List Of Echinoderm Orders

This List of echinoderm orders concerns the various classes and orders into which taxonomists categorize the roughly 7000 extant species as well as the extinct species of the exclusively marine phylum Echinodermata.

Subphylum

Crinozoa

Class

Crinoidea

* Subclass Articulata (540 species)
** Order Bourgueticrinida
** Order Comatulida
** Order Cyrtocrinida
** Order Hyocrinida
** Order Isocrinida
** Order Millericrinida
* Subclass †Flexibilia
* Subclass † Camerata
* Subclass †Disparida

Image:Comaster schlegelii.JPG, ''Comaster schlegelii'' (Comatulida)
Image:Holopus 2.jpg, ''Holopus sp.'' (Cyrtocrinida)
Image:Encrinus liliiformis 4.JPG, '' Encrinus liliiformis'' ( Encrinida)
Image:Calamocrinus diomedæ (Plate XXVIII) BHL4232451.jpg, '' Calamocrinus diomedae'' (Hyocrinida)
Image:Proisocrinus ruberrimus.jpg, ''Proisocrinus ruberrimus'' (Isocrinida)
Image:Liliocrinus polydactylus MHNT.jpg, '' Liliocrinus polydactylus'' (Millericrinida)

Class

Paracrinoidea †

No orders, 13 to 15 genera are known.

* order Comarocystitida †
** ?Family Heckeritidae †
*** '' Heckerites'' †
** Family Amygdalocystitidae †
*** '' Achradocystites'' † Volborth, 1870
*** '' Amygdalocystites'' † Billings, 1854 (= ''Ottawacystis'') (?= ''Billingsocystis'')
*** '' Oklahomacystis'' † Parsley & Mintz, 1975 (Bassler, 1943)
*** '' Ovulocystites'' † Frest et al., 1980
** Family Comarocystitidae † Balther, 1899
*** '' Comarocystites'' † Billings, 1854
*** '' Implicaticystis'' †
*** '' Sinclairocystis'' †
* order Platycystitida †
** Family Platycystitidae †
*** '' Canadocystis'' † (= ''Sigmacystis'')
*** '' Platycystites'' †
** Family Malocystitidae †
*** '' Malocystites'' †
*** '' Wellerocystis'' †
** Family Bistomiacystitidae †
*** '' Bistomiacystis'' †

Doubtful paracrinoids:
* ''Columbocystis''
* ''Foerstecystis''
* ''Springerocystis''
* ''Ulrichocystis''
* ''Paleocystites''
* ''Allocystites''

Class

Cystoidea †

* order Aristocystitida †
* order Asteroblastida †
* order Glyptosphaeritida †
* order Sphaeronitida †

Class

Edrioasteroidea †

* order Edrioasterida
* order Isorophida

Subphylum

Asterozoa

Class Ophiuroidea (

Brittle stars)

** Order Euryalida
** Order Ophiurida
** Order Amphilepidida
** Order Ophiacanthida
** Order Ophioleucida
** Order Ophioscolecida

Image:Basket star feeding at night at the Red Sea.JPG, ''Astroboa nuda'' (Euryalida)
Image:Ophiura ophiura.jpg, ''Ophiura ophiura'' (Ophiurida)
Image:Ophiolepis elegans 600.jpg, '' Ophiolepis elegans'' (Amphilepidida)
Image:Ophiure noire à la Réunion.JPG, ''Ophiocoma erinaceus'' (Ophiacanthida)
Image:Ophioleuce seminudum (MNHN-IE-2013-10292) 02.jpg, '' Ophioleuce seminudum'' ( Ophioleucida)
Image:Ophiomyces frutectosus (MNHN-IE-2013-10282) 02.jpg, '' Ophiomyces frutectosus'' (Ophioscolecida)

Class Asteroidea (

Starfish)

*Infraclass Concentricycloidea
**Peripodida
*Superorder Forcipulatacea
**Brisingida
**Forcipulatida
*Superorder Spinulosacea
**Spinulosida
*Superorder Valvatacea
**Notomyotida
**Paxillosida
**Valvatida
*Velatida
* † Calliasterellidae
* † Trichasteropsida

Image:Xyloplax janetae.jpg, ''Xyloplax janetae'' (Peripodida)
Image:Brisingid Seastar (Novodinia antillensis).jpg, ''Novodinia antillensis'' (Brisingida)
Image:Starfish, Oregon coast.jpg, ''Pisaster ochraceus'' (Forcipulatida)
Image:Echinaster sepositus Banyuls 03.jpg, ''Echinaster sepositus'' (Spinulosida)
Image:Cheiraster echinulatus.jpg, '' Cheiraster echinulatus'' (Notomyotida)
Image:Astropecten aranciacus Sardegna09 28cm 5520.jpg, ''Astropecten aranciacus'' (Paxillosida)
Image:Linckia laevigata Tonga.jpg, ''Linckia laevigata'' (Valvatida)
Image:Euretaster insignis.jpg, '' Euretaster insignis'' (Velatida)

Subphylum

Echinozoa

Class Echinoidea (

Sea urchins)

** Order Diadematoida
** Order Echinothurioida
** Order Pedinoida
* Superorder Echinacea
** Order Arbacioida
** Order Echinoida
** Order Phymosomatoida
** Order Salenioida
** Order Temnopleuroida
* Superorder Gnathostomata
** Order Clypeasteroida (sand dollars)
** Order Holectypoida
* Superorder Atelostomata
** Order Holasteroida
** Order Spatangoida (heart urchins)

Image:Aspidodiadema arcitum.jpg, ''Aspidodiadema hawaiiense'', an Aspidodiadematoida
Image:Diadema antillarum Flower Garden Banks.jpg, ''Diadema antillarum'', a Diadematoida
Image:Caenopedina hawaiiensis.jpg, '' Caenopedina hawaiiensis'', a Pedinoida
Image:Salenocidaris hastigera.png, '' Salenocidaris hastigera'', a Salenioida
Image:Arbacia lixula (oursin noir).JPG, ''Arbacia lixula'', an Arbacioida
Image:Strongylocentrotus franciscanus at Telegraph Cove.jpg, ''Strongylocentrotus franciscanus'', a Camarodonta'', a Stomopneustoida
Image:Toxic Leather Sea Urchin - Asthenosoma marisrubri.jpg, ''Asthenosoma marisrubri'', an Echinothurioida
Image:Pourtalesia wandeli.png, ''Pourtalesia wandeli'', a Holasteroida
Image:Tiny maretia heart urchin (Maretia planulata).jpg, '' Maretia planulata'', a Spatangoida
Image:Echinoneus cyclostomus.jpg, ''Echinoneus cyclostomus'', an Echinoneoida
Image:Clypeaster reticulatus.jpg, ''Clypeaster reticulatus'', a Clypeasteroida
Image:Echinolampas depressa.png, '' Echinolampas depressa'', an Echinolampadoida
Image:Eucidaris metularia à la Réunion.jpg, ''Eucidaris metularia'', a Cidaroida

Class Holothuroidea (

Sea cucumbers)

** Order Apodida
** Order Dendrochirotida
** Order Elasipodida
** Order Holothuriida
** Order Molpadida
** Order Persiculida
** Order Synallactida

{{clr

Image:Euapta godeffroyi1.jpg, ''Euapta godeffroyi'' (Apodida)
Image:Cercodemas anceps Red box sea cucumber PC260152.JPG, '' Cercodemas anceps'' (Dendrochirotida)
Image:Scotoplanes globosa and crab.jpg, ''Scotoplanes globosa'' (Elasipodida)
Image:Holothuria cinerascens Réunion.jpg, '' Holothuria cinerascens'' (Holothuriida)
Image:See-through sea cucumber (Paracaudina australis).jpg, '' Paracaudina australis'' (Molpadida)
Image:Hansenothuria benti.png, '' Hansenothuria benti'' (Persiculida)
Image:Stichopus herrmanni (Mayotte).jpg, ''Stichopus herrmanni'' (Synallactida)

Class

Ophiocistioidea †

No orders recognized: class is divided up into four families, Eucladiidae, Sollasiniidae, Volchoviidae, and Rhenosquamidae. The inclusion of Rhenosquamidae within Ophiocistioidea is doubtful, as the organs identified in fossils of '' Rhenosquamus'' as the characteristic "scaly podia" otherwise diagnostic of ophiocistioids may not, in fact, be such structures.

Class

Helicoplacoidea †

No known orders, 2 known species, ''Helicoplacus curtisi'' and ''H. guthi''

Subphylum

Blastozoa

Class

Blastoidea †

* Ordre Coronata †
* Order Fissiculata †
* Order Spiraculata †
* basal '' Macurdablastus'' †

Class

Eocrinoidea †

* Order Ascocystida †
* Order Gogiida †
* Order Imbricata †
* Order Trachelocrinida †

Subphylum

Homostelea / Homalozoa †

Class

Ctenocystoidea †

** order Ctenocystida †

Class Soluta †

Class

Cincta †

Class

Stylophora †

** order Cornuta †
** order Mitrata †

References

List
Orders