
mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...
s that have been introduced into Venezuela, that are living in the wild, and that have been reported in the literature. * Marine gastropods: 7 species * Freshwater gastropods: 5 species * Land gastropods: 22 species * Marine bivalves: 18 species * Estuarine bivalves: 2 species * Total number of introduced mollusc species: 52


Gastropoda


Marine gastropods

Buccinidae The Buccinidae are a very large and diverse taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelks or true whelks.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Buccinidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. A ...
* '' Babylonia aerolata'' (Link, 1807)Bitter, Ricardo S. y Martínez E. Rafael. 2001: Inventario de los moluscos marinos en las costas del estado Falcón, Venezuela. Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 21(1):21-41.Pérez, Julio E., Alfonsi, Carmen., Salazar, Sinatra K., Macsotay, Oliver., Barrios, Jorge. & Martínez Escarbassiere, Rafael. 2007: Especies marinas exóticas y criptogénicas en las costas de Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela. 46 (1): 79-96
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Fasciolariidae The Fasciolariidae, common name the "tulip snails and spindle snails", are a family (biology), family of small to large sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Buccinoidea. The family Fasciolariidae probably appe ...
* '' Fusinus barbarensis'' (Trask, 1855) * '' Fusinus marmoratus'' (Phillipi, 1844) Modulidae * '' Modulus cerodes'' ( A. Adams, 1851)
Turbinellidae Turbinellidae are a family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda. Members of this family are predators. Distribution Species in this family are found worldwide, mostly in tropical shallow waters but some in deep wat ...
* ''
Vasum ceramicum ''Vasum ceramicum'', common name ceramic vase or heavy whelk, is a species of medium to large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinellidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Vasum ceramicum (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed t ...
'' (
Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
,
1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
)
Umbraculidae Umbraculidae are a taxonomic family of unusual sea snails or limpets, marine opisthobranch gastropod molluscs in the clade Umbraculida. Distribution This family has a global distribution in tropical and subtropical seas. Genera Genera ...
* '' Umbraculum plicatulum'' (Von Martens, 1881)


Freshwater gastropods

Ampullariidae Ampullariidae, commonly known as the apple snails, is a family of large freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks with a gill and an operculum. These snails simultaneously have a gill and a lung as functional respiratory structures, wh ...
* ''
Pomacea bridgesi ''Pomacea'' is a genus of freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails. The genus is native to the Americas; most species in this genus are restricted to South America ...
'' (Reeve, 1856) Ojasti, Juhani., González Jiménez, Eduardo, Szeplaki Otahola, Eduardo. y García Román, Luis B. 2001: Informe sobre las especies exótica en Venezuela. Ministerio del Ambiente y de los Recursos Naturales Caracas. 207p. * ''
Pomacea canaliculata ''Pomacea canaliculata'', commonly known as the golden apple snail or the channeled apple snail, is a species of large freshwater snail with gills and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails. S ...
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Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolog ...
, 1819)
Planorbidae Planorbidae, common name the ramshorn snails or ram's horn snails, is a family of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs. Unlike most molluscs, the blood of ram's horn snails contains iron-based hemoglobin ins ...
* ''
Planorbella duryi ''Planorbella duryi'', common name the Seminole rams-horn, is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, a pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails. The species is endemic to Florida and is found frequently ...
'' (Wetherby 1879)
Thiaridae Thiaridae, common name thiarids or trumpet snails, is a family of tropical freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cerithioidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Thiaridae Gill, 1871 (1823). A ...
* ''
Melanoides tuberculata The red-rimmed melania (''Melanoides tuberculata''), also known as Malayan livebearing snails or Malayan/Malaysian trumpet snails (often abbreviated to MTS) by aquarists, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, a parthenogenetic, a ...
'' (Müller, 1774) * ''
Thiara granifera ''Tarebia granifera'', common name (in the aquarium industry) the quilted melania, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Thiaridae. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Tarebia grani ...
'' (
Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolog ...
, 1822)Prypchan, Sofía de., y Chrosciechowski, Przemyslaw. 1992: Invasión de las aguas dulces del litoral central venezolano (DF) por caracoles del genero Thiara (Melaniidae). Boletín de la Dirección de Malariología y Saneamiento Ambiental. XXXII(1-4):50-58Pointier, Jean Pierre., Balzán C, Carlos .y Chrosciechowski, Przemyslaw. 1994: Técnicas de muestreo de los caracoles de agua dulce en Venezuela. Boletín de la Dirección de Malariología y Saneamiento Ambiental. XXXIV(1-4):1-6


Land gastropods

Achatinidae Achatinidae (New Latin, from Greek "''agate''") is a family of medium to large sized tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks from Africa. Well known species include ''Achatina achatina'' the Giant African Snail, and ''Lis ...
* ''
Achatina fulica ''Lissachatina fulica'' is a species of large land snail that belongs in the subfamily Achatininae of the family Achatinidae. It is also known as the Giant African land snail.Bowdich, 1822)
Arionidae Arionidae, common name the "roundback slugs" or "round back slugs" are a taxonomic family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea. Distribution The distribution of this family of slug ...
* ''
Arion subfuscus ''Arion subfuscus'' is a species of land slug. It forms a species complex In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often un ...
'' (Draparnaud, 1805)Fernández de V, J. 1992: Contribución al conocimiento de las babosas y sietecueros (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía Maracay. 12(3-4):374-387.
Bradybaenidae Bradybaeninae is a taxonomic subfamily of medium-sized to small land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Camaenidae, superfamily Helicoidea.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Bradybaeninae Pilsbry, 1934 (1898). Acc ...
* ''
Bradybaena similaris ''Bradybaena similaris'', the Asian trampsnail, is a species of small, invasive land snail. It is a pulmonate gastropod terrestrial mollusc in the family Bradybaenidae. It earned the common name based on its origins, and its habit of roosting on ...
'' (Fèrussac, 1821)
Ferussaciidae Ferussaciidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Achatinoidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Ferussaciidae Bourguignat, 1883. Accessed through: World Register of Marine ...
* ''
Cecilioides acicula ''Cecilioides acicula'', common name the "blind snail" or "blind awlsnail", is a species of very small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Ferussaciidae. This is a subterranean species. Desc ...
'' (Müller 1774) * ''
Cecilioides aperta ''Cecilioides'' is a genus of very small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Ferussaciidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Cecilioides A. Férussac, 1814. Accessed through: World Register of ...
'' (Swainson, 1840)
Helicidae Helicidae is a large, diverse family of small to large, air-breathing land snails, sometimes called the "typical snails." A number of species in this family are valued as food items, including ''Cornu aspersum'' (formerly ''Helix aspersa'') the b ...
* ''
Cepaea ''Cepaea'' is a genus of medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Helicidae. The shells of species within this genus are often brightly colored and patterned with stripe ...
'' Held, 1838 *''
Cornu aspersum ''Cornu aspersum'' (syn. ''Cryptomphalus aspersus''), known by the common name garden snail, is a species of land snail in the family Helicidae, which includes some of the most familiar land snails. Of all terrestrial molluscs, this species may ...
= Helix aspersa'' (Müller, 1774) * ''
Helix pomatia ''Helix pomatia'', common names the Roman snail, Burgundy snail, or escargot, is a species of large, edible, air-breathing land snail, a pulmonate gastropod terrestrial mollusc in the family Helicidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. ...
''
Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
,
1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
* ''
Otala ''Otala'' is a genus of land snails in the subfamily Helicinae of the family Helicidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Otala Schumacher, 1817. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php ...
'' Schumacher, 1817 * ''
Theba pisana ''Theba pisana'', common names the white garden snail, sand hill snail, white Italian snail, Mediterranean coastal snail, and simply just the Mediterranean snail, is an edible species of medium-sized, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmon ...
'' (Müller, 1774)
Limacidae Limacidae, also known by their common name the keelback slugs, are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to very large, air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Limacoidea. Distribution The distr ...
* '' Agriolimax laevis'' (Müller, 1774) * '' Agriolimax reticulatus'' (Müller, 1774) * '' Lehmannia valenciana'' (Férussac, 1822) * '' Milax gagatex'' (Draparnaud)
Streptaxidae Streptaxidae is a family of carnivorous air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora. Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi. Stre ...
* ''
Gulella bicolor ''Huttonella bicolor'' is a species of land snail in the family Streptaxidae known commonly as the two-toned gulella.Auffenberg, K. and L. A. StrangeSnail-eating snails of Florida.EENY-251. University of Florida IFAS. Published 2001, revised 201 ...
'' (Hutton, 1834)
Subulinidae Subulininae is a subfamily of small tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinidae. Distribution Worldwide.
* ''
Allopeas micra ''Allopeas micra'' is a species of small, tropical, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Achatinidae. Distribution The distribution of ''Allopeas micra'' includes: * West Indies * from Mexico to Bo ...
'' (d’Orbigny, 1835) * ''
Lamellaxis mauritianus ''Allopeas'', common name the "awl snails", is a genus of small, tropical, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinidae. Species The genus ''Allopeas'' includes the following species: * '' Allo ...
'' (Pfeiffer, 1952) * ''
Opeas gracile ''Opeas'' is a genus of small, tropical, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinidae. ''Opeas'' is the type genus of the subfamily Opeatinae. Species The genus ''Opeas'' includes the followin ...
'' (Hutton, 1834) * ''
Opeas pumilum ''Opeas hannense'', common name the dwarf awlsnail, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Achatinidae. Distribution Non-indigenous: * Great Britain Great Britain is an islan ...
'' (Pfeiffer, 1847) * ''
Opeas pyrgula ''Opeas'' is a genus of small, tropical, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Achatinidae. ''Opeas'' is the type genus of the subfamily Opeatinae. Species The genus ''Opeas'' includes the followin ...
'' Schmacker and Boettger, 1891 * ''
Subulina octona ''Subulina octona'' is a species of small, tropical, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Achatinidae. Distribution The native distribution of this species includes: * Caribbean * Cuba * '' Subulina striatella'' (Rang, 1831)


Bivalvia


Marine bivalves

Arcidae * ''
Arca pacifica ARCA or Arca may refer to: Companies * Arca-Filmproduktion GmbH, the German film production company of Gero Wecker * Arca Fondi SGR, Italian asset management company * Arca South, an industrial estate in the Philippines * ARCAspace, an aeros ...
'' (Sowerby, 1833)
Donacidae The Donacidae, the "bean clams" or "wedge shells", are a family of bivalve molluscs of the superfamily Tellinoidea. The family is related to the ''Tellina''. The Donacidae are prolific filter feeders and are an important part of coastal food ...
* ''
Donax clathratus ''Donax'' is the scientific name of two genera of organisms and may refer to: * ''Donax'' (bivalve), a genus of clams in the family Donacidae * ''Donax'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Marantaceae {{Genus disambiguation ...
'' (Revee, 1854)
Mactridae Mactridae, common name the trough shells or duck clams, is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the order Venerida. Description These clams have two short siphons, each with a horny sheath. The shell is shaped like a rounded- ...
* '' Mactronella exoleta'' (Gray, 1837) * ''
Rangia mendica Rangia may refer to *Rangia or Rangiya Rangia is a city and a municipal board in Kamrup rural district in the Indian state of Assam. It is the regional divisional headquarters of the Northeast Frontier Railway. It is situated 52 kilometres away ...
'' (Gold, 1851) Mytilidae * '' Gregariella corallophiga'' (Gmelin 1781) * ''
Perna perna ''Perna perna'', the brown mussel, is an economically important mussel, a bivalve mollusc belonging to the family Mytilidae. It is harvested as a food source but is also known to harbor toxins and cause damage to marine structures. It is nati ...
'' (
Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
,
1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
) * '' Perna viridis'' (
Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
,
1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
)
Placunidae Placunidae, also known as windowpane oysters, windowpane shells, and Capiz shells, are a taxonomic family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks which are related to oysters and scallops. This family is best known for the shells of the sp ...
* '' Placuna placenta''
Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
,
1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
Pteriidae Pteriidae, also called the feather oysters, is a family of medium-sized to large saltwater clams. They are pearl oysters, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Pteriida. Some of the species in this family are important economically as the sou ...
* ''
Pteria hirundo ''Pteria hirundo'' is a species of bivalve belonging to the family Pteriidae Pteriidae, also called the feather oysters, is a family of medium-sized to large saltwater clams. They are pearl oysters, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Pte ...
'' (
Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
,
1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
)Macsotay, O. & R. Campos. 2001. Moluscos representativos de la plataforma de Margarita, Venezuela. Editora Rivolta. Valencia, Venezuela, 279 pp.
Semelidae The Semelidae are a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Cardiida. Description Members of this family have rounded or oval, elongated shells, much flattened. The two valves are connected by an internal ligament in c ...
* ''
Cumingia lamellosa ''Cumingia'' is a genus of marine clams in the family Semelidae. It is also represented in the fossil record. '' Cumingia lamellosa'' is an introduced species in Venezuela. Species * ''Cumingia antillarum'' A.Adams, 1850 * ''Cumingia calif ...
'' (Sowerby, 1833)
Tellinidae The Tellinidae are a family of marine bivalve molluscs of the order Cardiida. Commonly known as tellins or tellens, they live fairly deep in soft sediments in shallow seas and respire using long siphons that reach up to the surface of the sedime ...
* '' Strigilla pseudocarnaria'' Boss, 1969 Teredinidae * '' Lyodus pedicellatus'' (Quarterfages, 1849)Nair, N. B. 1975: Shipworms of Venezuela. Report on a collection from the gulf of Cariaco. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico. Universidad de Oriente 14: 129-146. * '' Bankia carinata'' (Gray, 1827 * ''
Bankia martensi Bankia () was a Spanish financial services company that was formed in December 2010, consolidating the operations of seven regional savings banks, and was partially nationalized by the government of Spain in May 2012 due to the near collapse of ...
'' Stempel 1899
Thraciidae Thraciidae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of small saltwater clams, marine (ocean), marine bivalves in the order (biology), order Anomalodesmata. Selected genera and species Genera and species within the family Thrac ...
* '' Thracia distorta'' (Montagu, 1803) Veneridae * '' Cincomphalus strigillinus'' (Dall, 1902) * '' Clausinella gayi'' (Hupé, 1854) * '' Clausinella fasciata'' (Da Costa, 1778)


Estuarine bivalves

Corbiculidae * ''
Corbicula fluminalis ''Corbicula fluminalis'' is a species of freshwater clam, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Cyrenidae. This species is distinct from, but often confused with, the rather similar species ''Corbicula fluminea''. Even though both species ...
'' (Múller, 1774)Lasso, Carlos A., Martínez E, Rafael, Capelo, Juan Carlos., Morales Betancourt, Mónica y Sánchez- Maya, Alejandro. 2009: Lista de los moluscos (Gastropodos_Bivalvia) dulceacuícolas y estuarinos de la cuenca del Orinoco (Venezuela). Biota Colombiana, 10(1 -2):63-74. Mytilidae * ''
Musculista senhousia : ''For the Asian green mussel, see Perna viridis.'' ''Arcuatula senhousia'', commonly known as the Asian date mussel, Asian mussel or bag mussel, is a small saltwater mussel, a marine bivalve mollusk species in the family Mytilidae, the musse ...
'' (Benson, 1842)Martínez, E, Rafael., Capelo, Juan C., García, José V., Lasso, Carlos A. Pereira, Guido. Y Lasso A, Oscar M. 2004: Primer registro del mejillón dátil asiático ''Musculina senhousia'' (Benson, 1842) (Bivalvia-Mytilidae): especie introducida en Venezuela. Memoria de la Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales. 159-160:309-312


See also

* List of echinoderms of Venezuela *
List of Poriferans of Venezuela The sponges of Venezuela are a part of the Porifera fauna of Venezuela (which is part of the wildlife of Venezuela). A number of species of sponges are found in the wild in Venezuela. This is a partial list of the marine and freshwater sponges ...
*
List of marine molluscs of Venezuela The marine molluscs of Venezuela are a part of the molluscan fauna of Venezuela. The marine molluscs are the snails, clams and mussels, chitons, octopuses, squid and cuttlefish that live in marine and estuarine habitats. The freshwater and land m ...
*
List of molluscs of Falcón state, Venezuela Falcón State is a state on the coast in the northwestern part of the country of Venezuela. Falcón State covers a total surface area of 24,800 km² and, in 2010, had an estimated population of 950,057. There are four national parks in the s ...
*
List of non-marine molluscs of El Hatillo Municipality, Miranda, Venezuela This partial list of non-marine molluscs of El Hatillo Municipality, Miranda, Venezuela shows that El Hatillo Municipality has a rich mollusc fauna. The municipality is land-locked, therefore there are no saltwater molluscs. This list currently ...
* List of non-marine molluscs of Venezuela *
List of birds of Venezuela This is a list of the bird species recorded in Venezuela. The avifauna of Venezuela has 1402 confirmed species, of which 45 are endemic, six have been introduced by humans, 35 are rare or vagrants, and one has been extirpated. An additional 21 ...
*
List of mammals of Venezuela This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Venezuela. Of the mammal species in Venezuela, one is critically endangered, six are endangered, nineteen are vulnerable, and four are near threatened. One species is classified as extinct. The foll ...


References

{{reflist


External links


Estudio sobre el estado actual de las Especies Exóticas. Juhani. Ojasti. Obra suministrada por la Secretaría General de la Comunidad Andina. 2001

Pérez, Julio E., Alfonsi, Carmen., Salazar, Sinatra K., Macsotay, Oliver., Barrios, Jorge. & Martínez Escarbassiere, Rafael. 2007: Especies marinas exóticas y criptogénicas en las costas de Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela. 46 (1): 79-96.
.Introduced Venezuela, Molluscs Molluscs, Introduced Venezuelas, Introduced Introduced Molluscs Venezuela molluscs