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Apodida
Apodida is an order of littoral to deep-sea, largely infaunal holothurians, sea cucumbers. This order comprises three families, 32 genera and about 270 known species, called apodids, "without feet". Characteristics These sea cucumbers are vagile holothurians with an elongated shape (up to 3 meters for ''Synapta maculata''), worm or snake-like. Their shape is adapted for burrowing through the sediment, sometimes in a fashion similar to earthworms. Their mouth is surrounded with 10-25 pinnate or peltate tentacles. The absence of tube feet gives the order its name, ''Apodida'' meaning ''without feet'' : they move by crawling on the sediment, hence they need flat bottoms with few current. Members of this order have a circum-oral ring and tentacles, but do not have tube feet or radial canals. They also lack the complex respiratory trees found in other sea cucumbers, and respire and excrete nitrogenous waste through their skin. The ossicles, minute calcareous plates embedded in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holothuroidea
Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea (). They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. Sea cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide. The number of holothurian () species worldwide is about 1,717, with the greatest number being in the Asia-Pacific region. Many of these are gathered for human consumption and some species are cultivated in aquaculture systems. The harvested product is variously referred to as '' trepang'', ''namako'', ''bêche-de-mer'', or ''balate''. Sea cucumbers serve a useful role in the marine ecosystem as they help recycle nutrients, breaking down detritus and other organic matter, after which bacteria can continue the decomposition process. Like all echinoderms, sea cucumbers have an endoskeleton just below the skin, calcified structures that are usually reduced to isolated microscopic ossicles (or sclerietes) joined by connective tissue. In some species these can sometim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiridotidae
Chiridotidae is a family of sea cucumbers found in the order Apodida. Within the family, there are 16 recognized genera all with different ranges of body types and functions. Sea cucumbers play a fundamental role in many marine ecosystems. Description Members in this family have 10, 12, or 18 pelto-digitate tentacles. They lack podia, radial canals, a respiratory tree, and papillae. However, their body structure does include ossicles, tentacles, a calcareous ring, and a ciliary urn. Chiridotidae typically undergo direct development and can usually be found in benthic ecosystems. Within their benthic systems they feed off of detritus meaning they must have a digestive tract. Taxonomy The following genera are recognised in the family Chiridotidae: * '' Archedota'' O'Loughlin in O'Loughlin & VandenSpiegel, 2007 -- 1 species * ''Chiridota'' Eschscholtz, 1829 -- 37 species * '' Gymnopipina'' Souto & Martins in Souto et al., 2017 -- 1 species * †'' Jumaraina'' Soodan, 1973 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apodida
Apodida is an order of littoral to deep-sea, largely infaunal holothurians, sea cucumbers. This order comprises three families, 32 genera and about 270 known species, called apodids, "without feet". Characteristics These sea cucumbers are vagile holothurians with an elongated shape (up to 3 meters for ''Synapta maculata''), worm or snake-like. Their shape is adapted for burrowing through the sediment, sometimes in a fashion similar to earthworms. Their mouth is surrounded with 10-25 pinnate or peltate tentacles. The absence of tube feet gives the order its name, ''Apodida'' meaning ''without feet'' : they move by crawling on the sediment, hence they need flat bottoms with few current. Members of this order have a circum-oral ring and tentacles, but do not have tube feet or radial canals. They also lack the complex respiratory trees found in other sea cucumbers, and respire and excrete nitrogenous waste through their skin. The ossicles, minute calcareous plates embedded in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiridota Heheva
''Chiridota heheva'' is a species of sea cucumber in the family Chiridotidae Chiridotidae is a family of sea cucumbers found in the order Apodida. Within the family, there are 16 recognized genera all with different ranges of body types and functions. Sea cucumbers play a fundamental role in many marine ecosystems. Des .... The species is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean, in deeper regions and cold seeps. It was described by Pawson and Vance in 2004. References Chiridotidae Animals described in 2004 {{Holothuroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tube Feet
Tube feet (technically podia) are small active tubular projections on the oral face of an echinoderm, whether the arms of a starfish, or the undersides of sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers; they are more discreet though present on brittle stars, and have only a feeding function in feather stars. They are part of the water vascular system. Structure and function Tube feet function in locomotion, feeding, and respiration. The tube feet in a starfish are arranged in grooves along the arms. They operate through hydraulic pressure. They are used to pass food to the oral mouth at the center, and can attach to surfaces. A starfish that is inverted turns one arm over and attaches it to a solid surface, and levers itself the right way up. Tube feet allow these different types of animals to stick to the ocean floor and move slowly. Each tube foot consists of two parts: the ampulla and the podium. The ampulla is a water-filled sac contained in the body of the animal that contain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synaptula Lamperti
''Synaptula lamperti'' is a species of sea cucumber in the family Synaptidae in the phylum Echinodermata, found on coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific region. The echinoderms are marine invertebrates and include the sea urchins, starfish and sea cucumbers. They are radially symmetric and have a water vascular system that operates by hydrostatic pressure, enabling them to move around by use of many suckers known as tube feet. Sea cucumbers are usually leathery, gherkin-shaped animals with a cluster of short tentacles at one end. They live on the sea bottom. Description ''S. lamperti'' has an elongated, opaque body with several dark-coloured, longitudinal stripes.Gad-Zooks Cukes! Sea Cucumbers: Not A Pretty Picture ''Wet Web Media.com''. Retrieved July 27, 2011. There are no |
Polyplectana Kefersteinii
''Polyplectana'' is a genus of sea cucumbers in the family Synaptidae. The type species is ''Polyplectana kefersteinii''. Species The World Register of Marine Species lists the following species : *'' Polyplectana galatheae'' Heding, 1928 *'' Polyplectana grisea'' Heding, 1931 *'' Polyplectana kallipeplos'' (Sluiter, 1887) *''Polyplectana kefersteinii ''Polyplectana'' is a genus of sea cucumbers in the family Synaptidae. The type species is '' Polyplectana kefersteinii''. Species The World Register of Marine Species lists the following species In biology, a species is the basic unit o ...'' (Selenka, 1867) *'' Polyplectana longogranula'' Heding, 1928 *'' Polyplectana nigra'' (Semper, 1867) *'' Polyplectana oculata'' Heding, 1928 *'' Polyplectana samoae'' Heding, 1928 *'' Polyplectana sluiteri'' Heding, 1928 *'' Polyplectana tahitiensis'' Heding, 1928 *'' Polyplectana unispicula'' Heding, 1931 *'' Polyplectana zamboangae'' Heding, 1928 References Holo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euapta Lappa
''Euapta lappa'', the beaded sea cucumber, is a species of sea cucumbers in the family Synaptidae in the phylum Echinodermata. It is found on coral reefs in the Caribbean region. Description In appearance, the beaded sea cucumber resembles a long worm rather than a sea cucumber. It can reach up to a metre (yard) in length and has a diameter of up to . It lengthens and shortens repeatedly and when disturbed, the normally flaccid body retracts vigorously to a fraction of its original length. It has no internal respiratory tree, nor does it have tube feet, and the body surface is covered by rounded ridges. The skeletal structure consists of many tiny calcareous plates embedded in the cuticle. Little hooks project from these ossicles and make the body feel sticky to the touch. At the anterior (front) of the animal there is a ring of fifteen branched feeding tentacles. The body colour is pale brown or grey, often with white flecks or darker, longitudinal streaks and transverse banding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polycheira Rufescens
''Polycheira'' is a genus of holothurians (sea cucumbers) found in tropical Indo-Pacific. A curious pattern of reproduction has been found in ''Polycheira rufescens'' where specimens change their sex from male to female and from female to male in a reproductive season Systematics ''Polycheira'' appear to be closely related to the genus ''Chiridota'' (both belong to the subfamily Chiridotinae). The type species of the genus is ''Polycheira rufescens'' (Brandt, 1835). The following species are recognised in the genus ''Polycheira'': *''Polycheira echinata'' Heding, 1928 *''Polycheira rufescens ''Polycheira'' is a genus of holothurians (sea cucumbers) found in tropical Indo-Pacific. A curious pattern of reproduction has been found in '' Polycheira rufescens'' where specimens change their sex from male to female and from female to male ...'' (Brandt, 1835) References Holothuroidea genera Chiridotidae {{Holothuroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquatic Respiration
Aquatic respiration is the process whereby an aquatic organism exchanges respiratory gases with water, obtaining oxygen from oxygen dissolved in water and excreting carbon dioxide and some other metabolic waste products into the water. Unicellular and simple small organisms In very small animals, plants and bacteria, simple diffusion of gaseous metabolites is sufficient for respiratory function and no special adaptations are found to aid respiration. Passive diffusion or active transport are also sufficient mechanisms for many larger aquatic animals such as many worms, jellyfish, sponges, bryozoans and similar organisms. In such cases, no specific respiratory organs or organelles are found. Higher plants Although higher plants typically use carbon-dioxide and excrete oxygen during photosynthesis, they also respire and, particularly during darkness, many plants excrete carbon-dioxide and require oxygen to maintain normal functions. In fully submerged aquatic higher plants spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radial Canal
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Euapta Godeffroyi
''Euapta godeffroyi'', the sticky snake sea cucumber, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Synaptidae Synaptidae is a family of sea cucumbers that have no tube feet, tentacle ampullae, retractor muscles, respiratory trees, or cuvierian tubules. They also lack radial canals of the water-vascular system, with only the circumoral ring present. S .... It is found on coral reefs in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Description ''E. godeffroyi'' is a long, slender sea cucumber growing to a length of about . A ring of fifteen feathery tentacles encircle the mouth. The body colour is creamy white with blotches of grey and a pair of longitudinal brown or greenish stripes. The spicules (microscopic calcareous structures that project through the skin) are a mixture of anchors and perforated plates with large holes. Distribution and habitat ''E. godeffroyi'' is native to the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Its range extends from the Red Sea and Madagascar to Hawaii and Easter Isla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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