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Clypeasteroida
Sand dollars (also known as a sea cookie or snapper biscuit in New Zealand, or pansy shell in South Africa) are species of flat, burrowing sea urchins belonging to the order Clypeasteroida. Some species within the order, not quite as flat, are known as '' sea biscuits''. Sand dollars can also be called "sand cakes" or "cake urchins". Anatomy Sand dollars are small in size, averaging from three to four inches. As with all members of the order Clypeasteroida, they possess a rigid skeleton called a test. The test consists of calcium carbonate plates arranged in a fivefold symmetric pattern. The test of certain species of sand dollar have slits called lunules that can help the animal stay embedded in the sand to stop it from being swept away by an ocean wave. In living individuals, the test is covered by a skin of velvet-textured spines which are covered with very small hairs (cilia). Coordinated movements of the spines enable sand dollars to move across the seabed. The velvety ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinoid
Sea urchins () are spine (zoology), spiny, globular echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species of sea urchin live on the seabed of every ocean and inhabit every depth zone from the intertidal seashore down to . The spherical, hard shells (Test (biology), tests) of sea urchins are round and spiny, ranging in diameter from . Sea urchins move slowly, crawling with tube feet, and also propel themselves with their spines. Although algae are the primary diet, sea urchins also eat slow-moving (Sessility (motility), sessile) animals. Predation, Predators that eat sea urchins include a wide variety of fish, starfish, crabs, marine mammals. Sea urchins are also used as food especially in Japan. Adult sea urchins have fivefold symmetry, but their pluteus larvae feature Bilateral symmetry, bilateral (mirror) symmetry, indicating that the sea urchin belongs to the Bilateria group of animal phylum, phyla, which also comprises the chordates and the arthropods, the annelids and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Urchin
Sea urchins () are spiny, globular echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species of sea urchin live on the seabed of every ocean and inhabit every depth zone from the intertidal seashore down to . The spherical, hard shells (tests) of sea urchins are round and spiny, ranging in diameter from . Sea urchins move slowly, crawling with tube feet, and also propel themselves with their spines. Although algae are the primary diet, sea urchins also eat slow-moving (sessile) animals. Predators that eat sea urchins include a wide variety of fish, starfish, crabs, marine mammals. Sea urchins are also used as food especially in Japan. Adult sea urchins have fivefold symmetry, but their pluteus larvae feature bilateral (mirror) symmetry, indicating that the sea urchin belongs to the Bilateria group of animal phyla, which also comprises the chordates and the arthropods, the annelids and the molluscs, and are found in every ocean and in every climate, from the tropics to the pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clypeasteridae
Clypeasteridae is a family of sea urchins in the order Clypeasteroida. This family was first scientifically described in 1835 by the Swiss-American biologist Louis Agassiz. Genera The World Register of Marine Species list the following genera as being in this family:- *'' Ammotrophus'' H.L. Clark, 1928 *''Arachnoides'' Leske, 1778 *''Clypeaster ''Clypeaster'', common name "cake urchins" or "sea biscuits", is a genus of echinoderms belonging to the family Clypeasteridae. Etymology The genus name ''Clypeaster'' is derived from the Latin “clypeus” (meaning ''round shield'') and “a ...'' Lamarck, 1801 *'' Fellaster'' Durham, 1955 *'' Monostychia'' Laube, 1869 References Clypeasteroida Echinoderm families {{echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leodia Sexiesperforata Derivada 2013
''Leodia sexiesperforata'', commonly known as the six-holed keyhole urchin, is a species of sand dollar, in the echinoderm order Clypeasteroida. It is native to tropical and sub-tropical parts of the western Atlantic Ocean where it buries itself in soft sediment in shallow seas. Description Like other sand dollars, ''Leodia sexiesperforata'' is radially symmetrical and flattened dorso-ventrally, having a circular or semi-pentagonal shape, but it also displays secondary, front-to-back bilateral symmetry. It is usually somewhere between in diameter. The mouth is on the oral (under) surface and is surrounded by the peristome and five deep, narrow food grooves, that branch as they near the margin. On the aboral (upper) surface of the test are five short, petal-like areas which are used as gills and six oval lunules (slots) which give the species its name "sexiesperforata". Five of these slots are in the ambulacral areas and the sixth is on the posterior interambulacral area. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rotulidae
Rotulidae is a family of small sand dollars native to the Atlantic coast of Africa, with 3 genera, with ''Rotula'' and ''Heliophora'' being extant, the other, ''Rotuloidea'', being extinct since the Pliocene, but all three being found in the fossil record along the Atlantic African coast since the Miocene. Morphology The generalized rotulid has a circular to oval-shaped test, and indentations starting along the posterior edge. In ''Heliophora'', the indentations may remain restricted to the posterior edge, or they may reach to the anterior edges of the test. Depending on the individual, the indentations may be very shallow, or very deep, forming very long "fingers," or digits. While rotulids are very distinctive in appearance, they are also highly morphic, with a tremendous diversity seen in individual specimens. That the digits are very fragile, and prone to breaking off and regenerating only adds to individual variations. In the genus ''Heliophora'', the test is extremely v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinarachnius Parma
''Echinarachnius parma'', the common sand dollar, is a species of sand dollar native to the Northern Hemisphere. Kroh, A.; Mooi, R. (2020). World Echinoidea Database. Echinarachnius parma (Lamarck, 1816). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=158062 on 2020-12-31 ;Subspecies: * ''Echinarachnius parma obesus'' H.L. Clark, 1914 * ''Echinarachnius parma parma'' (Lamarck, 1816) * ''Echinarachnius parma sakkalinensis'' Argamakowa, 1934 Distribution It is found in the North Pacific and Northwest Atlantic, on the North American east coast from New Jersey north, as well as in Alaska, Siberia, British Columbia, and Japan. It inhabits isolated areas on sandy bottoms below the low tide level down to a depth of . Description The tests (shells) of these sand dollars are round, flat and disc-like, typically measuring in diameter. The entire shell is also covered with maroon-colored moveable spines. The color is a purpli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinarachniidae
Echinarachniidae is a family of echinoderms belonging to the order Clypeasteroida Sand dollars (also known as a sea cookie or snapper biscuit in New Zealand, or pansy shell in South Africa) are species of flat, burrowing sea urchins belonging to the order Clypeasteroida. Some species within the order, not quite as flat, are k .... Genera Genera: * '' Astrodapsis'' Conrad, 1856 * '' Echinarachnius'' Gray, 1825 * '' Faassia'' Shmidt, 1971 References Clypeasteroida Echinoderm families {{echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Biscuit (echinoderm)
''Clypeaster'', common name "cake urchins" or "sea biscuits", is a genus of echinoderms belonging to the family Clypeasteridae. Etymology The genus name ''Clypeaster'' is derived from the Latin “clypeus” (meaning ''round shield'') and “aster” (meaning ''star''), with reference to the shape of these organisms. List of species * '' Clypeaster aloysioi'' (Brito, 1959) * '' Clypeaster amplificatus'' Koehler, 1922 * '' Clypeaster annandalei'' Koehler, 1922 * '' Clypeaster australasiae'' (Gray, 1851) * ''Clypeaster chesheri'' Serafy, 1970 * ''Clypeaster cyclopilus'' H.L. Clark, 1941 * ''Clypeaster durandi'' (Cherbonnier, 1959b) * ''Clypeaster elongatus'' H.L. Clark, 1948 * '' Clypeaster euclastus'' H.L. Clark, 1941 * '' Clypeaster europacificus'' H.L. Clark, 1914 * '' Clypeaster eurychorius'' H.L. Clark, 1924 * '' Clypeaster euryptealus'' H.L. Clark, 1925 * '' Clypeaster fervens'' Koehler, 1922 * '' Clypeaster humilis'' (Leske, 1778) * '' Clypeaster isolatus'' Serafy, 1971 * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eccentric Sand Dollar
''Dendraster excentricus'', also known as the eccentric sand dollar, sea-cake, biscuit-urchin, western sand dollar, or Pacific sand dollar, is a species of sand dollar in the family Dendrasteridae. It is a flattened, burrowing sea urchin found in the north-eastern Pacific Ocean from Alaska to Baja California. General information ''Dendraster excentricus'' is an irregular echinoid that is flattened and burrows into the sand, unlike the regular echinoids, or sea urchins. It can be found living in the Pacific Ocean from Alaska to Baja California. The range for ''Dendraster excentricus'' is larger and includes the range of the other two extant species of Dendraster: '' D. vizcainoensis'' and '' D. terminalis''. The flower pattern in this species is off-center, giving it the species name ''excentricus''. Its test (skeleton) is compared to that of a sea urchin below. Description They are colored gray, brown, black or shades of purple. Their size is variable, averaging 76 mm with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clypeaster Rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) Derivate 2013
''Clypeaster rosaceus'', the fat sea biscuit, is a species of sea urchin in the family Clypeasteridae. It occurs in shallow water in the western Atlantic Ocean and was first scientifically described in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus. Description This is a very large sea biscuit with a strong inflated test, growing to a maximum length of around . In shape it is ovate to slightly pentagonal, with the margin thicker at the anterior end. The petaloid area is broad, the anterior (front) petal being longer than the two posterior, paired petals, which are all of equal length; the area between the pores is wide and raised above the rest of the aboral (upper) surface. The oral (under) surface is fairly flat, with a deep depression around the mouth, and with deeply indented food grooves. The anus is on the oral surface near the posterior margin. The spines are short and coarse. When alive, this species is a dark brown colour, while the bare test is whitish. Image:Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinocyamus Pusillus
''Echinocyamus pusillus'', commonly known as the pea urchin or green urchin, is a species of sand dollar, a sea urchin in the family Fibulariidae, native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It buries itself in gravel or coarse sand at depths down to about . Description ''Echinocyamus pusillus'' is a small sea urchin with a flattened, oval body up to long. The anterior end is slightly pointed. The aboral (upper) surface is convex while the oral (lower) surface is flat. The ambulacral plates widen and form a petal-like pattern on the aboral surface, and it is through each of these areas that six to nine pairs of tube feet protrude. The whole test is clad in short dense spines, giving the living animal a furry appearance; spines of two types are present, relatively long, sharply-pointed ones and shorter ones with serrated tips. The mouth is in the centre of the oral surface and the anus is also on the oral surface but further back. The colour of this sea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clypeaster Reticulatus
''Clypeaster reticulatus'', the reticulated sea biscuit, is a species of sea urchin in the Family Clypeasteridae. This species was first scientifically described in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus. It lives on the sandy seabed of shallow seas, semi-immersed in the sediment. Description The reticulated sea biscuit can grow to a length of about . Like all sea biscuits it is bilaterally symmetrical and tends to be rather irregular in shape. It has a solid but slightly rounded aboral (upper) surface. The ambulacral areas on the aboral surface are characteristically shaped like petals and are at least two-thirds the width of the test. These are long and inflated, the front one being the longest and the foremost pair being the shortest. The oral (under) surface is concave or cup-shaped, with the food grooves being indistinct and only slightly indented. The anus is located on the underside near the margin at the back. Live specimens are yellowish-grey, often with darker markings, while bare tes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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